课件32张PPT。基于思维发展的阅读训练课
南京外国语学校 李俊?
Dec.21普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）
英语课程的学习，既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动，逐步掌握英语知识和技能，提高语言实际运用能力的过程；又是他们磨砺意志、陶冶情操、拓展视野、丰富生活经历、开发思维能力、发展个性和提高人文素养的过程。高中英语课程应强调在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上， 着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。
思维能力：运用已有概念进行观察、想象、分析、归纳、综合、推理、探究、创造和评价的能力。 （韩宝成， 2014）通过英语学习得到进一步发展的十种思维能力
当前阅读教学中常见的问题
基于思维发展的阅读训练课常见的活动设计
基于思维发展的阅读训练课要注意的事项 通过英语学习得到进一步发展的十种思维能力 （程晓堂）
1. 观察和发现能力
2. 比较与分析能力
Peter eats apples.
Apples are eaten by Peter.
小李是中国人。中国人很勤劳。3. 逻辑思维能力
The research includes both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Alice in Wonderland
Mad Hatter: Would you like a little more tea?
Alice: Well，I haven’t had any yet, so I can’t very well take more.
Mad Hatter: Yes. You can always take more than nothing.
4. 概念建构能力
desk table pen 5. 信息记忆与转换能力
6. 批判思维能力
Harry faces Eton drugs test.
The president’s dishonesty was frowned on by the majority of Americans.
7. 认识周围世界的能力
computer
microphone8. 时空判断能力
Pormpuraaw 澳大利亚北部土著部落
在你的东南腿上有一只蚊子
请把杯子向西北偏北方向挪动一下。
Last week a ship sank off the coast of Florida.
9. 严密思维能力
Yesterday Peter ate two apples.
10. 创新思维能力
I eat with chairs.
I teach with students.
smilence togayther Stupig wall.e Z-turn democrazy innernet当前阅读教学中常见的问题：
教师引领阅读过多，学生感知和体验不足
学生的自读和理解 谁都不能包办代替 教师是导演
允许学生失败 探究思维能力在不断尝试中2. 教师肢解篇章过度 学生整体理解不足
语篇是语言和思想连贯的一个整体
“教师必须走进文本 站在语篇的高度俯视文本 厘清文章脉路和语篇逻辑 抓住主旨 体会文章要义 然后根据文章的主旨正确理解信息 把握细节信息的附着点”（戴军熔 2012）3. 学生表层理解有余 深层理解不足
表层理解
文字的推断性理解（深层）
创造性理解（文字的批判性）4. 任务设计过于简单 语言运用训练不足
显性 隐性
听说读写的综合运用训练本身就是用英语思维的过程
任务设计的质量决定思维的深度和强度5. 唯语言的阅读
--眼里只有生词、短语、句型和语法点，课文成了配角。
胡春洞：
“讲解以分析语言为主，练习以掌握生词和语法点为目的。”
6、唯活动的阅读
读前铺垫、背景介绍、快速阅读、小组阅读、表格填写、课文复述、角色扮演、班级辩论、读写结合等等，
贪多图全，却不让学生有时间完整阅读和理解课文，从中收获阅读自信和乐趣。
--以分工阅读代替个体阅读
--以角色扮演代替深度理解
--以学生的嘴动、身动代替脑动
张伊娜：
--我们不反对角色扮演，但那必须以学生深度理解文本为前提，既能藉此检测学生对文本的理解，又给学生升华理解提供舞台。
--表演不是机械的背台词，而是学生理解文本/故事的成果和再创造。
--没有内化的产出是虚假繁荣和无谓的自我安慰。
后果--文本被肢解，学生被理解，什么都想做，就是不让学生阅读文本；什么都做了，就是没能培养起学生的阅读兴趣与能力。
--学生习惯浮光掠影、不求甚解；思维缺席，胡乱猜测。
--阅读课无所不包，无所不做，却走的太远，已忘初心！
令人忧心的后果：学生不会阅读。基于思维发展的阅读训练课常见的活动设计
1. 读前创设对话情景，激活学生思维
了解学生 选好课文突破口创设问题 从学生的生活经历和知识储备、作者的写作意图、文章主旨、图画
提取知识 激活思维 为阅读文本做准备2. 抓住文本 读中开展多样的阅读任务 拓展学生思维 培养逻辑思维能力
