专题 04 阅读理解之说明文
（一）
（23-24 高二上·安徽黄山·期中）For most ordinary purposes, machine translation (MT) has got a
lot better in the past years. The biggest source of improvement has been the adoption of “deep
learning” in training translating systems. But improvement has also come about through the
expansion of clever companies solving individual tasks. Some have created specialist dictionaries
so that important terms can be translated accurately and consistently. Other inventions combine
MT with a human translator’s editing tools, which means translators spend most of their time
checking and perfecting MT output, rather than doing the work of the translating themselves.
For some translators, being a machine’s editor may sound depressing. This can be seen the
other way around, however. A human repeatedly translating identical formulae can get bored.
Allowing the machine to do these boring jobs frees the translator to apply specialized knowledge,
solving more intellectually satisfying problems.
What are those problems One Madrid-based translator for a big law firm describes a recent
task. It involved making a critical distinction in a legal document: a Spanish word (dolo) that’s
properly translated as “wilful misconduct” was translated only as “misconduct” by software. Since
the law requires considerably severer punishment when the misconduct is “wilful”, the omission
(省略) was potentially disastrous.
Today, many translation firms are proud of using MT, not as a crutch (依赖) but as a means
to cut costs and turnaround times. Part of their job becomes knowing what can be automated and
what cannot. Instruction manuals can be left to MT while others like a novel legal argument
cannot.
The bad news for some translators is that a tap of repeatable, easy work is being turned off.
The good news is that what remains will be brain-challenging stuff for people who know a
language and something else. Tales of artificial intelligence usually test humans against machines.
But the translators of the future will be neither entirely human nor machine. They will be human
beings with mechanical enhancements.
1．What can we learn about machine translation from paragraph 1
A．It has been mostly used by specialists.
B．Lots of efforts have been made to improve it.
C．Some clever companies have made a fortune from it.
D．It has replaced human translators in some simple tasks.
2．What can be inferred from the case mentioned by the Madrid-based translator
A．Experienced translators are hard to find.
B．Machine translation can be inaccurate.
C．Machine translation has led to many misjudgments.
D．It is difficult for translators to tell“wilful misconduct”from“misconduct”.
3．What is many translation firms’ attitude towards using machine translation today
A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Technology contributes to productive translators
B．Translation is faced with a great technical challenge
C．The translator of the future is a human-machine hybrid
D．Career opportunities in the field of translation are increasing
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着科技的发展，机器翻译的质量也在不断提升，作
者认为未来的翻译工作需要靠人和机器共同来完成。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“For most ordinary purposes, machine translation (MT) has got a
lot better in the past years. (对于大多数普通用途，机器翻译(MT)在过去几年中有了很大的进
步。)”等内容可知，人们已经为提高机器翻译的质量做出了很多努力。故选 B 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It involved making a critical distinction in a legal document: a
Spanish word (dolo) that’s properly translated as ‘wilful misconduct’ was translated only as
‘misconduct’ by software. Since the law requires considerably severer punishment when the
misconduct is ‘wilful’, the omission (省略) was potentially disastrous. (它涉及到在一份法律文
件中做出一个关键的区分：一个西班牙语单词(dolo)，正确地翻译为‘故意的不当行为’，被
软件翻译成‘不当行为’。由于法律要求对‘故意’的不当行为进行相当严厉的惩罚，因此这一
疏忽可能是灾难性的。)”可知，机器翻译有时可能不准确。故选 B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Today, many translation firms are proud of using MT, not as
a crutch (依赖) but as a means to cut costs and turnaround times. (今天，许多翻译公司对使用机
器翻译感到自豪，不是作为拐杖，而是作为削减成本和周转时间的一种手段。)”可知，今天
许多翻译公司对使用机器翻译的态度是积极的。故选 A 项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“Tales of artificial intelligence usually test humans
against machines. But the translators of the future will be neither entirely human nor machine.
They will be human beings with mechanical enhancements. (人工智能的故事通常是人类与机器
的较量。但未来的翻译人员既不是完全由人类也不是完全由机器完成的。他们将是具有机械
增强功能的人类。)”可知，最后一段点明本文主旨：未来的翻译工作既不会全靠人力，也不
会全靠机器，而是要靠人与机器共同完成。C 项“未来的翻译器是人机的混合体”符合主题，
故选 C 项。
（二）
（23-24 高二上 ·黑龙江哈尔滨 ·期中）Out in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 60 miles off the
northwest coast of Africa, lie the Canary Islands. In the 1950s, the boom in package tourism
showed promise as a new cash crop. But while the Canary Islands had the sunshine, warm climate
and ease of access from Europe needed for this new industry, they were missing a vital element
picture postcard sandy beaches.
So the developers on Tenerife in the Canary Islands constructed a breakwater (防波堤 )
over half a mile long. And then, from the Western Sahara on Africa’s northwest coast, they
shipped in 270, 000 tons of sand. By 1973, the project was complete. As anticipated, tourists
arrived. Along the engineered beach, rows and rows of tourists relax on beach chairs under
umbrellas or walk across soft sand to cool down in the water.
Unanticipated was what their presence gave to one of the world’s most endangered fish
species, angel sharks — visibility. The gentle wind creates tiny waves on the water’s surface, a
magical cover for what lies beneath — an angel shark nursery. Female angel sharks regularly
migrate to these ideally sheltered waters to give birth to pups (幼崽), who remain in the shallows
for about a year. Feeding on small fishes, they grow to around the same length as a newborn
human baby.
Surveys have shown that other beaches in the Canary Islands are also potential nursery
sites. Interestingly, most of them have been remade to make them more attractive to people. Playa
Chica has another long sweep of imported sand. It’s an attraction for divers as well as angel
sharks, so the number of sightings of mature angel sharks of this shoreline is one of highest in the
islands.
Normally, massive, environmentally disruptive projects are bad for wildlife. But what’s
clear is that after the breakwater was built and the sand arrived, people followed, and in the calm,
shallow waters they began to see baby angel sharks. And unlike how many an association between
humans and wildlife ends-in conflict and dead animals, this time it led to conservation.
5．Why did the developers on Tenerife carry out the project
A．To build a base for shipping. B．To boost the local tourism industry.
C．To fight against the rising sea. D．To protect the island’s eco-system.
6．What was an unexpected result of the project
A．It caused the disappearance of some fishes.
B．It made a magical tourist attraction.
C．It gave angel sharks a home.
D．It created conflicts between sharks and tourists.
7．What is the author’s attitude toward the engineered beach
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Intolerant.
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To highlight the financial benefits of tourism.
B．To introduce potential human-wildlife coexistence.
C．To explain the situation of endangered species.
D．To emphasize the importance of wildlife conservation.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加那利群岛通过人工造沙海滩吸引旅游的同时，
意外地为濒危物种天使鲨提供了理想的繁殖地，从而促进了对该物种的保护。原本可能对环
境产生负面影响的人工改造工程，在此案例中却意外成为了野生动物保护的契机，展现了人
与自然可以和谐共存的可能性。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the 1950s, the boom in package tourism showed promise as
a new cash crop. But while the Canary Islands had the sunshine, warm climate and ease of access
from Europe needed for this new industry, they were missing a vital element picture postcard
sandy beaches.(20 世纪 50 年代，随着包价旅游的兴起，为这个地区带来了作为新经济支柱
的希望。然而，尽管加那利群岛拥有阳光、温暖的气候以及从欧洲便捷到达的条件——这些
都是新兴旅游业所需的关键因素，但它们却缺少了一项构成明信片般风景的必备元素：绵延
的沙滩)”及第二段“So the developers on Tenerife in the Canary Islands constructed a breakwater
over half a mile long.(因此，位于加那利群岛特内里费岛的开发者建造了一条长达半英里的防
波堤)”可知，特内里费的开发商实施这个项目以促进当地旅游业的发展。故选 B 项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Unanticipated was what their presence gave to one of the
world’s most endangered fish species, angel sharks — visibility. The gentle wind creates tiny
waves on the water’s surface, a magical cover for what lies beneath — an angel shark nursery.
Female angel sharks regularly migrate to these ideally sheltered waters to give birth to pups, who
remain in the shallows for about a year.(未曾预料的是，他们的到来为世界上最为濒危的鱼类
之一——天使鲨，提供了一个被关注的机会。轻柔的风在水面上掀起了巨浪，为下面的东西
提供了一个神奇的掩护——一个天使鲨托儿所。雌性天使鲨定期迁徙到这些理想的庇护水域
产下幼崽，幼崽在浅滩上停留约一年)”可知，这个项目给了天使鲨一个家。故选 C 项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Surveys have shown that other beaches in the Canary Islands
are also potential nursery sites. Interestingly, most of them have been remade to make them more
attractive to people. Playa Chica has another long sweep of imported sand. It’s an attraction for
divers as well as angel sharks, so the number of sightings of mature angel sharks of this shoreline
is one of highest in the islands.(调查显示，加那利群岛上还有其他一些海滩也可能是天使鲨的
育幼地点。有趣的是，其中大部分都经过了改造，以增加对人们的吸引力。Playa Chica 是另
一个人工填充沙子的长滩，它不仅吸引潜水者，也是天使鲨的聚集地，因此在这片海岸线上
目击成年天使鲨的数量在岛屿中是最高的之一)”可知，这个工程使得天使鲨的数量增加，故
作者对工程海滩的态度是赞成的。故选 A 项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Normally, massive, environmentally disruptive projects are
bad for wildlife. But what’s clear is that after the breakwater was built and the sand arrived,
people followed, and in the calm, shallow waters they began to see baby angel sharks. And unlike
how many an association between humans and wildlife ends-in conflict and dead animals, this
time it led to conservation.(通常来说，大规模且对环境造成破坏的工程项目对野生动物来说是
不利的。但很明显的是，在防波堤建成和沙子运抵之后，人们接踵而至，在平静而浅的水域
中，他们开始发现天使鲨宝宝。与人类与野生动物之间许多以冲突和动物死亡告终的关系不
同，这次相遇却促成了保护行动)”可知，为了发展旅游业而进行的人工沙滩建设意外地为濒
危的天使鲨提供了繁殖的场所，促进了这一物种的保护，故作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介
绍人类活动与野生动物之间可能存在的共存情况。故选 B 项。
（三）
（23-24 高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource. Today
architectural heritage sites are being destroyed at an alarming rate. They’re threatened by rising
seas, pollution, overtourism, conflicts and so on. Recently, Notre Dame Cathedral has attracted
international attention.
Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been
damaged and repaired. On April 15, 2019, the landmark’s roof caught fire, causing the collapse of
its spire (尖顶) and upper walls severely damaged. Work on the site began quickly. Through the
work of photographer Tomas van Houtryve, writer Robert Kunzig, and artist Fernando Baptista,
people will see restoring scenes where ruins are cleared and statues saved. Even the COVID-19
pandemic caused only a two-month delay. Architects have said the expensive project is on track to
be completed in 2024.
And thorny questions arise. What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors What
lesson can we draw from their presence
Humankind has answered that differently. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche, an
18th-century baroque church, was famous for its bell-shaped dome (穹顶). In February 1945, one
of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II reduced the city to ruins. After German
reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and
harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different
story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a “warning monument” against war and
destruction.
Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before,
including using the original, toxic metal — lead (铅) — for the roof, causing the debate about how
to restore and maintain historic buildings. Actually, no one claims to have the “right” answers on
preservation; there may not even be right answers. What people could do is to continuously
monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past,
present, and future.
9．What do we know about Notre Dame Cathedral
A．It was once threatened by conflicts.
B．It collapsed totally during a fire decade ago.
C．It has undergone repeated repairs since 1163.
D．It was not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
10．What does the underlined word “thorny” mean
A．Simple. B．Tough. C．Accurate. D．Attractive.
11．Why are the Frauenkirche and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church mentioned in para.4
A．To remind people the value of peace and harmony.
B．To warn people the influence of war and destruction.
C．To demonstrate different solutions to heritage site preservation.
D．To introduce reconstruction methods such as using original materials.
