新概念英语第三册 Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 课文重点词汇讲义

Lesson 44 Speed and comfort
Part 1: Text
People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a couchette, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your passport when you cross a frontier. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motor-ways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get sea-sick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of travelling on a ship.
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the grave disadvantage of being the most expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise
ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.positively ad.绝对地，完全地
2.compartment [k m'pa:tm nt] n.(轮船的)密封舱
3.cramped [kr mpt] a.窄小的
4.stuffy ['st fi] a.憋气的，闷气的
5.monotonous [m 'n t n s] a.枯燥的，乏味的，单调的
6.rhythm ['ri m] n.有节奏的运动
7.click [klik] v.发出咔哒声
8.lull [l l] v.催人欲睡
9.snatch [sn t ] n.短时，片段
10.sleeper n.(火车等的)卧铺
11.fumble ['f mbl] v.乱摸，摸索
12.inspection [in'spek n] n.检查
13.inevitably [in'evit bli] ad.必然地，不可避免地
14.destination ['desti'nei n] n.目的地
15.exhaust [ig'z :st] v.使精疲力尽
16.motorway ['m ut wei] n.快车道
17.ferry ['feri] n.渡船
18.cruise [kru:z] n.巡游船
19.civilize ['sivilaiz] v.使文明
20.spacious ['spei s] a.宽敞的
21.seasick a.晕船的
22.intimidate [in'timideit] v.恐吓，恫吓
23.disadvantage ['dis d'va:ntid ] n.短处，缺点
24.exhilaration [igzil 'rei n] a.使人高兴的，令人兴奋的
25.escapist [is'keipist] n.逍遥者，逃避现实者
26.sip [sip] v.呷，啜
27.champagne [ m'pein] n.香槟酒
28.refinement [ri'fainm nt] n.精心的安排
29.Breathtaking a.激动人心的；不寻常的
30.soar [s :] v.高飞，翱翔
31.effortlessly ad.不费力地
32.landscape ['l ndskeip] n.景色
33.fresh [fre ] a.精神饱满的
34.uncrumpled a.没有垮下来
★positively ad.绝对地，完全地
例：She positively beamed with satisfaction.她非常满意地笑了。
Meeting you here like this is positively surreal!像这样与你在此相逢真好比一场梦！
positive adj.正面的，积极的
a positive attitude （to/towards） 积极的态度
例：He has a positive attitude towards life.
他对生活持有积极的态度。
★compartment [k m'pa:tm nt] n.(轮船的)密封舱
compartment system 分布系统
baggage compartment 行李间
例：This is a case with separate compartments for shoes, jewelry, etc.
这是一个分格存放鞋、珠宝等的箱子
★cramped [kr mpt] a.窄小的
cramped position 受限制的局面...
cramped shot 使不上劲的击球...
例：Our accommodation is rather cramped.我们住的地方很挤。
I feel cramped by the limitations of my job.我觉得受工作束缚,没有什么奔头儿。
★stuffy ['st fi] a.憋气的，闷气的
stuffy nose 鼻塞
stuffy room 不通气的房间
例：The atmosphere is very stuffy in here， can we open a window
这的空气很闷--咱们能把窗户打开吗
Our office is really stuffy.我们的办公室很闷。
★monotonous [m 'n t n s] a.枯燥的，乏味的，单调的
The preacher's monotonous voice put me to sleep.传教士单调的声音催我入眠。
It is one of the most monotonous sounds of the spring.这是春天里最单调的声音之一。
★rhythm ['ri m] n.有节奏的运动
quick rhythm 快节奏
steady rhythm 平稳的节奏
play in quick rhythm 以快速的节拍弹奏
to a rhythm 按着节奏
without rhythm or reason 杂乱无章
例：Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English.
说英语时，重音和节奏是很重要的。
He is trying to play the same tune in a different rhythm.他正试图用不同节奏演奏同一个曲子。
The rhythm of her heart beating is normal.她的心跳节律是正常的。
★click [klik] v.发出咔哒声
1.double click 双击
2.click for sth
At last I've clicked for a good job in the right city.最后我幸运地在合适的城市找了个好工作。
★lull [l l] v.催人欲睡
lull sb. to sleep 轻摇或轻哼使之入睡..
The mother lulled the baby to sleep.母亲哄着孩子入睡了
★snatch [sn t ] n.短时，片段
1.snatch at sth
He snatched at the magazine but was not quick enough. 他想一把抓住那本杂志,但动作慢了一点。
2.snatch sb/sth from sb/sth
They snatched the drowning man from the river. 他们从河里把溺水的那个人救了出来。
He snatched the baby from fire. 他迅速地将婴儿从火中救出。
3.snatch sth out of sb/sth
Snatching his handkerchief out of his pocket he mopped his perspiring face.他从口袋里掏出手绢,擦掉脸上的汗。
★sleeper n.(火车等的)卧铺
sleeping car 卧车
heavy sleeper 不易醒的人
例：I am a bad sleeper. 我总睡不好。
He usually goes home on the sleeper.他通常乘卧铺车回家。
★fumble ['f mbl] v.乱摸，摸索
Want to have patience, want to fumble slowly.要有耐心，要慢慢摸索。
★inspection [in'spek n] n.检查
quality inspection 质量检查
casual inspection 不定期检查
例：He made an inspection of the school. 他视察了这所学校。
I gave the radio a thorough inspection before buying it. 我把收音机彻底检查了一遍才买了下来。
★inevitably [in'evit bli] ad.必然地，不可避免地
Inevitably he failed the exam, because he was lazy.因为他很懒惰,考试当然不及格。
★destination ['desti'nei n] n.目的地
arrive at/reach one's destination 到达目的地
final destination 最终目的地
beyond one's destination 远于目的地
the destination of one's journey 旅行目的地
例：We eventually arrived at our destination.我们终于到达了目的地。
The coach followed a rather devious course to its destination.
