2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考点大串讲（上海）
专题05 完形填空精选10篇
（解析版）
完形填空01
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Warning: Don’t make big decisions from high elevations
You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. But who could have thought our decisions are literally influenced by altitude
As in, what floor you happen to be on when considering something. If it’s a high elevation, like the top floor of an office tower, chances are you’ll embrace 1 a little more than you would on the ground floor, according to researchers from Miami University. The study, published this month in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, suggests you may want a(n) 2 advisor to work from a ground-floor office rather than the top floor. And it gives new, literal 3 to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions. “When you increase elevation, there is a(n) 4 effect on the sense of power,” lead author Sina Esteky, PhD, noted in a release. “This heighted feeling of power 5 in more risk-seeking behavior.”
For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building. They found the 6 of the elevator strongly influenced the level of risk-aversion among participants. They were more likely, 7 , to take more gambles on the way to the 74th floor—but their decisions became far more grounded as they neared, well, the ground.
Another experiment 8 people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building. Each group was asked to make 10 decisions of 9 risk levels. Guess which group made the most risky decisions What was it about higher elevations that made the participants feel braver Researchers theorized it could have something to do with the perception that elevation gives people a(n) 10 of power and authority.
Risk seems a lot smaller when seen from above — literally. That idea seemed to hold 11 in further experiments. When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect 12 disappeared. Likewise, “elevation effect” wasn’t a factor for people mired in cubicles (困在隔间里) who couldn’t see how high up they were.
“The important lesson is that when people become aware of the 13 impact of elevation, it doesn’t happen anymore,” Esteky says. ‘The brain is very sensitive to subtle 14 factors, but also really good at correcting for such effects, so 15 can help us be more rational in our decisions.”
1．A．function B．risk C．process D．sense
2．A．crucial B．social C．financial D．economical
3．A．emphasis B．conflict C．power D．pressure
4．A．subconscious B．aware C．unconscious D．conscientious
5．A．takes B．results C．leads D．comes
6．A．field B．respect C．direction D．period
7．A．in general B．by contrast C．in conclusion D．for instance
8．A．resulted in B．concerned with C．accounted for D．taken over
9．A．increasing B．rising C．varying D．decreasing
10．A．sense B．change C．difference D．impression
11．A．deliberate B．delicate C．real D．true
12．A．fortunately B．completely C．mostly D．barely
13．A．potential B．huge C．extra D．eager
14．A．temporary B．past C．seasonal D．situational
15．A．discipline B．satisfaction C．awareness D．confidence
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【来源】上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明，在高楼层所做出的决定风险比在低楼层所做的要大。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈阿密大学的研究人员称，如果你住的地方海拔较高，比如写字楼的顶层，那么你比住在底层的人更容易接受风险。A. function功能；B. risk风险；C. process过程；D. sense意识。根据题目“Don’t make big decisions from high elevations（不要在高处做重大决定）”可知，不建议在高处做重大决定，即这么做是不好的，风险更大，故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：本月发表在《消费者心理学杂志》上的研究表明，你可能希望财务顾问在底层办公室而不是顶层办公室工作。A. crucial关键的；B. social社会的；C. financial金融的；D. economical节约的。根据上文的“You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. ”可知，在高楼层做的决定风险比在低楼层做出的决定风险大，因此你可能希望财务顾问在底层办公室，故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了新的，字面上的强调，当你做重大决定时，你应该脚踏实地。A. emphasis强调；B. conflict冲突；C. power力量；D. pressure压力。由“to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions”可知，它在字面上强调当你做重大决定时，你应该脚踏实地。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首席作者SinaEsteky博士在一份新闻稿中指出:“当你提高高度时，权力感会产生潜意识影响。”A. subconscious潜意识的；B. aware意识到的；C. unconscious昏迷的，无意识的；D. conscientious凭良心的。由下文“This heighted feeling of power”可知，这是一种潜意识影响，故选A。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种强烈的权力感会导致更多的冒险行为。A. takes (in)理解；B. results (in)导致；C. leads (in)导入；D. comes (in)进来。由“This heighted feeling of power”和“more risk-seeking behaviour”可知，这种强烈的权力感会导致更多的冒险行为，故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，电梯的方向对参与者的风险厌恶程度有很大影响。A. field田地；B. respect尊敬；C. direction方向；D. period时期。由上文的“ For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building.(在这项研究中，埃斯特基的团队采访了那些在高层建筑的玻璃电梯里上下楼的人)”可知，电梯在升降，因此此处表示“电梯的方向对参与者的风险厌恶程度有很大影响”，故选C。
7．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，他们更有可能在去75楼的路上进行更多的赌博——但当他们接近地面时，他们的决定就变得更加脚踏实地。A. in general一般而言；B. by contrast相比之下；C. in conclusion总之；D. for instance例如。由“the 75th floor”可知，此处是举的一个例子，因此空格处是“例如”，故选D。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个实验是关于住在一所大学大楼一楼或三楼的人。A. resulted in导致；B. concerned with涉及，关于；C. accounted for解释；D. taken over接管。根据后文“people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building.”指另一个实验关于住在一所大学大楼一楼或三楼的人。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一组被要求做出10个风险程度不同的决定。A. increasing日益增加的；B. rising上升的；C. varying不同的；D. decreasing渐减的。由“10 decisions of____risk levels”可知，是10个风险程度不同的决定，故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员推测，这可能与一种感知有关，即提升会给人一种力量和勇气的感觉。A. sense感觉；B. change改变；C. difference不同之处；D. impression印象。由“of power and bravery”可知，给人一种力量和勇气是一种感觉，故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在进一步的实验中，这个观点似乎是正确的。A. deliberate故意的；B. delicate精致的；C. real真正的；D. true正确的。由后文的“What participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect_____disappeared”可知，在进一步的实验中，这个观点似乎是正确的。故选D。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当参与者被告知他们的决定受到提升的影响时，这种影响就完全消失了。A. fortunately幸运地；B. completely完全地；C. mostly主要地；D. barely几乎不。由“their decisions were being influenced by elevation”可知，当参与者被告知他们的决定受到提升的影响时，这种影响就完全消失了。故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：埃斯特基说:“重要的教训是，当人们意识到海拔上升的潜在影响时，这种情况就不会再发生了。”A. potential潜在的；B. huge巨大的；C. extra额外的；D. eager迫切的。结合上文实
验可知，高度上升对人们的决定有潜在影响。故选A。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大脑对微妙的情境因素非常敏感，但也非常擅长纠正这些影响，所以意识可以帮助我们在做决定时更理性。A. temporary暂时的；B. past过去的；C. seasonal季节的；D. situational情形的。实验中电梯的不同高度属于不同的情境，因此此处是指大脑对情境因素非常敏感，故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大脑对微妙的情境因素非常敏感，但也非常擅长纠正这些影响，所以意识可以帮助我们在做决定时更理性。A. discipline纪律；B. satisfaction满意；C. awareness意识；D. confidence自信。由上文的“When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect 12 disappeared.”可知，当意识到高度对作决定有影响时，这种影响就消失了，因此意识可以帮助我们在做决定时更理性，故选C。
完形填空02
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Why is setting goals important Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life. 16 just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful people 17 how their life should be and set lots of goals. By setting goals you are 18 your life. It’s like having a 19 to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are 20 drivers. One has a destination in mind (her goal) which can be found on a map. She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong turns. 21 driver has no goals or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, 22 she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just 23 gas. Of the two drivers, which driver do you want to be
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making 24 and setting goals. 25 people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set — and they aren’t difficult to reach. It’s up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are the one who must 26 what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more 27 to achieve it. Written goals can be 28 regularly, and have more power. Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also 29 you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously 30 situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
16．A．Because of B．Instead of C．In spite of D．In addition to
17．A．imagine B．discuss C．experience D．show
18．A．going on with B．taking control of C．getting along with D．taking advantage of
19．A．guide B．friend C．map D．sign
20．A．two B．three C．bad D．good
21．A．Other B．Another C．The other D．Second
22．A．or B．for C．but D．so
23．A．thinking of B．using up C．turning off D．paying to
24．A．plans B．money C．friends D．maps
25．A．Lucky B．Young C．Universal D．Unsuccessful
26．A．practise B．change C．admit D．decide
27．A．willing B．anxious C．likely D．clever
28．A．improved B．reviewed C．set D．reached
29．A．although B．until C．when D．unless
30．A．aware of B．worried about C．familiar with D．accustomed to
【答案】
16．B 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．A
【来源】上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了给生活制定目标的重要性以及目标给我们生活带来的导向性。
16．考查介词短语辨析。句意：目标不是让生活发生在你身上，而是让你的生活发生。A. Because of因为；B. Instead of而不是；C. In spite of尽管；D. In addition to除了……之外。根据后文“just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen”可知，指目标是有目的地生活，而不是让生活自然发生，应用instead of。故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功的人想象他们的生活应该是什么样子，并设定很多目标。A. imagine想象；B. discuss讨论；C. experience经历；D. show展示。根据后文“how their life should be and set lots of goals”指成功的人想象他们的生活应该是什么样子，并设定很多目标。故选A。
18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过设定目标，你可以掌控自己的生活。A. going on with继续；B. taking control of控制；C. getting along with相处融洽；D. taking advantage of利用。根据后文“They decide what they want in life and then get there”可知，设定目标可以掌控自己的生活。故选B。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就像有一张地图告诉你要去哪里。A. guide导游；B. friend朋友；C. map地图；D. sign迹象。根据后文“to show you where you want to go”可知可以告诉你去哪里的是地图。故选C。
20．考查形容词和数词辨析。句意：有两个司机。A. two两个；B. three三个；C. bad坏的；D. good好的。根据后文“Of the two drivers”可知是两个司机。故选A。
21．考查代词词义辨析。句意：另一个司机没有目标、目的地或地图。A. Other其他的；B. Another另一个；C. The other两者中的另一个；D. Second第二。根据后文“Of the two drivers”可知此处特指两者中的另一个，
应用the other。故选C。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：她和第一个司机在同一时间从同一地点出发，但她漫无目的地开着车，从来没有到达任何地方，只是用光了汽油。A. or或者；B. for为了；C. but但是；D. so所以。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她和第一个司机在同一时间从同一地点出发，但她漫无目的地开着车，从来没有到达任何地方，只是用光了汽油。A. thinking of想起；B. using up用完；C. turning off关闭；D. paying to支付。根据上文“she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just”可知，漫无目的地开车最后只是用光汽油。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们决定自己在生活中想要什么，然后通过制定计划和设定目标来实现。A. plans计划；B. money钱；C. friends朋友；D. maps地图。根据后文“and setting goals”指制定计划和设定目标。故选A。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不成功的人只是让生活意外发生。A. Lucky幸运的；B. Young年轻的；C. Universal普遍的；D. Unsuccessful不成功的。根据后文“let life happen by accident”让生活意外发生的是不成功的人。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是那个必须决定你的人生目标和方向的人。A. practise练习；B. change改变；C. admit承认；D. decide决定。呼应上文“They decide what they want in life”指决定你的人生目标和方向。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究告诉我们，当我们把目标写下来时，我们更有可能实现它。A. willing愿意的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. likely可能的；D. clever聪明的。根据上文“Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more”可知，写下目标才更有可能实现目标。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：写下来的目标可以定期回顾，而且更有力量。A. improved改善；B. reviewed回顾；C. set设置；D. reached到达。根据上文“Written goals can be”可知，目标写下来是为了定期回顾。故选B。
29．考查连词词义辨析。句意：此外，当你以一种特殊的方式写下你的目标时，你可以让自己不断意识到会让你更接近目标的情况。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. when当……时候；D. unless除非。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。故选C。
30．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：此外，当你以一种特殊的方式写下你的目标时，你可以让自己不断意识到会让你更接近目标的情况。A. aware of意识到；B. worried about担心；C. familiar with熟悉；D. accustomed to习惯于。根据后文“situations that will bring you nearer to your goal”可知，写下目标才能让自己意识到接近目标的情况。故选A。
完形填空03
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in
each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
China’s booming ready-meals industry shows how pre-cooked food options are here to stay
The growing popularity of pre-cooked food in China-also known as the ready-meals industry-has made it a capital darling (宠儿).
