2025届高考英语能力提升语法讲义学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语能力提升语法讲义学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-09-23 14:27:30 | ||
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能力提升语法 1 时态
一般现在时
I always / usually / often / sometimes / seldom / never get up early.
He gets up early every day / when it’s necessary.
My parents own a restaurant.
The earth goes around the sun.
In the movie, the boy meets a girl and falls in love with her.
现在进行时 is/am/are doing
We’re taking an English lesson now.
I’m living in Shanghai currently. [对比] I live in Beijing.
The price of food is rising dramatically.
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Exercise
Choose the best endings for the sentences.
Fiona is watching television
a) because her favourite film star is on.
b) when she has time.
I do the shopping
a) at the same time every week.
b) today for a friend who's ill.
The company's financial situation is improving
when there is greater demand for its products.
because it now has a new CEO.
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一般过去时 did/used to do
过去发生的（一连串）动作
(Yesterday) I took my English lesson and began to do my homework. Then I finished my homework and went home.
过去习惯性动作
He often visited her at that time. (He used to visit her.)
过去状态
My parents owned a restaurant for 18 years. (My parents used to own a restaurant.)
过去进行时 was/were doing
I was doing homework when he called me.
As we were driving home, it began to rain.
While I was reading a book, he was drawing.
We realised it was snowing more and more heavily.
现在完成时 have/has done
完成，结果（对现在的影响）
I’ve already finished my homework. Now I can go home.
Have you written your homework (yet) - I have not written my homework yet.
I’ve written five essays since I began this course / so far / for(in) the last year.
She has been abroad twice.
I’ve never been to France (before).
现在完成进行时 have/has been -ing
强调动作本身或者持续的时间
I have been learning English for the past week / since 2022.
She has been working on her essay for 3 hours, and has now finished it.
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过去完成时 had done
过去的过去
Before Mozart was born, five of his siblings had already died.
When he called me, I had finished cooking. (I finished cooking and he called me.)
[间接引语] He said, “I met your father.” -> He said he had met my father before.
过去完成进行时 had been doing
强调动作或持续的时间
She had been learning to dance for three years when he met her.
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Exercise
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verbs.
So far, we ______________(learn) one thousand English words.
In my country we _________________(drive) on the right-hand side of the road.
Explorers at that time __________________(believe) that the world was flat.
The accident happened while she __________________(watch) the news on TV.
I ______________________(work) on my essay for the last week, and __________________ (finish) it now.
Last year, I graduated / have graduated / had graduated from university with a degree in computer science. Since then, I work / have been working / worked at a software company. Over the past few months, our team work / has been working / worked tirelessly on a new project.
Yesterday, I ____________ (wake) up early and _____________ (prepare) a delicious breakfast. As I _______________ (eat), I _______________ (receive) a phone call from my friend. She ______________ (want) me to go to a party that evening. I ______________ (accept) the invitation. Then, I ______________ (go) shopping for a new dress. I ______________ (find) the perfect one and ______________ (buy) it. By the time the party ______________ (start), I ______________ (already, get) ready. At the party, I ____________ (meet) many new people and ____________ (have) a great time.
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Will / be going to 表将来
I think it will be very hot there. It won't rain very often there.
The new movie is going to be interesting.
现在进行时表示将来
We're staying in a small hotel tonight. (We have made the arrangements.)
[对比] We're going to buy a car. (We haven't made the arrangements yet.)
Present Simple（一般现在时表示将来）
谈论时间表或日程
The train leaves in 20 minutes.
The meeting only lasts for three days.
When, as soon as, after, before, until, as long as等词引导的从句中（主将从现）
We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
情态动词：may, might, could, may not, might not, couldn’t
You might miss the train if you don’t leave now.
He couldn’t come tomorrow. / He may not come tomorrow.
Future Continuous（将来进行时）
I’ll be working on the report all next week.
What will you be doing this time of tomorrow
Future Perfect Simple（将来完成时）
By the end of the year I will have given the same talk six times.
I’ll have finished the report by next Friday / in a week’s time / in a week.
Future Perfect Continuous（将来完成进行时）
By the end of the month I’ll have been working here for three years.