12．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Cultural heritage sites are nonrenewable so that they are worth protecting.
B．Notre Dame Cathedral has been the most attractive heritage site globally.
C．The reconstruction of cultural heritage sites seldom causes disagreements.
D．The reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral after fire has been completed.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文化遗产是一种珍贵的不可再生资源，对于修复被破坏的遗址人
们持不同的观点。文章最后指出，保护文化遗产对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义，
人类对于文化遗产保护所能做的最好事情就是持续监测。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame
Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired.(自 1163 年至 1350 年主楼建成以来，巴黎
圣母院多次遭到破坏和修复)”可知，自 1163 年以来，巴黎圣母院经历了多次修复，故选 C。
10．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的问题“What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors
What lesson can we draw from their presence (我们对祖先的创造负有什么责任？我们能从它
们的存在中吸取什么教训？)”可知，对于修复受损的巴黎圣母院人们提出了疑问，有不同的
声音，即出现了棘手的问题。故猜测划线词意为“棘手的”，与 tough 同义。故选 B。
11．推理判断题。第四段首句“Humankind has answered that differently.(人类对此给出了不同
的回答)”提到对于如何保存遗迹人类做法不同，接着下文“After German reunion, the church
was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s
Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been
left a ruin on purpose to be a ‘warning monument’ against war and destruction.(德国统一后，教堂
被重建，使用了许多原来的石头，作为和平与和谐的象征。柏林的威廉皇帝纪念教堂也遭到
轰炸，但情况有所不同。它的塔尖被故意留下一片废墟，作为反对战争和破坏的‘警告纪念
碑’)”提到两处遗迹，一处被重建，一处被故意留下一篇废墟警示人们，故文章提到圣母教
堂和威廉皇帝纪念教堂是为了说明文物保护有不同的解决办法，故选 C。
12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable
resource.(文化遗产是一种不可再生的资源)”和最后一段中“What people could do is to
continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to
humanity’s past, present, and future.(人们所能做的是持续监测全球对文化遗产的保护，这对人
类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义)”可知，文章主要论述了文化遗产是一种珍贵的不可
再生资源，保护文化遗产对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义。A 项“文化遗产是不
可再生的，因此值得保护”能够总结文章大意，故选 A。
（四）
（23-24 高二上 ·浙江杭州 ·期中）Small planetary (行星 ) bodies is the big focus of space
exploration in 2023 and People are eager to solve many of the mysteries about these tiny worlds.
In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller
bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in.
The first task Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) was launched in April 2023 and is
scheduled to land in 2031. This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to
explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are thought to have
oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells.
“The thing we are most interested in is the liquid oceans and in particular with Ganymede –
we don’t know the location, the depth ,the composition of these oceans,” says ESA’s Olivier
Witasse, the project scientist. “While JUICE has many goals, the most exciting one is to hunt for
life there as water is crucial to life ”.
Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other spacecraft Psyche from NASA
is named after the asteroid (小行星) it will land. Researchers believe Psyche to be an exposed
iron core of a young planet. Studying planetary cores is nearly impossible on actual planets
because they are so deep underground, so Psyche could present a unique opportunity.
“The core is always crucial. For the Earth, it creates magnetic field and gives off heat,” says
one of the researchers of Psyche, “One of the ways to answer why Earth is habitable is to study
how it was built, and Psyche is part of that story. We don’t know what we’re going to find, and if
blessed, we’re going to be completely surprised because there was no previous data.”
Habitability (宜居性) in our solar system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts
should bring us one step closer to understanding it.
13．What is the aim of the two spacecraft launching tasks
A．To study planetary bodies. B．To solve mysteries about worlds.
C．To explore the solar system. D．To understand how worlds become habitable.
14．According to Olivier Witasse, which of the following statements about JUICE is NOT true.
A．Its most important goal is to hunt for life.
B．It is scheduled to travel about 8 years before it reaches its destination.
C．It has found there are liquid oceans under frozen shells of Jupiter.
D．It is designed by EAU to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons.
15．What can be learned from Psyche task
A．Psyche will be launched to explore Psyche.
B．There was a little previous data about the asteroid.
C．People have known how the earth is built through it.
D．Psyche’s core creates magnetic field and gives off heat.
16．What is the text mainly about
A．Ganymede attracts particular attention of scientists of ESA．
B．Psyche is key to helping people solve mysteries about space.
C．JUICE is scheduled to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons.
D．The launching of two spacecrafts is to help understand habitability.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 2023 年将发射两艘宇宙飞船来了解适合人类居
住的栖息地，文章介绍了这两个航天器的任务以及意义。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of
the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats
for humans to live in. (2023 年，两艘宇宙飞船的发射旨在探索太阳系的一些较小的天体，以
了解世界如何成为适合人类居住的栖息地)”可知，这两次航天器发射任务的目的是了解世界
是否适合居住。故选 D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is
designed to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are
thought to have oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells.(这艘来自欧洲航天局（ESA）
的航天器旨在探索木星的三个主要卫星：木卫二、木卫四和木卫三。它们被认为在冰冻的外
壳下有液态水的海洋)”可知，关于 JUICE 的陈述中，C 选项“它发现木星冰冻的外壳下有液
态海洋”不正确。故选 C。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段“Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other
spacecraft Psyche from NASA is named after the asteroid (小行星) it will land.(由于 2024 年 10
月发射，2030 年到达，美国宇航局的另一艘宇宙飞船普赛克号以它将着陆的小行星命名)”可
知，普赛克号将会被发射去探索普赛克。故选 A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of
the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats
for humans to live in. (2023 年，两艘宇宙飞船的发射旨在探索太阳系的一些较小的天体，以
了解世界如何成为适合人类居住的栖息地)”以及最后一段“Habitability (宜居性) in our solar
system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts should bring us one step closer to
understanding it.(我们太阳系的宜居性仍然是一个巨大的谜，但这两艘宇宙飞船应该会让我们
更接近了解它)”结合文章主要说明了 2023 年将发射两艘宇宙飞船来了解适合人类居住的栖
息地，文章介绍了这两个航天器的任务以及意义。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是发射两艘宇
宙飞船是为了帮助了解可居住性。故选 D。
（五）
（23-24 高二上 ·湖北恩施 ·期中）Recent research highlights that the timing of our meals,
particularly the last one of the day, can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely
about what we consume, but also about when we do so.
The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and
Women’s Hospital (BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October 2022, suggesting that
early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And it defined an early
dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our body’s circadian
rhythm (生理节奏).
The BWH study discovered clear differences in metabolic (新陈代谢的) profiles of early and
late diners. Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, improved fat-burning
capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels. Meanwhile, late dinners led to increased
hunger, slower calorie burning, and higher fat storage, posing risks for conditions like diabetes(糖
尿病).
The exact timing of dinner isn’t a one-size-fits-all choice, as people’s routines vary widely.
Maya Feller, a nutritionist based in Brooklyn, NY, emphasizes that our schedules —ranging from
traditional nine-to-five to round-the-clock — are critical when considering “ideal” meal times.
Therefore, finding a dinner time that fits into your schedule is essential, rather than sticking to a
strict, potentially impossible timetable.
Wendy Bazilian, DrPH, offers insightful tips for those whose routines may not permit an
early dinner. She recommends consuming meals or snacks every three to five hours. This regular
eating pattern can help . stabilize blood sugar levels, preventing the feeling of hunger.
Furthermore, it’s advantageous to leave a gap of two to three hours between your last meal and
bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for most of the digestion process —
letting you get adequate rest and repair during sleep.
So it’s time to reconsider not just the contents of your plate, but also the clock. After all,
leading a healthy lifestyle isn’t merely about counting calories but al o understanding when and
how to fuel our bodies.
17．What did the Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study mainly focus on
A．The recommended daily diet. B．Our body’s circadian rhythm.
C．The drawbacks of early dinners. D．The importance of dinner timing.
18．What may be the result of having an early dinner
A．Having a strong sense of hunger. B．Storing up more fat in your body.
C．Having a higher risk of diabetes. D．Enjoying a sound night’s sleep.
19．What advice does Wendy Bazilian give to the late diners
A．They’re supposed to grab some food every 5. hours.
B．They’d better have access to adequate rest and repair,
C．They should allow for digestion process before bedtime.
D．They are advised to keep their blood sugar level stable.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．The Healthiest Time to Eat Dinner. B．We Are What We Eat.
C．Benefits of Good Dietary Habits. D．Eating Less in the Evening.
【答案】17．D 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了晚餐时间对健康的影响，并提供了关于如何合
理安排晚餐时间的建议，帮助读者改善健康。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific
support with a Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in
October 2022, suggesting that early dinners could have more health benefits than previously
believed. And it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in
line with our body’s circadian rhythm(生理节奏).(2022 年 10 月，布莱根妇女医院发表在《细
胞代谢》杂志上的一项研究表明，关于晚餐时间的争论得到了大量科学支持，该研究表明，
早吃晚餐可能比以前认为的更有益于健康。它将早晚餐定义为睡前三到四个小时吃的饭，符
合我们身体的生理节奏。)”可知，布莱根妇女医院的研究和晚餐时间的重要性有关。故选
D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose(葡萄糖) levels,
improved fat-burning capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels.(早点吃晚饭的人的
血糖水平较低，脂肪燃烧能力增强，睡眠质量更好，精力充沛。)”可知，早吃晚饭的人睡眠
质量更好。故选 D。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Furthermore, it’s advantageous to leave a gap of two to three
hours between your last meal and bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for
most of the digestion process — letting you get adequate rest and repair during sleep.(此外，在最
后一餐和就寝时间之间留出两到三个小时的间隔是有益的。这个间隙确保你的身体有足够的
时间进行大部分消化过程，让你在睡眠中得到充分的休息和修复。)”可知，Wendy Bazilian
建议晚吃晚饭的人在睡觉之前要留出足够的时间进行消化。故选 C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Recent research highlights that the timing of our meals,
particularly the last one of the day, can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely
about what we consume, but also about when we do so.(最近的研究强调，我们吃饭的时间，尤
其是一天中的最后一餐，会对我们的健康产生重大影响。问题不仅在于我们吃什么，还在于
我们什么时候吃。)”、第二段“The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support
with a Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October
2022, suggesting that early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And
it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our
body’s circadian rhythm(生理节奏).(2022 年 10 月，布莱根妇女医院发表在《细胞代谢》杂志
上的一项研究表明，关于晚餐时间的争论得到了大量科学支持，该研究表明，早吃晚餐可能
比以前认为的更有益于健康。它将早晚餐定义为睡前三到四个小时吃的饭，符合我们身体的
生理节奏。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了吃晚饭的最佳时间。故选 A。
（六）
（23-24 高二上·福建厦门·期末）When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only
nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of
his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on
the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.
Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all
nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur
alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with
markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven
zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”,
“outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素 ) er-, which qualified most
anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning
“head”.
Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of
an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no
words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow.
Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above;
arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object.
The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage
process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes
referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure
alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects
the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.
21．What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands
A．To meet with an old friend. B．To teach Indigenous idioms.
C．To record an ancient language. D．To trace her ancestors.
22．“Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______.
A．Arashile raercho B．Arashile ercho
C．Eshile ercho D．Eshile raercho
23．What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese
A．A verb could describe more than one action. B．Some of the verbs could be used on their
own.
C．The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D．The tools used in people’s daily life
are diverse.
24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages.
B．Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom.
C．Great Andamanese tells the development of the community.
