专题 03 阅读理解之议论文
（一）
（ 23-24 高二上 · 福建莆田 · 期中） With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now
experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us
with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely
connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really
starts to control the world around us, what comes next
Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need
them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are
outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer We have the emotions and
imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because
humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human
imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable
jobs anymore!
By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future.
The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big
demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should
be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on
jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity
of the human mind than the arts I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to
share our imaginations with everyone!
So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your
dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time
to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here.
1．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem.
C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking.
2．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement
A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
3．Why are art-related jobs also important
A．They have opened up our world. B．They help people realize their dreams.
C．They will be in great demand in the future. D．They can show the innovation of human.
4．What is the tone of the passage
A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive.
C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective.
（二）
（23-24 高二上·江西宜春·期中）No more wet towels on the bathroom floor, and no more empty
juice plastic boxes. No more doors closing at 3 a. m. , and no more coming home to a noisy crowd
of strangers around the kitchen table. There’s nothing so quiet, says a friend whose youngest has
just moved out.
But if adjusting to an empty nest can be tough (difficult), it seems there is one thing tougher:
a formerly empty nest that suddenly fills back up again. According to a research from the London
School of Economics (LSE), parents whose grown up children don’t actually manage to leave
—who move out, only to bounce right back again —are actually less happy than those whose
fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly fly off without a backward glance. The quality of life for parents of
boomerang (coming back) kids fell on average by about 0.8 points on the LSE researchers’ scale.
A quarter of young British adults now live with their parents, more than at any time since
records began in1966. But more shockingly, this is no longer just about the young. Around a
quarter of a million people aged between 35 and 44 still live at home with their parents and the
idea that that can all be blamed on helicopter parents making it too easy for their little darlings not
to grow up isn’t logical. Midlife divorce, insecure gig economy work and straightforward poverty
all play their part in driving what were once perfectly functioning grown-ups back to their teenage
bedrooms.
These kids are admittedly luckier than those for whom going back home is sadly not an
option. But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job,
or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place
where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society
shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it
leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.
5．According to the first two paragraphs, parents of boomerang children _________.
A．have to do too much housework B．feel bad about it
C．expect their children to live together D．enjoy higher quality of life
6．Why do these boomerang kids circle back home
A．To avoid their life pressure. B．To nurse elderly parents.
C．Because their parents choose to take them in. D．Because they have helicopter parents.
7．What is the author’s attitude to this trend
A．Supportive. B．Confused. C．Uninterested. D．Disapproving.
8．What’s the best title for the text
A．Does the empty nest matter B．Is the nest really empty
C．What worries grown-ups D．How do parents help their kids
（三）
（23-24 高二上·宁夏吴忠·期中）There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called
So Much Trouble In the World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many
problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too—
that’s why it made Nov16th “International Day for Tolerance”.
But first of all, what is tolerance According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the
consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱)and error; let us pardon each other’s
fool— that is the first law of nature.”
Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot
to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by
males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put
themselves in the shoes of women.
It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best
words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here To agree to be “tolerant” of someone
isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s
something wrong with them.
Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something
that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give
things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.
9．What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”
A．To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people.
B．To celebrate the founding of the UN.
C．To solve the problem of global warming.
D．To change people’s opinion towards globalization.
10．Why do men behave intolerantly towards women
A．Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN.
B．Because men are physically stronger than women.
C．Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women.
D．Because men willing to understand women.
11．Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”
A．Because they are hard to pronounce in English.
B．Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to.
C．Because they can’t be translated into other languages.
D．Because they can’t be used in a respectful way.
12．In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”
A．Humans are advised to treat others better.
B．Humans leant to find faults in others.
C．Humans need to give something to others.
D．Humans will change their attitudes to others.
（四）
（23-24 高二上·四川成都·期中）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as
something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist
Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping
stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.
In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and
become less motivated to persevere(坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the
“sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us
picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈 ) from others suggests the opposite, it
poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away
the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you
don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to
impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our
shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says.
It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the
process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this
decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and
improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its
importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your
goals.
13．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1
A．To offer an approach to handling failure.
B．To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
C．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
D．To discuss the relationship between success and failure.
14．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”
A．It does harm to our self-image. B．It pictures us as perfect people.
C．It protects us from false feedback. D．It makes us refuse negative feedback to
ourselves.
15．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Hurriedly. B．Mistakenly. C．Unhappily. D．Carelessly.
16．Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A．Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”.
B．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
C．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy.
D．Don’t escape when our self-image gets challenged.
（五）
（23-24 高二上·北京顺义·期中）If you analyze people’s actions, you will come to the conclusion
that they all seek happiness. Every act is in fact a search for it, even if on the surface it doesn’t
look so. Happiness is always the main target.
Going to the movies, eating in a restaurant and going to a party are all motivated by the
desire to be happy. Who does not dream of a vacation in some fascinating locations, a new car, a
new house, or the ideal match All people daydream, and some even try to make their dream a
reality. And why is that In order to be happy!
Many people endanger themselves by climbing steep mountains, entering unexplored caves,
or diving into the deep of the ocean in order to enjoy the few moments of happiness. A thief may
steal because he loves the thrill of danger, or because he desires to have quick money to spend. He
is actually looking for happiness, though in a perverted way.
Of course not all actions end in happiness. The motive is happiness, but the results do not
always bring the desire. According to some spiritual traditions, we are spiritual beings in physical
bodies. The spiritual part is always happy. Rather, it is happiness itself. But the physical body
covers this happiness essence(本质). There is a constant desire to find out this happiness. This is
the reason why happiness is constantly sought.
However, there is.no need to search for happiness or to create it, or to have all kinds of
outer experiences and actions in order to feel it. On the contrary, everything has to be dropped in
order to experience it. Every technique, which helps to relax the mind and calm the rush of
thoughts will lead to happiness.
17．From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that______.
A．happiness is a daydream
B．it is very hard to analyze people’s actions
C．many things people do are to attain happiness
D．one should act carefully so as not to show his purpose
18．The underlined word “perverted” in Paragraph 3 most likely means
A．illegal B．unfair C．cautious D．difficult
19．According to the author, why do people seek happiness all the time
A．All actions don’t result in the expected happiness
B．There is little awareness of the nature of happiness.
C．One’s physical body is controlled by his spiritual part.
D．People are so greedy that it’s hard to satisfy their desires.
（六）
（23-24 高二上·天津和平·期中）Female role models are having a moment. In the United States,
there is a female vice president. The women’s soccer team is fighting a public, uphill battle for
equal pay. Women are even making their way into what had seemed a permanent men’s club: the
senior operation ranks of the armed forces.
Role models inspire people by showing what is actually possible. Research supports that it
works: these pioneers not only help us imagine where we might go but also map out the path
there. Role models have also been shown to have a bigger impact on women and underrepresented
communities—those who have not easily achieved their goals. Seeing more women in the world
of science, girls of today are more likely, when asked to draw a scientist, to draw a woman than
those in past decades. Even one role model can benefit a child, helping them perform better in
school and maintain a positive attitude.
However, the idea of “good role models” needs an update, especially when it comes to girls;
otherwise the endless stream of shining snapshots of achievement they see can actually lead to
self-doubt. In addition to role models, our work on girls and the process of building confidence
has found that what girls really need are “work in progress” models. Girls tend to judge
themselves harshly and suffer from perfectionism. They need to see the struggles and failures in
their role models, as well as great perseverance. Anything that suggests success effortlessly
achieved can be discouraged rather than inspired, playing into girls’ worst self-doubt thinking
patterns.
Helping girls see the extraordinary in the seemingly ordinary is a good solution to unrealistic
expectations. “Everyday heroes have a special impact,” said the child psychologist Bonnie Zucker.
“Take a young girl who has to shoulder-the-responsibility for raising her brothers or sisters for
some reason. She might not have attractive social media presence, but her bravery, devotion, and
emotional labor are, in fact, heroic.”
20．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about
A．Some jobs suitable for females.
B．Some influences of female role models.
C．Females’ challenges at the workplace.
D．Females’ achievements in different fields.
21．What can we infer about role models from Paragraph 2
A．They give us realistic guides to success.
B．They help us know more outstanding people.
C．They are preferred by female groups.
D．They show us the value of keeping learning.
22．What influence can the snapshots of achievement have on girls
A．Broadening their minds.
B．Inspiring them to dream big.
C．Driving them to work harder.
D．Making them doubt themselves.
23．Why do girls need “work in progress” models
A．They make them achieve success quickly.
B．They help them accept their imperfect selves.
C．They teach them to be strict with themselves.
D．They encourage them to follow their dreams.
24．What does the author imply by mentioning Bonnie Zucher’s words
A．Many girls’ expectations are unrealistic.
B．Girls have a strong sense of responsibility.
C．Girls can follow heroic examples in daily life.
D．Social activities are of great importance to girls.
（七）
（22-23 高二上·江苏宿迁·期中）Are you a tea drinker If so, you’re not alone. Every day around
the world millions of cups of this popular brew (沏茶 ) are drunk. The oldest discovered tea is
from the Han Dynasty. But the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty, when it became
China’s national drink.
Tea is the second most consumed drink in the world. Most of us can’t resist a cup of tea
sometimes. They’re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter. For many, having a “cuppa” is a daily
routine. And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can have some health
benefits. Drinking black tea may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life, though we do
not know what ingredients of tea take effect. Also, drinking seven or more cups of green tea was
associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So, if we turn
to tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver!
Tea is consumed in many ways — slurped, sipped or glugged (大口喝). It can be poured
from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing
concern. Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed
high levels of microplastics into water. However, The World Health Organization says such
particles in drinking water do not appear to pose a risk.
Most tea bags are made from paper, with a small amount of plastic used to seal them shut.
This has led to debate about whether they can be recycled. However, gardener Mike Armitage has
said that the plastic contained in the soil could be washed into streams and rivers and ultimately
out to sea.