阅读填空 判断真伪 回答问题 删补语段信息 猜测词义 句子替换 信息编排
行文特点 逻辑关系 文本所蕴含的情感态度价值观
“读中活动形式的灵活性、活动难度的层次性以及学生活动的量和质是有效的语言输入和输出所需要考虑的重要内容” （戴军熔， 2011）3. 读后抓住文本与生活的联系 以读带说 以读促写 发展延伸学生思维 培养创新思维
在理解文本和小组合作讨论基础上分享 倾听 思考 交流 碰撞基于思维发展的阅读训练课要注意的事项：
一个研究
二个回归
三个注重一个研究
研究高考
2013-2015年江苏高考震动和反拨作用
归纳和推理的要求 长难句理解的要求 有效阅读策略的要求 词义猜测和转换的要求
精品旅游路线 （高考真题）二个回归
1、回归阅读
--阅读（一）：一切为了学生的理解；
--阅读（二）：让学生在充分理解课文的基础上观察语言现象，掌握、积累和运用英语语言知识。
2、回归课文
--引导学生在课文这个具体的语言环境中观察、感悟和学习目标语言的形式、意义、功能与运用；
--阅读后的语言练习与运用聚焦于课文中的语言项目，并依托或借助课文内容练习和使用目标语言。
三个注重
1. 注重语篇层次的教学
--注重培养学生在阅读过程中整体把握文本大意并探索语篇结构及其意义的意识与能力，帮助学生在大脑里建立起所学课文体裁的形式图式（不是简单的Introduction → Main body → Conclusion）；
--引导学生注意段落之间和句子之间的内在逻辑关联，将语篇标记语的作用与功能、常见的语篇衔接手段等语篇知识也作为课文教学的内容;
--更重要的是，引导学生在语篇层次观察和体会所教语言现象的功能与作用，确保学生学后会用2. 注重思维训练
--不把表面信息的获取作为课文理解的终极目标，要体会信息之间的关联及作者的意图；
--注重活动和提问的层次性，启发学生由浅入深、由表及里，如，了解作者观点与态度，并对此作出评判等；
--不唯活动而活动，活动设计符合生活的真实性和逻辑性；
--注意倾听和引导，实现师生、生生之间真实而有新意、开放而有逻辑的交流；
--最重要的是，教师要对所教文本有透彻深入的理解和思考，不可一知半解，望文生义。3. 注重课文的思想内涵和情感价值
--不要离开文本随意发挥，将语言学习边缘化；
--不要一味说教，将观点强加于人；
--要立足文本，引导学生感受、领悟、思考、发现并总结文中的思想内涵；
--要引导学生走进课文，走近作者，体会作者的喜怒哀乐并与之进行心灵的对话。
阅读是一个充满了积极思维活动的过程，也是一种创造性实践（杨宪平， 2011）
英语阅读教学中要以思维为中介，实际上思维也是出发点和目标，把语言本质与教学的规律贯穿起来，让思维贯穿于整个语言教学过程的始终。（王淑花， 2015）
杜威：“如果今天我们用昨天的方式教的话，我们就是在剥夺孩子的未来。”
英语教学不是只是给学生灌输知识，超越语言教学。得阅读者的天下
基于思维发展的阅读训练课
外语教学 外语教育
Thanks for listening！课件5张PPT。Compare the educational systems of China and Western countries.
What do you think of this situation that a large numbers of Chinese students are applying for a foreign university?
What are the effects if Chinese students studying abroad on Chinese economy?
What do you think of the documentary produced by BBC this summer called “Are Our Kids Tough Enough - Chinese Schools”?Our Kids Tough Enough - Chinese Schools”?Education crossbordersJasmine Dec.1.1. I like its general design
2.I maintain doubt about specific details
3. So we had better regard the documentary as a window rather than the entire building.BBC
Documentary1.Culture - educational philosophy(教学理念)
West: individualism
East: collectivism
2.Criteria - educational goals
West: All-round ability
East: Of course gaokao-oriented
3.Social fun_ction
West: Solidification of class structure(阶级固化)
East: Flow of class structure(阶级流动) Comparison of
educational systemsAdmire individualism culture more.