长途汽车要绕很多弯路才到达目的地。
★exhaust [ig'z :st] v.使精疲力尽
1.be exhaust sb by sth/v-ing
He was exhausted by overwork. 他因工作过度而疲惫。
2.exhaust one's bank account 把银行存款花光
3.exhaust one's patience 失去耐心
★motorway ['m ut wei] n.快车道
motorway traffic 公路交通
例：We should leave the motorway at the next interchange.
我们应该在下一个立体交叉道驶离高速公路。
★ferry ['feri] n.渡船
board/take a ferry 登上渡船
next ferry 下一班渡船
wait at the ferry 在渡口等候
例：We crossed the river by ferry.我们坐渡船过了河。
We waited at the ferry for two hours.我们在渡口等了两小时.
★cruise [kru:z] n.巡游船
1.n.巡游船
These cruise ships can turn round in two days.
这些游船可用两天的时间装卸完毕。
2. v. 慢速行驶；
Airliners now cruise the ocean at great speed.
现在的班机以高速作越洋飞行。
cruise about/around 在…巡游
cruise along 沿…巡游
★civilize ['sivilaiz] v.使文明
civilize sth away
We must civilize away the boy's bad habit. 我们必须教育这孩子使其改掉恶习。
civilize away a bad habit 教育…使其改掉恶习
★spacious ['spei s] a.宽敞的
spacious residence/yard 宽敞的住宅/院子
spacious swimming pool 宽敞的游泳池
spacious topic 博大的题目
例：The hotel is neither spacious nor comfortable.这旅馆既不宽敞也不舒服。
n. space 空间
★seasick a.晕船的
It was quite rough at times, and she was seasick.
有时海上波涛汹涌，她就会晕船。
以sick为后缀的单词有：
homesick adj. 想家的；思乡病的；
carsick adj. 晕车的；
seasick adj. 晕船的；
lovesick adj. 害相思病的；苦恋的，
★intimidate [in'timideit] v.恐吓，恫吓
1.intimidate sb into sth/v-ing
The criminal intimidated the witness into silence. 犯罪分子恐吓目击证人保持缄默。
2.短语
intimidate the children by shouting 叫嚷着吓唬孩子
intimidate the boy into giving the money 恐吓男孩把钱交出来
intimidate sb into submission 胁迫某人屈服
intimidate sb with threats 以恐吓威胁某人
★disadvantage ['dis d'va:ntid ] n.短处，缺点
obvious disadvantage 明显的不利
serious disadvantage 严重的缺陷
at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
under disadvantage 在不利的情况下
without disadvantage 没有害处
★exhilaration [igzil 'rei n] a.使人高兴的，令人兴奋的
例：Her mood could swing rapidly from gloom to exhilaration.
她的情绪可能在转瞬之间从阴郁转向兴奋。
★escapist [is'keipist] n.逍遥者，逃避现实者
原型，动词v：escape 逃跑，逃脱
以ist 为后缀的单词，一般是从事····的人
escapist [is'keipist] n.逍遥者，逃避现实者
更多：
anthropologist人类学家、archaeologist考古学家、
artist艺术家、biologist生物学家、
botanist植物学家、cartoonist漫画家、
chemist化学家、economist经济学家.
★sip [sip] v.呷，啜
sip up 吸干,啜干
例：I sipped at the coffee. 我啜饮咖啡。
When you drink your soup, don't sip it, but swallow it all in one mouthful.喝汤时不要啜饮,而应一口吞下去。
★champagne [ m'pein] n.香槟酒
a glass of champagne 一杯香槟酒
★refinement [ri'fainm nt] n.精心的安排
step wise refinement 逐步求精
例：Her mother is a woman with great refinement.
她母亲是一个非常文雅的女人。
★Breathtaking a.激动人心的；不寻常的
例：The breathtaking green valley below was aptly named Beautiful Valley.
下面那令人赞叹的翠绿色山谷的名字取得很贴切，叫美丽山谷。
The children who dares to do so breathtaking movement.