In the world’s second-largest economy, the market for pre-prepared dishes has been mainly driven by food-selling companies. But a shift from 31 to family dining tables in the past two years, has rapidly brought pre-made food to the mass consumer market.
Deloitte’s consumer goods and retail industry head, Zhang Tianbing, now says China’s pre-prepared food market looks to have a(n) 32 future, with the business becoming more mature, 33 the general consumer market is still in the process of entering ordinary people’s life. “Pre-prepared dishes meet the preferences of a new generation of consumers for healthier and a wider 34 of meals,” Zhang said.
According to the report, China’s pre-prepared dishes market 35 about 550 billion yuan in 2021, with an expected compound annual growth rate of 13 per cent over the next 5 years, which suggests that the pre-made food market is more 36 this year than during the first two years of the pandemic.
As of June 37 , there were more than 66,000 domestic pre-cook-related enterprises, of which more than 1,020 were newly registered this year.
As a new capital darling, the pre-cooking industry is attracting cross-sector investment from companies outside the 38 industry. In Zhuhai, the local government is preparing to build a vegetable industrial park, which will cover all aspects of the pre-made-food industrial chain, from raw materials (原材料) and production to 39 and sales.
Yin Ping, the mother of a junior high school student, bought several boxes of pre-prepared dishes online last month and was 40 the convenience and taste of the products. A dish that can be made in five minutes by simply throwing the ingredients into a pan is so convenient for me in the summer since I 41 make every effort to make yummy meals for the kids in a hot kitchen,“ Yin said.
However, the quality of pre-made dishes in the market remains uneven, as problems are 42 the lack of detailed labelling on such products, as well as difficulties in logistics and distribution. 43 , the issue of restaurants using pre-made dishes without telling diners was included among the top complaints. For those who 44 food safety, without advance notice, the use of pre-prepared dishes by restaurants to replace those prepared on-site by a chef was harmful to consumers’ rights to information and choice.
With the rapid development of the pre-cooking market, it turns out that relevant regulations 45 in terms of promoting industry standardization.
31．A．factories B．restaurants C．schools D．farms
32．A．brilliant B．uncertain C．unique D．influential
33．A．so B．because of C．in spite of D．while
34．A．application B．change C．variety D．gap
35．A．generated B．wasted C．assumed D．lost
36．A．suitable B．possible C．valuable D．profitable
37．A．along B．alone C．around D．apart
38．A．transport B．registration C．food D．construction
39．A．recycling B．packaging C．developing D．purchasing
40．A．alive with B．neighbours with C．charged with D．delighted with
41．A．am used to B．used to C．have used to D．had used to
42．A．related to B．reminded of C．supposed to D．surrounded by
43．A．Instead B．What’s more C．Therefore D．However
44．A．think about B．break up C．care about D．care for
45．A．need B．require C．refer D．matter
【答案】
31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．D 41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．D
【来源】上海市延安中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试卷
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍预制食品行业在国内的蓬勃发展带来了巨大的经济利润，给人们的生活带来了便利，但也存在一些问题，需要相关法律来促进行业规范。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在过去两年里，从餐厅到家庭餐桌的转变，迅速将预制食品带到了大众消费市场。A. factories工厂；B. restaurants餐馆；C. schools学校；D. farms农场。根据下文“during the first two years of the pandemic.”可知，过去两年因为新冠人们选择在家做饭，而非去餐厅，因此是从餐馆到家庭餐桌的转变。故选B。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：德勤消费品和零售行业负责人张天兵现在表示，随着业务的日益成熟，中国预制食品市场看起来有着光明的未来，虽然普通消费市场仍处于进入普通人生活的过程中。A. brilliant聪明的，明亮的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unique独特的，唯一的；D. influential有影响力的。根据上文“has rapidly brought pre-made food to the mass consumer market”和本句“with the business becoming more mature”推知，张天兵认为中国预制食品的市场前景一片光明。故选A。
33．考查连词和固定短语辨析。句意：德勤消费品和零售行业负责人张天兵现在表示，随着业务的日益成熟，中国预制食品市场看起来有着光明的未来，然而普通消费市场仍处于进入普通人生活的过程中。A. so因此；B. because of由于；C. in spite of尽管，即使；D. while然而，即使。空处需填连词引导从句，结合句意和“still”可知，上下文为转折关系，因此用while引导句子，表示对比。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：张说：“预制菜满足了新一代消费者对更健康、更丰富的膳食的偏好。”A. application申请；B. change改变，零钱；C. variety种类；D. gap缺口，间隙，隔阂。根据“ healthier and a
wider ”推知，此处指预制菜可以为新一代消费者提供更健康、更多的种类的选择。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告称，2021年，中国预制菜市场创造了约5500亿元的收入，预计未来5年的复合年增长率为13%，这表明今年的预制菜市场比疫情前两年更有利可图。A. generated 产生，生成；B. wasted浪费；C. assumed假设；D. lost丢失。根据“about 550 billion yuan”可知，此处是指预制菜市场创造（生成）了5500亿元收入。故选A。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：报告称，2021年，中国预制菜市场创造了约5500亿元的收入，预计未来5年的复合年增长率为13%，这表明今年的预制菜市场比疫情前两年更有利可图。A. suitable适合的；B. possible可能的；C. valuable有价值的；D. profitable有利可图的。根据“with an expected compound annual growth rate of 13 per cent over the next 5 years”可知，预制菜的增长率很高，由此推知它是有利可图的。故选D。
37．考查副词此意辨析。句意：仅截至6月，国内预制相关企业就超过6.6万家，其中今年新注册的企业超过1020家。A. along一起；B. alone独自；C. around周围；D. apart分开。结合句意可知，此处用仅6月一个月预制相关企业的增加数巨大来体现该行业是有利可图的。故选B。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为新的资本宠儿，预制行业正在吸引食品行业以外公司的跨部门投资。A. transport运输；B. registration登记，注册；C. food食物；D. construction建设。根据“the pre-cooking industry is attracting cross-sector investment”推知，预制行业吸引了非食品行业公司的投资。故选C。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在珠海，当地政府正准备建设一个蔬菜产业园，该产业园将涵盖预制食品产业链的各个方面，从原料和生产到包装和销售。A. recycling回收利用；B. packaging打包；C. developing培养，发展；D. purchasing购买。根据“materials (原材料) and production”和“sales”可知，此处是指从原料和生产到包装和销售一条龙产业。故选B。
40．考查短语辨析。句意：尹萍是一名初中生的母亲，她上个月在网上买了几盒预制菜，对这些菜的便利性和味道感到高兴。A. alive with充满；B. neighbours with与……为邻；C. charged with指控犯……；D. delighted with对……感到开心。根据“the convenience and taste of the products”推知，这位妈妈对预制菜的便利和味道感到高兴、满意。故选D。
41．考查短语辨析。句意：夏天，只要把食材扔进锅里，五分钟就能做出一道菜，这对我来说非常方便，因为我过去常常在炎热的厨房里竭尽全力为孩子们做美味的饭菜A. am used to被用来；B. used to过去常常；C. have used to（无此表达）；D. had used to（无此表达）。此处是把过去做饭的情况和现在作对比凸显预制菜的便利。used to do“过去常常做某事”符合语境。故选B。
42．考查短语辨析。句意：然而，市场上预制菜的质量仍然参差不齐，因为这些问题与这些产品缺乏详细的标签以及物流和分销方面的困难有关。A. related to与……有关；B. reminded of被提醒；C. supposed to应该；D. surrounded by被……包围。根据“the lack of detailed labelling on such products, as well as difficulties in logistics and distribution”可知，此处指预制菜质量参差不齐与缺乏详细标签、物流和分销有关。故选A。
43．考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：此外，餐馆在不告知食客的情况下使用预制菜的问题也被列为最受投诉的问题之一。A. Instead代替，而不；B. What’s more此外；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。此处
承接上文，继续列举预制菜存在的问题，“此外”符合语境。故选B。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于那些关心食品安全的人来说，在没有事先通知的情况下，餐馆使用预制菜来代替厨师现场准备的菜，损害了消费者的知情权和选择权。A. think about考虑；B. break up破裂；C. care about关心；D. care for喜欢，想要。根据“without advance notice, the use of pre-prepared dishes by restaurants to replace those prepared on-site by a chef was harmful to consumers’ rights to information and choice.”可知，这些是关心食品的人所担心的问题。故选C。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着预烹饪市场的快速发展，相关法规对促进行业标准化很重要。A. need需要；B. require要求；C. refer涉及；D. matter重要。空处需填不及物动词作谓语，结合“in terms of promoting industry standardization.”可知，相关法律对促进行业标准化来说很重要。故选D。
完形填空04
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The secrets of long life
A long healthy life is no accident. It begins with good genes, but it also depends on good 46 . So what’s the formula for success In a recent study, scientists have focused on groups living in several regions where exceptional longevity is the normal: Sardinia, Italy, Loma Linda, California, and the islands of Okinawa, Japan.