The Future in the Past（过去的将来）
No one believed he would actually win the game.
[间接引语] She said she would travel to Shanghai the next day.
I was going to leave this morning but they cancelled my flight.
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Exercises
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs.
She said she ____________________ (travel) to London the next month.
She ___________________ (eat) breakfast every morning.
I _________________ (be) interested in languages and _______________ (study) Spanish when I was young.
They ___________________ (watch) a movie at the moment.
We ___________________ (swim) in the pool when it started raining.
He _________________ (finish) his homework before his mother cooked dinner.
By next month, we ___________________ (live) in this city for five years.
They ___________________ (visit) five different countries so far.
I __________________ (watch) a movie tonight with my friends.
Have you ever _________________ (be) abroad
We ______________________ (travel) to London next month.
He _____________________ (read) a book when I called him.
After university, I __________ (find) a job at an international company. I_______ ___________ (work) here for three years. Currently, I _____________ (work) on a new project at my job. My colleagues and I _____________ (meet) every week to discuss our progress. In my free time, I _____________ (pursue) my passion for photography. Last month, I _______________ (join) a local photography club.
I _____________ (volunteer) at a local charity organization on weekends. I ________________ (assist) in organizing five different events in the past month.
Please write about your favourite movie in at least 10 sentences.
请包含以下信息：电影的名字，类型; 第一次观看的时间，地点，和谁一起; 当时怎么知道这部电影的（别人推荐/网络/其他途径）; 看过几次这部电影; 简单描述剧情
能力提升语法 2 情态动词
能力 can (could), be able to
现在：
I can speak English. I can’t speak English.
I am able to swim. He isn’t able to swim.
过去：
He couldn’t play the piano when he was young but he could play the guitar.
The policeman wasn’t able to find out the truth.
将来：
The students will not be able to pass the exam.
可能性
must = very possible一定，肯定
may, could, might = possible可能
may not, might not = possible not可能不
couldn’t, can’t = impossible 不可能
现在可能性 情态动词+动词原形
He couldn’t be a doctor. = It’s impossible that he is a doctor.
He must work very hard. = It’s very possible that he works very hard.
She might not be studying now. = It’s possible that she is not studying now.
过去可能性 情态动词+have+过去分词
He couldn’t have worked yesterday. = It’s impossible that he worked yesterday.
He must have been a student. = It’s very possible that he was a student.
He couldn’t have been working. = It’s impossible that he was working.
They must have been listening to music this time yesterday. = It’s very possible that they were listening to music this time yesterday.
将来可能性 may/might/could; may not/might not/couldn’t
I may go to Beijing next year.
He may not come here tomorrow. / He could not come here tomorrow.
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Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the the appropriate verbs:
My friend _____________ be sleeping now. She never gets up early.
It _____________ be very cold outside. You probably need a coat.
My friend ____________ ______________ been sleeping at 9 AM yesterday. She never gets up early.
Translate the sentences:
我朋友现在不可能在睡觉。
他们可能不会通过考试。
她昨晚不可能睡觉了。
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请求/许可 may, could, can/may not, could not, can not
May I take a break - Yes, you may.
Could you help me with my homework - Yes, I could.
You can/may/could borrow my book if you return it next week.
建议 should/ought to
You should/ought to study English every day.
He shouldn’t/ought not to be late for school.
义务，必要性
must, have to, need to = necessary
mustn’t = not allowed
not have to/not need to/needn’t = not necessary
现在
You must do your homework.
You have to/need to follow the rules at school.
You mustn’t be late for school.
You don’t need to/don’t have to/needn’t wait for me.
过去
I had to get up early every day. I needed to catch the bus.
I didn’t have to wait for him. I didn’t need to wait for him. (I didn’t wait.)
I needn’t have waited for him. (I waited for him.)
将来
I’ll have to/need to finish my homework tomorrow.
She is not going to need to clean her room.
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Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb and the correct form: can, could, may, might, must, or should.
He’s not answering my calls. He ______________ have left his phone at home.
Please remember the rules. You _______________ talk during the exam.
He was very smart and _______________ speak five different languages.
Students _____________ wear uniforms in this school.
______________ I take a break for a few minutes I’m very tired.
The consultant advised that we ____________ analyze the market trends.