Unilever, the owners of the tea brand PG Tips, said their tea bags are made with a small
amount of plastic-used to seal them-and that they are suitable for composting. And the brand
Yorkshire Tea said their bags do contain plastic, but they were actively developing recyclable
things to replace the plastic.
25．What can we learn about tea from paragraph 2
A．Drinking black tea and green tea has similar effects on our health.
B．Habitual tea consumption benefits us both physically and mentally.
C．We have found out what ingredients of tea help people relieve stresses.
D．Many people consume tea daily because it can cure some strange diseases.
26．What makes some people worried according to the passage
A．The ingredients of tea. B．The change of tea set.
C．The brew with tea bags. D．The different tastes of tea.
27．What is the passage mainly about
A．People around the world enjoy tea. B．People enjoy tea but debate tea bags.
C．Some ingredients in tea have negative effects. D．Many tea businesses try to improve tea
quality.
28．Which column of a newspaper may the passage probably come from
A．Tourism. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Culture.
（八）
（23-24 高二上·四川眉山·期中）Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be.
When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that
you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the
smooth sailing that you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing
you want to hear is “Cheer up!”
Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re
down, maybe the following will provide motivation.
Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational
(极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than
something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that
shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.
Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though
there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as
well.
You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another
person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself.
Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more
awesome than you give yourself credit for.
Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t
follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down
terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first
time).
Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than
five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in
something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work,
so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for
losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.
29．The author mentioned bad news in order to show that .
A．bad news makes people see things in a negative light
B．bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes
C．bad news attracts people to see positive things
D．bad news has a negative effect on television ratings
30．What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean
A．Unstable emotions. B．Important events.
C．Amazing incidents . D．Something unpleasant.
31．How should we view failure according to the passage
A．We will change our behaviour.
B．We will keep trying the old method.
C．We should learn from failure.
D．We should think in a more complicated way.
32．What is the passage mainly about
A．It inspires us to learn from negative experiences.
B．It compares negative and positive experiences.
C．It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences.
D．It discusses how negative experiences affect others.
（九）
（23-24 高二上·云南迪庆·期中）When it comes to the ocean, you may think of a visit to the
beach, whales or coral reefs. To me, I think the ocean is out of expanse of deep dark water and it is
filled with life and mystery and opportunity.
Whatever you think of, the ocean is much more. It is a complex physical, chemical and
biological system that takes up 70% of our planet. What we do know is that the ocean is an
important part of our life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that
we breathe. It also regulates temperature for the planet.
Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably
hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. Now we consider saving the ocean from plastic,
from oil spills or from overfishing. But really, we should be thinking about how the ocean is
saving us. It is saving us from the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need to
do is think about not how to save the ocean, but instead how the ocean can actually help us in this
fight against climate change.
Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It
is the world’s largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90% of the excess heat trapped by
greenhouse gases. So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable. When we think about
climate action, climate strategies and climate plans, we often overlook the ocean and leave it out
because somehow we think that saving the ocean is something else we have to do, not a core part
of our climate strategy.
That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system, and so it
has to be a core part of our climate solutions.
33．What does the author think of the ocean’s meaning to humans
A．It supports life system on the planet.
B．It offers chances to find mysterious treasure.
C．It provides a large number of deep dark water.
D．It is a perfect place to watch whales and coral reefs.
34．What does the underlined word “excess” mean in paragraph 4
A．Low. B．High. C．Moderate. D．Extra.
35．What would happen if we live without ocean
A．The poles would be hot. B．Overfishing would not be a problem.
C．The globe would be tougher to live on. D．The climate would be changed slightly.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．Strategies to save the ocean. B．Whether the ocean is habitable.
C．Saving the ocean is saving humans. D．A place to watch whales and coral reefs.
（十）
（23-24 高二上·山东青岛·期中）In the days before the internet, critical thinking was the most
important skill that informed citizens could have. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia
Kozyreva, a German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” With such
an overabundance of information, we need to first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and
what’s not.
The first strategy is self-nudging. This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we
have more quality time for ourselves. It also involves the removal of distracting things from the
environment around you. Of course, we need to stay informed of world events, so we can’t just
ignore the internet altogether. When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends setting
time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link after
another.
The next strategy is lateral (横向的) reading. Its purpose is to improve judgments about the
reliability of information, and to protect you from false and misleading information. The strategy
involves opening a new web page to find out more about the source of the information. Likewise,
it’s also good to check the source of the information in an internet post. Headlines are often
cheating. They’re designed to attract attention, not provide information. The main idea of the
article may be completely contrary to the implication in the headline. A sensational claim may
provide a link with a headline that seems to support it, but a careful reading of the original source
shows it doesn’t.
We live in a digital age in which we’re overwhelmed with information, much of it of poor
quality. Train our critical ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid
falling victim to those who try to control our attention.
37．Which of the following saying can best describe “critical ignoring”
A．Rob Peter to pay Paul. B．Make something out of nothing.
C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Separate the sheep from the goats.
38．What does the author suggest for applying self-nudging strategy
A．Improving study equipment. B．Managing our own time well.
C．Avoiding access to social media. D．Staying informed of what happened.
39．How can we get the reliable information of an article
A．By focusing on headlines. B．By reading posts at random.
C．By searching for original sources. D．By consulting authorities for advice.
40．What is the purpose of writing the text
A．To clarify a concept. B．To promote an app. C．To describe a scene.
D．To make a proposal.
（十一）
（23-24 高二上·江西抚州·期中）Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t
traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an
Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc.,
it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as
they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there.
“Virtual travel” is nothing new, of course. Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been
stimulating the senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It’s only in recent decades that frequent,
safe travel has become available to the non- wealthy.
Yet even as the world’s middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class
seat, there are signs of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental
sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant
societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience
the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends.
Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn’t plan to start selling
Avatars until next year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global
market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast,
ANA’s traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year.
But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that
bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s
robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s
high-tech future.
41．Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot
A．To show the Japanese are crazy about travel.
B．To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people’s real life.
C．To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots.
D．To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter.
42．Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel’s appearance
A．Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries.
B．Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people.
C．People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines.
D．More and more people lose interest in travel.
43．What does the underlined word “sustainability” probably mean in the third paragraph
A．Visibility. B．Availability.
C．insignificance. D．Continuousness
44．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Your Next Travel May Be Virtual.
B．Easy Travel in the Future.
C．Virtual Travel Benefits.
D．Air Travel Disappearing.
（十二）
（23-24 高二上·四川凉山·期中）Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which
can be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words,
when you are seeking success, use every available resource. Theodore Roosevelt had no time for
quitters (轻易放弃的人) or complainers. He would never accept that something was impossible.
Every task, every goal, and every dream can be completed. All you needed to do is to make a start.
Use what you have around you to take your first step. Do not make excuses for not doing
something. Instead, give all the reasons for setting out to complete the task. There is always an
alternative way of approaching a. project. Giving up is not one of those alternatives.
Neither quitters nor complainers achieve success. They continuously find ways of doing
anything. When you are chasing success, don’t give yourself excuses. Instead, challenge yourself.
Making the best of what you are given is positive. Achieving success through working to find
different ways of doing a task or overcoming an obstacle (障碍物) will make you feel good. Your
self-belief and confidence will be improved, and you will feel able to deal with whatever else
comes along.
Theodore Roosevelt was a great supporter of self-discipline. He believed that if we could not
control our own lives, how could we lead others When you put self-discipline on yourself, you
remove indecision and replace it with purposefulness. You become an example to others, which
adds to your self-esteem (自尊 ). What must we do, therefore, to boost our self-esteem Most
importantly, see the positive in everything. There will be positives in negative experiences. Even
in the negative, there are lessons to be learned and experiences to store away for the future. If
others are to believe in you, then you must believe in yourself.
Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th and youngest US President. He achieved high office as
a result of being a tough political operator and a man blessed with experience and wisdom. He was
determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of purpose. All of his achievements
came from his life lessons.
45．Which statement will Theodore Roosevelt probably agree with
A．Giving up is a good choice. B．Accept something impossible.
C．Using resources helps you succeed. D．Good beginning means good ending.
46．How can we improve our self-esteem according to Roosevelt
A．We’d better not give up. B．We need to increase our confidence.
C．We should keep overcoming obstacles. D．We may look on the bright side of things.
47．Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt
A．Optimistic and determined. B．Self-confident and selfish.
C．Self-disciplined and indecisive. D．Aimless and proud.
48．What can be the best title for this passage
A．Everything Is Possible
B．Life Lessons from Theodore Roosevelt
C．The Key to Success-- Self-confidence
D．Success Depends on Available Resource
（十三）
（23-24 高二上·北京房山·期中）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two
qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance:
curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have
never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was
not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa
and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and
asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and
need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most
of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.
And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little comer, to avoid
foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked
them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have
to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who
couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she
is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability Most
people don’t. There are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good, because it’s
always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of
Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when
he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never
be more alive than you are at this moment.
49．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument
50．According to the author, a person with “his child’s heart” tends to ________.
A．lead a simple and satisfying life
B．be curious about the unknown
C．follow the custom all the time
D．try to avoid making mistakes
51．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
B．Experience and special abilities are the keys to success.
C．The genius can get things done easily and creatively.
D．Satisfying yourself can help you become an expert.
52．What could be the best title of the passage
A．Young Minds Never Feel Contented
B．Trial and Error Leads lo Success
C．The Keys to Achievement
D．Well Begun Is Half Done
（十四）
（23-24 高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore
up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling
against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going
farther and farther away. So museums do what they can to attract people, and the results are
occasionally wonderful and occasionally laughable.