D．Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述大安达曼人语言中的词汇分类、词根和词缀的组合
方式，展现了这种语言背后蕴含的丰富文化和历史内涵。同时，强调了对土著语言和文化遗
产的保护和重视的重要性。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian
languages.I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into
whispers.(作为一名语言专家，我研究了 80 多种印度语言。我在岛上记录土著居民的声音，
直到他它们渐渐消失。)”可知，作者在岛上停留的目的是记录一种古老的语言。故选 C。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段的“such as ra for “pig”(比如 ra 代表“猪”) ”和“ercho, meaning
“head”(ercho 意思是“头”) ”和第三段的“arashile, to aim from a distance(Arashile 表示“从远处
瞄准”)”可知，“Aim at a pig’s head from afar (从远处瞄准猪头)”在大安达曼语中对应的是
Arashile raercho。故选 A。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great
many for hunting and fishing. (大安达曼人没有关于农业的词汇，但有很多关于狩猎和捕鱼的
词汇。)”可知，当地人可能以海鲜和肉类为生。故选 C。
24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“The studies established that the language seems to be truly old
in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had
changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield
meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the
macrocosm reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to
everything else.(这些研究证实，这种语言的起源似乎真的很古老。在一个多阶段的发展过程
中，描述不同身体部位的词语变成了指代不同区域的语素，并与实义词结合产生意义。这个
结构本身就提供了一种对古代世界观的洞察，在这种世界观中，宏观世界反映了微观世界，
所有存在或发生的事情都与其他事物不可分割地联系在一起。)”可知，本段主要讲的是通过
研究大安达曼语可以发现古代的世界观，即打开古老智慧的大门。故选 B。
（七）
（23-24 高二上·广东肇庆·期中）As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of
the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or
even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a
space. It is not uncommon for me to visit a theme park and go on one ride and spend the rest of the
time just enjoying the atmosphere.
No matter how many times I ride an attraction, I’m having the same experience. But with live
entertainment, it constantly changes. Different performers bring their own touch to the show. Even
when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an
impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment.
But because these live performances aren’t bolted ( 固定 ) to the ground and are easily
influenced, they are often the first thing to get removed from the parks when there is a shortage of
money. As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply
don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. Without it, a theme park is just a group of
people walking quickly from one ride to the next.
We are certainly living in an unprecedented time, but I’m happy to see that theme parks have
found creative ways to make sure there is some sort of live entertainment put on safe. Most parks
are having their characters and performances visible from a distance.
One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie
the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example
of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible,
I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and
close-up interactions to return.
25．What does the author like best in a theme park
A．Joining its parades. B．Observing its visitors.
C．Trying its various rides. D．Enjoying its live shows.
26．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The error. B．The show. C．The reason. D．The attention.
27．What does the author think of the business decision in paragraph 3
A．It will bring theme parks more business.
B．It will make theme parks easily influenced
C．It will make theme park rides more popular.
D．It will take away the liveliness of theme parks.
28．Why does the author mention Winnie the Pooh
A．To explain what theme parks can do to stay
B．To show its popularity among theme park visitors.
C．To explain what characters can do to get closer to visitors.
D．To show the influence special times can have on theme park.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．D 28．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了作者认为主题公园里的现场娱乐表演让公园更有活力，
体验更好。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of
the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or
even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a
space. ( 虽然我很喜欢主题公园里的游乐设施，但我最喜欢的部分是现场娱乐。无论是游行、
舞台表演、“街头氛围”，甚至是令人印象深刻的夜间表演，我喜欢现场表演给空间带来的活
力。)”可知，作者在主题公园里，最喜欢做的事情是欣赏现场表演。故选 D。
26．词义猜测题。根据画线句和下文“Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it
fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes
even making it a comedic moment.( 即使在现场情形中出了问题，我也很高兴看到人们是如何
掩盖它的。修正错误是一门令人印象深刻的艺术，有时甚至会使它成为一个喜剧时刻。)”可
知，it 指代前文提到的“things go wrong”，即下文的“error”。故选 A。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段的“As much as I understand this business decision, it feels
shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. (尽管我了解
这一商业决策，单数感觉它是目光短浅的。当现场表演不见的时候，公园就会没有活力。)”
可知，对于这个商业决定，作者认为它会带走主题公园的活力。故选 D。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of my favorite examples of this was shared by
@Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch
a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers
in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once
it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return.( 我最喜欢的一个例子是推
特上的@Attractions 分享的，小熊维尼在未来世界里嬉戏，试图抓一只蝴蝶。这是一个很好
的例子，说明在一个“规范”不可能实现的时代，角色和现场艺人可以做些什么，我真诚地希
望一旦见面和近距离互动安全了这些特殊的时刻能够保留下来。)”可知，作者希望在近距离
互动安全的时候，可以把像小熊维尼这样的特殊时刻保留下来，因此推断提到小熊维尼是为
了解释主题公园里角色可以做些什么接近观众。故选 C。
（八）
（23-24 高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather
than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target.
There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high
standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for
special occasions.
One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as 500,000 JPY ($3,346 USD).
Several districts have recently witnessed an alarming rise in fruit theft. Yamanashi Prefecture, for
instance, lost an shocking 8,500,000 JPY ($56,890 USD) from 40 cases of missing fruit in the
last four months. It is so bad, in fact, that local firefighters and private security guards are going
around and checking the area at night to ensure the safety of the fruits.
The same thing happened to another peach farm located in Fuefuki City when farmers were
aware that 1,400 peaches went missing out of the blue. Another top farming company in
Yamanashi City lost 1,500 peaches just two days later. Peaches were not the only luxury fruit
being targeted in the past few months. Just last September 28,400 bunches of grapes went missing
in the Yamanashi Prefecture. The total loss amounted to 350,000 ($2,343 USD).
Farm owners are now increasing their security measures to prevent this rise in theft. They are
paying a fortune to employ local private security guards to patrol around the clock when fruits are
ripe. Even they are about to install a monitoring system to watch over the farm at all times, which
serves as a threat to thieves. If thefts do happen, they can call the police.
29．What unusual item is currently being stolen more frequently in Japan
A．Quality fruits. B．Watches. C．Luxury cars. D．Jewelry.
30．Why are these quality fruits in Japan so valuable
A．They have unique flavors.
B．They are always given as gifts.
C．They are less expensive than other luxury items.
D．They are grown by hand to meet high quality standards.
31．Why did the article mention the price of a softball-sized strawberry
A．To highlight the size of the stolen fruits.
B．To provide an example of a stolen fruit.
C．To emphasize the high cost of luxury fruits.
D．To explain the popularity of strawberries in Japan.
32．What is the primary purpose of the article
A．To stress the value of luxury fruits in Japan.
B．To show the rise in theft of luxury items in Japan.
C．To describe the efforts to fight fruit thefts in Japan.
D．To promote the growth of the quality fruit market in Japan.
【答案】29．A 30．D 31．C 32．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在日本奢侈水果价格昂贵，经常被偷的情况。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段的“A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather
than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target.
There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high
standards for appearance and taste. ( 在日本，有一样东西被偷的次数比以往任何时候都多。日
本小偷的目标不是通常的名表、名车或珠宝，而是水果。高质量的水果是手工种植的，以确
保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准，这是一个繁荣的市场。)”可知，现在在日本经常被偷的
东西是优质水果。故选 A。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by
hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and
companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.(有一个繁荣的高品质水果市场，这些水
果都是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准。日本的个人和公司经常购买它
们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”可知，优质水果之所以珍贵，是因为它们是手工种植的，外观和
味道上达到了很高的标准。故选 D。
31．推理判断题。第一段的“There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand
to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies
often buy them as gifts for special occasions.(有一个繁荣的高品质水果市场，这些水果都是手
工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特
殊场合的礼物。)”讲述了在日本的优质水果非常珍贵，接下来第二段举例“One softball-sized
strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as 500,000 JPY($3,346 USD).(例如，一个垒球大小的
草莓售价高达 50 万日元(3346 美元)。)”是为了强调这种奢侈水果的高价。故选 C。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than
the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There
is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards
for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special
occasions.( 在日本，有一样东西被偷的次数比以往任何时候都多。日本小偷的目标不是通常
的名表、名车或珠宝，而是水果。高质量的水果是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上
达到高标准，这是一个繁荣的市场。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼
物。)”以及下文关于水果的昂贵和不断的失窃的讲述可知，文章的主要目的是强调日本的奢
侈水果的昂贵。故选 A。
（九）
（23-24 高二上·安徽滁州·期中）Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe
water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply. The
water crisis is a direct result of falling levels of rain within the Cutzamala System, which supplies
the city of nearly 10 million people, and of its primary water source, the Valle de Bravo reservoir.
Levels at the reservoir have fallen significantly after years of limited rainfall.
“Mexico currently has a major problem in terms of water due to climate change,” Sandra
Lopez, a research er at the public policy research center Mexican Institute for Competitiveness,
said. “But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have
different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to
management.” This, for obvious reasons, means that the population and Mexican society in
general is experiencing water stress, which we are only just identifying as a potential problem.
The water shortage affects about one-fourth of the population in the Mexican capital, which
is witnessing daily water disruptions (中断) in various areas, making it difficult for residents to
undertake essential tasks such as cooking, cleaning and bathing. “In the neighborhood where I am,
they start to cut off the water supply at about 1 1 am. It comes very slowly,” Sergio Ramos, a clerk
at Navycar car wash in Mexico City, said. The water supply only lasts seven or eight hours a day,
he said. Amid the continuing crisis, the federal, state and city governments are urging citizens to
conserve water by fixing faulty faucets (水龙头), making use of waste water, and taking shorter
showers. These actions, aimed at reducing consumption, could contribute to extending the city’s
water supply. With the shortage projected to last until May, water conservation efforts will have to
continue for some time.
Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water,
while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in
public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s
water supply. Educational initiatives are also underway to the Cutzamala System.
“The Cutzamala System dams are at low storage levels due to the lack of rain and the
drought in the country,” said Mexico City Water System, which manages the city’s drinking water
supply. “In this context, at the same time there have been low levels of storage in the tanks that
distribute water in the Azcapotzalco district.”
The National Water Commission, or Conagua, explained that there is a 29 percent
deficit(缺乏)in the country’s reservoirs, compared with historical data for November.
33．What did Sandra Lopez mainly convey in Paragraph 2
A．Expenses of developing water resources. B．Ways of protecting the water sources.
C．Influences of the water shortage. D．Reasons for the water shortage.
34．Which measure isn’t recommended by the governments but is taken by some citizens
A．Repairing faulty faucets. B．Using rainwater or bottled water.
C．Making the most of waste water. D．Using traditional water-saving devices.
35．Which can replace the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 4
A．Manage. B．Increase. C．Investigate. D．Classify.
36．What can be the best title for the news report
A．Mexico City battles severe water crisis B．Years-long lack of rainfall in Mexico City
C．Mexico adjusts distribution of water supply D．Cutzamala System supplies Mexico City
with water
【答案】33．D 34．B 35．B 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了墨西哥城为了应对水资源短缺所采取的一些措施。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management
problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing
have been allocated to management.(但是，它也可能与国家的管理问题有很大的联系，因为我
们有不同的因素，例如没有为管理分配足够的资源和资金)”可知，Sandra Lopez 在第二段主
要表达了水资源短缺的原因。故选 D。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using
rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including
reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and
making a plan to augment the city’s water supply.(部分市民积极采取雨水或瓶装水等对策，政
府也在推进减少公共建筑用水量、使用创新节水设备、制定扩大城市供水计划等对策)”可知，
使用雨水或瓶装水是一些公民采取的措施。故选 B。
35．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“the government is pursuing additional strategies, including
reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and
making a plan to”以及后文“the city’s water supply”可知，政府也在推进减少公共建筑用水量、
使用创新节水设备、制定扩大城市供水计划等对策。故划线词意思是“增加，扩大”的意思。
故选 B。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe
water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply.(墨西哥
城正在制定各种策略来应对严重的水资源短缺，因为长达数年的降雨不足继续影响着当地的
供水)”结合文章主要说明了墨西哥城为了应对水资源短缺所采取的一些措施，故 A 选项“墨
西哥城与严重的水危机作斗争”最符合文章标题。故选 A。
（十）
（23-24 高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）Greece has criticized the United Kingdom for canceling (取
消) a planned meeting between Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and UK Prime Minister Rishi
Sunak, apparently so that Sunak could avoid talking about ancient artefacts (历史文物 ) that
Greece says were taken illegally. Mitsotakis and Sunak were set to meet on Tuesday, but Sunak
canceled it on Monday, reportedly after learning that Mitsotakis planned to talk about the
Parthenon sculptures.