Choose the the appropriate verb:
I didn't need to go / needn't have gone to the station to pick her up, so I finished my essay instead.
Next year I'll have to / I’ll must get a job to pay back all the money I've borrowed from the bank for my university fees.
She couldn’t / might not have stolen the money. I’ll never believe it. She’s such a good and honest person!
Rewrite the following sentences using an appropriate modal verb to express possibility, permission, obligation, or advice.
It is necessary for you to study for the exam.
You must/have to/need to study for the exam.
You are not allowed to smoke in this building.
She has the ability to solve complex problems.
It’s not possible that he was a policeman at that time.
It was necessary for him to get up early every day last year.
It was not necessary for him to go to the station to meet her, so he did not go.
It’s possible that she did not work very hard when she was in high school.
It was not necessary for her to go shopping, but she went shopping anyway.
In 10 years, it’s possible that the climate will change dramatically.
能力提升语法 3 被动语态
被动语态be (根据时态变化) + 过去分词
一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
现在进行时：am being/is being/are being+过去分词
一般过去时：was/were+过去分词
过去进行时：was being/were being+过去分词
现在完成：has been/have been+过去分词
过去完成：had been+过去分词
将来：will be+过去分词
将来完成：will have been+过去分词
情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词
Fresh vegetables are delivered to the restaurants daily.
The house is being painted.
The letter was delivered yesterday.
The road was being repaired last week.
The assignment has been submitted (by the students).
The documents had been signed before the meeting.
The project will be completed next month.
By next year, the book will have been published.
The rules must be followed by all members.
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Exercises
The charity event ______________ (organize) every year.
Five years ago, this movie _________________ (adapt) from a true event.
The new discovery _______________ (announce) on the news now.
The project _______________ (complete) by the end of the year.
My bike ______________ (steal) when I was at the store.
The party ______________ (plan) for months before it finally happened.
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主动&被动语态转换
Active: Many people like animals.
Passive: Animals are liked (by many people).
Active: People should purchase less alcohol.
Passive: Less alcohol should be purchased (by people).
Active: The teacher made me do a lot of homework.
Passive: I was made to do a lot of homework (by the teacher).
Active: I have written him a letter. = I have written a letter to him.
Passive: A letter has been written to him (by me). / He has been written a letter.
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Exercises
Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:
John built a house. Answer: A house was built by John. (build-built-built)
We have finished the project.
They are renovating the old building. (renovate)
The teacher will explain the lesson tomorrow.
The company had hired a new CEO by 2020.
He bought her flowers. = He bought flowers for her. (buy-bought-bought)
She
Flowers
Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice:
The package will be delivered by the postman.
The door was left open by someone. (leave-left-left)
The mistake was made by the accountant.
A letter was written to him by the editor. (write-wrote-written)
Change the active voice sentences to passive voice and vice versa.
Passive: The cake was baked by my mother.
Active:
Active: Millions of people watched the movie.
Passive:
Passive: The problem has been solved by the team.
Active:
Passive: The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
Active:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
The letter ________________________ (send) yesterday.
The car has already _________________________ (repair).
The report _______________________ (finish) by the time the meeting started.
The house _______________________ (clean) by a professional tomorrow.
The contract ____________________ (must, sign) by both parties.
The project __________________ (complete) at the moment and will be finished soon.
能力提升语法 4 简单句结构
简单句（陈述句）五种结构
主谓宾 I like music.
主谓 He walks fast. / He cooks every day.
主系(Linking verb)表 The sky looks blue. / I am a student.
主谓+双宾 I wrote him a letter yesterday. / He sent her a present.
主谓宾+宾语补足语 I find her beautiful. / She wanted me to come home.
动词形式
动词+to do: hope, want, help, ask ...
I hope to pass the exam.
She wants to go home. (宾语)
动词+宾语+to do: want, help, ask, make, ...
She wants me to go home. (宾补)
She helped me do homework. (省略to的不定式)
My teacher made me do homework. (被动：I was made to do homework.)
动词+doing: enjoy, avoid, keep, ...
You should avoid drinking.
动词+介词+doing: think about, focus on, insist on, dream of, ...