Sardinians
Why do they live so long 47 is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, chopped wood and walked four miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day’s first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, around the kitchen table. Giovanna, his wife, unties a handkerchief containing a paper-thin flatbread called carta da musica, pours some red wine, and cut slices of homemade cheese.
These Sardinians also benefit from their 48 history. According to Paolo Francalacci of the University of Sassari, 80 percent of them are 49 the first Sardinians, who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago. Genetic traits made stronger over generations may favor longevity. 50 , too, is a factor. The Sardinians diet is loaded with fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, fish and wine. Most of these items are homegrown.
Adventists
The study found that the Adventists’ habit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and other fruits 51 their risk of developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole wheat bread, drinking five glasses of water a day, and, most 52 , consuming four servings of nuts a week reduced their risk of heart disease. And it found that not eating red meat had been helpful in avoiding both cancer and heart disease.
Okinawans
The first thing you notice about Ushi Okushima is her 53 . It fills the room with pure joy. This rainy afternoon she sits comfortably wrapped in a blue kimono. Her thick hair is combed back from her suntanned face, revealing alert green eyes. Not long ago, she started wearing perfume. When asked about the perfume, she 54
that she has a new boyfriend. 55 behavior for a young woman, perhaps, but Ushi is 103.
With an average life expectancy of 78 years for men and 86 years for women, Okinawans are among the world’s longest lived people. This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawans warm and 56 climate and scenic beauty. Senior citizens living in these islands tend to enjoy years 57 disabilities. Okinawans have very low rates of cancer and heart disease compared to American seniors.
A lean diet of food grown on the island and a philosophy of 58 — may also be a factor. “eat until your stomach is 80 percent full.” may also be factors. Ironically, this healthy way of eating was born of 59 . Ushi Okushima grew up barefoot and poor, her family grew sweet potatoes, which formed the core of every meal. During World War II, when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friend Setsuko fled to the center of the island with their children. “We 60 terrible hunger,” Setsuko recalls.
46．A．habits B．parents C．efforts D．secrets
47．A．Companion B．Lifestyle C．Environment D．Birthplace
48．A．unique B．fantastic C．genetic D．religious
49．A．curious about B．connected with C．fond of D．senior to
50．A．Inheritance B．Gene C．Nutrition D．Peace
51．A．accepted B．evaluated C．increased D．lowered
52．A．surprisingly B．originally C．unexpectedly D．miserably
53．A．dressing B．identification C．laugh D．expression
54．A．proposes B．assumes C．jokes D．denies
55．A．Aggressive B．Violent C．Disorderly D．Predictable
56．A．changing B．inviting C．extreme D．tropical
57．A．suffering from B．overcoming C．free from D．recovering
58．A．moderation B．feasibility C．evolution D．identification
59．A．wealth B．hardship C．orphan D．harmony
60．A．died of B．satisfied C．experienced D．kept off
【答案】
46．A 47．B 48．C 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．A 53．C 54．C 55．D 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．C
【来源】上海市第四中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三个长寿群体：意大利撒丁岛、加利福尼亚州的基督复临信徒和日本冲绳岛，并探讨了他们的长寿秘诀，包括健康的饮食习惯、适度的锻炼以及积极的心态。同时，文章也提到了一些科学证据来支持这些做法，如摄入豆类、水果、蔬菜、饮水和坚果能有效降低患病风险。此
外，研究人员指出，那些长寿的人们往往有着良好的遗传基因和健康的生活方式。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康长寿不是偶然的。它始于良好的基因，但也取决于良好的习惯。A. habits习惯；B. parents父母；C. efforts努力；D. secrets秘密。根据后文的“Why do they live so long ___2___ is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, chopped wood and walked four miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day’s first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, around the kitchen table.”可知，后文通过介绍意大利撒丁岛居民的生活方式，说明健康长寿的秘诀在于良好的习惯。故选A。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们为什么能活这么久？生活方式是答案的一部分。A. Companion同伴；B. Lifestyle生活方式；C. Environment环境；D. Birthplace出生地。根据后文“By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, chopped wood and walked four miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day’s first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, around the kitchen table.”可知，此处是对生活方式以及生活习惯的描述，是他们长寿的原因。故选B。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些撒丁岛人也受益于他们的遗传历史。A. unique独特的；B. fantastic奇妙的；C. genetic遗传的，基因的；D. religious宗教的。根据后文“Genetic traits made stronger over generations may favor longevity.”可知，代代相传的遗传特征可能有利于长寿，因此这些撒丁岛人也受益于他们的遗传历史。故选C。
49．考查固定短语辨析。句意：根据萨萨里大学的保罗·弗兰卡拉奇的说法，其中80%与11000年前到达该地区的第一批撒丁人有关。A. curious about好奇；B. connected with联系到；C. fond of喜欢；D. senior to高于。根据后文“the first Sardinians, who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago.”可知，此处表示其中80%与11000年前到达该地区的第一批撒丁人有关。故选B。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养也是一个因素。A. Inheritance继承；B. Gene基因；C. Nutrition营养；D. Peace和平。根据后文的“The Sardinians diet is loaded with fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, fish and wine. Most of these items are homegrown.”可知，撒丁岛人的饮食以水果和蔬菜、牛奶和奶制品、鱼和酒为主。这些物品大多是国产，因此他们的饮食营养也是影响长寿的因素。故选C。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，基督复临信徒食用豆类、豆浆、西红柿和其他水果的习惯降低了他们患某些癌症的风险。A. accepted接受；B. evaluated评估；C. increased增加；D. lowered降低。根据后文的“their risk of developing certain cancers.”可知，食用豆类、豆浆、西红柿和其他水果的习惯降低了他们患某些癌症的风险。故选D。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，吃全麦面包，每天喝五杯水，以及最令人惊讶的是，每周吃四份坚果，可以降低患心脏病的风险。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. originally最初；C. unexpectedly意外地；D. miserably可怜地。根据后文“consuming four servings of nuts a week reduced their risk of heart disease.”可知，每周吃四份坚果，可以降低患心脏病的风险，这是令人惊讶的。故选A。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你注意到Ushi Okushima的第一件事就是她的笑声。A. dressing着装；B. identification识别；C. laugh笑；D. expression表情。根据后文“It fills the room with pure joy.”可知，笑声让
房间里充满了纯粹的欢乐。故选C。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及香水时，她开玩笑说她有了一个新男友。A. proposes建议；B. assumes假定；C. jokes开玩笑；D. denies否认。根据“that she has a new boyfriend.”以及后文的“Ushi is 103.”可知，103岁的Ushi Okushima开玩笑说自己有了新男朋友。故选C。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个年轻女人来说，这也许是意料之中的行为，但Ushi已经103岁了。A. Aggressive侵略的；B. Violent暴力的；C. Disorderly混乱的；D. Predictable可预测的。根据“for a young woman”可知，对于一个年轻的女人来讲，有男朋友是意料之中的事情。故选D。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这部分是由于冲绳温暖宜人的气候和美丽的风景。A. changing变化；B. inviting诱人的，吸引人的；C. extreme极端的；D. tropical热带的。根据前文的“warm”可知，此处表示冲绳温暖宜人的气候。故选B。
57．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些岛屿上的老年人往往能够享受几年不受残疾困扰的生活。A. suffering from患有；B. overcoming克服；C. free from免于；D. recovering恢复。根据前文“This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawans warm and ___11___ climate and scenic beauty.”可知，由于冲绳温暖宜人的气候和美丽的风景，住在这些岛屿上的老年人往往可以享受多年不受残疾困扰的生活。故选C。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：岛上种植的食物的精益饮食和适度的哲学——可能也是一个因素。A. moderation适度；B. feasibility可行性；C. evolution进化；D. identification识别。根据后文的“eat until your stomach is 80 percent full”可知，吃到肚子八分饱——这是岛上饮食方面的适度原则。故选A。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：具有讽刺意味的是，这种健康的饮食方式是在艰苦中产生的。A. wealth财富；B. hardship困难；C. orphan孤儿；D. harmony和谐。根据后文的“Ushi Okushima grew up barefoot and poor, her family grew sweet potatoes, which formed the core of every meal.”可知，Ushi Okushima在贫困中赤脚长大，她的家庭种植红薯，这是每顿饭的核心，因此这种适度的健康饮食原则是在艰难困苦中产生的。故选B。
60．考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：“我们经历了可怕的饥饿，” Setsuko回忆道。A. died of死于；B. satisfied使满足；C. experienced经历；D. kept off阻止。根据前文“During World War II, when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friend Setsuko fled to the center of the island with their children.”可知，在第二次世界大战期间，当岛上的男人参军时，Ushi和她的朋友Setsuko带着他们的孩子逃到了岛的中心，因此Setsuko经历过可怕的饥饿。故选C。
完形填空05
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeii’s emergence as a dark 61 . Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Coliseum
to be one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18th century, the appeal was 62 still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the 63 , which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.