The UK government initially believed Mitsotakis would not talk about the sculptures,
which are now in the British Museum. The sculptures were once part of the Parthenon in the
Greek capital Athens. The row (纠纷 ) became more serious after Mitsotakis told the BBC on
Sunday the UK’s offer to store some of the sculptures in London and some in Athens was akin to
cutting the Mona Lisa in two. He also said the sculptures had been essentially stolen.
Mitsotakis said he was deeply disappointed by the abrupt cancellation of the meeting.
“Those who firmly believe in the correctness and justice of their positions are never hesitant to
engage in constructive argument and debate,” he was quoted by The Associated Press as saying.
The BBC reported that sources in the Greek government were puzzled and annoyed by the
meeting cancellation.
Greece has long criticized the way in which the Parthenon sculptures ended up in London,
after they were bought by British diplomat Lord Elgin and shipped to the UK between 1801 and
1804. Because the two nations disagree on the legality of the deal and have firm positions, they
have tended to avoid talking about the issue during high-level diplomatic meetings.
The UK’s Transport Secretary Mark Harper said on the BBC’s Breakfast program on
Tuesday that it was regretful that the prime ministers would not meet during Mitsotakis’UK visit.
He said Mitsotakis had been offered the chance to meet instead the UK’s deputy prime minister,
Oliver Dowden, but he had refused the meeting. “The views of Greece on the Parthenon
sculptures are well known,” Mitsotakis was quoted by The Guardian as saying. “I had hoped to
have the opportunity to discuss them with UK Prime Minister along with other international
challenges. ” The UK’s opposition Labour Party criticized Sunak for canceling the meeting and
said his behavior appeared disrespectful.
37．Which can replace the underlined phrase “akin to” in paragraph 2
A．Contrary to. B．Similar to. C．Relevant to. D．Adapted to
38．How did the Parthenon sculptures end up being in Great Britain
A．An Englishman purchased them and sent them there.
B．Some stole them and sold them to a British diplomat.
C．The then Greek government presented them to the UK as a gift.
D．The then British army took them by force and transported them there.
39．Why did Mitsotakis refuse to meet the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden
A．He was too occupied with other affairs.
B．He was supposed to meet UK Prime Minister.
C．He didn’t approve of his words and behaviors.
D．He had arranged for another official to meet him.
40．What is the best title for the news report
A．Sunak and Mitsotakis set to meet on Tuesday
B．Mitsotakis thinks highly of Greece artefacts stored in UK
C．Mitsotakis plans to take back Parthenon sculptures from UK
D．Greece’s arguing with UK about artefacts sparks diplomatic row
【答案】37．B 38．A 39．B 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了希腊因为非法获取的古代文物一事批评了英国取
消会晤计划，文章介绍了这些文物的情况以及相关人员对此的看法。
37．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the UK’s offer to store some of the sculptures in London and
some in Athens”以及后文“”可知，英国提议将部分雕塑存放在伦敦，部分存放在雅典，这一
做法和把《蒙娜丽莎》切成两半类似。可知该短语是“和……类似”的意思。故选 B。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Greece has long criticized the way in which the Parthenon
sculptures ended up in London, after they were bought by British diplomat Lord Elgin and shipped
to the UK between 1801 and 1804.(帕台农神庙的雕塑在 1801 年至 1804 年间被英国外交官埃
尔金勋爵购买并运往英国，希腊长期以来一直批评它们最终流入伦敦的方式)”可知，帕台农
神庙的雕塑是一个英国人购买了它们并把它们送到了英国。故选 A。
39．推理判断题。根据第五段“The UK’s Transport Secretary Mark Harper said on the BBC’s
Breakfast program on Tuesday that it was regretful that the prime ministers would not meet during
Mitsotakis’UK visit. He said Mitsotakis had been offered the chance to meet instead the UK’s
deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden, but he had refused the meeting.(英国交通大臣马克·哈珀
周二在 BBC 的早餐节目中表示，很遗憾两国总理在米佐塔基斯访英期间没有会面。他说，
米佐塔基斯曾有机会与英国副首相奥利弗·道登会面，但他拒绝了会面)”以及“I had hoped to
have the opportunity to discuss them with UK Prime Minister along with other international
challenges.(我希望有机会与英国首相讨论这些问题以及其他国际挑战)”可知，米佐塔基斯拒
绝与英国副首相奥利弗 道登会面是因为他应该会见英国首相。故选 B。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Greece has criticized the United Kingdom for canceling(取消) a
planned meeting between Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and UK Prime Minister Rishi
Sunak, apparently so that Sunak could avoid talking about ancient artefacts(历史文物) that
Greece says were taken illegally.(希腊批评英国取消总理基里亚科斯·米佐塔基斯和英国首相
里希·苏纳克的会晤计划，显然是为了让苏纳克避免谈论希腊所说的非法获取的古代文物)”
结合文章主要说明了希腊因为非法获取的古代文物一事批评了英国取消会晤计划，文章介绍
了这些文物的情况以及相关人员对此的看法。故 D 选项“希腊与英国关于文物的争论引发了
外交争端”最符合文章标题。故选 D。
（十一）
（23-24 高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just two species of flowering plant native to the
Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice
begins to melt, according to a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in
2009—2019 as it had in the previous 50 years; the other is Antarctic pearl wort, which has seen
the speed of growth increase five times over the same period.
A team led by Nicoletta Cannone, a researcher from the University of Insubria, Italy,
measured the growth of Antarctica’s two native plants at sites on Signy Island. The results were
shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely
populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer.
According to nonprofit Discovering Antarctica, the region’s temperatures have warmed by an
average of 3°C as a result of human-caused climate change, meaning once stable ice shelves are
now narrowing down. In some parts, that has given way to land now habitable to the two plant
species.
Peter Convey, at the British Antarctic Survey, told the New Scientist: “The most novel
feature of this is not that something is growing faster but that we’re starting to see what is almost
like a step change or a tipping point.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scottish Association for Marine
Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansion is now clearly evident in the region. This
research gives us the first all-sided data showing how fast and how dense the plant community
may expand.”
The researchers acknowledged there could be other factors at play causing the plants’ growth,
such as the decreasing fur seal population—but this also is linked to climate change. Meanwhile,
as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more
than native plants, which could in turn destabilize long-established local ecosystems.
“If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar
process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could
change rapidly. And that really concerns all.”
41．According to the article, what factors play a role in the fast growth of the two native plants
A．The climate getting warmer.
B．The fur seal population rising.
C．The non-native plants occupying the land.
D．The quality of the soil of the land improving.
42．What does the underlined word “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but one
A．Strengthen. B．Change. C．Benefit. D．Narrow.
43．What’s the researchers’ main concern regarding the growth of flowering plants in Antarctica
A．The decrease of fur seal population.
B．The occupation of non-native species.
C．The impact of human-caused climate change.
D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and biodiversity.
44．Which of the following is the suitable title for the text
A．Scientists Working in Antarctica.
B．Native Flowering Plants in Antarctica.
C．The Effect of Global Warming on Antarctica.
D．Non-native Plant Species in Antarctica.
【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明全球变暖给南极洲带来了影响。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are just two species of flowering plant native to the
Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice
begins to melt, according to a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，两种原产于南极半岛的开花植
物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”可知，气温变暖使得这两
种原生植物生长得如此之快。故选 A。
42．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句“Meanwhile, as the
land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than
native plants(同时，随着土地变得更适合居住，非本地物种也可能占据土地，比本地植物生
长得更多)”，因此推断，非本土植物生长过快会改变本地长期建立的生态系统。故划线词与
B 项意思一致。故选 B。
43．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites
in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic
landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.”(“如果我们把我们
在西格尼岛观察到的情况估计到南极洲的其他地方，类似的过程也会发生，”坎农说，“这意
味着南极的景观和生物多样性可能会迅速改变。”这确实关系到所有人。”)”可知，研究人员
对南极洲开花植物生长的主要担心是南极景观和生物多样性的快速变化。故选 D。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“There are just two species of flowering plant native to the
Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice
begins to melt, according to a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，有两种原产于南极半岛的开花
植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”，第二段的“The results
were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely
populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer.( 结果令人震惊：
这些地点不仅生长速度更快，而且每年植物的密度也越来越大，这表明气候正在变暖。)”和
下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了全球变暖给南极带来的影响。因此 C 项“全球变暖对南极洲
的影响。”适合用作本文的标题。故选 C。
（十二）
（23-24 高二上·湖北十堰·期中）In March, 2023, a group of computer scientists published an
assessment of a new chatbot with artificial intelligence (AI). The team’s report drew global
attention to one test in particular: We have a book, nine eggs, a laptop, a bottle and a nail, and
please tell me how to pile them onto each other in a stable manner. This is a tough puzzle. Earlier
versions of the chatbot gave silly and unreasonable answers. But the new chatbot’s unique answer
helped set off the current global wave of AI advocacy and anxiety. It fueled debate about how
large language models (LLMs) were able to perform creative tasks.
By 2022, LLMs were being trained on as many as 17 trillion words of human-generated
text, mainly from the Internet. It was certain that the new chatbot was exposed to functional
fixedness (功能固着) problems in its training. The researchers were of course aware of that and
invented the “eggs and laptop” puzzle to prevent the new chatbot from dishonestly copying an
answer from the Internet. LLMs used language statistics only. No one had said how to pile these
nine eggs on top of each other ever before. The extreme rarity of those words would tend to
prevent LLMs from talking about piling eggs in unrealistic ways. One of the researchers that
tested the new chatbot thinks it’s likely that an LLM trained on trillions of words creates a world
model, and this is what gives it the “magical” extrapolation (外推) properties.
Are LLMs truly original or are they just plagiarists (剽窃者) The two statements may not
be as different as they seem. There’s nothing entirely new under the sun. Edison did not invent the
light bulb but improved it. Most so-called creators apply knowledge from different fields to a
problem and arrive at a solution. It’s more a matter of making relevant connections than of
inventing something completely new. If LLMs are indeed acquiring the ability to make relevant
connections, that would be a historic but discomforting development.
45．What do we know about the new chatbot’s answer to the puzzle in paragraph 1
A．It was silly. B．It set people thinking.
C．It drew little attention. D．It highlighted language innovation.
46．Why did the researchers invent the “eggs and laptop” puzzle
A．To copy online answers. B．To stop the chatbot cheating.
C．To train humans to use language. D．To expose the chatbot to functional problems.
47．What does the author convey in the last paragraph
A．How an invention came into being. B．How Edison became successful in history.
C．Why Edison invented something entirely new. D．Why an invention required effort
and opportunity.