The worst of such results occurs when some curator, someone who is in charge of a museum,
decides that the reason the audience isn’t pouring through the doors is that the content is over their
heads — the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific
explanations too in-depth. What occurs then is a uniform simplifying of the exhibits. Text is
minimized, and historically significant pieces are passed over in favor of those more pretty and
pleasing. The museum becomes a place where people go to look at pretty things instead of a place
for learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science.
All these efforts have given rise to the concept of “edutainment”— a mixture in which
learning is supposed to be accomplished without any effort at all on the part of the visitor.
Displays are constructed with an eye toward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped
secretly in, as though learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcoated before the average
museum visitors can be induced (劝诱) to swallow it. But true education is an active pursuit, not
something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to
look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts.
If a museum becomes indistinguishable from a theme park, it has failed. Nonprofit
institutions exist because, if they did not, no for-profit institutions would serve their function. If
active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to
resemble successful entertainment enterprises.
53．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A．Modern museums succeed in raising funds.
B．Modern museums have been quite appreciated.
C．Modern museums are facing many challenges.
D．Modern museums are often far away from city centers.
54．Which of the following best explains “over their heads” underlined in paragraph 2
A．simple and pleasing B．badly expressed
C．educational and important D．too difficult to understand
55．Which of the following would the author most probably agree with
A．Learning is supposed to be interesting.
B．Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums.
C．Museums should help visitors enjoy learning.
D．Museums shouldn’t provide complex content.
56．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To point out a problem of modern museums.
B．To encourage readers to visit museums.
C．To advise readers to acquire knowledge actively.
D．To show some good changes in modern museums.
（十五）
（23-24 高二上 ·山东滨州 ·期中）Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of
children. Whether Johnny can read, whether Johnny knows right from wrong, whether Johnny is a
happy, well-adjusted kid or shy and bad-tempered, has a whole lot to do with the kind of parenting
Johnny has received. If Johnny’s mom and dad have been able to come through with lasting,
determining loving attention, the odds (可能性) are that Johnny is on track to become a productive,
compassionate citizen. If they have not, Johnny is in trouble—and so is our nation.
Thirty years ago Chicago sociologist James S. Coleman showed that parental involvement
mattered far more in determining school success than any quality of the formal education system.
Across a wide range of subject areas, in literature, science and reading, Coleman estimated that the
parent was twice as powerful as the school in determining achievement at age fourteen.
Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg, who recently completed a six-year study of 20,000 teenagers in
nine different communities, confirms the importance of parents. Steinberg shows that one out of
three parents is “seriously disengaged” from his or her adolescent’s education, and this is the
primary reason why so many American students perform below their potential—and below
students in other rich countries.
A weight of evidence now shows obvious links between absent parents and a wide range of
behavioral and emotional problems in children. A 2017 study of 90,000 teenagers—the Add
Health Project undertaken by the Carolina Population Center and the Adolescent Health Program
at the University of Minnesota—found that youngsters are less likely to get hopeless, use drugs or
become involved in crime when they spent significant time with their parents. This study found
that only the physical presence of a parent in the home after school at dinner and at bedtime
significantly reduces the incidence of risky behavior among teenagers.
57．What can be inferred from paragraph 1
A．Children should be taught to be successful in life.
B．Children are affected by many factors during the growth.
C．Parents’ character has a deep influence on children.
D．Parents should be strict with their children about behaviors.
58．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph I refer to
A．Odds. B．Parents. C．Citizens. D．Children.
59．What’s the purpose of Lawrence Steinberg’s research
A．To know the importance of parents’ company. B．To find out why there are so many
crimes.
C．To get ways to prevent teenagers’ bad behaviors. D．To find links between parents’
education and crimes.
60．What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ company with children
A．Dismissive. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear.
（十六）
（23-24 高二上·山东滨州·期中）Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to
learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhattan.
Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier
helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash. “I
had money but I couldn’t pay,” he said.
Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks
down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many
transactions (交易).
Supporters for banning cashless stores worry that technology is moving too fast for the 6.5%
of American households—8.4 million—that do not have a bank account.
Business owners who go cashless say they are following the lead of majority of customers
who are abandoning cash payments. Retailers are under pressure to satisfy customers with higher
expectations for fast and convenient service, driven by companies like Amazon and Uber.
Leo Kremer, co-worker of Dos Toros, said the amount of cash transactions at his stores fell
from about 50% a decade ago to 15% last year. Cash transactions made handling cash especially
troublesome. Before going cashless, Dos Toros locations were robbed twice.
Financial experts who work with low-income people caution against making assumptions
about the shopping preferences or buying power of those who rely on cash. Justine Zinkin, CEO
of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding
ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer
no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas.
61．What trouble was Hembert Figueroa faced with at Dos Toros Taqueria
A．He failed to find a cashier for help. B．He couldn’t make a deal with cash.
C．He took no money or a card with him. D．He was caught carrying false bank notes.
62．What does the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Strong disagreement. B．Warm welcome. C．Heated debate.
D．High expectation.
63．What did Justine Zinkin suggest according to the text
A．Making regulations to ban cashless stores.
B．Raising the buying power of low-income people.
C．Finding ways for banks to adapt with the digital time.
D．Making banks more accessible to low-income people.
64．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．An introduction of cashless stores, a new form of transaction.
B．An introduction of cashless stores, a production of new technology.
C．A discussion about whether cashless stores are lawful.
D．A discussion about whether cashless stores should be banned.
（十七）
（23-24 高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）The first time you start to read a poem, you must relax and
read through it without concentrating on its meaning. Imagine you are meeting a person for the
first time. You will just observe him and listen to his voice, as well as watch his shapes or
movements, but you have not yet known what he is all about. Likewise, you may enjoy the sound,
rhythms, or wording, and form some first impressions about a poem.
On your second reading, you should concentrate more on the general meaning of the poem.
This time, you will want to compare your feelings about the poem by now with how you felt
before. Are they the same What is different and why
Your third reading will focus more on details: the words, phrases, or images. Looking up
any unfamiliar words in a dictionary so that you can gain a more accurate understanding. Using
the example given above about meeting someone, his image will change gradually and slightly as
you meet and learn more about him. Therefore, in your additional readings, it is a good idea to
compare your understanding each time with the understanding before.
A helpful approach to further understanding a poem is to summarize it in your own words.
Compare your version of understanding with those of others reading the same poem, and listen to
how they form such opinions. Remember, however, that there is no exact or right meaning for a
poem, as most poets have admitted they themselves are not exactly sure what they meant when
writing certain lines or phrases; they have even been heard to say on occasion that sometimes
words just seem to “drop from heaven” and land on the page. That is what awakening the
imagination is all about. If you are lucky, and if you practice enough, magical things may happen
when you write and you may be able to produce a beautiful poem or other work of art yourself.
65．Why does the author give the example of “meeting a person”
A．To arouse readers’ interest B．To support his argument
C．To offer some advice D．To interpret his point
66．What will you gain from the third reading of a poem
A．General meaning. B．Rhythm beauty.
C．Deeper meaning. D．Poetic structure.
67．What does the underlined word “ that ” refer to
A．Poets themselves don’t understand their poems.
B．Beautiful poems drop from heaven occasionally.
C．Poetic meanings are open to different explanations.
D．Writing a summary helps understand a poem.
68．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Inspiration and hard work help create great poems.
B．Poetry is an expression of one’s will in words.
C．Practice and patience make a man perfect.
D．Luck marches with those who give their very best.
（十八）
（23-24 高二上·江苏扬州·期中）With the advancement in AI technology, people are debating the
boundary between robot and man: Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace
humans Rather, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become
machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand — the intelligent distribution
system. “To make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic
to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think but have to follow the guide of
the system. All they have to do is riding as fast as possible. The navigation (导航) system charts
the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road
— which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race
against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster,
and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of
“system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go
against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and
the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that
push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud
data of the platform, and the algorithm (算法) will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When
everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up accordingly.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a
number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people,
but not enslave them.
Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
69．According to the passage, what can we learn about the technology
A．Robots has become more intelligent and taken place of humans.
B．AI technology are quickening takeout riding with navigation system.
C．The navigation system hasn’t yet mapped out the best route for these riders.
D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather.
70．What does the underlined word “chart” in paragraph 2
A．To make a map of B．To follow the progress of
C．To plan an action of D．To be ranked on a list of
71．What do the take-out riders often NOT do to ensure the shortest delivery time
A．Over-speeding B．Running red lights
C．Going on the wrong road D．Keeping traffic rules
72．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology
A．Supportive B．Cautious C．Negative D．Doubtful
（十九）
（23-24 高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Slowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer’s mind
when she turned 70 last year. She’d enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade.
She didn’t feel too old to travel.
Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel
The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car in Europe, for example. In Croatia,
Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies
require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a “no” for many
travelers.
Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age.
It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement
blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on a Caribbean tour, “You
can’t expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care.” she says. “Tour guides
don’t have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn’t have
traveled with us in this situation.”
But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in
1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a
couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.”
If you ask travel experts, they’ll tell you that age is just a number. It’s a question of physical,
and to a certain extent, mental ability. “Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their
good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect,” says Sara
Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. “Someone
in their 40s may struggle more than someone in their 80s.”
73．What is Schaefer expected to do if she travels in Croatia this year
A．She can rent a car to go around.
B．She will receive 24/7 medical care.
C．She has to pay more insurance fees.
D．She can participate in all the activities.
74．What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old’s traveling
A．His old age. B．His stubborn personality.
C．His lack of medical skills. D．His poor physical condition.
75．What do we know about Grand Circle Travel
A．It is a non-profit traveling organization.
B．It is intended for the senior customers.
C．It offers service to a wide range of travelers.
D．It has a history of more than seven decades.
76．What is the author’s attitude towards traveling at an old age
A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Critical.
（二十）
（23-24 高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of
refugees (难民) overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee
camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades.
In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever
leaving their camp.
Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist
who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001,
described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food
truck arrived.
Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and are overrun with disease or crime.
In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.
One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the
local population. This is known as the “self-settlement”. Several aid agencies argue that the
self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled
refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in
camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which
refugees are helped to self-settle.
Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest
possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all
gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of
food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as
family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out
much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.
77．Who are responsible for the refugees’ dependence on donations
A．Critics. B．Children. C．Refugee camps. D．UNHCR and the
ICRC．
78．What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy
A．More personal aid. B．More living space.
C．Better training programs. D．A better sense of security.
79．What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring
A．It can help save much land. B．It’s easier for them to get schooling.
C．It can reduce the number of orphans. D．It allows families to better help each other.
80．Which of the following is not discussed in the text
A．The advantages of refugee camps. B．The disadvantages of refugee camps.
C．The advantages of the self-settlement. D．The disadvantages of the self-settlement.
（二十一）
（23-24 高二上·浙江宁波·期中）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by
driving petrol and diesel(柴油 ) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic,
creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides.The solution for a cleaner, greener future
could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be There was much excitement last year
when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030.
But is that easier said than done
The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life
is an issue ——a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also
limited numbers of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into. Of course, technology is
always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge
amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now
making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC,
“The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile
phones and laptops before they progress to cars. “These will charge more quickly and give cars a
bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But
some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging
for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on,
overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per
capita(人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that
“electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car
has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe
it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport.
81．What can we infer from the question at the end of Paragraph 1
A．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles.
B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems.
C．We should not be too optimistic about the future.
D．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones.
82．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in Paragraph 2
A．permission B．encouragement C．admission D．insistence
83．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future.
B．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”.
C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric.
D．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future.
84．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．Electric Power or Petrol: A Tough Decision to Make
B．Electric Vehicles: A Road to a Greener Future
C．Total Electric Traffic: A Long Way to Go
D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: A Main Source of Gases
（二十二）
（23-24 高二上·浙江台州·期中）Shortly after ChatGPT was released, in early 2023,a freelance
writer named Jason Colavito posted on social media that a computer was replacing him with AI,
because it could write content for free. But he is also wanted - at a small amount of his normal rate
– to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text. This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries
instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI. The problem is a culture that devalues human labor
(劳动).
With the release of new AI applications, discussions about the future of work are back in full
force. A recent study looked at professions in the United States, from poets to financial managers,
predicting the 19 percent will soon lose 50 percent of their tasks to AI. But our precious
experience with automation suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply
replacing human work.
In 2019, independent research organization Data & Society studied how automation is
being integrated in farm management and grocery stores. Counter to the popular belief that the
technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu and
Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of
the work. For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they
were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure
their smooth operation in the store. Most importantly, Mateescu and Elish discovered that the new
tasks, which helped accommodate and employ the ‘automated’ technology, were often
undervalued or even invisible.
The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t
because the robots are coming for us, it’s cultural. As jobs get disrupted and people’s livelihoods
are threatened, it’s easy to point fingers at technology as the unavoidable reason, whether you’re
an expert or an employer. But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers
be mistreated. It’s a big thing to change, but it’s not set in stone. And that’s the real ‘robots and
jobs’ conversation we need to be having.
85．What does the underlined word “slashed” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Created. B．Improved. C．Reduced. D．Removed.
86．What did Mateescu and Elish find
A．Automated technology was taking away almost all jobs.
B．New advanced devices were being integrated in various jobs.
C．Humans were still needed to take care of AI-generated problems.
D．Humans couldn’t understand the real value in their own jobs.
87．What’s the main cause of the deskilling and devaluing of labor
A．The introduction of robots. B．The nature of jobs.
C．The change of workers. D．The attitude to labor.
88．What’s the best title for the text
A．Work Gets Deskilled by Robots
B．Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs
C．A Promising Future: Humans and Robots
D．A Wanted Conversation: Humans or Robots
（二十三）
（23-24 高二上·广东广州·期中）Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote
that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle
when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art
atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us
what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.
Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,
we related time to ecology What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏)
of human life We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with
engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in
balance. What if our definition of time reflected that
Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances
on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a
clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which
are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic
clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on
average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite
effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s
a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间
框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts
to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers
river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to
counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also
connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected”
official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal
connect ion to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river. time and other
timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most
noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping
system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
89．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A．Everyone can define time on their own terms.
B．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists
90．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to .
A．evaluate an argument
B．introduce an approach
C．present an assumption
D．highlight an experiment
91．What can we learn from this passage
A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.
92．What can we infer from this passage
A．History is a mirror reflecting reality.
B．We should live in harmony with nature.
C．A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
D．It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
（二十四）
（23-24 高二上·河南焦作·专题 03 阅读理解之议论文
（一）
（ 23-24 高二上 · 福建莆田 · 期中） With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now
experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us
with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely
connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really
starts to control the world around us, what comes next
Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need
them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are
outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer We have the emotions and
imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because
humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human
imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable
jobs anymore!
By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future.
The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big
demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should
be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on
jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity
of the human mind than the arts I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to
share our imaginations with everyone!
So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your
dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time
to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here.
1．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem.
C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking.
2．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement
A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
3．Why are art-related jobs also important
A．They have opened up our world. B．They help people realize their dreams.
C．They will be in great demand in the future. D．They can show the innovation of human.
4．What is the tone of the passage
A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive.
C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是科技的进步使得机器工作代替了人类的工作，让
人们对未来的工作担忧。然而，人类有情感和想象力，是机器无法替代的。因此，未来应该
重视科技和机器人领域的工作，同时也应该注重艺术和娱乐领域的工作。我们应该鼓励未来
的一代追求自己的梦想。现在是 21 世纪，是一个美好的时代，而且未来将会更加美好。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an
adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday
tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to
our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to
control the world around us, what comes next (随着互联网的发明，人类正在经历一场技术进
步的冒险。如今，科技帮助我们完成日常任务，比如开车、购物甚至约会。科技与我们的生
活联系如此紧密，以至于我们很容易忽视一个重要的问题：当科技真正开始控制我们周围的
世界时，接下来会发生什么？)”可知，文章第一段看门见山，引出话题：科技对人类的影响。
作者在第一段结尾提出一个问题，是为了引起读者的思考和注意本文要讨论的问题：当科技
发展到开始控制我们周围的世界时，人类的生活会受到什么影响。通过提问，作者希望读者
能够思考和思索技术对我们生活的影响，并引发对未来的思考和讨论。故选 D 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because
humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human
imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable
jobs anymore!(机器可能比人工作得更快，但那是因为人类就是这样建造机器的。这本身就
是人类想象力的惊人成就。我们是才华横溢、充满激情的生物，我们不应该再被困在痛苦的
工作中了！)”可知，作者认为人类创造了机器，人类可以控制机器，我们应该为自己创造出
来的机器而感到自豪，由此可推知，作者对技术进步的态度是赞成的。故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment.
It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts I
believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone!
(此外，我们还应该关注艺术和娱乐方面的工作。这听起来可能很疯狂，但有什么能比艺术
更能反映人类思维的创造力呢？我相信科技打开了我们的世界，让我们与大家分享我们的想
象力！)”可知，与艺术相关的工作之所以重要，是因为这些工作通过科技，打开了我们的世
界，展现了人类的创造力、想象力。故选 A 项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks
such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. (如今，科技帮助我们完成日常任务，比如开
车、购物甚至约会。)”，作者描述了技术的现状及其对日常生活的影响，强调了它与人类生
活的密切联系，这种描述的语气有助于为随后对技术控制世界的潜在后果进行批判性分析奠
定基础。第二段以批判的视角反映了作者对技术对人类就业的负面影响的担忧，并提出了关
于人类在机器控制的世界中的价值和目的的问题。同时，作者强调了人类情感和想象力的重
要性，并将它们与机器的效率进行了对比。这一批判性分析表明，人类具有独特的品质，不
能被技术复制，应该在未来的职业中得到重视和利用。最后，作者建议关注科技和机器人领
域的工作，以及艺术和娱乐领域的工作。这一批判性观点挑战了传统的工作角色观念，鼓励
人们转向需要创造力和创新的领域，强调了人类想象力在技术时代蓬勃发展的潜力。故文章
的基调为“Descriptive and critical(描述性和批判性)”。故选 C 项。
（二）
（23-24 高二上·江西宜春·期中）No more wet towels on the bathroom floor, and no more empty
juice plastic boxes. No more doors closing at 3 a. m. , and no more coming home to a noisy crowd
of strangers around the kitchen table. There’s nothing so quiet, says a friend whose youngest has
just moved out.
But if adjusting to an empty nest can be tough (difficult), it seems there is one thing tougher:
a formerly empty nest that suddenly fills back up again. According to a research from the London
School of Economics (LSE), parents whose grown up children don’t actually manage to leave
—who move out, only to bounce right back again —are actually less happy than those whose
fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly fly off without a backward glance. The quality of life for parents of
boomerang (coming back) kids fell on average by about 0.8 points on the LSE researchers’ scale.
A quarter of young British adults now live with their parents, more than at any time since
records began in1966. But more shockingly, this is no longer just about the young. Around a
quarter of a million people aged between 35 and 44 still live at home with their parents and the
idea that that can all be blamed on helicopter parents making it too easy for their little darlings not
to grow up isn’t logical. Midlife divorce, insecure gig economy work and straightforward poverty
all play their part in driving what were once perfectly functioning grown-ups back to their teenage
bedrooms.
These kids are admittedly luckier than those for whom going back home is sadly not an
option. But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job,
or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place
where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society
shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it
leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.
5．According to the first two paragraphs, parents of boomerang children _________.
A．have to do too much housework B．feel bad about it
C．expect their children to live together D．enjoy higher quality of life
6．Why do these boomerang kids circle back home
A．To avoid their life pressure. B．To nurse elderly parents.