It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism’ entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow 64 it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F. Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism identify plenty of 65 for the growing phenomenon, including raised awareness of it as a(n) 66 thing. Access to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap 67 travel. It’s hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its 68 to Krakow’s international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also 69 the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people don’t want mainstream tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more 70 history than, say, a Roman ruin,” he says. “You go to Sarajevo (萨拉热窝) and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one’s own life story.”
Auschwitz-Birkenau Marble Arch
Hohenhaus is also a fan of ‘beauty in 71 ’, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The crossover (交叉风格) with death is clear. “I’ve always been drawn to 72 things, “the 54-year-old says. Nevertheless, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational, the example of Grenfell Tower (many “tourists” flooded to a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) hints at the 73 felt at some sites. “I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ago and one of the 74 was ‘pay due respect’,” Hohenhaus says. “It’s big, it’s dramatic, it’s black and it’s a story you’ve followed in the news. I’ll be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the attraction. But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie 75 .”
61．A．opportunity B．secret C．attraction D．memory
62．A．fancier B．harsher C．likelier D．further
63．A．site B．relic C．memorial D．range
64．A．assigned B．charted C．applied D．processed
65．A．motivations B．obstacles C．purposes D．reasons
66．A．identifiable B．creative C．unrecognizable D．practical
67．A．rail B．coach C．pedestrian D．air
68．A．shortcut B．resemblance C．nearness D．relevance
69．A．relates to B．points to C．signals to D．translates to
70．A．distant B．ancient C．recent D．recorded
71．A．disgust B．decay C．disbelief D．doubt
72．A．beautiful B．contemporary C．urban D．ruined
73．A．amazement B．unease C．pressure D．panic
74．A．limitations B．obstacles C．goals D．rules
75．A．embarrassedly B．determinedly C．necessarily D．merrily
【答案】
61．C 62．B 63．A 64．C 65．D 66．A 67．D 68．C 69．B 70．C 71．B 72．D 73．B 74．D 75．D
【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了什么是“黑暗旅游”及其流行的原因。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“黑暗旅游”这个词比实际上要新得多，早在庞贝作为黑暗景点出现之前就已经出现了。A. opportunity机会；B. secret秘密；C. attraction景点；D. memory记忆。根据上文“dark tourism”和“Pompeii”可知，庞贝是一个景点，此处表示“庞贝作为黑暗景点”。故选C。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，直到18世纪后期，在伦敦市中心，人们花钱坐在看台上观看大规模的绞刑，这种呼吁更加严厉。A. fancier更漂亮的；B. harsher更严厉的；C. likelier更有可能的；D. further更远的。根据下文“where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings”可知，在人们花钱坐在看台上观看大规模的绞刑时这种呼吁更严厉了。故选B。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：商人们会在这里卖馅饼，这里大概就是今天大理石拱门的所在地。A. site地点；B. relic遗迹；C. memorial纪念碑；D. range范围。根据下文“which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today”可知，此处说的是商人们会在这个地方卖馅饼。故选A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到1996年，格拉斯哥的两位学者在考察与John F. Kennedy遇刺有关的地点时应用了这个短语，才将“黑暗旅游”纳入学术词汇。A. assigned分派，布置；B. charted绘制；C. applied应用；D. processed处理。根据下文“it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F. Kennedy”可知，格拉斯哥的两位学者在考察与John F. Kennedy遇刺有关的地点时应用了这个短语。故选C。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究“黑色旅游”的人为这一日益增长的现象找到了很多原因，包括人们越来越意识到它是一个可识别的东西。A. motivations动机；B. obstacles障碍；C. purposes目的；D. reasons原因。根据下文“including raised awareness of it as a(n) ____6____ thing”可知，研究“黑色旅游”的人为这一日益增长
的现象找到了很多原因。故选D。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究“黑色旅游”的人为这一日益增长的现象找到了很多原因，包括人们越来越意识到它是一个可识别的东西。A. identifiable可识别的；B. creative有创造力的；C. unrecognizable难以辨认的；D. practical实际的。根据上文“‘dark tourism’ entered the scholarly vocabulary”可知，‘dark tourism’进入了学术词汇，所以“黑色旅游”是可识别的东西。故选A。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着廉价航空旅行的到来，参观景点的机会也有所增加。A. rail铁路；B. coach教练；C. pedestrian行人；D. air航空。根据第8空后的“Krakow’s international airport”可知，很多人是坐飞机去那儿参观，因此此处表示“随着廉价航空旅行的到来”。故选D。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是因为靠近Krakow国际机场，很难想象Auschwitz-Birkenau纪念馆和博物馆现在每年会接待200多万游客。A. shortcut近路；B. resemblance相似，相像；C. nearness接近；D. relevance相关性。根据上文“the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors”可知，Auschwitz-Birkenau纪念馆和博物馆应该是靠近这个机场，所以才会有那么多人来旅游。故选C。
69．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Peter Hohenhaus是维也纳一位游历广泛的黑暗游客，他也指出，在流行的旅游指南和猫途鹰(TripAdvisor)的排名之外，非常规路线旅游正在广泛兴起。A. relates to联系；B. points to指向；C. signals to给……发信号；D. translates to翻译成。根据下文“the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism”可知，Peter Hohenhaus指出，在流行的旅游指南和猫途鹰(TripAdvisor)的排名之外，非常规路线旅游正在广泛兴起，空格处用points to。故选B。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多人不想要主流旅游，这通常意味着要去那些历史更近的地方，而不是罗马废墟。A. distant远处的；B. ancient古老的；C. recent最近的；D. recorded记录的。根据下文“than, say, a Roman ruin,”和“You go to Sarajevo (萨拉热窝) and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one’s own life story”可知，此处表示去那些在历史上更近的地方”。故选C。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍恩豪斯也是“衰败之美”的粉丝，这是一种当代文化运动，在这种文化运动中，城市废墟已经成为昂贵的咖啡桌书籍和上千个Instagram账户的主题。A. disgust反感，憎恶；B. decay衰败；C. disbelief不相信；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts”可知，此处表示“衰败之美”。故选B。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我总是被被毁的东西所吸引。A. beautiful美丽的；B. contemporary当代的；C. urban城市的；D. ruined被毁的。根据上文“a fan of ‘beauty in _______’”可知，这个人是被被毁的东西所吸引。故选D。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，像任何旅游一样，黑暗旅游最好是有教育意义的，Grenfell Tower的例子（许多“游客”涌入伦敦一座塔楼，该塔楼在2017年被大火烧毁，造成71人死亡）暗示了一些地方的不安情绪。A. amazement惊奇；B. unease不安；C. pressure压力；D. panic恐慌。根据上文“many “tourists” flooded to a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths”可知，那么多人死了，会让人不安。故选
B。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得不久前Lonely Planet Bluelist一书中有一章是关于黑暗旅游的，其中一条规则是‘给予应有的尊重’。A. limitations限制；B. obstacles障碍；C. goals目标；D. rules规则。根据下文“‘pay due respect’”可知，这是黑暗旅游的一条规则。故选D。
75．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我不会高高兴兴地站在街上自拍。A. embarrassedly尴尬地；B. determinedly决然地；C. necessarily必然；D. merrily高高兴兴地。根据上文“taking a selfie”和常理可知，一般旅游时游客是高高兴兴地自拍。故选D。
完形填空06
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are 76 their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, eco-communities are being designed with a green 77 in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.
If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a 78 community along the harbor front of British Columbia’s capital city. The community will be home to 2,500 people and will 79 residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation (通风), and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials, such as paints and wood, are 80 and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require 81 to grow.
Energy efficiency is one of the 82 concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures (照明设备) reduce the environmental 83 of heating and hot water, but they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that homeowners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres (水表) 84 studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. 85 , water is treated at Dockside Green and reused for flushing toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the 86 into consideration. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce 87 .
Dockside residents will be encouraged to take advantage of a mini transport system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are underway for a high-tech heating system that will use 88 energy instead of fossil fuels.
Dockside residents will 89 excellent local services with high-quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent leisure facilities and plentiful green open spaces. Eco-
communities will prefer the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be 90 places to live, promoting a sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.