I’m thinking about looking for a job.
动词+to do和动词+doing 意思相近的词：like, prefer, continue, start, begin...
动词+to do和动词+doing 意思不同的词：
go on
go on to do: 停下原来的事，继续做下一件事
After university, she went on to get a job.
go on doing (continue doing): 继续做原本的事
I went on studying although it was late.
stop
stop to do: 停下上一件事，去做下一件事
I was lost so I stopped to ask the way.
stop doing: 停止做原本的事
Please stop making so much noise because it annoys people.
remember/forget
remember/forget to do: 记得/忘记要做某事
Please remember to turn off the light before leaving.
I forgot to buy food yesterday.
remember/forget doing: 记得/忘记做了某事
I still remember meeting you ten years ago.
She completely forgot meeting him.
try
try to do (努力，可能不会成功)
I tried to pass the exam but I failed.
try doing (试验)
If the coffee tastes bad, try adding some more sugar.
need
I need to clean my room.
The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.
伴随状语
He walked home, followed by his dog.
She entered the room, singing her favourite song.
They left with the children laughing and playing.
分析以下句子结构：
His dream is to become a doctor.
Seeing is believing.
The figure remained stable.
Tired from work, I fell asleep reading a book last night.
To improve her skills, she practices daily.
I like drinking coffee.
People should purchase less alcohol.
She hopes to travel around the world.
She has a lot of unfinished work to do.
The teacher made me do a lot of homework.
I found the girl sitting next to me crying.
I have written him a letter.
He bought her flowers every week.
能力提升语法5定语+定语从句
定语
Marie Curie was an intelligent woman.
Did you see the book on the table
The barking dog is very noisy.
The broken window was quickly repaired.
I have homework to do today.
找出下列句子中的定语
He was a wonderful singer.
She gave me a book to read.
She bought a house painted white.
A written report is due by the end of the week.
The people responsible for the error have been found.
限定性定语从句
从句对于整个句子的意义是必不可少的; 不使用逗号隔开，由关系代词或关系副词（如 who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why）引导
Students who study hard get good grades.
(Students get good grades. Students study hard. )
The girl whom I met yesterday is a student.
(The girl is a student. I met the girl yesterday.)
This is the city which (that) I have visited many times.
(This is the city. I have visited the city many times.)
The town where I grew up is peaceful. = The town in which I grew up is peaceful.
(The town is very peaceful. I grew up in the town.)
The day on which/when we first met is unforgettable.
(The day is unforgettable. We first met on the day.)
I still don’t know the reason for which/why he is so angry.
(I still don’t the reason. He is so angry for the reason.)
This is the process by which our factory recycles glass.
(This is the process. Our factory recycles glass by the process.)
I like the musician whose songs are wonderful.
(I like the musician. The musician’s songs are wonderful.)
I sat in a restaurant whose walls are painted blue.
(I sat in a restaurant. The restaurant’s walls are painted blue.)
关系代词作为宾语时在从句中可以省略
The book that/which I read was fascinating.= The book I read was fascinating.
(The book was fascinating. I read the book.)
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Exercises
用正确的关系代词/关系副词填空(that, which, who, whom, whose, why, where, when)
This is the reason ________ he decided to quit his job.
The village ________ we spent our childhood has changed a lot.
Yesterday, I saw a movie ____________ was really interesting.
将简单句改写为限定性定语从句
The actor is famous. The actor won an Oscar last year.
The story is true. The story sounds unbelievable.
I miss the city. I lived in the city for five years.
I don’t know the reason. He refused to take an exam for the reason.
The astronaut went to a space station. In the space station, he could study the planet closely.
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非限定性定语从句
提供关于先行词的附加信息，但这些信息对句子的整体意义并非必需;
通常用逗号与句子的其余部分隔开; That通常不用于非限定性定语从句
Paris, which is the capital of France, is known for its beauty.
My sister, who lives in London, is a teacher.
My birthday, when all my friends gather, is my favorite day of the year.
(All my friends gather on my birthday.)
She passed the exam, which made us all happy.
I miss my grandma, to whom I used to be very close.
(I miss my grandma. I used to be very close to my grandma.)