C．Because their parents choose to take them in. D．Because they have helicopter parents.
7．What is the author’s attitude to this trend
A．Supportive. B．Confused. C．Uninterested. D．Disapproving.
8．What’s the best title for the text
A．Does the empty nest matter B．Is the nest really empty
C．What worries grown-ups D．How do parents help their kids
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者针对英国日益增多的成年人回到父母身边啃老的社会问题
发表了自己的看法，并分析了问题产生的原因及应对策略。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a research from the London School of Economics
(LSE), parents whose grown up children don’t actually manage to leave —who move out, only to
bounce right back again —are actually less happy than those whose fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly
fly off without a backward glance. The quality of life for parents of boomerang (coming back)
kids fell on average by about 0.8 points on the LSE researchers’ scale.(根据伦敦经济学院(LSE)
的一项研究，那些已经成年的孩子没有真正离开的父母——他们搬出去，只是为了马上回来
——实际上比那些刚出生的孩子不回头就无情地飞走的父母更不快乐。在伦敦经济学院研究
人员的量表中，“回巢族”孩子的父母的生活质量平均下降了约 0.8 个百分点)”可知，根据前
两段，回巢族孩子的父母更不快乐，也就是为此感到难过。故选 B 项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Midlife divorce, insecure gig economy work and straightforward
poverty all play their part in driving what were once perfectly functioning grown-ups back to their
teenage bedrooms.(中年离婚、没有安全感的零工经济工作以及赤裸裸的贫困，都在驱使曾经
功能完美的成年人回到青少年时期的卧室)”可知，各种来自生活的压力迫使成年人回家啃老。
故选 A 项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of
coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a
choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a
healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back
for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.(但是，当选择和妈妈
住在一起是应对不稳定的工作或城市租金的唯一方法时，这就不是什么好选择了。家仍然是
一个地方，当你必须去那里时，他们必须接纳你。但是一个健康和成功的社会不应该让那么
多年龄过大的孩子匆忙赶回家寻求庇护，也不应该让那么多父母为此感到难过。)”可推知，
作者不赞成这种趋势。故选 D 项。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文针对英国日益增多的成年人回到父母身边啃老的社会问题
发表了自己的看法，并分析了问题产生的原因。B 项“Is the nest really empty (巢真的是空的
吗？)”引发人们对成年人返巢现象的思考，是文章最佳标题。故选 B 项。
（三）
（23-24 高二上·宁夏吴忠·期中）There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called
So Much Trouble In the World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many
problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too—
that’s why it made Nov16th “International Day for Tolerance”.
But first of all, what is tolerance According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the
consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱)and error; let us pardon each other’s
fool— that is the first law of nature.”
Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot
to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by
males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put
themselves in the shoes of women.
It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best
words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here To agree to be “tolerant” of someone
isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s
something wrong with them.
Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something
that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give
things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.
9．What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”
A．To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people.
B．To celebrate the founding of the UN.
C．To solve the problem of global warming.
D．To change people’s opinion towards globalization.
10．Why do men behave intolerantly towards women
A．Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN.
B．Because men are physically stronger than women.
C．Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women.
D．Because men willing to understand women.
11．Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”
A．Because they are hard to pronounce in English.
B．Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to.
C．Because they can’t be translated into other languages.
D．Because they can’t be used in a respectful way.
12．In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”
A．Humans are advised to treat others better.
B．Humans leant to find faults in others.
C．Humans need to give something to others.
D．Humans will change their attitudes to others.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了联合国设定“国际宽容日”目的、宽容的定义以及
宽容和原谅的关系。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“Marley understood that part of the reason why there
are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands
this too— that is why it made November 16th “International Day for Tolerance”.(马利明白，世界
上有这么多问题的部分原因是人们之间缺乏宽容。联合国也理解这一点，因此将 11 月 16 日
定为“国际宽容日”)”可知，“国际宽容日”的目的是为了“唤起人们的宽容意识”。故选 A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“But often, the behavior of men toward women is
intolerant because men do not put themselves in the shoes of women.(但通常，男人对女人的行为
是不宽容的，因为男人不会设身处地为女人着想)”可知，男人对女人不宽容的原因是男人不
会设身处地的为女人着想。故选 C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It is worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and
“intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we are speaking here To
agree to be “tolerant” of someone is not necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is
tolerated, it implies that there is something wrong with them.(“容忍”和“不容忍”这两个词值得思
考一下。它们是描述我们在这里所说的罪恶的最佳词汇吗？同意对某人“宽容”并不一定是一
件很有礼貌的事情。当一个人被容忍时，这意味着他有问题)”可知，宽容不一定是礼貌的，
被容忍意味着有问题。可以推测，这两个词根本没有表达出人们所指的确切含义。故选 B。
12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect
and this weakness is something that we all share. That is the reason we should be tolerant. It is a
little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our
forgiveness.(然而，伏尔泰所说的是：我们人类并不是完美的，这种弱点是我们共同的。这
就是我们应该宽容的原因。这有点像慷慨。我们可以把东西给别人，也可以原谅别人)”可知，
把东西给别人和原谅别人比较相似。故选 C。
（四）
（23-24 高二上·四川成都·期中）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as
something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist
Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping
stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.
In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and
become less motivated to persevere(坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the
“sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us
picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈 ) from others suggests the opposite, it
poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away
the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you
don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to
impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our
shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says.
It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the
process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this
decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and
improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its
importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your
goals.
13．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1
A．To offer an approach to handling failure.
B．To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
C．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
D．To discuss the relationship between success and failure.
14．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”
A．It does harm to our self-image. B．It pictures us as perfect people.
C．It protects us from false feedback. D．It makes us refuse negative feedback to
ourselves.
15．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Hurriedly. B．Mistakenly. C．Unhappily. D．Carelessly.
16．Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A．Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”.
B．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
C．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy.
D．Don’t escape when our self-image gets challenged.
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。大多数人难以积极地应对失败，在失败时就会贬低自己的任务，
缺乏动力去坚持目标，这种心理现象就是酸葡萄效应。但酸葡萄效应可能会产生负面影响，
所以我们要学会面对失败，而不是一味地贬低失败的事情并假装一切没有发生，这样才能让
我们更容易达到我们的目标。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as
something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist
Samuel Beckett—‘Fail again. Fail better.’(在今天的励志文学中，失败常常被视为值得庆祝的
事情。富有励志演讲者喜欢引用小说家塞缪尔·贝克特的话——‘再次失败。失败得更好。’)”
可知，作者提到励志演讲者引用的话“再次失败。失败得更好。”是想证明如今的励志文学常
常将失败视为值得庆祝的事情，由此可推测出，作者想要介绍对待失败的普遍态度。故选
B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sjastad explains that ‘sour-grape effect’ is a self-protective
mechanism(机制). ‘Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback(反馈) from
others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,’ he says. (Sjastad 解释说，
‘酸葡萄效应’是一种自我保护机制。‘我们大多数人都认为自己是有能力的人，所以当外部反
馈不是这样时，它会对自我形象构成严重威胁，’他说。)”和“The easiest way out is to deny or
explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self.(最简单的解决方法是否
认或为这种辩解信号辩解，这样我们就可以保持积极的自我意识。)”可知，“酸葡萄效应”是
一种自我保护机制，当外部反馈与自我形象不一致时，我们就会否认或为这种外部信号辩解，
从而保护自己。由此可推测出，“酸葡萄效应”会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选 D。
15．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might
learn and improve”可知，而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高，这里应与 rather
than 后的内容相反，表示的是我们会提前做出不再坚持这种决定，prematurely 意为“提前地。
过早地，仓促地”，与 A 项“匆忙地”意思最接近。故选 A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing
its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your
goals.(然而，通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性并且假装什么都没发生，你可能会
发现实现目标更容易。)”可知，作者在最后建议要学会面对失败带来的失望，而不是贬低失
败并假装一切都没发生过，这样会更加有助于实现目标。由此可推测出，作者认为当我们的
自我形象受到质疑时，不要一味地逃避。故选 D。
（五）
（23-24 高二上·北京顺义·期中）If you analyze people’s actions, you will come to the conclusion
that they all seek happiness. Every act is in fact a search for it, even if on the surface it doesn’t
look so. Happiness is always the main target.
Going to the movies, eating in a restaurant and going to a party are all motivated by the
desire to be happy. Who does not dream of a vacation in some fascinating locations, a new car, a
new house, or the ideal match All people daydream, and some even try to make their dream a
reality. And why is that In order to be happy!
Many people endanger themselves by climbing steep mountains, entering unexplored caves,
or diving into the deep of the ocean in order to enjoy the few moments of happiness. A thief may
steal because he loves the thrill of danger, or because he desires to have quick money to spend. He
is actually looking for happiness, though in a perverted way.
Of course not all actions end in happiness. The motive is happiness, but the results do not
always bring the desire. According to some spiritual traditions, we are spiritual beings in physical
bodies. The spiritual part is always happy. Rather, it is happiness itself. But the physical body
covers this happiness essence(本质). There is a constant desire to find out this happiness. This is
the reason why happiness is constantly sought.
However, there is.no need to search for happiness or to create it, or to have all kinds of
outer experiences and actions in order to feel it. On the contrary, everything has to be dropped in
order to experience it. Every technique, which helps to relax the mind and calm the rush of
thoughts will lead to happiness.
17．From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that______.
A．happiness is a daydream
B．it is very hard to analyze people’s actions
C．many things people do are to attain happiness
D．one should act carefully so as not to show his purpose
18．The underlined word “perverted” in Paragraph 3 most likely means
A．illegal B．unfair C．cautious D．difficult
19．According to the author, why do people seek happiness all the time
A．All actions don’t result in the expected happiness
B．There is little awareness of the nature of happiness.