76．A．ashamed of B．concerned about C．connected with D．proud of
77．A．scene B．memory C．focus D．diet
78．A．harmonious B．digital C．crowded D．self-sufficient
79．A．put aside B．belong to C．consist of D．make up
80．A．natural B．mixed C．historic D．fancy
81．A．animals B．pesticides C．consumers D．conferences
82．A．top B．embarrassing C．global D．questionable
83．A．convenience B．advantage C．protection D．impact
84．A．for fear that B．so that C．because D．although
85．A．However B．In particular C．Therefore D．In addition
86．A．image B．future C．label D．decoration
87．A．emissions B．accidents C．unemployment D．crime
88．A．traditional B．man-made C．renewable D．enough
89．A．result from B．refer to C．contribute to D．benefit from
90．A．desirable B．reliable C．recyclable D．imaginary
【答案】
76．B 77．C 78．D 79．C 80．A 81．B 82．A 83．D 84．C 85．D 86．B 87．A 88．C 89．D 90．A
【来源】上海市徐汇中学2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题（含听力）
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个绿色生态社区的构想，它强调绿色能源和能源效率的重要性，为人民带来福祉。
76．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：对于那些关心自身健康和地球福祉的人来说，购买对环境负责的房产是一项不错的投资。A. ashamed of对……感到羞愧；B. concerned about关心，担忧；C. connected with与……连接；D. proud of以……为骄傲。根据上文“Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible”和下文“their own health and the well-being of the earth”可知，此处指“关心”健康的人。故选B。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基于这一趋势，生态社区的设计以环保为重点。A. scene 现场，场面；B. memory记忆；C. focus重点，关注；D. diet日常饮食。根据“Based on this trend, eco-communities are being designed with a green 2 in mind.”可知，设计的重点为环保。故选C。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一切按计划进行，“码头绿地”将成为不列颠哥伦比亚省首府海滨的一
个自给自足的社区。A. harmonious和谐的；B. digital数字的；C. crowded 拥挤的；D. self-sufficient自给自足的。根据下文“residential, office, and retail space.”可知，这是一个“自给自足的”社区。故选D。
79．考查动词短语辨析。句意：该社区将容纳2500人，包括住宅、办公和零售空间。A. put aside搁置，储蓄；B. belong to属于；C. consist of由……组成；D. make up编造，构成，化妆，和好如初。根据下文“residential, office, and retail space”可知，此处指社区的组成。故选C。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：建筑材料，如油漆和木材，是天然的，无毒的。A. natural自然的；B. mixed混合的；C. historic历史的；D. fancy华丽的。根据下文“non-poisonous”可知，建筑材料是“天然的”。故选A。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有环保意识的建筑商尽可能使用竹子，因为竹子生长速度快，而且不需要杀虫剂。A. animals动物；B. pesticides农药；C. consumers消费者；D. conferences会议。根据上文“non-poisonous”可知，竹子生长不需要农药。故选B。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：能源效率是Dockside Green等生态社区最关心的问题之一。A. top顶部的，最高的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. global全球的；D. questionable可疑的，不确定的。根据“in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green.”可知，生态社区最关心的问题之一是能源效率。故选A。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：节能电器和灯具不仅减少了供暖和热水对环境的影响，而且还为居民和企业主节省了资金。A. convenience方便，便利；B. advantage 优势；C. protection保护；D. impact撞击，冲击力。根据下文“of heating and hot water, but they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that homeowners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada.”并结合常识可知，节能电器能减少供暖和热水对环境产生了影响。故选D。
84．考查原因状语从句。句意：居民们将拥有独立的水表，因为研究表明，当人们按照自己的用水量收费时，他们可以节省大约20%的能源。A. for fear that以免，生怕；B. so that为了……；C. because因为；D. although尽管。根据“ studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use.”可知，该句是复合句，含because引导的原因状语从句。故选C。
85．考查短语辨析。句意：此外，水经码头绿化处理后再用于冲厕所。A. However然而；B. In particular特别地；C. Therefore因此；D. In addition另外，此外。根据上文“Residents will have individual water metres (水表)”和下文“water is treated at Dockside Green and reused for flushing toilets.”可知，设空处表示一种递进关系，意为“另外，此外”。故选D。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像Dockside Green这样的生态社区的规划者必须考虑到未来。A. image形象；B. future未来；C. label标签；D. decoration装饰。根据下文“They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs.”可知，规划者要考虑“未来”。故选B。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是减少排放的好方法。A. emissions排放；B. accidents事故；C. unemployment失业；D. crime罪，犯罪。根据上文的“People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint.”可知，此处指减少二氧化碳的排放。故选A。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，一个高科技供暖系统的计划正在进行中，该系统将使用可再生能源代替化石燃料。A. traditional传统的；B. man-made人造的；C. renewable可再生的，可延期的；D. enough足够的。根据“instead of fossil fuels.”可知，这里指利用“再生资源”代替化石原料。故选C。
89．考查动词短语辨析。句意：码头居民将受益于优质的当地服务，包括社区中心的高质量医疗保健、购物和教育，以及一流的休闲设施和丰富的绿色开放空间。A. result from起因是；B. refer to提到，谈到，涉及，参考；C. contribute to有助于，促成；D. benefit from从中获益。根据下文“excellent local services with high-quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent leisure facilities and plentiful green open spaces.”可知，居民从优质服务中“获益”。故选D。
90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生态社区将更倾向于使用本地采购的商品和服务;它们将是理想的居住地，促进公民自豪感、责任感，以及顾名思义的社区意识。A. desirable令人人向往的；B. reliable可靠的；C. recyclable可回收利用的；D. imaginary想象的，虚构的。根据下文“promoting a sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community”可知，这是令人向往的居住地。故选A。
完形填空07
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Working long hours poses an occupational health risk that kills hundreds of thousands of people each year,” the World Health Organization says.
People working 55 or more hours each week face a(n) 91 35% higher risk of a stroke and a 17% higher risk of dying from heart disease, 92 to people following the widely accepted standard of working 35 to 40 hours in a week, the WHO says in a study that was published in the journal Environmental International.
“No job is 93 the risk of a stroke or heart disease,” WHO Director — General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, 94 governments, businesses and workers to find ways to protect workers’ health.
The global study, which the WHO calls the first of its kind, found that in 2016, 488 million people were 95 to the risks of working long hours. In all, more than 745,000 people died that year from overwork that resulted in stroke and heart disease, according to the WHO.
“Between 2000 and 2016, the number of deaths from heart disease 96 working long hours increased by 42%, and from stroke by 19%,” the WHO said as it announced the study, which it conducted with the International Labour Organization.
The study found the highest health 97 from overwork in men and in workers who are middle-aged or older. Regionally, people in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region had the 98 exposure to the risk. People in Europe had the lowest exposure. In the US, less than 5% of the population is exposed to long working hours, according to a map the WHO published with the study. That proportion is 99 to Brazil and Canada — and much lower than Mexico and in countries across most of Central and South America.
Several steps could help 100 the burden on the workers, the study states, including governments’
adopting and enforcing 101 standards on working time. The authors also say employers should be more flexible in scheduling, and to 102 their employees on a maximum number of working hours. In another step, the study 103 workers arrange to share hours, so no one is working 55 or more hours in a week.
To compile (编写) the report, researchers reviewed and 104 dozens of studies on heart disease and stroke. They then estimated workers’ health risks based on data drawn from a number of sources, 105 more than 2,300 surveys on working hours that were conducted in 154 countries from the 1970s through 2018.
91．A．actual B．precise C．accurate D．estimated
92．A．compared B．relevant C．related D．referred
93．A．causing B．worth C．taking D．avoiding
94．A．calling in B．calling up C．calling on D．calling at
95．A．supposed B．exposed C．tied D．forced
96．A．instead of B．resulted in C．due to D．lead to
97．A．burdens B．benefits C．levels D．tests
98．A．best B．worst C．least D．most
99．A．similar B．likely C．helpful D．common
100．A．add B．increase C．ease D．share
101．A．living B．labour C．quality D．technical
102．A．agree on B．agree to C．agree up D．agree with
103．A．adopts B．suggests C．describes D．assists
104．A．argued B．insisted C．analyzed D．maintained
105．A．including B．conducting C．composing D．solving
【答案】
91．D 92．A 93．B 94．C 95．B 96．C 97．A 98．D 99．A 100．C 101．B 102．D 103．B 104．C 105．A
【来源】上海市东华大学附属奉贤致远中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明长时间工作造成职业健康风险，每年导致数十万人死亡。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界卫生组织在发表在《国际环境》杂志上的一项研究中说，每周工作55个小时或更长时间的人患中风的风险比遵循被广泛接受的每周工作35至40小时标准的人高35%，死于心脏病的风险高17%。A. actual实际的；B. precise精确的；C. accurate准确的；D. estimated估计的。根据最后一段中“They then estimated workers’ health risks based on data drawn from a number of sources”可知，研究中
的数据是估计的。故选D项。
92．考查形容词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：同上。A. compared比较的；B. relevant相关的；C. related相关的，有联系的；D. referred涉及到的。根据前文“People working 55 or more hours each week”和后文“to people following the widely accepted standard of working 35 to 40 hours in a week”可知，此处用每周工作35至40小时的人和每周工作55个小时或更长时间的人作比较。故选A项。
93．考查现在分词（形容词）词义辨析。句意：世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士说：“任何工作都不值得冒中风或心脏病的风险。”他呼吁各国政府、企业和工人找到保护工人健康的方法。A. causing引起；B. worth值得；C. taking拿走；D. avoiding避免。根据常识和后文“ 4 governments, businesses and workers to find ways to protect workers’ health”可知，他认为任何工作都不值得冒生病的风险。故选B项。
94．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. calling in招来；B. calling up给……打电话；C. calling on呼吁，号召，拜访；D. calling at短暂访问。根据后文“governments, businesses and workers to find ways to protect workers’ health”可知，他呼吁各界保护工人健康。故选C项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织称，这项全球研究是首次进行此类研究，研究发现，2016年，有4.88亿人面临长时间工作的风险。A. supposed假设的，应当；B. exposed被暴露；C. tied被捆绑；D. forced被迫。根据后文“to the risks of working long hours”可知，许多人面临长时间工作的风险，be exposed to意为“暴露于，面临”。故选B项。