[对比] The movie (that/which) we watched last night, which explored the depths of the ocean, was fascinating.
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Exercises
将简单句改写为非限定性定语从句
Mr. Johnson will join our meeting. Mr. Johnson is the CEO of the company.
We visited Rome last summer. Rome is the capital of Italy.
用关系代词/副词填空(which, who, whom, whose, why, where, when)
He won the first prize in the competition, ____________ was held last month.
The students, ___________ were taught by Mrs. Smith, passed the exam.
Our new teacher, ____________ we met yesterday, is very experienced.
The town’s only library, ____________ I spend most of my time, has a vast collection of books.
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Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The book __________ you gave me was very interesting.
This is the reason __________ he decided to leave his job.
The village in __________ we spent our childhood has changed a lot.
He mentioned his professor, __________ advice was really helpful.
This song, to ____________ we listened last night, is still stuck in my head.
Last weekend, I visited a town ___________ is known for its historical significance. I met a guide ___________ was very knowledgeable. He showed me the church _____________ was built in the 16th century. Near the church, I saw a small café, ____________ walls are decorated with paintings.
This scientist, ___________ dedicated her career to research and _____________ work has inspired many scientists, was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Combine two sentences into one.
The house is very old. They live in the house.
We visited a factory. It produces solar panels.
She admires the author. His novels have inspired her a lot.
The first concert of the band was a huge success. The concert was attended by thousands of fans.
She likes the central park very much. There are a lot of trees in the park.
能力提升语法 6 名词性从句
主语
Marie Curie was a scientist.
Everyone looks happy.
To understand English grammar requires hard work.
When I was young, swimming was my favorite sport.
主语从句
由连接词如that, whether, if, what, who, how, when, where, why等引导
Whether/If we will go on a trip this summer is not decided yet.
What he said made me happy.
Whom I met yesterday is my brother.
When he was born is still unclear.
Why he was not happy is very hard to understand.
How he made so much money was a mystery.
That he knows so much about it is so amazing. [对比] It is amazing that he knows so much about it.
宾语
Marie Curie studied physics and chemistry.
I enjoy dancing. / They want to start a new project.
I found her very clever. / My parents don’t let me stay up late.
I bought him a book. / He sent me a present.
宾语从句
常由that, whether, if以及疑问词如what, who, when, where, how, why等引导
She doesn't know if/whether he will come.
We will never know why he left us.
I don’t know what he likes.
I wonder who called us yesterday.
He said (that) the team had won the game.
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Exercises
I can’t understand ____________ he made such a decision.
I like this song but I don’t know_____________ you will like it.
____________ caused the accident is still unknown.
____________ the earth goes around the sun is a well-known fact.
He asked me _______________ my favorite book was.
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表语
He is a doctor.
The sky looks blue.
He seems happy.
The keys are on the table.
My goal is to finish the marathon.
His hobby is gardening.
表语从句
通常由that引导，有时也可以使用疑问词，如what, who, whether/if, when, where, how, why
That is why I don’t like his book.
Her main concern is whether the project will be completed on time.
The question remains how we can improve our efficiency.
同位语
My friend Steve is a great musician.
The novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" is a classic.
His hobby, collecting stamps, is quite interesting.
She is J.K. Rowling, the famous writer.
同位语从句
补充或解释紧邻的名词,紧跟在一个名词之后，通常由"that"引导。
The idea that the world is flat is now considered absurd.
We heard the news that there had been an accident.
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Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The problem is ___________ we don’t have enough data.
The debate is __________ we can change things effectively.
The news ___________ our team has won the game is exciting.
The issue is _________ they can deliver the products by Friday.
The belief _________ hard work always pays off is widely accepted.
Please write about a person in at least 8 sentences.
要求：至少用两个定语从句，两个名词性从句
能力提升语法 7状语从句+虚拟语气
条件状语从句
if
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
unless (if not)
He won’t listen unless you shout at him.
as long as (充分条件或保证)
You can borrow my car as long as you return it tomorrow.
时间状语从句
when
I was reading a book when the phone rang.
while
He was listening to music while she was doing her homework.
[其他] While I like him, I don’t trust him.
before
He had finished his work before I came home.