C．One’s physical body is controlled by his spiritual part.
D．People are so greedy that it’s hard to satisfy their desires.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了幸福的本质。
17．推理判断题。通读前两段，尤其根据第二段中“All people daydream, and some even try to
make their dream a reality. And why is that In order to be happy!(所有人都做白日梦，有些人甚
至试图让他们的梦想成为现实。为什么呢？为了幸福！)”可知，从前两段，我们可以得知人
们做的许多事情是为了获得幸福。故选 C 项。
18．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“A thief may steal because he loves the thrill of danger, or
because he desires to have quick money to spend. (小偷偷窃可能是因为他喜欢危险带来的刺激，
或者是因为他想要迅速赚到钱。)”谈论的是小偷进行非法偷窃的原因，从而推知划线词句“He
is actually looking for happiness, though in a perverted way. (他其实是在寻找幸福，虽然是以一
种 perverted 方式。)”其中划线词语意思是“非法的”。故选 A 项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The spiritual part is always happy. Rather, it is happiness itself.
But the physical body covers this happiness essence(本质). There is a constant desire to find out
this happiness. This is the reason why happiness is constantly sought. (精神部分总是幸福的。更
准确地说，它就是幸福本身。但肉体掩盖了幸福的本质。人们一直渴望找到这种幸福。这就
是人们不断寻求幸福的原因。)”可知，人们在寻求幸福时没有意识到幸福的本质所以就一直
在寻找幸福。故选 B 项。
（六）
（23-24 高二上·天津和平·期中）Female role models are having a moment. In the United States,
there is a female vice president. The women’s soccer team is fighting a public, uphill battle for
equal pay. Women are even making their way into what had seemed a permanent men’s club: the
senior operation ranks of the armed forces.
Role models inspire people by showing what is actually possible. Research supports that it
works: these pioneers not only help us imagine where we might go but also map out the path
there. Role models have also been shown to have a bigger impact on women and underrepresented
communities—those who have not easily achieved their goals. Seeing more women in the world
of science, girls of today are more likely, when asked to draw a scientist, to draw a woman than
those in past decades. Even one role model can benefit a child, helping them perform better in
school and maintain a positive attitude.
However, the idea of “good role models” needs an update, especially when it comes to girls;
otherwise the endless stream of shining snapshots of achievement they see can actually lead to
self-doubt. In addition to role models, our work on girls and the process of building confidence
has found that what girls really need are “work in progress” models. Girls tend to judge
themselves harshly and suffer from perfectionism. They need to see the struggles and failures in
their role models, as well as great perseverance. Anything that suggests success effortlessly
achieved can be discouraged rather than inspired, playing into girls’ worst self-doubt thinking
patterns.
Helping girls see the extraordinary in the seemingly ordinary is a good solution to unrealistic
expectations. “Everyday heroes have a special impact,” said the child psychologist Bonnie Zucker.
“Take a young girl who has to shoulder-the-responsibility for raising her brothers or sisters for
some reason. She might not have attractive social media presence, but her bravery, devotion, and
emotional labor are, in fact, heroic.”
20．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about
A．Some jobs suitable for females.
B．Some influences of female role models.
C．Females’ challenges at the workplace.
D．Females’ achievements in different fields.
21．What can we infer about role models from Paragraph 2
A．They give us realistic guides to success.
B．They help us know more outstanding people.
C．They are preferred by female groups.
D．They show us the value of keeping learning.
22．What influence can the snapshots of achievement have on girls
A．Broadening their minds.
B．Inspiring them to dream big.
C．Driving them to work harder.
D．Making them doubt themselves.
23．Why do girls need “work in progress” models
A．They make them achieve success quickly.
B．They help them accept their imperfect selves.
C．They teach them to be strict with themselves.
D．They encourage them to follow their dreams.
24．What does the author imply by mentioning Bonnie Zucher’s words
A．Many girls’ expectations are unrealistic.
B．Girls have a strong sense of responsibility.
C．Girls can follow heroic examples in daily life.
D．Social activities are of great importance to girls.
【答案】20．D 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了女性榜样的力量及产生原因和造成的影响。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the United States, there is a female vice president. The women’s
soccer team is fighting a public, uphill battle for equal pay. Women are even making their way
into what had seemed a permanent men’s club: the senior operation ranks of the armed forces.”
（在美国，有一位女性副总统。女子足球队正在进行一场公开的、艰苦的平等之战。女性甚
至进入了一个似乎是永久性的男性俱乐部：武装部队的高级行动级别。）可知，第一段主要
介绍了女性在不同领域取得的成就。故选 D 项。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段“Role models have also been shown to have a bigger impact on
women and underrepresented communities—those who have not easily achieved their goals.”（榜
样也被证明对妇女和代表性不足的社区——那些不容易实现目标的社区——有更大的影响。）
及“Even one role model can benefit a child, helping them perform better in school and maintain a
positive attitude.”（即使是一个榜样也能让孩子受益，帮助他们在学校表现更好，并保持积
极的态度。）可推断出，榜样可以为我们提供了通往成功的现实指南。故选 A 项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, the idea of “good role models” needs an update,
especially when it comes to girls; otherwise the endless stream of shining snapshots of
achievement they see can actually lead to self-doubt.”（然而，“好榜样”的概念需要更新，尤其
是在女孩方面；否则，源源不断的成就快照实际上会导致自我怀疑。）可知，成就快照对女
孩产生的影响是会导致她们的自我怀疑。故选 D 项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“Girls tend to judge themselves harshly and suffer from
perfectionism, They need to see the struggles and failures in their role models, as well as great
perseverance. Anything that suggests success effortlessly achieved can be discouraged rather than
inspired, playing into girls’ worst self-doubt thinking patterns.”（女孩往往会严厉地评判自己，
并遭受完美主义的折磨。她们需要看到自己的榜样身上的挣扎和失败，以及巨大的毅力。任
何暗示毫不费力就能取得成功的东西都可能受到阻碍，而不是受到鼓舞，这正好迎合了女孩
们最糟糕的自我怀疑思维模式。）可知，女孩需要“进行中的工作”模式通过看到榜样的挣扎
和失败，从而帮助她们接受不完美的自己。故选 B 项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Take a young girl who has to shoulder-the-responsibility for
raising her brothers or sisters for some reason. She might not have attractive social media
presence, but her bravery, devotion, and emotional labor are, in fact, heroic.”（以一个年轻女孩为
例，由于某种原因，她不得不承担抚养兄弟姐妹的责任。她可能在社交媒体上没有引人注目
的形象，但她的勇敢、奉献和情感劳动实际上是英雄般的）可知，作者提到邦妮·祖彻的话
是为了让女孩们可以在日常生活中以英雄为榜样。故选 C 项。
（七）
（22-23 高二上·江苏宿迁·期中）Are you a tea drinker If so, you’re not alone. Every day around
the world millions of cups of this popular brew (沏茶 ) are drunk. The oldest discovered tea is
from the Han Dynasty. But the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty, when it became
China’s national drink.
Tea is the second most consumed drink in the world. Most of us can’t resist a cup of tea
sometimes. They’re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter. For many, having a “cuppa” is a daily
routine. And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can have some health
benefits. Drinking black tea may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life, though we do
not know what ingredients of tea take effect. Also, drinking seven or more cups of green tea was
associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So, if we turn
to tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver!
Tea is consumed in many ways — slurped, sipped or glugged (大口喝). It can be poured
from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing
concern. Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed
high levels of microplastics into water. However, The World Health Organization says such
particles in drinking water do not appear to pose a risk.
Most tea bags are made from paper, with a small amount of plastic used to seal them shut.
This has led to debate about whether they can be recycled. However, gardener Mike Armitage has
said that the plastic contained in the soil could be washed into streams and rivers and ultimately
out to sea.
Unilever, the owners of the tea brand PG Tips, said their tea bags are made with a small
amount of plastic-used to seal them-and that they are suitable for composting. And the brand
Yorkshire Tea said their bags do contain plastic, but they were actively developing recyclable
things to replace the plastic.
25．What can we learn about tea from paragraph 2
A．Drinking black tea and green tea has similar effects on our health.
B．Habitual tea consumption benefits us both physically and mentally.
C．We have found out what ingredients of tea help people relieve stresses.
D．Many people consume tea daily because it can cure some strange diseases.
26．What makes some people worried according to the passage
A．The ingredients of tea. B．The change of tea set.
C．The brew with tea bags. D．The different tastes of tea.
27．What is the passage mainly about
A．People around the world enjoy tea. B．People enjoy tea but debate tea bags.
C．Some ingredients in tea have negative effects. D．Many tea businesses try to improve tea
quality.
28．Which column of a newspaper may the passage probably come from
A．Tourism. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Culture.
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．B 28．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有好处，但对于用茶包
喝茶，人们有不同的看法。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can
have some health benefits. Drinking black tea may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in
life, though we do not know what ingredients of tea take effect.(根据一些科学家的说法，习惯性
喝茶对健康有益。喝红茶可以加速从日常生活中的压力中恢复过来，尽管我们不知道茶的哪
些成分会起作用)”可知，习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有好处。故选 B。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea
bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern. Scientists from McGill University in
Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed high levels of microplastics into water.(它可以
从壶里倒出来，也可以用茶包在杯子里冲泡，而后者引起了人们的关注。蒙特利尔麦吉尔大
学的科学家发现，一些“塑料”茶包会向水中释放大量的微塑料)”可知，用茶包泡茶让一些人
担心。故选 C。
27．主旨大意题。根据第三段“It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea
bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern.(它可以从壶里倒出来，也可以用茶包
在杯子里冲泡，而后者引起了人们的关注)”结合文章主要说明了习惯性喝茶对我们身心都有
好处，但对于用茶包喝茶，人们有不同的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是人们喜欢喝
茶，但对茶包争论不休。故选 B。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you a tea drinker If so, you’re not alone. Every day around
the world millions of cups of this popular brew (沏茶) are drunk. The oldest discovered tea is
from the Han Dynasty. But the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty, when it became
China’s national drink. (你喜欢喝茶吗？如果是这样，你并不孤单。每天全世界都有数百万杯
这种受欢迎的饮料被喝掉。最早发现的茶来自汉代。但茶的风潮真正开始是在唐朝，当时茶
成为了中国的国饮)”以及第三段“It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using
tea bags — and it’s this latter process that is causing concern.(它可以从壶里倒出来，也可以用茶
包在杯子里冲泡，而后者引起了人们的关注)”结合文章主要说明了习惯性喝茶对我们身心都
有好处，但对于用茶包喝茶，人们有不同的看法。由此推知，文章可能选自杂志的“文化”一
栏。故选 D。
（八）
（23-24 高二上·四川眉山·期中）Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be.
