2025届高考英语二轮复习之长难句分析课件(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
长句解决策略
Strategies for solving long sentences
Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. （22年甲卷D篇）
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions.
B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population.
D. It is becoming more international.
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谓
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谓
主
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宾
谓
主
表
系
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Every sentence is a tree.
English sentence forest
句子=主干（trunk）+修饰语(modifier)
He is Zhong Nanshan, an extremely excellent doctor graduating from Beijing Medical University, whose hometown is Xiamen, Fujian, leading the fights against SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 pandemic.
主系表
副词
形容词
从
句
名词
短语
非谓语
短语
介词短语
介词
短语
非谓语
短语
并
列
修饰成分可总结为：
三长
并列连词
and、
or、
as well as
平行并列结构
两短
形容词、
副词
介词短语
从句
非谓语动词短语
【定义】从介词开始到名词结束，表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。
【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止;或者逗号为止，如： at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years
三长----介词短语
Preposition phrase
“三长”
-介词短语
划分：
①到介词后面第一个名词
②到逗号
He is from China.
1. The man from China teaches us English.
2. Do you know the girl on the car
3. During my childhood, I often played games with my siblings in the yard.
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After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.
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【定义】从句是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等关系词引导的非主句部分。
【起止标识】标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。
①如：Li Hua is a teacher (who teaches English).
到句尾终止
②如： (When I was young), I listened to the radio.
到句中的逗号终止
③如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing.
到下一个修饰成分终止
④如：Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
到一下个谓语动词终止，
三长----从句
Clause
I would appreciate it if you receive my sincere invitation.
What I want indeed is what you can never give.
Newton is described as a gifted scientist with certain human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
“三长”
-从句
划分：从引导词开始
①到句尾
②到逗号
③到下一个谓语
到下一个修饰成分
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What Winter knows of the 19 year old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation.
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三长----非谓语动词短语
Non-finite verb phrase
【定义】非谓语动词是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类。
【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定义（to do）、动名词（doing）或分词（现在分词doing或过去分词done）开头，到以下四种情况终止。
①如：Li Hua is a teacher(teaching English).
到句尾终止
②如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
到句中的逗号终止
③如：Jack walked to the hall, (waving )to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)
到下一个修饰成分终止
④如； We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.
到下一个谓语动词终止
“三长”
-非谓语
划分：从非谓语开始
①到句尾
②到逗号
③到谓语动词
到下一个修饰成分
He is doing his homework.
1. The man teaching us English is called Damon.
2. Hearing the knews, I chouldn't help crying.
3. He studied hard to get a full understanding of the knowledge.
4. Published on the megazine, the news got great attention.
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For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science.
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两短----形容词
Adjective
【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，
往往带有-ous, -y, -ful,-able等后缀。
【常见位置】
①一般置于名词之前，如a beautiful park.
②修饰不定代词（something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody）时置于不定代词之后，如“一些有趣的事”应译为something interesting.
两短----副词
Adverb
【定义】副词用来修饰形容词、动词等，往往带有-ly等后缀。
【常见位置】英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。
①可置于整句之前，如： Unfortunately, he failed to make it.
②可置于整句之后，如： The teacher greets his students individually.
③可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前”，如：
The princess looks extremely beautiful today. (系动词之后）
He immediately saw the black cat. (实义动词之前）
He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess.(助动词之后，实义动词之前）
④可置于形容词或副词之前，如： There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.
“两短”
tips：
扩句程度较低，不影响句子理解，分析句子的时候可以不单独挑出来
写作的时候可以增加精准高级的形容词/副词
I'm very happy.
1. I sincerely hope that you can come.
2. I firmly believe he is the only choice.
3. Tens of thousands of people were killed in the severe earthquake.
平行并列结构
Parallel
【定义】平行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。
Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.
The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
“一并列”
tips：
连接词可以连接名词，动词，介词短语，句子等
找出连接词
如果连接句子，把句子断开之后再分析单个句子里面的句子成分
1. A carnival will not only take place during the festival, but also people will get dressed and hang out.
2. A great number of animals lost their habitats so it's of great importance to protect them.
3. A balanced diet needs protective food and energy-giving food.
（2021新高考全国卷1）The rolling sea of clouds that you see when you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.（21词）
The rolling sea of clouds that you see when you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
The rolling sea will remind you.
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（2020年山东卷）After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.（26词）
（2020年山东卷）After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.（26词）
Jennifer attended a local technical college.
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(江苏阅读理解B篇)The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food.（19词）
(江苏阅读理解B篇)The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food.（19词）
The Department has programs.
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（2019年6月浙江）Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising up temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air , and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.（46词）
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising up temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air , and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Mclntyre said, the biggest factors have been temperatures and earlier snowmelt.
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The atmospheric level of carbon dioxide (CO2)—a gas that is great at trapping heat, contributing to climate change—is almost double what it was prior to the Industrial Revolution. This presents a challenge to researchers attempting to design artificial trees or other methods of capturing (捕获) carbon dioxide directly from the air. That challenge is one a Sandia National Laboratories-led team is trying to solve.32．What problem is presented in paragraph 1 A．The constant change of atmosphere. B．The design of artificial trees. C．The rising amount of carbon dioxide. D．The storage of carbon dioxide.() First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖） .(22年乙卷D篇）
Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools.
B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health.
D. To encourage research in education.
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