You must finish your homework before you can play games.
after
He went to bed after he had watched TV.
as soon as
He called me as soon as he arrived.
until
He waited until she came back.
since
He has lived here since he was born.
as
As he was walking, he saw a bird.
地点状语从句
地点或地点关系 where, wherever, anywhere
I will follow you wherever/anywhere you go.
He lives where there is a lake.
I will go where I can study alone. [对比] I’ll go to a place where I can study alone.
原因状语从句
because, as, since
She was late because she missed the bus.
Since you are here, you might as well stay.
As I enjoyed listening to music, I majored in music in college.
目的状语从句
so that, in order that
I got up early in order that/so that I could catch the bus.
结果状语从句
so that, so…that, such…that
She got up early, so that she caught the bus.
He was so tired that he fell asleep on the sofa.
He walked so fast that he arrived early.
It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, no matter
Though he is rich, he is not happy.
Although he didn’t study very hard, he passed the exam.
She loves him even if he doesn’t love her.
Even though he didn’t sing very well, he became a singer.
No matter how hard you try, you could/might fail.
方式状语从句
as, as if, as though
Do as I tell you.
He screamed as though he was crazy.
He talks as if he knew everything.
比较状语从句
than, as…as, more…than, less…than
He is taller than I am.
She is more beautiful than her sister (is).
He is as tall as me/I am.
He is not as tall as me/I am. = He’s shorter than me/I am.
He is less hard-working than me/I am.
She is as beautiful as a rose (is).
虚拟语气
动作或状态不是事实或不可能发生，可表达愿望、建议、假设、推测；
主句的动作或状态发生在现在或将来，且不太可能发生：从句用一般过去时（was->were），主句要用would/could/might/should +动词原形
If I were you, I would study harder.
If he had more money, he could buy a bigger house.
If I sang better, I might become a rockstar.
If she was/were smarter, she should earn more money.
如果从句和主句的动作或状态发生在过去，且不可能或没有发生：从句用过去完成时，主句要用would/could/might/should + have +过去分词
If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
If he had not been sick, he might have joined us.
If she had gone to university, she could have made more money.
If he had tried harder, he shouldn’t have lost the game.
虚拟语气还可以用在一些特殊词组中，如wish, if only
I wish I were taller. /I wish I had more money.
He wish he had studied harder.
I wish all your dreams would come true.
If only I were rich.
If only he had listened to me.
If only she would come back.
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Exercises
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
He would have passed the test if he __________ (study) harder.
She wishes she __________ (have) more free time.
I wish I __________ (know) the answer now.
I wish you __________ (come) to the party with us that day. It was so amazing!
If I ____________ (have) more time then, I _____________ (read) every classic novel ever written.
Translate the sentences.
假如我擅长数学，我将会成为科学家
假如她喜欢音乐，我明天就可以和她一起去音乐会
假如她去年没有去上海，我本不会遇到她
我希望我十年前上大学了
如果她很有钱就好了
假如我当时(then)更聪明一些，我就会通过那次考试了
假如我去年有这本书，我就会了解(learn)更多文学(literature)知识
Fill in the blanks.
Please tell me ______________ you have been. I couldn’t find you anywhere.
We have to wait _________________ the bus arrives.
She was having breakfast _________________ her husband was reading the newspaper.
We need a plan ____________________ can help us solve this problem.
He studied very hard, ____________________ he achieved good grades.
It suddenly started raining ____________________ I was working.
Please tell me ____________________ your friend will come to the party.
He was very happy _______________ he heard the news ____________ he won an award.
Please tell me ______________ type of music you like.
He had waited at the train station for an hour __________________ he finally saw her.
__________ he arrived, the party had already started.
I'll call you as soon as I __________(get) home.
__________ it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.
She always sings in the shower __________ she's in a good mood.
We can go for a walk __________ the weather improves.
一般现在时
I always / usually / often / sometimes / seldom / never get up early.
He gets up early every day / when it’s necessary.
My parents own a restaurant.
The earth goes around the sun.
In the movie, the boy meets a girl and falls in love with her.
现在进行时 is/am/are doing
We’re taking an English lesson now.
I’m living in Shanghai currently. [对比] I live in Beijing.