Learn advanced tech and knowledge.
Live cross-culturally.
shortcut or even escapeChinese students studying abroad1. irresponsible
2. Chinese elite universities
3. unprejudiced selection mechanism
What are the effects of Chinese students studying abroad on Chinese economy?
APOLOGY:
Time is too limited to finish this part.Education: the permanent topic
Compare the educational systems of China and Western countries.
What do you think of this situation that a large numbers of Chinese students are applying for a foreign university.
What are the effects if Chinese students studying abroad on Chinese economy?
What do you think of the documentary produced by BBC this summer called “Are Our Kids Tough Enough - Chinese Schools”?
Intro Maximize the effect of daily report
Incorporate these for topics into my speech
BBC documentary
1. I like its general design:
It looks at the educational differences at a creative angle.
It has resulted in lots of discussions and conversations about education and even we can call it a phenomenal event, which reflects its positive social value.
I maintain doubt about specific details
Both sides haven’t been fully represented. (e.g. Students intention: it’s interesting to be on TV; Chinese teachers from the elite school and it’s a bit unnatural for them to...)
The filming editing is biased.(e.g. Cut fragments of Li Aiyun’s lecture: Qs and Parents) 3. So we’d better regard the documentary as a window rather than the entire building. There are lots limitations one documentary can go beyond.
Comparison of educational systems
Culture - educational philosophy(教学理念)
West: individualism - more respect to personal talents and interest (e.g. Separation of class )
East: collectivism - more regular process to cultivate corporate honor of a class and the harmonious unity (e.g. Uniform and morning exercise)
Criteria - educational goals
West: All-round ability - they explain a lot about why can we get this formula, this conclusion, emphasize how to know instead of how to do exercises; other fields(projects, community service)
East: Of course gaokao-oriented - PILES of textbooks and exercises (practise makes perfect)
Social fun_ction West: Solidification of class structure(阶级固化) e.g. 10% private English schools occupies the majority of Oxford and Cambridge freshman every year.
East: Flow of class structure(阶级流动) Poor kids’ Chinese dream
Chinese students studying abroad
Admire individualism culture more.
Learn advanced tech and knowledge.
Live cross-culturally.
One thing to be clear, I support studying abroad out of pure desire of knowledge or cultural experience but I object to using studying abroad as a shortcut or even escape from our traditional education.
The latter is irresponsible for the time and money spent for the parents and oneself.
Also, 1 Chinese elite universities can provide equally professional materials.
2 Chinese way of choosing students is no longer the “Imperial exam”, we can learn all-round ability if we devote ourselves to it. And its selection mechanism is unprejudiced.
Q:
Why don’t you study abroad?
Faith in Chinese top education
My plan: experience both sides by myself and absorb the essence of both by having my undergraduate education in China and graduate education abroad
Care for parents
What’s your comment on those who stay abroad after graduation?
No moral judgments on them like they betray there country. (choice freedom)
The reason why they choose this way: the chaotic academic atmosphere in China currently and the loopholes in legislation on the protection of patent
How to attract talents return to homeland? Introduce programmes and create a better atmosphere
Are you satisfied with your current education?
Absolutely in NFLS.
Teachers with tolerance and understanding to students
Less “rote learning” and more flexible learning choice and schedule
Encouragement for individualism and respect for the difference
What reform do you expect in Chinese education? How to carry out?
To improve the equality of education.
Improve overall economy.
Form the general acknowledgement that knowledge is power.
Establish some mechanism such as raising rural teachers’ subsidies and making it a regulation that urban teachers must have 5 years’ of experience in rural schools before they finish their career lives
What are the effects if Chinese students studying abroad on Chinese economy?
Positive:
Study the most advanced theories and technology and apply it into the development of our country
Lead to the emergence of a booming industry. (organizations like New Orientation)
Negative:
Brain drain
What do you think about MOOC?
It has great advantages
Free access of top university education to everyone: somehow equal to all
Customized by every user himself and the time schedule if flexible
I don’t believe it will replace the traditional classroom teaching
Not adequate certificate and recognition
Can’t replace the interaction between teacher and student
But I will use it to broaden my horizon after my pre-approval process