96．考查介词短语辨析。句意：世界卫生组织在宣布这项与国际劳工组织合作开展的研究时表示：“2000年至2016年期间，因长时间工作导致的心脏病死亡人数增加了42%，因中风死亡人数增加了19%。”A. instead of代替，而不是；B. resulted in结果是，导致；C. due to由于；D. lead to导致。后文“working long hours”是前文“deaths from heart disease”的原因，因为长时间工作而导致心脏病死亡。故选C项。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，过度工作给男性和中老年员工带来的健康负担最重。A. burdens负担；B. benefits益处；C. levels水平；D. tests测试。根据前文“from overwork”可知，过度的工作会带来健康负担。故选A项。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从地区来看，东南亚和西太平洋地区的人面临的风险最大。A. best最好的；B. worst最坏的；C. least最少的；D. most最多的。根据后文“People in Europe had the lowest exposure.”等内容可知，欧洲所面临的风险最小，东南亚和西太平洋地区人面临风险最大。故选D项。
99．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一比例与巴西和加拿大相似，远低于墨西哥以及中美洲和南美洲大部分国家。A. similar相似的；B. likely可能的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. common普通的。根据前文分析和后文“and much lower than Mexico and in countries across most of Central and South America”可知，美国的长时间工作的人的比例和巴西、加拿大是相似的。故选A项。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究指出，有几个步骤可以帮助减轻工人的负担，包括政府采用和执行工作时间的劳动标准。A. add添加；B. increase增加；C. ease缓解；D. share分享。根据前文分析和后文“the burden on the workers”及“including governments’ adopting and enforcing 11 standards on working time”可知，
为了健康，要帮助减轻工人的劳动负担。故选C项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. living谋生；B. labour劳动；C. quality质量；D. technical技术性的。根据前文“Several steps could help 10 the burden on the workers”可知，此处建议：政府执行工作时间的劳动标准，减轻工人劳动负担。故选B项。
102．考查动词短语辨析。句意：作者还表示，雇主应该在工作时间安排上更加灵活，并在最大工作时间上与员工达成一致。A. agree on商定（同意）某事或商定做某事；B. agree to同意，赞成；C. agree up同意；D. agree with与某人（某观点）一致。根据后文“their employees”可知，此处表示与员工达成一致。故选D项。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，该研究还建议员工安排共享工作时间，这样就不会有人每周工作55个小时以上。A. adopts采用；B. suggests建议，表明；C. describes描述；D. assists帮助。根据后文“workers arrange to share hours, so no one is working 55 or more hours in a week”可知，这是该项研究的建议。故选B项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了编写这份报告，研究人员回顾并分析了数十项关于心脏病和中风的研究。A. argued争论；B. insisted坚持说，坚决要求；C. analyzed分析；D. maintained维护。根据前文“To compile(编写) the report”和后文“dozens of studies on heart disease and stroke”可知，研究人员为了编写这份报告分析了数十项研究数据。故选C项。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们根据从多个来源获得的数据，包括从20世纪70年代到2018年在154个国家进行的2300多项工作时间调查，估计了工人的健康风险。A. including包括；B. conducting指挥；C. composing组成，创作；D. solving解决。根据后文“more than 2,300 surveys on working hours that were conducted in 154 countries from the 1970s through 2018”可知，这些数据包括后文所列的调查。故选A项。
完形填空08
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Globalization Is Causing the Death of Minority Languages
As the world becomes more connected, language diversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Forty percent of the world’s 7,000 languages in 106 are at risk of disappearing, according to estimates by the Endangered Languages Project. That trend is 107 linked to economic globalization, as suggested by a new report published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
“The dominating effect of a single socioeconomic factor, GDP per capita (人均), on speaker growth rate suggests that economic growth and globalization are 108 drivers of recent language speaker declines (mainly since the 1970s onwards), through political and educational developments,” the researchers conclude in their report.
Actually, the impact of global economies on language 109 has been an argument that goes all the way back to the 1970s, when Herbert Schiller proposed the hotly debated theory of “cultural imperialism”, which
suggested economically powerful nations hold huge cultural 110 over the weaker countries they influence.
However, such impact has never been fully 111 until now, according to researchers. In the study, the researchers first established a set of 112 languages, based on several factors: small speaker population sizes, rapid declines in speaker numbers, and a small geographic 113 . After dealing with the numbers by using data selected from the Ethnologue, an authoritative source for basic information about the world’s languages, the researchers concluded that 25 percent of the world’s languages are under immediate 114 of disappearing forever.
Threatened languages were numerous in highly economically developed regions, like northwestern North America, northern Europe, and eastern Asia. 115 they explored relationships between the danger of extinction and multiple environmental factors, including rainfall and temperature, GDP per capita was the factor most tightly correlating with at-risk languages.
Of course, there are factors 116 GDP that play a role in the disappearance of minority languages. According to UNESCO, languages are also 117 with external forces such as military, religious, cultural or educational subiugation (征服), or by 118 forces such as a community’s negative attitude towards its own language. 119 , even the internet has been linked to the extinction of little-spoken tongues by creating a digital 120 that locks out some groups and give advantages to others (and their languages).
106．A．reality B．stock C．use D．need
107．A．to a great extent B．at that time C．in this way D．in the end
108．A．official B．major C．complete D．cultural
109．A．difference B．familiarity C．similarity D．diversity
110．A．dominance B．ruling C．preference D．spread
111．A．globalized B．furthered C．quantified D．communicated
112．A．endangered B．extinct C．fluent D．native
113．A．development B．feature C．gap D．range
114．A．pressure B．control C．law D．threat
115．A．Once B．While C．As D．Because
116．A．apart from B．as to C．on behalf of D．in terms of
117．A．halved B．associated C．threatened D．replaced
118．A．definite B．local C．double D．internal
119．A．Somehow B．Moreover C．Comparatively D．Therefore
120．A．divide B．device C．clip D．trade
【答案】
106．C 107．A 108．B 109．D 110．A 111．C 112．A 113．D 114．D
115．B 116．A 117．C 118．B 119．B 120．A
【来源】上海市进才中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，世界上使用中的语言因各种因素正在面临着消失的危险。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据濒危语言项目的估计，世界上7000种正在使用的语言中有40%有消失的风险。A. reality现实；B. stock库存；C. use使用；D. need需要。根据下文“are at risk of disappearing（正面临着消失的危险）”可知，这里说的是在使用中的语言，故选择C项。
107．考查短语词义辨析。句意：正如发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一份新报告所表明的那样，这一趋势在很大程度上与经济全球化有关。A. to a great extent在很大程度上；B. at that time那时；C. in this way用这种方法；D. in the end最后。结合句意可知，语言的消失在很多大程度上与经济全球化有关，to a great extent“在很大程度上”，符合题意，故选择A项。
108．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：单一社会经济因素的主导效应，人均GDP(人均), 研究人员在报告中总结道：“关于语言增长率的研究表明，经济增长和全球化是最近（主要是自20世纪70年代以来）通过政治和教育发展导致语言水平下降的主要驱动因素。A. official官方的；B. major主要的；C. complete完全的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文的“economic growth and globalization（经济增长与全球化）”可知，这两者是语言水平下降的主要驱动因素，故选择B项。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，全球经济对语言多样性的影响一直是一个可以追溯到20世纪70年代的论点，当时赫伯特·席勒提出了备受争议的“文化帝国主义”理论，该理论认为经济强国对其影响力较弱的国家拥有巨大的文化主导地位。A. difference不同；B. familiarity熟悉；C. similarity相似性；D. diversit多样性。根据第一段中“As the world becomes more connected, language diversity is declining at an unprecedented rate.（随着世界的联系越来越紧密，语言多样性正在以前所未有的速度下降。）”可知，这里2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考点大串讲（上海）
专题05 完形填空精选10篇
（解析版）
完形填空01
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Warning: Don’t make big decisions from high elevations
You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. But who could have thought our decisions are literally influenced by altitude
As in, what floor you happen to be on when considering something. If it’s a high elevation, like the top floor of an office tower, chances are you’ll embrace 1 a little more than you would on the ground floor, according to researchers from Miami University. The study, published this month in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, suggests you may want a(n) 2 advisor to work from a ground-floor office rather than the top floor. And it gives new, literal 3 to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions. “When you increase elevation, there is a(n) 4 effect on the sense of power,” lead author Sina Esteky, PhD, noted in a release. “This heighted feeling of power 5 in more risk-seeking behavior.”
For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building. They found the 6 of the elevator strongly influenced the level of risk-aversion among participants. They were more likely, 7 , to take more gambles on the way to the 74th floor—but their decisions became far more grounded as they neared, well, the ground.
Another experiment 8 people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building. Each group was asked to make 10 decisions of 9 risk levels. Guess which group made the most risky decisions What was it about higher elevations that made the participants feel braver Researchers theorized it could have something to do with the perception that elevation gives people a(n) 10 of power and authority.
Risk seems a lot smaller when seen from above — literally. That idea seemed to hold 11 in further experiments. When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect 12 disappeared. Likewise, “elevation effect” wasn’t a factor for people mired in cubicles (困在隔间里) who couldn’t see how high up they were.
“The important lesson is that when people become aware of the 13 impact of elevation, it doesn’t happen anymore,” Esteky says. ‘The brain is very sensitive to subtle 14 factors, but also really good at correcting for such effects, so 15 can help us be more rational in our decisions.”
