2025届高考英语一轮复习：定语从句课件(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
高考英语语法
Relative clause
定语从句
形容词
数词、名词
动词不定式
副词
The boy there is my little brother.
介词短语
He is always the first to enter the classroom.
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
Guilin is a beautiful city.
China is a developing country.
There are thirty women teachers in our school.
定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子，名词、代词、形容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
定语从句
The girl who is smiling is my sister.
V-ing形式
He is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that
where, when, why
定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
that 在从句中作主语,宾语或表语，指人或物。
which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
(主语)
(宾语)
(主语)
(宾语)
3. Shenzhen is not the city that it used to be.
4. They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
5. The fish (which )we bought were not fresh.
(表语)
1.1 关系代词that, which
who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。
(主语)
(宾语)
(宾语)
1.2 关系代词who, whom
1. The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
2. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.
3. Mr. Read is the professor whom I met yesterday.
whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。
1. Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn’t been handed in.
2. This is the book whose cover is blue.
1.3 关系代词whose
关系代词 先行词 所作成分 是否可省
that 人/物 主语/宾语 作宾语时可以省略，前有介词时不可省略
which 物 主语/宾语
who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语 不可以省略
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything,
little, much 等不定代词时
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时
关系代词只用that不用which的情况
(5)先行词既有人又有物时
Which is the book that you bought last week
(6)主句中有疑问词which 或who时
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered .
① People want to listen to someone who is interesting.
② Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
③ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard.
④ Those who break the law are punished.
⑤ He who breaks the law is punished.
1.4 关系代词只用who的情况
⑥The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.
1. 当先行词是指人的代词如he, she, someone, those…时用who.
2. 非限制性定语从句先行词指人时用who.
I had the same experience as you had.
我跟你有相同的经历。（as在从句中做宾语，不可省）
I never heard such stories as he told.
我从未听过他讲的这种故事。（as在从句中做宾语）
Here is so heavy a box as can be lifted by nobody.
这里有一个没人能搬得动的箱子。（as在从句中做主语）
1.5 as引导的定语从句
as引导限制性定语从句：主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
主要结构有：the same…as
as…as
such…as
so…as
as引导非限制性定语从句, 指代整个主句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常译为“正如”
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
As we all know， (As is well known，) 众所周知
As we expected, 正如我们所预料的
As often happens, 正如经常发生的那样
As is often the case, 情况常常如此
As has been said before，如前所述
As may be imagined, 可以想象得出
As has been pointed out, 正如已经指出的那样
As will be shown in… 正如将在…中展示的那样
As is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
1. The way ________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. He managed to achieve his goal in a way___________ was impossible.
3. The way _______________he used was quite simple.
that/which
that/in which/
that/which/
the way 作先行词
1.从句中缺状语，关系词用that, in which或不填。
2.从句中缺宾语用that 、which 或不填。
3.从句中缺主语用that 、which。
1.6 the way 作先行词时的关系词
如何选择关系词：
1. 确定定语从句
2.看先行词是指人还是指物
3. 看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分
4. 确定关系词
The boys ______are playing football are from Class One.
Football is a game ___________is liked by most boys.
who/ that
which/ that
选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。
1. I like the present __________ you've sent to me.
2. The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.
3. This is the most difficult job __________ we've ever done.
4. This is the cleverest man __________ I've ever known.
5. The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famous writer.
6. We talked about the things and persons ________ we saw then.
7. I live in the room _________window faces south.
1. that/which/不填 2. that/who/whom/不填 3. that 4. that 5. who/whom/that/不填 6. that 7. whose
关系副词 先行词 所作成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
1.7关系副词when, where, why
先行词指时间，定语从句中缺时间状语时，用关系副词when
1. I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing.
2. I still remember the year when I joined the Party.
1.7.1 关系副词when
先行词指地点，定语从句中缺地点状语时用关系副词where
This is the house where I lived last year.
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
1.7.2 关系副词where
先行词是reason，从句中缺原因状语时用关系副词why时
This is the reason why the boy was punished.
I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
1.7.3关系副词why
1.7.2 关系副词where
Tips : 当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, scene, occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境且从句中缺状语时用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
Please describe an occasion where you met difficulties.
请描述你所遇到的困境的场景。
2.This is the house where I lived last year.
This is the house.
I lived in the house last year.
1. I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing.
I still remember that day.
I first came to Nanjing on that day.
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
This is the house where(= in which) I lived last year.
3.This is the reason why the boy was punished.
This is the reason why(= for which) the boy was punished.
1.8 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
I still remember the day on which I first came to Nanjing.
This is the house in which I lived last year.
This is the reason for which the boy was punished.
The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
一、基本构成
1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，即：介词+which(指人）/介词+whom（指物）。
（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
（2）This is the house in which I lived last year.
1.8 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义
1. 一先，即根据定语从句中的先行词常用的搭配选择合适的介词。
I never forget the day ________ which I came to this school.
2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词常用的搭配选择合适的介词。
This is the man ________whom I referred.
3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses, ________ which I cannot see clearly.
on
to
without
Do exercises
答案来啦！！！
1.who/that
2.of
3.when
4.where
5.where
6.why
7.whom
8.where
9.which
10.where
11.where
12.where
13.where
My favorite movie
______________________________________________(众所周知，兴趣是最好的老师) In my spare time, I like watching films, ________________________________________________ (这丰富我的生活，开阔我的视野) Today I want to introduce a movie to you, ____________________________(它的名字是美丽人生)
___________________________________________________
______________________________ (我推荐这部电影的原因是它提醒我们
应该乐观，善良)， I will never forget the scene ,________________________________
(那个伟大的父亲即使面临死亡也在对他的孩子微笑) .
As we all know, interest is the best teacher.
which will enrich my life and broaden my horizons.
whose name is Beautiful Life
The reason why I recommend this movie is that it reminds us that we should be optimistic and kind.
where that great father are still smiling to his child in face of death.
1. 什么是定语从句？它有什么作用？
2. 什么是先行词？
3.什么是关系词 ？分为几类？有哪些？
4.定语从句的位置及译法。
5. 什么是限制性定语从句和非限定性定语从句？
1. 概念及作用
2. 先行词
3.关系词及作用
4.位置及译法
5. 类型及区别
在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词的从句叫定语从句
被定语从句所修饰的词。
关系代词 /关系副词 , 引导句子以及子句子中做成分。
先行词 之后，“….的”
限制性定语从句：修饰限定性强，无逗号；
非限制性定语从句：修饰限定性弱，有逗号。