48．What is the best title for the text
A．Will Robots Replace Humans B．Can Robots Develop Smoothly
C．Can AI Come Up With Anything Original D．Will AI Solve Magical And Difficult
Problems
【答案】45．B 46．B 47．A 48．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一群计算机科学家通过一个“鸡蛋和笔记本”的问
题，来测试新聊天机器人是否可以进行创作。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“But the new chatbot’s unique answer helped set off the current
global wave of AI advocacy and anxiety. It fueled debate about how large language models
(LLMs) were able to perform creative tasks.(但这款新型聊天机器人的独特回答，在一定程度上
引发了当前全球对人工智能的倡导和焦虑。它引发了关于大型语言模型（LLMs）如何能够
执行创造性任务的争论)”可知，新聊天机器人对谜题的答案引起人们思考。故选 B。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers were of course aware of that and invented the
“eggs and laptop” puzzle to prevent the new chatbot from dishonestly copying an answer from the
Internet.(研究人员当然意识到了这一点，并发明了“鸡蛋和笔记本电脑”难题，以防止新的聊
天机器人不诚实地从互联网上复制答案)”可知，研究人员要发明“鸡蛋和笔记本电脑”的谜题
是为了阻止聊天机器人作弊。故选 B。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There’s nothing entirely new under the sun. Edison did not
invent the light bulb but improved it. Most so-called creators apply knowledge from different
fields to a problem and arrive at a solution. It’s more a matter of making relevant connections than
of inventing something completely new. If LLMs are indeed acquiring the ability to make relevant
connections, that would be a historic but discomforting development.(太阳底下没有什么是全新
的。爱迪生没有发明电灯泡，而是改进了它。大多数所谓的创造者将不同领域的知识应用于
一个问题，并得出解决方案。更重要的是建立相关的联系，而不是发明全新的东西。如果
LLMs 确实获得了建立相关联系的能力，那将是一个具有历史意义但令人不安的发展)”可知，
作者在最后一段想表达一项发明是如何产生的。故选 A。
48．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Are LLMs truly original or are they just plagiarists (剽窃者)
The two statements may not be as different as they seem.( LLMs 是真正的原创者还是只是剽窃
者？这两种说法可能并不像看上去那么不同)”结合文章主要说明了一群计算机科学家通过
一个“鸡蛋和笔记本”的问题，来测试新聊天机器人是否可以进行创作。可知，C 选项“人工
智能能创造出原创的东西吗？”最符合文章标题。故选 C。
（十三）
（23-24 高二上·山西忻州·期中）Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue (狮身
人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient
sites. The smiling Sphinx is much smaller than the famous Sphinx in Giza, which is 20 metres
high. The stone work of art, believed to be a stylized representation of an ancient Roman emperor,
was found inside a two-level tomb near the temple in southern Egypt.
Next to the beautifully and accurately carved Sphinx, researchers had found a Roman stone
written in hieroglyph (象形文字). Once fully translated, the stone may unveil the identity of the
sculpted ruler, who could be Emperor Claudius.
The smiling Sphinx is among a series of discoveries announced over the past few months.
The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the
Saqqara cemetery (墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of
the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden
nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of
pharaoh ( 法老 ) Khufu, or Cheops. Further south, in Luxor, archaeologists had discovered a
1,800-year-old complete residential city from the Roman times.
Hathor Temple, about 500 kilometres south of the capital Cairo, was home to the Dendera
Zodiac, a heavenly map which has been displayed at the Louvre in Paris for more than a century.
Since Frenchman Sebastien Louis Saulnier took it out of the temple in 1922, Egypt has be专题 04 阅读理解之说明文
（一）
（23-24 高二上·安徽黄山·期中）For most ordinary purposes, machine translation (MT) has got a
lot better in the past years. The biggest source of improvement has been the adoption of “deep
learning” in training translating systems. But improvement has also come about through the
expansion of clever companies solving individual tasks. Some have created specialist dictionaries
so that important terms can be translated accurately and consistently. Other inventions combine
MT with a human translator’s editing tools, which means translators spend most of their time
checking and perfecting MT output, rather than doing the work of the translating themselves.
For some translators, being a machine’s editor may sound depressing. This can be seen the
other way around, however. A human repeatedly translating identical formulae can get bored.
Allowing the machine to do these boring jobs frees the translator to apply specialized knowledge,
solving more intellectually satisfying problems.
What are those problems One Madrid-based translator for a big law firm describes a recent
task. It involved making a critical distinction in a legal document: a Spanish word (dolo) that’s
properly translated as “wilful misconduct” was translated only as “misconduct” by software. Since
the law requires considerably severer punishment when the misconduct is “wilful”, the omission
(省略) was potentially disastrous.
Today, many translation firms are proud of using MT, not as a crutch (依赖) but as a means
to cut costs and turnaround times. Part of their job becomes knowing what can be automated and
what cannot. Instruction manuals can be left to MT while others like a novel legal argument
cannot.
The bad news for some translators is that a tap of repeatable, easy work is being turned off.
The good news is that what remains will be brain-challenging stuff for people who know a
language and something else. Tales of artificial intelligence usually test humans against machines.
But the translators of the future will be neither entirely human nor machine. They will be human
beings with mechanical enhancements.
1．What can we learn about machine translation from paragraph 1
A．It has been mostly used by specialists.
B．Lots of efforts have been made to improve it.
C．Some clever companies have made a fortune from it.
D．It has replaced human translators in some simple tasks.
2．What can be inferred from the case mentioned by the Madrid-based translator
A．Experienced translators are hard to find.
B．Machine translation can be inaccurate.
C．Machine translation has led to many misjudgments.
D．It is difficult for translators to tell“wilful misconduct”from“misconduct”.
3．What is many translation firms’ attitude towards using machine translation today
A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Technology contributes to productive translators
B．Translation is faced with a great technical challenge
C．The translator of the future is a human-machine hybrid
D．Career opportunities in the field of translation are increasing
（二）
（23-24 高二上 ·黑龙江哈尔滨 ·期中）Out in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 60 miles off the
northwest coast of Africa, lie the Canary Islands. In the 1950s, the boom in package tourism
showed promise as a new cash crop. But while the Canary Islands had the sunshine, warm climate
and ease of access from Europe needed for this new industry, they were missing a vital element
picture postcard sandy beaches.
So the developers on Tenerife in the Canary Islands constructed a breakwater (防波堤 )
over half a mile long. And then, from the Western Sahara on Africa’s northwest coast, they
shipped in 270, 000 tons of sand. By 1973, the project was complete. As anticipated, tourists
arrived. Along the engineered beach, rows and rows of tourists relax on beach chairs under
umbrellas or walk across soft sand to cool down in the water.
Unanticipated was what their presence gave to one of the world’s most endangered fish
species, angel sharks — visibility. The gentle wind creates tiny waves on the water’s surface, a
magical cover for what lies beneath — an angel shark nursery. Female angel sharks regularly
migrate to these ideally sheltered waters to give birth to pups (幼崽), who remain in the shallows
for about a year. Feeding on small fishes, they grow to around the same length as a newborn
human baby.
Surveys have shown that other beaches in the Canary Islands are also potential nursery
sites. Interestingly, most of them have been remade to make them more attractive to people. Playa
Chica has another long sweep of imported sand. It’s an attraction for divers as well as angel
sharks, so the number of sightings of mature angel sharks of this shoreline is one of highest in the
islands.
Normally, massive, environmentally disruptive projects are bad for wildlife. But what’s
clear is that after the breakwater was built and the sand arrived, people followed, and in the calm,
shallow waters they began to see baby angel sharks. And unlike how many an association between
humans and wildlife ends-in conflict and dead animals, this time it led to conservation.
5．Why did the developers on Tenerife carry out the project
A．To build a base for shipping. B．To boost the local tourism industry.
C．To fight against the rising sea. D．To protect the island’s eco-system.
6．What was an unexpected result of the project
A．It caused the disappearance of some fishes.
B．It made a magical tourist attraction.
C．It gave angel sharks a home.
D．It created conflicts between sharks and tourists.
7．What is the author’s attitude toward the engineered beach
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Intolerant.
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To highlight the financial benefits of tourism.
B．To introduce potential human-wildlife coexistence.
C．To explain the situation of endangered species.
D．To emphasize the importance of wildlife conservation.
（三）
（23-24 高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource. Today
architectural heritage sites are being destroyed at an alarming rate. They’re threatened by rising
seas, pollution, overtourism, conflicts and so on. Recently, Notre Dame Cathedral has attracted
international attention.
Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been
damaged and repaired. On April 15, 2019, the landmark’s roof caught fire, causing the collapse of
its spire (尖顶) and upper walls severely damaged. Work on the site began quickly. Through the
work of photographer Tomas van Houtryve, writer Robert Kunzig, and artist Fernando Baptista,
people will see restoring scenes where ruins are cleared and statues saved. Even the COVID-19
pandemic caused only a two-month delay. Architects have said the expensive project is on track to
be completed in 2024.
And thorny questions arise. What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors What
lesson can we draw from their presence
Humankind has answered that differently. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche, an
18th-century baroque church, was famous for its bell-shaped dome (穹顶). In February 1945, one
of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II reduced the city to ruins. After German
reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and
harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different
story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a “warning monument” against war and
destruction.
Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before,
including using the original, toxic metal — lead (铅) — for the roof, causing the debate about how
to restore and maintain historic buildings. Actually, no one claims to have the “right” answers on
preservation; there may not even be right answers. What people could do is to continuously
monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past,
present, and future.
9．What do we know about Notre Dame Cathedral
A．It was once threatened by conflicts.
B．It collapsed totally during a fire decade ago.
C．It has undergone repeated repairs since 1163.
D．It was not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
10．What does the underlined word “thorny” mean
A．Simple. B．Tough. C．Accurate. D．Attractive.
11．Why are the Frauenkirche and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church mentioned in para.4
A．To remind people the value of peace and harmony.
B．To warn people the influence of war and destruction.
C．To demonstrate different solutions to heritage site preservation.
D．To introduce reconstruction methods such as using original materials.
12．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Cultural heritage sites are nonrenewable so that they are worth protecting.
B．Notre Dame Cathedral has been the most attractive heritage site globally.
C．The reconstruction of cultural heritage sites seldom causes disagreements.
D．The reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral after fire has been completed.
（四）
（23-24 高二上 ·浙江杭州 ·期中）Small planetary (行星 ) bodies is the big focus of space
exploration in 2023 and People are eager to solve many of the mysteries about these tiny worlds.
In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller
bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in.
The first task Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) was launched in April 2023 and is
scheduled to land in 2031. This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to
explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are thought to have
oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells.
“The thing we are most interested in is the liquid oceans and in particular with Ganymede –
we don’t know the location, the depth ,the composition of these oceans,” says ESA’s Olivier
Witasse, the project scientist. “While JUICE has many goals, the most exciting one is to hunt for
life there as water is crucial to life ”.
Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other spacecraft Psyche from NASA
is named after the asteroid (小行星) it will land. Researchers believe Psyche to be an exposed
iron core of a young planet. Studying planetary cores is nearly impossible on actual planets
because they are so deep underground, so Psyche could present a unique opportunity.
“The core is always crucial. For the Earth, it creates magnetic field and gives off heat,” says
one of the researchers of Psyche, “One of the ways to answer why Earth is habitable is to study
how it was built, and Psyche is part of that story. We don’t know what we’re going to find, and if
blessed, we’re going to be completely surprised because there was no previous data.”
Habitability (宜居性) in our solar system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts
should bring us one step closer to understanding it.
13．What is the aim of the two spacecraft launching tasks
A．To study planetary bodies. B．To solve mysteries about worlds.
C．To explore the solar system. D．To understand how worlds become habitable.
14．According to Olivier Witasse, which of the following statements about JUICE is NOT true.
A．Its most important goal is to hunt for life.
B．It is scheduled to travel about 8 years before it reaches its destination.
C．It has found there are liquid oceans under frozen shells of Jupiter.
D．It is designed by EAU to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons.
15．What can be learned from Psyche task
A．Psyche will be launched to explore Psyche.
B．There was a little previous data about the asteroid.
C．People have known how the earth is built through it.
D．Psyche’s core creates magnetic field and gives off heat.
16．What is the text mainly about
A．Ganymede attracts particular attention of scientists of ESA．
B．Psyche is key to helping people solve mysteries about space.
C．JUICE is scheduled to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons.
D．The launching of two spacecrafts is to help understand habitability.
（五）
（23-24 高二上 ·湖北恩施 ·期中）Recent research highlights that the timing of our meals,
particularly the last one of the day, can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely
about what we consume, but also about when we do so.
The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and
Women’s Hospital (BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October 2022, suggesting that
early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And it defined an early
dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our body’s circadian
rhythm (生理节奏).
The BWH study discovered clear differences in metabolic (新陈代谢的) profiles of early and
late diners. Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, improved fat-burning
capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels. Meanwhile, late dinners led to increased
hunger, slower calorie burning, and higher fat storage, posing risks for conditions like diabetes(糖
尿病).
The exact timing of dinner isn’t a one-size-fits-all choice, as people’s routines vary widely.
Maya Feller, a nutritionist based in Brooklyn, NY, emphasizes that our schedules —ranging from
traditional nine-to-five to round-the-clock — are critical when considering “ideal” meal times.