When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that
you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the
smooth sailing that you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing
you want to hear is “Cheer up!”
Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re
down, maybe the following will provide motivation.
Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational
(极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than
something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that
shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.
Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though
there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as
well.
You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another
person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself.
Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more
awesome than you give yourself credit for.
Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t
follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down
terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first
time).
Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than
five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in
something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work,
so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for
losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.
29．The author mentioned bad news in order to show that .
A．bad news makes people see things in a negative light
B．bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes
C．bad news attracts people to see positive things
D．bad news has a negative effect on television ratings
30．What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean
A．Unstable emotions. B．Important events.
C．Amazing incidents . D．Something unpleasant.
31．How should we view failure according to the passage
A．We will change our behaviour.
B．We will keep trying the old method.
C．We should learn from failure.
D．We should think in a more complicated way.
32．What is the passage mainly about
A．It inspires us to learn from negative experiences.
B．It compares negative and positive experiences.
C．It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences.
D．It discusses how negative experiences affect others.
【答案】29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为我们面对不好的事情不应该沮丧或放弃，而是应该把这
当作学习的机会。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The fact is that something negative catches a lot more
attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light.(事
实是，消极的东西比积极的东西吸引更多的注意力，这是因为人们很容易从消极的角度看待
事物。)”可知，作者提到坏消息是为了说明坏消息更容易吸引人们的眼球。故选 B。
30．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as
well(你周围也有很多很棒的东西)”和 even though 可知，此处是指即使有很多让人不愉快的
事情，所以 nasty stuff 意为“让人不愉快的事情”。故选 D。
31．细节理解题。根据第八段第三句到第六句“However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the
slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know
that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure
it out.(然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库
增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到
你弄清楚为止。)”可知，我们应该从失败中学习。故选 C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your
situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.(不过，在你的处
境中，有几件事你可能没有注意到。下次你沮丧的时候，也许下面的建议会给你动力。)”，
第三段第一句“Firstly, not everything is bad(首先，并非所有事情都是坏的)”，最后一句
“However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.(然而，这不应该分散你对大局的
关注。)”和最后一段“Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated
than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail
in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work,
so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for
losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.(现在，你是成年人了。你正在尝试的事情比 5 岁的你
要复杂得多。然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的
数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，
直到你弄清楚为止。只有失败者才会放弃，而你肯定不是那种人。)”可知，文章主要是为了
激励我们从消极的经历中学习。故选 A。
（九）
（23-24 高二上·云南迪庆·期中）When it comes to the ocean, you may think of a visit to the
beach, whales or coral reefs. To me, I think the ocean is out of expanse of deep dark water and it is
filled with life and mystery and opportunity.
Whatever you think of, the ocean is much more. It is a complex physical, chemical and
biological system that takes up 70% of our planet. What we do know is that the ocean is an
important part of our life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that
we breathe. It also regulates temperature for the planet.
Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably
hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. Now we consider saving the ocean from plastic,
from oil spills or from overfishing. But really, we should be thinking about how the ocean is
saving us. It is saving us from the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need to
do is think about not how to save the ocean, but instead how the ocean can actually help us in this
fight against climate change.
Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It
is the world’s largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90% of the excess heat trapped by
greenhouse gases. So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable. When we think about
climate action, climate strategies and climate plans, we often overlook the ocean and leave it out
because somehow we think that saving the ocean is something else we have to do, not a core part
of our climate strategy.
That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system, and so it
has to be a core part of our climate solutions.
33．What does the author think of the ocean’s meaning to humans
A．It supports life system on the planet.
B．It offers chances to find mysterious treasure.
C．It provides a large number of deep dark water.
D．It is a perfect place to watch whales and coral reefs.
34．What does the underlined word “excess” mean in paragraph 4
A．Low. B．High. C．Moderate. D．Extra.
35．What would happen if we live without ocean
A．The poles would be hot. B．Overfishing would not be a problem.
C．The globe would be tougher to live on. D．The climate would be changed slightly.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．Strategies to save the ocean. B．Whether the ocean is habitable.
C．Saving the ocean is saving humans. D．A place to watch whales and coral reefs.
【答案】33．A 34．D 35．C 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了海洋对于我们的意义，并呼吁我们必须要保护海洋
系统。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What we do know is that the ocean is an important part of our
life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that we breathe. It also
regulates temperature for the planet.(我们所知道的是，海洋是地球上生命维持系统的重要组成
部分。它产生了我们呼吸的至少50%的氧气。它还调节着地球的温度)”及第四段中的“Already,
the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It is the world’s
largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90 % of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases. So
it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable.(海洋已经吸收了我们释放到大气中的 25%
到 30%的二氧化碳。它是世界上最大的碳汇。它还吸收了 90%被温室气体捕获的多余热量。
所以它基本上有助于保持地球适合居住)”可知，作者认为海洋对人类的意义在于它支持了地
球上的生命系统。故选 A。
34．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“trapped by greenhouse gases(被温室气体困住的热量)”及常
识可知，温室气体会造成全球变暖，因此它困住了多余的热量。由此可知，划线词 excess
与 extra“额外的”意思接近。故选 D。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and
the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. (没有海洋，两
极将冷得难以忍受，赤道将热得难以忍受。而且在地球上生活要困难得多)”可知，如果我们
生活中没有海洋，地球将变得更加难以生存。故选 C。
36．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and
the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. (没有海洋，两
极将冷得难以忍受，赤道将热得难以忍受。而且在地球上生活要困难得多)”及第四段中的“So
it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable.(所以它基本上有助于保持地球适合居住)”及
最后一段中的“That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system,
and so it has to be a core part of our climate solutions.(这是必须改变的，因为海洋是我们气候系
统的核心部分，所以它必须成为我们气候解决方案的核心部分)”可知，文章论述了海洋对于
我们的意义，并呼吁我们必须要保护海洋系统。由此可知，Saving the ocean is saving
humans.(拯救海洋就是拯救人类)能够概括文章大意。故选 C。
（十）
（23-24 高二上·山东青岛·期中）In the days before the internet, critical thinking was the most
important skill that informed citizens could have. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia
Kozyreva, a German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” With such
an overabundance of information, we need to first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and
what’s not.
The first strategy is self-nudging. This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we
have more quality time for ourselves. It also involves the removal of distracting things from the
environment around you. Of course, we need to stay informed of world events, so we can’t just
ignore the internet altogether. When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends setting
time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link after
another.
The next strategy is lateral (横向的) reading. Its purpose is to improve judgments about the
reliability of information, and to protect you from false and misleading information. The strategy
involves opening a new web page to find out more about the source of the information. Likewise,
it’s also good to check the source of the information in an internet post. Headlines are often
cheating. They’re designed to attract attention, not provide information. The main idea of the
article may be completely contrary to the implication in the headline. A sensational claim may
provide a link with a headline that seems to support it, but a careful reading of the original source
shows it doesn’t.
We live in a digital age in which we’re overwhelmed with information, much of it of poor
quality. Train our critical ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid
falling victim to those who try to control our attention.
37．Which of the following saying can best describe “critical ignoring”
A．Rob Peter to pay Paul. B．Make something out of nothing.
C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Separate the sheep from the goats.
38．What does the author suggest for applying self-nudging strategy
A．Improving study equipment. B．Managing our own time well.
C．Avoiding access to social media. D．Staying informed of what happened.
39．How can we get the reliable information of an article
A．By focusing on headlines. B．By reading posts at random.
C．By searching for original sources. D．By consulting authorities for advice.
40．What is the purpose of writing the text
A．To clarify a concept. B．To promote an app. C．To describe a scene.
D．To make a proposal.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“批判性忽视”展开论述，列举了实现它的两个策略及其
重要性。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With such an overabundance of information, we need to
first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and what’s not.”（面对如此丰富的信息，我们
首先需要决定哪些值得我们花时间和精力，哪些不值得。）可知，“critical ignoring”指的是在
大量的信息中我们要能分辨出有价值的信息和无用的信息。“Rob Peter to pay Paul”表示“拆东
墙补西墙”，Make something out of nothing 表示“无中生有”，Birds of a feather flock together
表示“物以类聚，人以群分”，Separate the sheep from the goats 表示“分辨好坏”，D 项强调分
辨能力，符合“critical ignoring”的描述。故选 D 项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we
have more quality time for ourselves.”（这包括避免低质量的信息，这样我们就有更多属于自
己的高质量时间。）及最后一句“When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends
setting time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link
after another.”（当你进入社交媒体时，Kozyreva 建议设置时间限制，这样可以防止你在点击
一个又一个吸引人的链接时忘记时间。）可知，作者认为在使用该策略时，要有良好的时间
管理观念，避免浪费时间在无用的信息上，以便节约更多时间在高质量的信息处理上。故选
B 项。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“The next strategy is lateral reading. Its purpose is to
improve judgments about the reliability of information, and to protect you from false and
misleading information. The strategy involves opening a new web page to find out more about the
source of the information.”（下一个策略是横向阅读。其目的是提高对信息可靠性的判断，并
保护您免受虚假和误导性信息的影响。该策略包括打开一个新的网页，以找到更多关于信息
来源的信息。 ）及最后一句“A sensational claim may provide a link with a headline that seems to
support it, but a careful reading of the original source shows it doesn’t.”（一个耸人听闻的说法可
能会提供一个似乎支持它的标题链接，但仔细阅读原始来源就会发现事实并非如此。）可知，
横向阅读包括找到更多信息来源的消息，而阅读这些原始文本可以提供可靠的信息。故选 C
项。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a
German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” ”（但德国心理学家
Anastasia Kozyreva 表示，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”。）；第二段第一
句“The first strategy is self-nudging. ”（第一种策略是自我推动）；第三段第一句“The next
strategy is lateral reading.”（下一个策略是横向阅读。）及第四段最后一句“Train our critical
ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid falling victim to those
who try to control our attention.”（训练我们的批判性忽视技能，我们可以从互联网中获益，
同时避免成为那些试图控制我们注意力的人的受害者。）可知，作者提出一个建议——批判
性忽视，并列举了实现它的两个策略及其重要性。故选 D 项。
（十一）
（23-24 高二上·江西抚州·期中）Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t
traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an
Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc.,
it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as
they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there.