谁家的孩子敢做这样惊险的运动。
★soar [s :] v.高飞，翱翔
1.soar up 飞高，升高
A skylark soared up into the sky. 一只云雀高飞入云。
The prices seemed soaring up without limit. 物价好像在无限制地飞涨。
2.soar over 在…上飞过
3.soar into 飞入
例：The cliffs soar 500 ft into the air. 峭壁高耸达五百英尺。
★effortlessly ad.不费力地
1.adj. effortless 不费力气的
例：However, learning English is not effortless like we imagined.
然而,学英语不是像我们想象的简单。
She plays with seemingly effortless skill. 她演奏得似乎毫不费力。
2.例：The wind blew stronger,and the little boat rampaged along effortlessly.
风刮得更猛烈了，小船毫不费力地飞速行驶。
★landscape ['l ndskeip] n.景色
a blot on the landscape 损害美好景色的东西
the spring landscape 春天的景色
例：I prefer landscape to still life.我喜欢风景画，不喜欢静物画。
The moon shed a silver luster over the landscape.月亮的银光流泻于山水间。
★fresh [fre ] a.精神饱满的
fresh man 大学一年级学生
fresh meat 鲜肉
fresh news 新消息
as fresh as a daisy 很新鲜
例：Open the window and let in some fresh air.
打开窗户，让新鲜的空气进来。
★uncrumpled a.没有垮下来
1.动词uncrumple的过去式和过去分词形式.
2. crumple v. （使)起皱；(使)崩溃；压垮
crumple up 揉皱(压碎)
例：The wall was likely to crumple up at any time.
墙随时可以坍掉。
Part 3: Notes on the text
★People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
1.现在分词短语修饰people
people travelling long distances frequently= who travel long distance frequently
2.frequently = quite often
3.would prefer to= had better to do······ 最好····
★Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.
hardly anyone= no one
more than 超过
a few hours 几小时
★Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
1.it is almost impossible to do sth 做某事几乎是不可能的
it is +adj.+ to do sth 属于固定搭配，意思随着形容词词义的变化而变化
2.take your mind off sth 把某人注意力从 转移开
take off
1）脱掉：
Take off your shoes." （脱掉你的鞋子。）
2）起飞：
The plane will take off in 10 minutes.飞机将在10分钟后起飞。
3）突然走红：
His music career really took off after he won the Grammy. 他赢得格莱美奖后，他的音乐事业真的开始腾飞
4）取消：
I had to take off work because of a family emergency.因为家庭紧急情况，我不得不请假。
5）离开：
I'm going to take off now. See you later. 我现在要离开了。回头见。
6）除去：
Can you take off the price tag, please 你能把价格标签取下来吗？
7）开始：
The party really took off after the karaoke machine arrived." 卡拉OK机到达后，聚会真的开始了。
★Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.
1.for 引导原因状语从句
2.lull sb. to sleep 催眠··
3.sleep comes in snatches 睡眠时断时续
in snatches 断断续续
4. wish to do sth 想要做某事
manage to do sth 表达成功做某事
rarely manage to do sth 很少能成功做···rarely表达否定的含义
★If you are lucky enough to get a couchette, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your passport when you cross a frontier.Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
be lucky enough to do sth 足够幸运做某事
spend time in doing sth 话费时间做某事
★Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motor-ways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic.
1.at least 至少，插入语，不做句子成分
2.which 引导定于从句，用来修饰 the narrow bumpy roads
3.more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often, usually, frequetly
★By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get sea-sick, no form of transport could be worse.
1.By comparison 作为对比
2.a great variety of 许多的，大量的，后接可数名词复数
类似用法：a （great/large） number of+名词复数
a lot of + 名词复数
3.of course 当然，也是做为插入语来使用，不做句子成分（用来加强语气）
4.be likely to 很可能
5. no form of transport could be worse. 双重否定，表达没有更糟的含义
★Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the grave disadvantage of being the most expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.
1.the reputation of ····的声誉
have a reputation as 作为·····有名声
build a reputation 树立声誉
例：The reputation of this museum liesin the variety of its art collection.这家博物馆的名望在于其多种多样的艺术收藏。
2.the disadvantage of ······的劣势
the advantage of ·····的优势
3.match sb. for····和····匹配
★You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.
1.do not have to 不用，不必（双重否定表达肯定的含义）
have to 不得不
2.take your mind off 转移注意力
3.for 引导原因状语从句（详细见本科难点解析）
★The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.
Keep sb. occupied 集中注意力
Keep one’s mind off 转移注意力
★The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
1.so + adj+ that 如此····以至于
区别so that（引导目的状语从句）
2.prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
3.arrive at 到达，at后接地点
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult point
for 引导原因状语从句
for表示的往往不是直接原因，而是推测的理由，旁证、或者是解释。例如：Somebody must be ill, for the doctorhas just come out.隔壁一定有病人，一个医生刚刚从里边出来。（后面一句医生出来不是某人生病的直接原因，而是推测的理由）
for 并列连词，引导的从句并不说明主句发生行为的直接原因，只提供补充说明，或表示推断式解释，一般不位于主句前，主从句间通常加逗号。the day breaks, for the birds are singing.he went to bed early, because he was tired. 直接的理由、he must be fired, for he went to bed early. 间接性的推断。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson44单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.重点词记忆
3.练习总结课文