Therefore, finding a dinner time that fits into your schedule is essential, rather than sticking to a
strict, potentially impossible timetable.
Wendy Bazilian, DrPH, offers insightful tips for those whose routines may not permit an
early dinner. She recommends consuming meals or snacks every three to five hours. This regular
eating pattern can help . stabilize blood sugar levels, preventing the feeling of hunger.
Furthermore, it’s advantageous to leave a gap of two to three hours between your last meal and
bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for most of the digestion process —
letting you get adequate rest and repair during sleep.
So it’s time to reconsider not just the contents of your plate, but also the clock. After all,
leading a healthy lifestyle isn’t merely about counting calories but al o understanding when and
how to fuel our bodies.
17．What did the Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study mainly focus on
A．The recommended daily diet. B．Our body’s circadian rhythm.
C．The drawbacks of early dinners. D．The importance of dinner timing.
18．What may be the result of having an early dinner
A．Having a strong sense of hunger. B．Storing up more fat in your body.
C．Having a higher risk of diabetes. D．Enjoying a sound night’s sleep.
19．What advice does Wendy Bazilian give to the late diners
A．They’re supposed to grab some food every 5. hours.
B．They’d better have access to adequate rest and repair,
C．They should allow for digestion process before bedtime.
D．They are advised to keep their blood sugar level stable.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．The Healthiest Time to Eat Dinner. B．We Are What We Eat.
C．Benefits of Good Dietary Habits. D．Eating Less in the Evening.
（六）
（23-24 高二上·福建厦门·期末）When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only
nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of
his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on
the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.
Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all
nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur
alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with
markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven
zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”,
“outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素 ) er-, which qualified most
anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning
“head”.
Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of
an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no
words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow.
Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above;
arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object.
The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage
process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes
referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure
alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects
the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.
21．What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands
A．To meet with an old friend. B．To teach Indigenous idioms.
C．To record an ancient language. D．To trace her ancestors.
22．“Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______.
A．Arashile raercho B．Arashile ercho
C．Eshile ercho D．Eshile raercho
23．What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese
A．A verb could describe more than one action. B．Some of the verbs could be used on their
own.
C．The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D．The tools used in people’s daily life
are diverse.
24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages.
B．Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom.
C．Great Andamanese tells the development of the community.
D．Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview.
（七）
（23-24 高二上·广东肇庆·期中）As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of
the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or
even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a
space. It is not uncommon for me to visit a theme park and go on one ride and spend the rest of the
time just enjoying the atmosphere.
No matter how many times I ride an attraction, I’m having the same experience. But with live
entertainment, it constantly changes. Different performers bring their own touch to the show. Even
when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an
impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment.
But because these live performances aren’t bolted ( 固定 ) to the ground and are easily
influenced, they are often the first thing to get removed from the parks when there is a shortage of
money. As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply
don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. Without it, a theme park is just a group of
people walking quickly from one ride to the next.
We are certainly living in an unprecedented time, but I’m happy to see that theme parks have
found creative ways to make sure there is some sort of live entertainment put on safe. Most parks
are having their characters and performances visible from a distance.
One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie
the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example
of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible,
I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and
close-up interactions to return.
25．What does the author like best in a theme park
A．Joining its parades. B．Observing its visitors.
C．Trying its various rides. D．Enjoying its live shows.
26．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The error. B．The show. C．The reason. D．The attention.
27．What does the author think of the business decision in paragraph 3
A．It will bring theme parks more business.
B．It will make theme parks easily influenced
C．It will make theme park rides more popular.
D．It will take away the liveliness of theme parks.
28．Why does the author mention Winnie the Pooh
A．To explain what theme parks can do to stay
B．To show its popularity among theme park visitors.
C．To explain what characters can do to get closer to visitors.
D．To show the influence special times can have on theme park.
（八）
（23-24 高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather
than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target.
There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high
standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for
special occasions.
One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as 500,000 JPY ($3,346 USD).
Several districts have recently witnessed an alarming rise in fruit theft. Yamanashi Prefecture, for
instance, lost an shocking 8,500,000 JPY ($56,890 USD) from 40 cases of missing fruit in the
last four months. It is so bad, in fact, that local firefighters and private security guards are going
around and checking the area at night to ensure the safety of the fruits.
The same thing happened to another peach farm located in Fuefuki City when farmers were
aware that 1,400 peaches went missing out of the blue. Another top farming company in
Yamanashi City lost 1,500 peaches just two days later. Peaches were not the only luxury fruit
being targeted in the past few months. Just last September 28,400 bunches of grapes went missing
in the Yamanashi Prefecture. The total loss amounted to 350,000 ($2,343 USD).
Farm owners are now increasing their security measures to prevent this rise in theft. They are
paying a fortune to employ local private security guards to patrol around the clock when fruits are
ripe. Even they are about to install a monitoring system to watch over the farm at all times, which
serves as a threat to thieves. If thefts do happen, they can call the police.
29．What unusual item is currently being stolen more frequently in Japan
A．Quality fruits. B．Watches. C．Luxury cars. D．Jewelry.
30．Why are these quality fruits in Japan so valuable
A．They have unique flavors.
B．They are always given as gifts.
C．They are less expensive than other luxury items.
D．They are grown by hand to meet high quality standards.
31．Why did the article mention the price of a softball-sized strawberry
A．To highlight the size of the stolen fruits.
B．To provide an example of a stolen fruit.
C．To emphasize the high cost of luxury fruits.
D．To explain the popularity of strawberries in Japan.
32．What is the primary purpose of the article
A．To stress the value of luxury fruits in Japan.
B．To show the rise in theft of luxury items in Japan.
C．To describe the efforts to fight fruit thefts in Japan.
D．To promote the growth of the quality fruit market in Japan.
（九）
（23-24 高二上·安徽滁州·期中）Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe
water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply. The
water crisis is a direct result of falling levels of rain within the Cutzamala System, which supplies
the city of nearly 10 million people, and of its primary water source, the Valle de Bravo reservoir.
Levels at the reservoir have fallen significantly after years of limited rainfall.
“Mexico currently has a major problem in terms of water due to climate change,” Sandra
Lopez, a research er at the public policy research center Mexican Institute for Competitiveness,
said. “But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have
different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to
management.” This, for obvious reasons, means that the population and Mexican society in
general is experiencing water stress, which we are only just identifying as a potential problem.
The water shortage affects about one-fourth of the population in the Mexican capital, which
is witnessing daily water disruptions (中断) in various areas, making it difficult for residents to
undertake essential tasks such as cooking, cleaning and bathing. “In the neighborhood where I am,
they start to cut off the water supply at about 1 1 am. It comes very slowly,” Sergio Ramos, a clerk
at Navycar car wash in Mexico City, said. The water supply only lasts seven or eight hours a day,
he said. Amid the continuing crisis, the federal, state and city governments are urging citizens to
conserve water by fixing faulty faucets (水龙头), making use of waste water, and taking shorter
showers. These actions, aimed at reducing consumption, could contribute to extending the city’s
water supply. With the shortage projected to last until May, water conservation efforts will have to
continue for some time.
Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water,
while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in
public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s
water supply. Educational initiatives are also underway to the Cutzamala System.
“The Cutzamala System dams are at low storage levels due to the lack of rain and the
drought in the country,” said Mexico City Water System, which manages the city’s drinking water
supply. “In this context, at the same time there have been low levels of storage in the tanks that
distribute water in the Azcapotzalco district.”
The National Water Commission, or Conagua, explained that there is a 29 percent
deficit(缺乏)in the country’s reservoirs, compared with historical data for November.
33．What did Sandra Lopez mainly convey in Paragraph 2
A．Expenses of developing water resources. B．Ways of protecting the water sources.
C．Influences of the water shortage. D．Reasons for the water shortage.
34．Which measure isn’t recommended by the governments but is taken by some citizens
A．Repairing faulty faucets. B．Using rainwater or bottled water.
C．Making the most of waste water. D．Using traditional water-saving devices.
35．Which can replace the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 4
A．Manage. B．Increase. C．Investigate. D．Classify.
36．What can be the best title for the news report
A．Mexico City battles severe water crisis B．Years-long lack of rainfall in Mexico City
C．Mexico adjusts distribution of water supply D．Cutzamala System supplies Mexico City
with water
（十）
（23-24 高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）Greece has criticized the United Kingdom for canceling (取
消) a planned meeting between Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and UK Prime Minister Rishi
Sunak, apparently so that Sunak could avoid talking about ancient artefacts (历史文物 ) that
Greece says were taken illegally. Mitsotakis and Sunak were set to meet on Tuesday, but Sunak
canceled it on Monday, reportedly after learning that Mitsotakis planned to talk about the
Parthenon sculptures.
The UK government initially believed Mitsotakis would not talk about the sculptures,
which are now in the British Museum. The sculptures were once part of the Parthenon in the
Greek capital Athens. The row (纠纷 ) became more serious after Mitsotakis told the BBC on
Sunday the UK’s offer to store some of the sculptures in London and some in Athens was akin to
cutting the Mona Lisa in two. He also said the sculptures had been essentially stolen.
Mitsotakis said he was deeply disappointed by the abrupt cancellation of the meeting.
“Those who firmly believe in the correctness and justice of their positions are never hesitant to
engage in constructive argument and debate,” he was quoted by The Associated Press as saying.
The BBC reported that sources in the Greek government were puzzled and annoyed by the
meeting cancellation.
Greece has long criticized the way in which the Parthenon sculptures ended up in London,
after they were bought by British diplomat Lord Elgin and shipped to the UK between 1801 and
1804. Because the two nations disagree on the legality of the deal and have firm positions, they
have tended to avoid talking about the issue during high-level diplomatic meetings.
The UK’s Transport Secretary Mark Harper said on the BBC’s Breakfast program on
Tuesday that it was regretful that the prime ministers would not meet during Mitsotakis’UK visit.
He said Mitsotakis had been offered the chance to meet instead the UK’s deputy prime minister,
Oliver Dowden, but he had refused the meeting. “The views of Greece on the Parthenon
sculptures are well known,” Mitsotakis was quoted by The Guardian as saying. “I had hoped to
have the opportunity to discuss them with UK Prime Minister along with other international
challenges. ” The UK’s opposition Labour Party criticized Sunak for canceling the meeting and
said his behavior appeared disrespectful.
37．Which can replace the underlined phrase “akin to” in paragraph 2
A．Contrary to. B．Similar to. C．Relevant to. D．Adapted to
38．How did the Parthenon sculptures end up being in Great Britain
A．An Englishman purchased them and sent them there.
B．Some stole them and sold them to a British diplomat.
C．The then Greek government presented them to the UK as a gift.
D．The then British army took them by force and transported them there.
39．Why did Mitsotakis refuse to meet the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden
A．He was too occupied with other affairs.
B．He was supposed to meet UK Prime Minister.
C．He didn’t approve of his words and behaviors.
D．He had arranged for another official to meet him.
40．What is the best title for the news report
A．Sunak and Mitsotakis set to meet on Tuesday
B．Mitsotakis thinks highly of Greece artefacts stored in UK
C．Mitsotakis plans to take back Parthenon sculptures from UK
D．Greece’s arguing with UK about artefacts sparks diplomatic row
（十一）
（23-24 高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just two species of flowering plant native to the
Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice
begins to melt, according to a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in
2009—2019 as it had in the previous 50 years; the other is Antarctic pearl wort, which has seen
the speed of growth increase five times over the same period.
A team led by Nicoletta Cannone, a researcher from the University of Insubria, Italy,
measured the growth of Antarctica’s two native plants at sites on Signy Island. The results were
shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely
populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer.
According to nonprofit Discovering Antarctica, the region’s temperatures have warmed by an
average of 3°C as a result of human-caused climate change, meaning once stable ice shelves are
now narrowing down. In some parts, that has given way to land now habitable to the two plant
species.