“Virtual travel” is nothing new, of course. Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been
stimulating the senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It’s only in recent decades that frequent,
safe travel has become available to the non- wealthy.
Yet even as the world’s middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class
seat, there are signs of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental
sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant
societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience
the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends.
Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn’t plan to start selling
Avatars until next year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global
market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast,
ANA’s traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year.
But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that
bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s
robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s
high-tech future.
41．Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot
A．To show the Japanese are crazy about travel.
B．To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people’s real life.
C．To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots.
D．To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter.
42．Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel’s appearance
A．Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries.
B．Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people.
C．People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines.
D．More and more people lose interest in travel.
43．What does the underlined word “sustainability” probably mean in the third paragraph
A．Visibility. B．Availability.
C．insignificance. D．Continuousness
44．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Your Next Travel May Be Virtual.
B．Easy Travel in the Future.
C．Virtual Travel Benefits.
D．Air Travel Disappearing.
【答案】41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨虚拟旅行的发展趋势，并分析新技术对旅游行业
的影响。
41．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t
traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an
Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc.,
it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as
they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there.(这家日本最大
的航空公司认为，未来的旅行根本不是旅行。上个月，一对已婚夫妇一直在与一个名为阿凡
达的机器人互动，这个机器人是由他们的女儿在数百英里外控制的。它是全日空控股公司生
产的，外形就像一台装有 iPad 的真空吸尘器。但当他们聊天时，屏幕上显示的是女儿的脸，
它的轮子让她在房子里走动，就好像她真的在那里一样。)”可知，作者在第一段提到一对夫
妇与机器人互动的例子是为了告诉读者虚拟旅行开始进入人们的现实生活。故选 B。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to
airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting
physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel
industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends.(对环境可持续性的担忧给排
放大量碳的航空公司造成了损失。富裕社会的老龄化既限制了身体旅行，又创造了对体验世
界的替代方式的需求。对于旅游业来说，虚拟现实技术对这些趋势提供了一个有吸引力的回
应。)”可知，由于人们担心航空公司造成的空气污染，所以虚拟旅行的出现会成为现实。故
选 C。
43．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“cause loss to airlines which release much carbon(给排放
大量碳的航空公司造成了损失)”可知，对环境可持续性的担忧给排放大量碳的航空公司造成
了损失。由此可推断，划线词 sustainability 指的是“环境的可持续性”。选项 A“Visibility (可
见性)”；选项 B“Availability (可用性)”；选项 C“insignificance (不重要、渺小)”；选项
D“Continuousness (持续性)”。故选 D。
44．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t
traveling at all.(这家日本最大的航空公司认为，未来的旅行根本无需旅行。)”以及最后一段
“But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that
bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s
robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s
high-tech future.(但是，如果虚拟假期的商业价值仍然很弱，那么在家庭和同事之间架起物理
距离的技术市场似乎只会扩大。ANA 的机器人可能不会很快取代它的飞机，但它们几乎肯
定会成为未来高科技旅行的一部分。)”可知，文章主要探讨虚拟旅行的发展趋势。故选 A。
（十二）
（23-24 高二上·四川凉山·期中）Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which
can be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words,
when you are seeking success, use every available resource. Theodore Roosevelt had no time for
quitters (轻易放弃的人) or complainers. He would never accept that something was impossible.
Every task, every goal, and every dream can be completed. All you needed to do is to make a start.
Use what you have around you to take your first step. Do not make excuses for not doing
something. Instead, give all the reasons for setting out to complete the task. There is always an
alternative way of approaching a. project. Giving up is not one of those alternatives.
Neither quitters nor complainers achieve success. They continuously find ways of doing
anything. When you are chasing success, don’t give yourself excuses. Instead, challenge yourself.
Making the best of what you are given is positive. Achieving success through working to find
different ways of doing a task or overcoming an obstacle (障碍物) will make you feel good. Your
self-belief and confidence will be improved, and you will feel able to deal with whatever else
comes along.
Theodore Roosevelt was a great supporter of self-discipline. He believed that if we could not
control our own lives, how could we lead others When you put self-discipline on yourself, you
remove indecision and replace it with purposefulness. You become an example to others, which
adds to your self-esteem (自尊 ). What must we do, therefore, to boost our self-esteem Most
importantly, see the positive in everything. There will be positives in negative experiences. Even
in the negative, there are lessons to be learned and experiences to store away for the future. If
others are to believe in you, then you must believe in yourself.
Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th and youngest US President. He achieved high office as
a result of being a tough political operator and a man blessed with experience and wisdom. He was
determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of purpose. All of his achievements
came from his life lessons.
45．Which statement will Theodore Roosevelt probably agree with
A．Giving up is a good choice. B．Accept something impossible.
C．Using resources helps you succeed. D．Good beginning means good ending.
46．How can we improve our self-esteem according to Roosevelt
A．We’d better not give up. B．We need to increase our confidence.
C．We should keep overcoming obstacles. D．We may look on the bright side of things.
47．Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt
A．Optimistic and determined. B．Self-confident and selfish.
C．Self-disciplined and indecisive. D．Aimless and proud.
48．What can be the best title for this passage
A．Everything Is Possible
B．Life Lessons from Theodore Roosevelt
C．The Key to Success-- Self-confidence
D．Success Depends on Available Resource
【答案】45．C 46．D 47．A 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。它以西奥多·罗斯福为例，探讨了成功的方法和态度，文章通
过描述罗斯福的思想和行动来说明成功的重要性以及实现成功的方法以及总结了罗斯福的
经验和智慧对他达到的成就的影响，并号召读者相信自己并追求成功。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which can
be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words, when
you are seeking success, use every available resource.(西奥多·罗斯福对生活采取了坚定的态度，
这可以概括为“在你所处的地方，用你所拥有的去做你能做的”。换句话说，当你在寻求成功
时，利用每一个可用的资源)”可知，西奥多·罗斯福认为利用资源可以帮助你成功。故选 C
项。
46．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What must we do, therefore, to boost our self-esteem Most
importantly, see the positive in everything. There will be positives in negative experiences. Even
in the negative, there are lessons to be learned and experiences to store away for the future. If
others are to believe in you, then you must believe in yourself.(因此，我们必须做些什么来增强
我们的自尊呢 最重要的是，看到事物积极的一面。消极的经历中也会有积极的一面。即使
在消极的情况下，也有值得吸取的教训和值得为未来储存的经验。如果别人相信你，那么你
必须相信自己)”可知，罗斯福认为看到事物积极的一面可以增强自尊，也就是事物光明的一
面。故选 D 项。
47．推理判断题。根据第一段“Theodore Roosevelt took a determined approach to life, which can
be summarized as “do what you can with what you have, where you are.” In other words, when
you are seeking success, use every available resource.(西奥多·罗斯福对生活采取了坚定的态度，
这可以概括为“在你所处的地方，用你所拥有的去做你能做的”。换句话说，当你在寻求成功
时，利用每一个可用的资源)”以及第二段“Making the best of what you are given is positive.(充
分利用你所得到的是积极的)”和最后一段“He was determined, self-esteem, and filled with
self-belief and a sense of purpose.(他意志坚定，自尊心强，充满自信和使命感)”可知，罗斯福
是一个乐观而坚定的。故选 A 项。
48．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th and youngest US President.
He achieved high office as a result of being a tough political operator and a man blessed with
experience and wisdom. He was determined, self-esteem, and filled with self-belief and a sense of
purpose. All of his achievements came from his life lessons.(西奥多·罗斯福成为美国第 26 任也
是最年轻的总统。由于他是一个强硬的政治操纵者和一个拥有经验和智慧的人，他获得了很
高的职位。他意志坚定，自尊心强，充满自信和使命感。他所有的成就都来自于他的人生经
验)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了他的人生经验，所以B项“Life Lessons from Theodore
Roosevelt(西奥多·罗斯福的人生经验)”是本文最好的标题。故选 B 项。
（十三）
（23-24 高二上·北京房山·期中）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two
qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance:
curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have
never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was
not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa
and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and
asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and
need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most
of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.
And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little comer, to avoid
foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked
them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have
to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who
couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she
is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability Most
people don’t. There are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good, because it’s
always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of
Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when
he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never
be more alive than you are at this moment.
49．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument
50．According to the author, a person with “his child’s heart” tends to ________.
A．lead a simple and satisfying life
B．be curious about the unknown
C．follow the custom all the time
D．try to avoid making mistakes
51．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
B．Experience and special abilities are the keys to success.
C．The genius can get things done easily and creatively.
D