1．A．function B．risk C．process D．sense
2．A．crucial B．social C．financial D．economical
3．A．emphasis B．conflict C．power D．pressure
4．A．subconscious B．aware C．unconscious D．conscientious
5．A．takes B．results C．leads D．comes
6．A．field B．respect C．direction D．period
7．A．in general B．by contrast C．in conclusion D．for instance
8．A．resulted in B．concerned with C．accounted for D．taken over
9．A．increasing B．rising C．varying D．decreasing
10．A．sense B．change C．difference D．impression
11．A．deliberate B．delicate C．real D．true
12．A．fortunately B．completely C．mostly D．barely
13．A．potential B．huge C．extra D．eager
14．A．temporary B．past C．seasonal D．situational
15．A．discipline B．satisfaction C．awareness D．confidence
完形填空02
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Why is setting goals important Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life. 16 just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful people 17 how their life should be and set lots of goals. By setting goals you are 18 your life. It’s like having a 19 to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are 20 drivers. One has a destination in mind (her goal) which can be found on a map. She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong turns. 21 driver has no goals or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, 22 she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just 23 gas. Of the two drivers, which driver do you want to be
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making 24 and setting goals. 25 people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set — and they aren’t difficult to reach. It’s up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are the one who must 26 what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more 27 to achieve it. Written goals can be 28 regularly, and have more power. Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also 29 you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously 30 situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
16．A．Because of B．Instead of C．In spite of D．In addition to
17．A．imagine B．discuss C．experience D．show
18．A．going on with B．taking control of C．getting along with D．taking advantage of
19．A．guide B．friend C．map D．sign
20．A．two B．three C．bad D．good
21．A．Other B．Another C．The other D．Second
22．A．or B．for C．but D．so
23．A．thinking of B．using up C．turning off D．paying to
24．A．plans B．money C．friends D．maps
25．A．Lucky B．Young C．Universal D．Unsuccessful
26．A．practise B．change C．admit D．decide
27．A．willing B．anxious C．likely D．clever
28．A．improved B．reviewed C．set D．reached
29．A．although B．until C．when D．unless
30．A．aware of B．worried about C．familiar with D．accustomed to
完形填空03
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
China’s booming ready-meals industry shows how pre-cooked food options are here to stay
The growing popularity of pre-cooked food in China-also known as the ready-meals industry-has made it a capital darling (宠儿).
In the world’s second-largest economy, the market for pre-prepared dishes has been mainly driven by food-selling companies. But a shift from 31 to family dining tables in the past two years, has rapidly brought pre-made food to the mass consumer market.
Deloitte’s consumer goods and retail industry head, Zhang Tianbing, now says China’s pre-prepared food market looks to have a(n) 32 future, with the business becoming more mature, 33 the general consumer market is still in the process of entering ordinary people’s life. “Pre-prepared dishes meet the preferences of a new generation of consumers for healthier and a wider 34 of meals,” Zhang said.
According to the report, China’s pre-prepared dishes market 35 about 550 billion yuan in 2021, with an expected compound annual growth rate of 13 per cent over the next 5 years, which suggests that the pre-made food market is more 36 this year than during the first two years of the pandemic.
As of June 37 , there were more than 66,000 domestic pre-cook-related enterprises, of which more than 1,020 were newly registered this year.
As a new capital darling, the pre-cooking industry is attracting cross-sector investment from companies outside the 38 industry. In Zhuhai, the local government is preparing to build a vegetable industrial park, which will cover all aspects of the pre-made-food industrial chain, from raw materials (原材料) and production to 39 and sales.
Yin Ping, the mother of a junior high school student, bought several boxes of pre-prepared dishes online last month and was 40 the convenience and taste of the products. A dish that can be made in five minutes by simply throwing the ingredients into a pan is so convenient for me in the summer since I 41 make every effort to make yummy meals for the kids in a hot kitchen,“ Yin said.
However, the quality of pre-made dishes in the market remains uneven, as problems are 42 the lack of detailed labelling on such products, as well as difficulties in logistics and distribution. 43 , the issue of restaurants using pre-made dishes without telling diners was included among the top complaints. For those who 44 food safety, without advance notice, the use of pre-prepared dishes by restaurants to replace those prepared on-site by a chef was harmful to consumers’ rights to information and choice.
With the rapid development of the pre-cooking market, it turns out that relevant regulations 45 in terms of promoting industry standardization.
31．A．factories B．restaurants C．schools D．farms
32．A．brilliant B．uncertain C．unique D．influential
33．A．so B．because of C．in spite of D．while
34．A．application B．change C．variety D．gap
35．A．generated B．wasted C．assumed D．lost
36．A．suitable B．possible C．valuable D．profitable
37．A．along B．alone C．around D．apart
38．A．transport B．registration C．food D．construction
39．A．recycling B．packaging C．developing D．purchasing
40．A．alive with B．neighbours with C．charged with D．delighted with
41．A．am used to B．used to C．have used to D．had used to
42．A．related to B．reminded of C．supposed to D．surrounded by
43．A．Instead B．What’s more C．Therefore D．However
44．A．think about B．break up C．care about D．care for
45．A．need B．require C．refer D．matter
完形填空04
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The secrets of long life
A long healthy life is no accident. It begins with good genes, but it also depends on good 46 . So what’s the formula for success In a recent study, scientists have focused on groups living in several regions where exceptional longevity is the normal: Sardinia, Italy, Loma Linda, California, and the islands of Okinawa, Japan.
Sardinians
Why do they live so long 47 is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, chopped wood and walked four miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day’s first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, around the kitchen table. Giovanna, his wife, unties a handkerchief containing a paper-thin flatbread called carta da musica, pours some red wine, and cut slices of homemade cheese.
These Sardinians also benefit from their 48 history. According to Paolo Francalacci of the University of Sassari, 80 percent of them are 49 the first Sardinians, who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago. Genetic traits made stronger over generations may favor longevity. 50 , too, is a factor. The Sardinians diet is loaded with fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, fish and wine. Most of these items are homegrown.
Adventists
The study found that the Adventists’ habit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and other fruits 51 their risk of developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole wheat bread, drinking five glasses of water a day, and, most 52 , consuming four servings of nuts a week reduced their risk of heart disease. And it found that not eating red meat had been helpful in avoiding both cancer and heart disease.
Okinawans
The first thing you notice about Ushi Okushima is her 53 . It fills the room with pure joy. This rainy afternoon she sits comfortably wrapped in a blue kimono. Her thick hair is combed back from her suntanned face, revealing alert green eyes. Not long ago, she started wearing perfume. When asked about the perfume, she 54 that she has a new boyfriend. 55 behavior for a young woman, perhaps, but Ushi is 103.
With an average life expectancy of 78 years for men and 86 years for women, Okinawans are among the world’s longest lived people. This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawans warm and 56 climate and scenic beauty. Senior citizens living in these islands tend to enjoy years 57 disabilities. Okinawans have very low rates of cancer and heart disease compared to American seniors.
A lean diet of food grown on the island and a philosophy of 58 — may also be a factor. “eat until your stomach is 80 percent full.” may also be factors. Ironically, this healthy way of eating was born of 59 . Ushi Okushima grew up barefoot and poor, her family grew sweet potatoes, which formed the core of every meal. During World War II, when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friend Setsuko fled to the center of the island with their children. “We 60 terrible hunger,” Setsuko recalls.
46．A．habits B．parents C．efforts D．secrets
47．A．Companion B．Lifestyle C．Environment D．Birthplace
48．A．unique B．fantastic C．genetic D．religious
49．A．curious about B．connected with C．fond of D．senior to
50．A．Inheritance B．Gene C．Nutrition D．Peace
51．A．accepted B．evaluated C．increased D．lowered
52．A．surprisingly B．originally C．unexpectedly D．miserably
53．A．dressing B．identification C．laugh D．expression
54．A．proposes B．assumes C．jokes D．denies
55．A．Aggressive B．Violent C．Disorderly D．Predictable
56．A．changing B．inviting C．extreme D．tropical
57．A．suffering from B．overcoming C．free from D．recovering
58．A．moderation B．feasibility C．evolution D．identification
59．A．wealth B．hardship C．orphan D．harmony
60．A．died of B．satisfied C．experienced D．kept off
完形填空05
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeii’s emergence as a dark 61 . Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Coliseum to be one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18th century, the appeal was 62 still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the 63 , which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.
It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism’ entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow 64 it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F. Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism identify plenty of 65 for the growing phenomenon, including raised awareness of it as a(n) 66 thing. Access to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap 67 travel. It’s hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its 68 to Krakow’s international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also 69 the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people don’t want mainstream tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more 70 history than, say, a Roman ruin,” he says. “You go to Sarajevo (萨拉热窝) and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one’s own life story.”
Auschwitz-Birkenau Marble Arch
Hohenhaus is also a fan of ‘beauty in 71 ’, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The crossover (交叉风格) with death is clear. “I’ve always been drawn to 72 things, “the 54-year-old says. Nevertheless, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational, the example of Grenfell Tower (many “tourists” flooded to a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) hints at the 73 felt at some sites. “I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ago and one of the 74 was ‘pay due respect’,” Hohenhaus says. “It’s big, it’s dramatic, it’s black and it’s a story you’ve followed in the news. I’ll be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the attraction. But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie 75 .”
61．A．opportunity B．secret C．attraction D．memory
62．A．fancier B．harsher C．likelier D．further
63．A．site B．relic C．memorial D．range
64．A．assigned B．charted C．applied D．processed
65．A．motivations B．obstacles C．purposes D．reasons
66．A．identifiable B．creative C．unrecognizable D．practical
67．A．rail B．coach C．pedestrian D．air
68．A．shortcut B．resemblance C．nearness D．relevance
69．A．relates to B．points to C．signals to D．translates to
70．A．distant B．ancient C．recent D．recorded
71．A．disgust B．decay C．disbelief D．doubt
72．A．beautiful B．contemporary C．urban D．ruined
73．A．amazement B．unease C．pressure D．panic
74．A．limitations B．obstacles C．goals D．rules
75．A．embarrassedly B．determinedly C．necessarily D．merrily
完形填空06
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in
each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are 76 their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, eco-communities are being designed with a green 77 in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.