Peter Convey, at the British Antarctic Survey, told the New Scientist: “The most novel
feature of this is not that something is growing faster but that we’re starting to see what is almost
like a step change or a tipping point.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scottish Association for Marine
Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansion is now clearly evident in the region. This
research gives us the first all-sided data showing how fast and how dense the plant community
may expand.”
The researchers acknowledged there could be other factors at play causing the plants’ growth,
such as the decreasing fur seal population—but this also is linked to climate change. Meanwhile,
as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more
than native plants, which could in turn destabilize long-established local ecosystems.
“If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar
process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could
change rapidly. And that really concerns all.”
41．According to the article, what factors play a role in the fast growth of the two native plants
A．The climate getting warmer.
B．The fur seal population rising.
C．The non-native plants occupying the land.
D．The quality of the soil of the land improving.
42．What does the underlined word “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but one
A．Strengthen. B．Change. C．Benefit. D．Narrow.
43．What’s the researchers’ main concern regarding the growth of flowering plants in Antarctica
A．The decrease of fur seal population.
B．The occupation of non-native species.
C．The impact of human-caused climate change.
D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and biodiversity.
44．Which of the following is the suitable title for the text
A．Scientists Working in Antarctica.
B．Native Flowering Plants in Antarctica.
C．The Effect of Global Warming on Antarctica.
D．Non-native Plant Species in Antarctica.
（十二）
（23-24 高二上·湖北十堰·期中）In March, 2023, a group of computer scientists published an
assessment of a new chatbot with artificial intelligence (AI). The team’s report drew global
attention to one test in particular: We have a book, nine eggs, a laptop, a bottle and a nail, and
please tell me how to pile them onto each other in a stable manner. This is a tough puzzle. Earlier
versions of the chatbot gave silly and unreasonable answers. But the new chatbot’s unique answer
helped set off the current global wave of AI advocacy and anxiety. It fueled debate about how
large language models (LLMs) were able to perform creative tasks.
By 2022, LLMs were being trained on as many as 17 trillion words of human-generated
text, mainly from the Internet. It was certain that the new chatbot was exposed to functional
fixedness (功能固着) problems in its training. The researchers were of course aware of that and
invented the “eggs and laptop” puzzle to prevent the new chatbot from dishonestly copying an
answer from the Internet. LLMs used language statistics only. No one had said how to pile these
nine eggs on top of each other ever before. The extreme rarity of those words would tend to
prevent LLMs from talking about piling eggs in unrealistic ways. One of the researchers that
tested the new chatbot thinks it’s likely that an LLM trained on trillions of words creates a world
model, and this is what gives it the “magical” extrapolation (外推) properties.
Are LLMs truly original or are they just plagiarists (剽窃者) The two statements may not
be as different as they seem. There’s nothing entirely new under the sun. Edison did not invent the
light bulb but improved it. Most so-called creators apply knowledge from different fields to a
problem and arrive at a solution. It’s more a matter of making relevant connections than of
inventing something completely new. If LLMs are indeed acquiring the ability to make relevant
connections, that would be a historic but discomforting development.
45．What do we know about the new chatbot’s answer to the puzzle in paragraph 1
A．It was silly. B．It set people thinking.
C．It drew little attention. D．It highlighted language innovation.
46．Why did the researchers invent the “eggs and laptop” puzzle
A．To copy online answers. B．To stop the chatbot cheating.
C．To train humans to use language. D．To expose the chatbot to functional problems.
47．What does the author convey in the last paragraph
A．How an invention came into being. B．How Edison became successful in history.
C．Why Edison invented something entirely new. D．Why an invention required effort
and opportunity.
48．What is the best title for the text
A．Will Robots Replace Humans B．Can Robots Develop Smoothly
C．Can AI Come Up With Anything Original D．Will AI Solve Magical And Difficult
Problems
（十三）
（23-24 高二上·山西忻州·期中）Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue (狮身
人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient
sites. The smiling Sphinx is much smaller than the famous Sphinx in Giza, which is 20 metres
high. The stone work of art, believed to be a stylized representation of an ancient Roman emperor,
was found inside a two-level tomb near the temple in southern Egypt.
Next to the beautifully and accurately carved Sphinx, researchers had found a Roman stone
written in hieroglyph (象形文字). Once fully translated, the stone may unveil the identity of the
sculpted ruler, who could be Emperor Claudius.
The smiling Sphinx is among a series of discoveries announced over the past few months.
The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the
Saqqara cemetery (墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of
the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden
nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of
pharaoh ( 法老 ) Khufu, or Cheops. Further south, in Luxor, archaeologists had discovered a
1,800-year-old complete residential city from the Roman times.
Hathor Temple, about 500 kilometres south of the capital Cairo, was home to the Dendera
Zodiac, a heavenly map which has been displayed at the Louvre in Paris for more than a century.
Since Frenchman Sebastien Louis Saulnier took it out of the temple in 1922, Egypt has been
attempting to get it back.
Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than
scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic
crisis. The government aims to draw in 30 million tourists a year by 2028.
49．What do we know about the smiling Sphinx
A．Its owner was confirmed as an ancient Roman ruler.
B．It has been the best-preserved Sphinx till now.
C．It is as high as 20 metres like the Sphinx of Giza.
D．It was discovered close to the Hathor Temple.
50．What does the underlined word “unveil” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Reveal.
B．Seek.
C．Deny.
D．Maintain.
51．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The diversity of cultural relics in Egypt.
B．The discoveries made recently in Egypt.
C．The status of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
D．The new discovery about pharaoh Khufu.
52．What does Egypt expect most from the recent discoveries
A．Scientific progress.
B．Political position.
C．Economic advance.
D．Cultural exchange.
（十四）
（23-24 高二上 ·山西长治 ·期中）Researchers have been aware for an extended period that
adequate sleep at night is crucial for maintaining brain health. However, there is now encouraging
information for individuals who enjoy taking short naps (小睡 ) during the day. A recent study
found that daytime naps can have positive effects on brain function.
Researchers from the University College London in the UK and the University of the
Republic in Uruguay looked at small sections of people’s DNA．There are 97 sections of DNA in
humans that can identify whether a person is likely to be a daytime napper or not. The scientists
used data from 35,080 people in the UK between the ages of 40 and 69. They identified people in
the study whose DNA made them more likely to nap during the day and people whose DNA
showed they didn’t need to nap. The team compared brain scans (扫描) of the nappers with scans
of the non-nappers and noticed some key differences in their brains.
The results suggested that those who liked to nap had larger brains than those who didn’t.
The brain naturally shrinks with age, so this meant that the brains of people who liked to nap aged
more slowly than people who didn’t nap. The people who napped had brains that were about 9
cubic (立方的) inches larger than those who didn’t nap, which was equal to slowing down aging
by three to six years.
Dr. Victoria Garfield, involved in the study, mentioned that the research could provide
insights into maintaining brain health with age. She expressed hope that positive findings, such as
the health benefits of daytime napping, would drive any negative impression away about midday
naps. While the study lacked specific information on nap duration (持续时间), previous research
suggests that around 30-minute naps are most beneficial for the brain. Additionally, taking a nap
earlier in the day, as opposed to late afternoon, is less likely to impact nighttime sleep.
53．What does the recent study mentioned in the passage show about daytime naps
A．They have no impact on brain function.
B．They can positively affect brain function.
C．They have a damaging effect on brain health.
D．They are only beneficial if taken for a long period.
54．How did the researchers identify those who tend to daytime napping
A．By studying a large population aged 40-69.
B．By analyzing people and animals’ brain scans.
C．By examining small sections of people’s DNA．
D．By conducting surveys on daytime napping habits.
55．What is the likely meaning of the word “shrink” in paragraph 3
A．To become more natural. B．To physically reduce in size.
C．To age a little bit quickly. D．To increase in volume.
56．What does the passage imply about the timing of daytime naps
A．Late afternoon naps are more beneficial for brain health.
B．Nighttime sleep is unaffected by the timing of daytime naps.
C．The study does not provide information about the timing of naps.
D．Napping earlier in the day has a positive impact on nighttime sleep.
（十五）
（23-24 高二上·山东淄博·期中）The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be
developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among
researchers.
According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a
student's growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the
classroom. These teachers may convey how, in their classes, mistakes are learning opportunities,
not signs of low ability, and back up this view with assignments and evaluations that reward
continual improvement. This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth
mindset.
The study analyzed data from the National Study of Learning Mindset, which was an
intervention experiment conducted with a sample of ninth-grade students’ math grades. The
present focus on math grades is motivated by the fact that students tend to find math challenging
and anxiety inducing, and therefore, a growth mindset might help students face those challenges
productively.
In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset
intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose
teachers themselves had growth mindset. They also found that baseline students — serve as a
benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported
more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades.
Successfully teaching a growth mindset to students lifted math grades overall, but this was
not enough for all students to reap the benefits of a growth-mindset intervention. Supportive
classroom contexts also mattered.Students who were in classrooms with teachers who approved of
more of a fixed mindset did not show gains in their math grades over ninth grade, whereas the
same kind of students in classrooms with more growth-mind set teachers showed meaningful
gains.
In general, they view the testing and understanding of the causal effect of teacher mindset
as the next step for mindset science. Such research will be challenging to carry out, however.
57．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．How a student's growth-mindset is inspired.
B．Why a teacher's growth mindset is important.
C．How mistakes turn into learning opportunities.
D．Why a student continues acting on growth mindset.
58．What can we learn from the study on ninth-grade students
A．Students were unable to overcome maths challenge.
B．The positive effect was concentrated on all students.
C．The sample size of the experiment was insufficient.
D．Students at baseline were influenced considerably.
59．In the growth-mindset intervention, the teachers' mindset_______.
A．has an influence on the effectiveness
B．is determined by supportive classroom
C．always brings meaningful gains to students
D．plays a decisive role in students' significant gains
60．What is a suitable title for the text
A．The Academic Performance: The Influence of Students’ Mindset
B．Students’ Learning Motivation: The Impact of Teachers’ Mindset
C．Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers
D．Fixed and Growth Mindset: Their Relationship and Impact
（十六）
（ 23-24 高二上 ·甘肃天水 ·期中）The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot
autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition
team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the
ocean.
The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of
10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of
the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the
Atlantic.
Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal
buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water
column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail
causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they
lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing
only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions
from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail.
The gliders equipped with sensors to help indicate the presence of oil. Though scientists must
still confirm oil presence through water sampling, gliders narrowed the search zone for subsurface
oil. It will also help people better explore the ocean in the future.
“The glider shines light on the mysteries of the oceans. It can sample the ocean in places that
are not realistic, and for a small amount of the price,” said Zdenka Willis, director of the research
team. “Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean
observing.”
61．What is the purpose of RU27
A．To travel from New Jersey to Spain. B．To collect information on the ocean.
C．To transport scientists to the ocean. D．To analyze the data from the ocean.
62．What does Paragraph 3 tell us about the glider
A．Its main elements. B．Its moving areas.
C．Its operating principle. D．Its data processing .
63．What does Zdenka Willis say about the application of the glider to the oceans
A．It’s not realistic. B．It will be costly. C．It’s demanding.
D．It will be a future trend.
64．What is the best title for the text
A．Underwater Robots Explore the Ocean B．The Glider Becomes the Focus
C．Underwater Expedition Helps Scientists D．A New Robot Comes into View
（十七）
（23-24 高二上·山东聊城·期中）Going for a picnic is a good experience to be in nature, but it’s
terrible to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment. Here are some ways to keep your
picnic green.
Use reusable plates and cups. You don’t need to wash disposable (—次性的) plates and cups
because they pollute the environment. It’s greener and cheaper to bring metal plates and cups from
home. After the picnic, you can take them home and wash them.
Try to buy food from local farmers’ markets. In general, if you bring less food for your
picnic, you’ll create less pollution.
Try to have an all-vegetarian picnic. Modern production of meat uses lots of energy and
creates lots of pollution.
Instead of driving, ride a bike or walk to the park. If the park you want to visit is too far from
your home, you can take public transportation like buses or subways.
