2025届高考英语二轮复习： 学为中心的完形填空指导课件(共21张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习： 学为中心的完形填空指导课件(共21张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-09-19 09:51:56 | ||
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文档简介
(共21张PPT)
“学为中心”
的完形填空指导
学为中心的教学：
老师发挥引导作用，提供必要的学习支持，发挥学生的主观能动性，使其在课内外主动积极学习、自我进行学习建构，实现全面发展。
学为中心的教学：
学理基础：建构主义理论
直接目的：提高教学质量
对象：学生
师生关系：平等
发生的情境：课堂、课外
价值追求：自主性、个性化、合作性和反思性
学为中心的教学
完形填空策略指导
完形填空主要考查考生在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，考查考生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。
“要么不认识单词，要么单词明明认识，却放在语境里怎么也不通顺，导致文章看不懂。”
“有时看着两个选项感觉都对，但一选就错，甚至两个都不是正确答案。”
“朦胧感”
学生的问题
“学为中心”的完形填空指导
阅读技巧
解题技巧
一、题文齐读
What Why
阅读技巧
一边读文一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者协调配合、相互印证的。
要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文，一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。
要求考生要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。考生在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。
(1)短文信息的残缺不全造成文意理解的较大障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文会造成越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判是能做对大部分的，随着一部分空格不断被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍会越来越少。“题文齐读”可大大缩减读文和答题时间。
快速通读全文时，首尾两段重点读，判断文章的体裁、题材、主旨大意（或主基调），理解语境，推测故事的人物、地点、时间等。
大多数记叙文的首句都是交代故事发生的时间、地点、人物，但有时首句可能是中心句，如全国卷II完形填空的首句Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker，下文故事情节全是围绕popular展开叙述的。首句一般不设空，如设空，重点读后面的句子，通常后面会提供线索。
二、重视首尾段
[例]
These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.
A. hard B. unusual C. common D. dangerous
三、句群精读，活用方法，稳抓保分题目
通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
解题技巧
精读时，句内、句组双管齐下。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用习惯搭配、固定结构及语法知识解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些语法、习惯搭配、固定结构和句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[例]
41. ________ January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42. sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a(n) 43. plan. They would have the medicine sent by 44. rail from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers--known as “mushers”--would 45. carry it to Nome in a relay.（节选自2016 北京卷）
41. A. From B. On C. By D. After
C
方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。做题时，要积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识巧妙加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[例]
So, try 53. filling up your time with other work. This is why there is a 54.________ that if you want something done, ask a 55. busy person to do it.
（节选自2018浙江卷）
54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact
C
[例]
Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words: “What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”
59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair
[例]
We went 10 -1 and I was named most valuable player, 28._______ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident.
28. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
方法3 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
C
C
[例]
If the test taker answers _____, the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier.
A. briefly B. smartly C. correctly D. thoroughly
[例]
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41. last seen him. So imagine my 42._______ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry
方法4 利用语境暗示分析法解题(上下文线索)
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
C
A
“最佳适用原则”
This man is very ______. Every time he goes shopping with a girl, he will open the mall's door for her until all the people around him pass.
A. good B. nice C. gentle D. handsome
C
方法5 利用重复词语、派生词或者近义词等解题
完形填空题的文章一般都会前后呼应，主题明确，往往会有词语重复的现象，或者出现其派生词、近义词等，这类题目一般比较容易解答。
[例]
A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But 41. restrictions apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42. ________.
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43. relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to 44. go to waste. The ticket had a strict no-transfer (不可转让) 45. policy, but since passport information was not required when 46. booking, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47. use it. （节选自2017全国卷Ⅲ）
42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend
B
1.（全国Ⅰ卷）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41.________ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42._______ a few dollars
41. A. put forward B. jumped at
C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
2.（全国Ⅲ卷）The post has since gained the 60._______ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184, 000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.
60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
More practice
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48._______ was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49.______ that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50._______ the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.______ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.______ , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53.______ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54._______. (2018年全国I卷)
48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
2022.1浙江卷When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her 36 , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 37 a terrible experience,”Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 ．”Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 ,” she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 ."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel The research team 44 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45 work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46 for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 47 she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 48 .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to 49 that there are solutions(解决办法)," said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50 ．"I say there is no old 51 ，there's only neglect(忽视). Don't stand 52 ，do something about it."
Ms. Burdeyney 53 that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring 54__ into people’s eyes and this is just the 55 . There is still a long way to go."