If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a 78 community along the harbor front of British Columbia’s capital city. The community will be home to 2,500 people and will 79 residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation (通风), and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials, such as paints and wood, are 80 and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require 81 to grow.
Energy efficiency is one of the 82 concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures (照明设备) reduce the environmental 83 of heating and hot water, but they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that homeowners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres (水表) 84 studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. 85 , water is treated at Dockside Green and reused for flushing toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the 86 into consideration. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce 87 .
Dockside residents will be encouraged to take advantage of a mini transport system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are underway for a high-tech heating system that will use 88 energy instead of fossil fuels.
Dockside residents will 89 excellent local services with high-quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent leisure facilities and plentiful green open spaces. Eco-communities will prefer the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be 90 places to live, promoting a sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.
76．A．ashamed of B．concerned about C．connected with D．proud of
77．A．scene B．memory C．focus D．diet
78．A．harmonious B．digital C．crowded D．self-sufficient
79．A．put aside B．belong to C．consist of D．make up
80．A．natural B．mixed C．historic D．fancy
81．A．animals B．pesticides C．consumers D．conferences
82．A．top B．embarrassing C．global D．questionable
83．A．convenience B．advantage C．protection D．impact
84．A．for fear that B．so that C．because D．although
85．A．However B．In particular C．Therefore D．In addition
86．A．image B．future C．label D．decoration
87．A．emissions B．accidents C．unemployment D．crime
88．A．traditional B．man-made C．renewable D．enough
89．A．result from B．refer to C．contribute to D．benefit from
90．A．desirable B．reliable C．recyclable D．imaginary
完形填空07
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Working long hours poses an occupational health risk that kills hundreds of thousands of people each year,” the World Health Organization says.
People working 55 or more hours each week face a(n) 91 35% higher risk of a stroke and a 17% higher risk of dying from heart disease, 92 to people following the widely accepted standard of working 35 to 40 hours in a week, the WHO says in a study that was published in the journal Environmental International.
“No job is 93 the risk of a stroke or heart disease,” WHO Director — General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, 94 governments, businesses and workers to find ways to protect workers’ health.
The global study, which the WHO calls the first of its kind, found that in 2016, 488 million people were 95 to the risks of working long hours. In all, more than 745,000 people died that year from overwork that resulted in stroke and heart disease, according to the WHO.
“Between 2000 and 2016, the number of deaths from heart disease 96 working long hours increased by 42%, and from stroke by 19%,” the WHO said as it announced the study, which it conducted with the International Labour Organization.
The study found the highest health 97 from overwork in men and in workers who are middle-aged or older. Regionally, people in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region had the 98 exposure to the risk. People in Europe had the lowest exposure. In the US, less than 5% of the population is exposed to long working hours, according to a map the WHO published with the study. That proportion is 99 to Brazil and Canada — and much lower than Mexico and in countries across most of Central and South America.
Several steps could help 100 the burden on the workers, the study states, including governments’ adopting and enforcing 101 standards on working time. The authors also say employers should be more flexible in scheduling, and to 102 their employees on a maximum number of working hours. In another step, the study 103 workers arrange to share hours, so no one is working 55 or more hours in a week.
To compile (编写) the report, researchers reviewed and 104 dozens of studies on heart disease and stroke. They then estimated workers’ health risks based on data drawn from a number of sources, 105
more than 2,300 surveys on working hours that were conducted in 154 countries from the 1970s through 2018.
91．A．actual B．precise C．accurate D．estimated
92．A．compared B．relevant C．related D．referred
93．A．causing B．worth C．taking D．avoiding
94．A．calling in B．calling up C．calling on D．calling at
95．A．supposed B．exposed C．tied D．forced
96．A．instead of B．resulted in C．due to D．lead to
97．A．burdens B．benefits C．levels D．tests
98．A．best B．worst C．least D．most
99．A．similar B．likely C．helpful D．common
100．A．add B．increase C．ease D．share
101．A．living B．labour C．quality D．technical
102．A．agree on B．agree to C．agree up D．agree with
103．A．adopts B．suggests C．describes D．assists
104．A．argued B．insisted C．analyzed D．maintained
105．A．including B．conducting C．composing D．solving
完形填空08
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Globalization Is Causing the Death of Minority Languages
As the world becomes more connected, language diversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Forty percent of the world’s 7,000 languages in 106 are at risk of disappearing, according to estimates by the Endangered Languages Project. That trend is 107 linked to economic globalization, as suggested by a new report published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
“The dominating effect of a single socioeconomic factor, GDP per capita (人均), on speaker growth rate suggests that economic growth and globalization are 108 drivers of recent language speaker declines (mainly since the 1970s onwards), through political and educational developments,” the researchers conclude in their report.
Actually, the impact of global economies on language 109 has been an argument that goes all the way back to the 1970s, when Herbert Schiller proposed the hotly debated theory of “cultural imperialism”, which suggested economically powerful nations hold huge cultural 110 over the weaker countries they influence.
However, such impact has never been fully 111 until now, according to researchers. In the study, the researchers first established a set of 112 languages, based on several factors: small speaker population sizes,
rapid declines in speaker numbers, and a small geographic 113 . After dealing with the numbers by using data selected from the Ethnologue, an authoritative source for basic information about the world’s languages, the researchers concluded that 25 percent of the world’s languages are under immediate 114 of disappearing forever.
Threatened languages were numerous in highly economically developed regions, like northwestern North America, northern Europe, and eastern Asia. 115 they explored relationships between the danger of extinction and multiple environmental factors, including rainfall and temperature, GDP per capita was the factor most tightly correlating with at-risk languages.
Of course, there are factors 116 GDP that play a role in the disappearance of minority languages. According to UNESCO, languages are also 117 with external forces such as military, religious, cultural or educational subiugation (征服), or by 118 forces such as a community’s negative attitude towards its own language. 119 , even the internet has been linked to the extinction of little-spoken tongues by creating a digital 120 that locks out some groups and give advantages to others (and their languages).
106．A．reality B．stock C．use D．need
107．A．to a great extent B．at that time C．in this way D．in the end
108．A．official B．major C．complete D．cultural
109．A．difference B．familiarity C．similarity D．diversity
110．A．dominance B．ruling C．preference D．spread
111．A．globalized B．furthered C．quantified D．communicated
112．A．endangered B．extinct C．fluent D．native
113．A．development B．feature C．gap D．range
114．A．pressure B．control C．law D．threat
115．A．Once B．While C．As D．Because
116．A．apart from B．as to C．on behalf of D．in terms of
117．A．halved B．associated C．threatened D．replaced
118．A．definite B．local C．double D．internal
119．A．Somehow B．Moreover C．Comparatively D．Therefore
120．A．divide B．device C．clip D．trade
完形填空09
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Is global warming killing the Maldives
The Maldives is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. Every year, millions of 121 go there to
enjoy the wonderful 122 . And in recent years, more and more people would like to visit it, why Because the little island country is 123 . If global warming 124 , say scientists, the country will go 125 into the ocean within 100 years. That means the Maldives might have 126 by 2100.
The Maldives lies in the Indian Ocean. It is the 127 country on earth—its highest point is only 2.4m above sea level. 128 greenhouse gas emissions(排放), sea levels will 129 between 9cm and 88cm by 2100. If scientists are 130 , most of the Maldives will be covered with water in years.
Last October, Maldivian President Mohamed Nasheed and his cabinet(内阁)held the world’s first underwater cabinet meeting to make the world 131 the terrible consequence from global warming to their own country. In December, he 132 at the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference(大会) in Copenhagen, trying to ask for 133 from the world for his country. The president even has a 134 to buy a new homeland and move his country and people to a new place.
The Moldavian government has been doing all to fight the 135 . But the fate of the islands is in the world’s hands. No one wants to see this little island country disappear from the world.
121．A．scientists B．tourists C．presidents D．doctors
122．A．freedom B．technology C．food D．view
123．A．in trouble B．for ever C．as usual D．all right
124．A．disappears B．happens C．misses D．continues
125．A．down B．up C．above D．far
126．A．signaled B．confused C．disappeared D．torn
127．A．highest B．high C．lowest D．low
128．A．Instead of B．Because of C．With the help of D．Thanks for
129．A．raise B．improve C．lift D．rise
130．A．wrong B．correct C．helpful D．dangerous
131．A．get B．guess C．realize D．expect
132．A．served B．spoke C．worked D．sang
133．A．help B．plans C．problems D．talents
134．A．task B．problem C．plan D．notice
135．A．tourists B．place C．island D．sea
完形填空10
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Sadly, for too few schools make science attractive. Textbooks are as dull as dictionaries. As a result, too many
children think that science is only for people as clever as Einstein.
But actually children start out as 136 scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no 137 for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s 138 . Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about 139 ”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand. “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) 140 When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why ” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults 141 wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your 142 . Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t 143 with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick 144 can signal that discussion is over. 145 , keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never 146 a child to “Think”. It doesn’t 147 . Children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a 148 . The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. 149 impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. 150 saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
136．A．clever B．natural C．professional D．determined
137．A．vision B．need C．desire D．excuse
138．A．curiosity B．fun C．experience D．success
139．A．creatures B．environment C．science D．textbooks
140．A．fight B．fly C．breed D．eat
141．A．typically B．hardly C．purposefully D．originally
142．A．behavior B．language C．tone D．signal
143．A．end up B．jump in C．start out D．go on
144．A．interaction B．decision C．reaction D．praise
145．A．Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However
146．A．push B．expect C．allow D．forbid
147．A．make sense B．take place C．make a difference D．work wonders
148．A．debate B．challenge C．performance D．headache
149．A．Accurate B．Objective C．Deep-rooted D．Real-life
150．A．In spite of B．As a result of C．Instead of D．Apart from