After your picnic, remember to pick up all your trash. Try to keep the picnic area clean. If
possible, try not to create any trash at all and reuse whatever you can.
65．It’s ________ to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment.
A．good B．useful C．bad D．possible
66．How many ways can we keep the picnic clean from the passage
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
67．Why should we bring some metal plates and cups to have a picnic
A．Because they are very hard.
B．Because we can bring them home to reuse them after washing them.
C．Because they are cheap.
D．Because they look nice.
68．If we want to bring less food for your picnic to create less pollution, we’d better ________.
A．buy the food from the big shop in the city
B．buy the food from local farmers’ markets
C．buy the food from the supermarket near your house
D．buy the food from the restaurants in the city
69．After your picnic, don’t forget to ________.
A．pick up all your trash
B．try to keep the picnic area clean, if possible
C．try not to create any trash at all
D．Above all.
（十八）
（23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）Air fryers are quickly becoming popular in the US these years,
with many people having the idea that air fryers are a great way to make quick, healthy meals.
An air fryer can be used to get the crispness of deep-fried food without actually deep frying
the food in oil. Breaded foods are among the most popular dishes in America. Instead of placing
something like breaded chicken into oil, the air fryer blows hot air around the chicken and causes
it to crisp up and brown, creating a crunchy texture (松脆的口感) that is similar to fried chicken.
Nutritionist Bellatti said, “When you are just using a teaspoon of oil in an air fryer, it’s going
to be a lot less caloric than something in a real fryer where a lot more oil is being taken in. It’s a
way to lower your calorie intake greatly. Additionally, for those who are watching fat intake for
medical reasons, air fryers can help them create fried foods that are lower in total fat content.”
Reducing fat and calorie intake can help a person lose weight and eat healthier when
compared to eating fried foods. But some experts say there is no guarantee that air frying is a
healthier way to cook.
If you’re turning to an air fryer every day to cook every meal, you’re not necessarily eating
healthier, according to nutritionist Hartley. Air frying makes some dishes healthier, but it doesn’t
add nutritional value. Similarly, it doesn’t make an unhealthy dish a smart choice. At the end of
the day, air-fried breaded chichen is still breaded chichen—grilled chichen would be the healthier
choice.
“Air frying is just an easy and low mess way to cook dishes that have the satisfying crispness
of fried foods,” Hartley said. “Instead of thinking of them as a dieting tool, think of them as a tool
for cooking simple and satisfying meals.” Hartley also added air fryers would probably not help
you lose weight, saying there was “zero research” to back that up.
And cutting oil out of your diet completely isn’t always for the best. “Although a low-fat,
air-fried diet sounds attractive, you’d end up missing out on the wonderful advantages of
plant-based fats such as avocado oil and olive oil,” said nutritionist Cucuzza.
70．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2
A．How the air fryer improves the taste of fried chichen.
B．Why many American people love breaded foods.
C．Why the air fryer enjoys popularity in America.
D．How the air fryer works to make foods crisp.
71．What did Bellatti try to express
A．People should have a calorie-controlled diet.
B．Eating fewer calories may lead to a healthier life.
C．Air fryers can be more useful than traditional fryers.
D．Air fryers can help people cut down on calories and fat.
72．What might the underlined word “guarantee” in paragraph 4 mean
A．expectation B．possibility
C．certainty D．suggestion
73．What is Hartley’s attitude toward people using air fryers as a tool to lose weight
A．He is against it. B．He is hopeful of it.
C．He is uninterested in it. D．He is uncertain about it.
（十九）
（23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）With governments across the world supporting native languages,
it may seem like people in power are finally beginning to accept linguistic diversity (语言多样性).
But there’s still a long way to go.
In Mexico, for example, speakers of native languages still face challenges that Spanish
speakers may not. According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of
Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these
communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. Although Mexico is home to many native
languages, like Nahuatl and Mixtec, most of these languages have become endangered because of
Spanish’s predominance (主导地位).
A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the
public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican
government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that
the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机 ) native
languages.
87% of respondents (调查对象) to the survey said they agreed with the statement that “the
presence of native people is important to Mexican culture.” The researchers also asked
respondents about their thoughts on teaching native languages and English in school. Most of the
respondents agreed that it was important to teach these as subjects in school, though native
languages received a bit less support than English (88.4% of respondents supported teaching
English in school compared to 70.8% for native languages).
The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to
support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a
variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few
languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have
less than 100,000 native speakers.
74．What do we know about speakers of native languages in Chiapas
A．They are encouraged to speak Spanish.
B．They are treated the same as Spanish speakers.
C．They have made a challenge to Spanish’s predominance.
D．They have had great success in protecting their language.
75．What does the recent survey find about the Mexican public
A．They care little about native languages.
B．They want to keep native languages alive.
C．They think native languages are more important than English.
D．They support schools specializing in teaching native languages.
76．Why did the researchers mention the National Institute of Native Languages
A．To recognize the Mexican government’s efforts.
B．To share its creative way of protecting Nahuatl.
C．To introduce it as a language training center.
D．To stress its importance to Mexican culture.
77．What is the best title for the text
A．Mixtec, one of the most spoken native languages in Mexico
B．Nahuatl, an endangered native language in Mexico
C．Mexicans support native language education
D．Mexicans are losing their native languages
（二十）
（23-24 高二上·山东潍坊·期中）AI (artificial intelligence) is a new field of computer science. It
allows machines to learn from experience, make decisions and solve problems like humans. Today
you can find a lot of AI examples in our everyday life. You use AI facial recognition to unlock
your phone. Self-driving cars use it to drive. Shopping apps use it to provide you with information
according to your interest. Perhaps the best example is the smart assistant on your phone, which
can support you when you make voice calls, add events to the calendar, and send messages. All in
all, AI is everywhere.
In recent years, China has a rapid development in AI. To prepare students well for the future,
Zhejiang Province plans to make students in primary and middle schools learn AI.
Last year, Zhejiang Province started “AI + education” pilot project in schools. Wenzhou is
one of the cities that have carried out the project. The city plans to have nearly 760 schools for AI
education by the end of this year, hoping to bring AI to every classroom.
It’s easy to open the AI course among primary and middle schools, because information
technology is already a subject tested in Gaokao in Zhejiang. The new AI course is expected to
build a strong AI talent pool for universities and colleges in the future. However, AI-based
education is still faced with a lot of challenges. One of the biggest challenges is that there are not
enough top teachers.
78．What can AI help machines do
A．Find a lot of examples B．Copy and act like humans.
C．Do everything for humans. D．Experience different kinds of life.
79．What does the underlined word “assistant” mean
A．Controller. B．Owner. C．Helper. D．Trainer.
80．Which of the following is NOT an example of AI
A．Taking a ride in a self-driving car.
B．Sharing your interest with friend.
C．Unlocking your phone with your face ID．
D．Sending messages with the smart assistant.
81．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．The AI education in Wenzhou.
B．The importance of the AI course.
C．The AI cities in Zhejiang Province.
D．The AI course and other subjects.
82．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．It’s going to be hard to pass AI tests.
B．The AI course will be a subject in Gaokao.
C．There will be a great need for top teachers.
D．The AI course will be popular all over the world.
（二十一）
（23-24 高二上·云南文山·期中）“Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a
poor man.” As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides
us with energy after a long night without food. If people don’t have breakfast in the morning, they
will feel tired and get angry easily. Breakfast helps children stay more focused at school. A study
showed that children who eat breakfast regularly score higher in most subjects.
Breakfast is also important for losing weight. If you have a balanced breakfast, you will eat
less throughout the day.
Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat
which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you
active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need.
In China, breakfast is different from region to region. However, porridge with pickles(腌菜),
baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common throughout the whole country. Although
Western culture influenced China a lot, most people still prefer traditional Chinese breakfast. They
think that porridge and noodles are not only easily digested, but also can provide enough energy in
the morning.
Some Western countries, they have some other kinds of food. For example, in the USA, they
enjoy sausages, soft pancakes. In Canada, local people like eating pancakes!
83．The old saying in the first paragraph means that ________.
A．breakfast must be delicious
B．breakfast is eaten by the king
C．breakfast is the most important among the three meals
D．breakfast can make people feel like a nice man
84．Why do we need to have breakfast in the morning
A．Because breakfast is helpful to our studies.
B．Because breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day.
C．Because breakfast offers energy to us after the whole night without food.
D．Because breakfast makes us feel excited.
85．Which of the following doesn’t belong to healthy breakfast
A．Cola and butter. B．A little meat.
C．Rice and bread. D．Eggs and milk.
86．What is the best title of the passage
A．Chinese Traditional Breakfast B．Breakfast and Health
C．Breakfast and Weight Loss D．Western Breakfast
（二十二）
（23-24 高二上·山东临沂·期中）Body language is a powerful means of communication used by
both humans and animals. Through gestures, facial expressions, and postures, individuals express
emotions, intentions, and establish social connections. This nonverbal form of communication
plays a crucial role in promoting understanding and establishing strong relationships.
In the human world, body language is an essential part of daily interactions. A smile can
instantly convey happiness and friendliness, while a furrowed brow may signify worry or
confusion. Even slight changes in posture can communicate confidence or depression. By paying
attention to these nonverbal signals, individuals can better understand the underlying emotions and
thoughts of others, thus strengthening their ability to understand and connect with each other.
Interestingly, animals also rely heavily on body language to communicate within their own
species and even across different species. For instance, a wagging tail in a dog usually means
excitement or happiness. Similarly, puffed-up feathers in birds can indicate attacks, while a
relaxed body posture may suggest satisfaction. By understanding these signals, animals can
effectively convey messages and establish social classes, ultimately improving their chances of
survival and successful reproduction.
Furthermore, body language often overcomes language barriers, enabling communication
between individuals who do not share a common language. This is particularly important in
diverse societies or in situations where verbal communication is not possible. In such cases,
gestures, facial expressions, and body movements become fundamental in conveying messages
and building connections.
Nonetheless, it is essential to recognize that body language is not always the same. Cultural
differences and individual personality traits can affect the interpretation of certain gestures and
expressions. For example, direct eye contact is generally considered a sign of respect and focus in
Western cultures, while it may be seen as a challenge or disrespect in other cultures. Therefore, it
is crucial to be mindful of these differences when interpreting body language in cross-cultural
communication.
87．What can we learn about body language from paragraph 1
A．It is only used by humans.
B．It is limited to verbal communication.
C．It can express emotions and intentions.
D．It is ineffective in bridging language barriers.
88．What does the underlined word “depression” mean in paragraph2
A．Being proud. B．Losing heart. C．Discomfort. D．Curiosity.
89．Why is body language important in diverse societies
A．It bridges language barriers.
B．It helps establish social classes.
C．It is the primary form of communication.
D．It removes the need for verbal communication.
90．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Animals rely only on verbal communication.
B．Body language is universally interpreted the same way.
C．Understanding body language can lead to successful reproduction.
D．Cultural differences can affect the interpretation of body language.
（二十三）
（23-24 高二上·云南昭通·期中）Why do we find ugly-cute animals so attractive And what
makes odd-looking creatures so cute
Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Erin Fekete, human attraction
to childish features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation
that helps ensure that adults care for the young, assuring the survival of their species. Odd-looking
animals such as blobfish, pugs, aye-ayes and bulldogs all share these childish qualities that cause a
loving response among humans and a nature to raise and protect. And these childish
characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness” to care for the
individual and reduce the “possibility of aggression towards a child”, says Cyril Drouet, a
researcher.
Ugly-cute animals often have other value— some, like the blobfish, live in extreme
environments that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these
animals to understand whether their biology might provide fresh ideas that could lead to
treatments for human health conditions such as cancer and heart disease.
But while many ugly creatures are strongly adapted to their life in the wild and can provide
numerous benefits to the ecosystems they live in, they often still don’t get as much attention as
more traditionally cute and beautiful animals, which leads to many of the ugly-cute species being
ignored in terms of research.
There are other culture-led factors that also cause our attraction for ugly-cute animals. “The
ugly-cute thing is very fashionable.” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is
partly caused by social media, with many social