A cloze test is more than a word-filling exercise.
It involves a deep communication with the passage!
“学为中心”
的完形填空指导
学为中心的教学：
老师发挥引导作用，提供必要的学习支持，发挥学生的主观能动性，使其在课内外主动积极学习、自我进行学习建构，实现全面发展。
学为中心的教学：
学理基础：建构主义理论
直接目的：提高教学质量
对象：学生
师生关系：平等
发生的情境：课堂、课外
价值追求：自主性、个性化、合作性和反思性
学为中心的教学
完形填空策略指导
完形填空主要考查考生在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，考查考生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。
“要么不认识单词，要么单词明明认识，却放在语境里怎么也不通顺，导致文章看不懂。”
“有时看着两个选项感觉都对，但一选就错，甚至两个都不是正确答案。”
“朦胧感”
学生的问题
“学为中心”的完形填空指导
阅读技巧
解题技巧
一、题文齐读
What Why
阅读技巧
一边读文一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者协调配合、相互印证的。
要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文，一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。
要求考生要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。考生在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。
(1)短文信息的残缺不全造成文意理解的较大障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文会造成越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判是能做对大部分的，随着一部分空格不断被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍会越来越少。“题文齐读”可大大缩减读文和答题时间。
快速通读全文时，首尾两段重点读，判断文章的体裁、题材、主旨大意（或主基调），理解语境，推测故事的人物、地点、时间等。
大多数记叙文的首句都是交代故事发生的时间、地点、人物，但有时首句可能是中心句，如全国卷II完形填空的首句Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker，下文故事情节全是围绕popular展开叙述的。首句一般不设空，如设空，重点读后面的句子，通常后面会提供线索。
二、重视首尾段
[例]
These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.
A. hard B. unusual C. common D. dangerous
三、句群精读，活用方法，稳抓保分题目
通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
解题技巧
精读时，句内、句组双管齐下。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用习惯搭配、固定结构及语法知识解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些语法、习惯搭配、固定结构和句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[例]
41. ________ January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42. sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a(n) 43. plan. They would have the medicine sent by 44. rail from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers--known as “mushers”--would 45. carry it to Nome in a relay.（节选自2016 北京卷）
41. A. From B. On C. By D. After
C
方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。做题时，要积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识巧妙加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[例]
So, try 53. filling up your time with other work. This is why there is a 54.________ that if you want something done, ask a 55. busy person to do it.
（节选自2018浙江卷）
54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact
C
[例]
Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words: “What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”
59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair
[例]
We went 10 -1 and I was named most valuable player, 28._______ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident.
28. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
方法3 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
C
C
[例]
If the test taker answers _____, the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier.
A. briefly B. smartly C. correctly D. thoroughly
[例]
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41. last seen him. So imagine my 42._______ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry
方法4 利用语境暗示分析法解题(上下文线索)
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
C
A
“最佳适用原则”
This man is very ______. Every time he goes shopping with a girl, he will open the mall's door for her until all the people around him pass.
A. good B. nice C. gentle D. handsome
C
方法5 利用重复词语、派生词或者近义词等解题
完形填空题的文章一般都会前后呼应，主题明确，往往会有词语重复的现象，或者出现其派生词、近义词等，这类题目一般比较容易解答。
[例]
A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But 41. restrictions apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42. ________.
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43. relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to 44. go to waste. The ticket had a strict no-transfer (不可转让) 45. policy, but since passport information was not required when 46. booking, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47. use it. （节选自2017全国卷Ⅲ）
42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend
B
1.（全国Ⅰ卷）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41.________ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42._______ a few dollars
41. A. put forward B. jumped at
C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
2.（全国Ⅲ卷）The post has since gained the 60._______ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184, 000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.
60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
More practice
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48._______ was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49.______ that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50._______ the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.______ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.______ , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53.______ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54._______. (2018年全国I卷)
48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
2022.1浙江卷When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her 36 , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 37 a terrible experience,”Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 ．”Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 ,” she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 ."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel The research team 44 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45 work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46 for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 47 she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 48 .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to 49 that there are solutions(解决办法)," said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50 ．"I say there is no old 51 ，there's only neglect(忽视). Don't stand 52 ，do something about it."
Ms. Burdeyney 53 that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring 54__ into people’s eyes and this is just the 55 . There is still a long way to go."
A cloze test is more than a word-filling exercise.
It involves a deep communication with the passage!