The price of food is rising dramatically.
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Exercise
Choose the best endings for the sentences.
Fiona is watching television
a) because her favourite film star is on.
b) when she has time.
I do the shopping
a) at the same time every week.
b) today for a friend who's ill.
The company's financial situation is improving
when there is greater demand for its products.
because it now has a new CEO.
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一般过去时 did/used to do
过去发生的（一连串）动作
(Yesterday) I took my English lesson and began to do my homework. Then I finished my homework and went home.
过去习惯性动作
He often visited her at that time. (He used to visit her.)
过去状态
My parents owned a restaurant for 18 years. (My parents used to own a restaurant.)
过去进行时 was/were doing
I was doing homework when he called me.
As we were driving home, it began to rain.
While I was reading a book, he was drawing.
We realised it was snowing more and more heavily.
现在完成时 have/has done
完成，结果（对现在的影响）
I’ve already finished my homework. Now I can go home.
Have you written your homework (yet) - I have not written my homework yet.
I’ve written five essays since I began this course / so far / for(in) the last year.
She has been abroad twice.
I’ve never been to France (before).
现在完成进行时 have/has been -ing
强调动作本身或者持续的时间
I have been learning English for the past week / since 2022.
She has been working on her essay for 3 hours, and has now finished it.
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过去完成时 had done
过去的过去
Before Mozart was born, five of his siblings had already died.
When he called me, I had finished cooking. (I finished cooking and he called me.)
[间接引语] He said, “I met your father.” -> He said he had met my father before.
过去完成进行时 had been doing
强调动作或持续的时间
She had been learning to dance for three years when he met her.
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Exercise
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verbs.
So far, we ______________(learn) one thousand English words.
In my country we _________________(drive) on the right-hand side of the road.
Explorers at that time __________________(believe) that the world was flat.
The accident happened while she __________________(watch) the news on TV.
I ______________________(work) on my essay for the last week, and __________________ (finish) it now.
Last year, I graduated / have graduated / had graduated from university with a degree in computer science. Since then, I work / have been working / worked at a software company. Over the past few months, our team work / has been working / worked tirelessly on a new project.
Yesterday, I ____________ (wake) up early and _____________ (prepare) a delicious breakfast. As I _______________ (eat), I _______________ (receive) a phone call from my friend. She ______________ (want) me to go to a party that evening. I ______________ (accept) the invitation. Then, I ______________ (go) shopping for a new dress. I ______________ (find) the perfect one and ______________ (buy) it. By the time the party ______________ (start), I ______________ (already, get) ready. At the party, I ____________ (meet) many new people and ____________ (have) a great time.
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Will / be going to 表将来
I think it will be very hot there. It won't rain very often there.
The new movie is going to be interesting.
现在进行时表示将来
We're staying in a small hotel tonight. (We have made the arrangements.)
[对比] We're going to buy a car. (We haven't made the arrangements yet.)
Present Simple（一般现在时表示将来）
谈论时间表或日程
The train leaves in 20 minutes.
The meeting only lasts for three days.
When, as soon as, after, before, until, as long as等词引导的从句中（主将从现）
We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
情态动词：may, might, could, may not, might not, couldn’t
You might miss the train if you don’t leave now.
He couldn’t come tomorrow. / He may not come tomorrow.
Future Continuous（将来进行时）
I’ll be working on the report all next week.
What will you be doing this time of tomorrow
Future Perfect Simple（将来完成时）
By the end of the year I will have given the same talk six times.
I’ll have finished the report by next Friday / in a week’s time / in a week.
Future Perfect Continuous（将来完成进行时）
By the end of the month I’ll have been working here for three years.
The Future in the Past（过去的将来）
No one believed he would actually win the game.
[间接引语] She said she would travel to Shanghai the next day.
I was going to leave this morning but they cancelled my flight.
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Exercises
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs.
She said she ____________________ (travel) to London the next month.
She ___________________ (eat) breakfast every morning.
I _________________ (be) interested in languages and _______________ (study) Spanish when I was young.
They ___________________ (watch) a movie at the moment.
We ___________________ (swim) in the pool when it started raining.
He _________________ (finish) his homework before his mother cooked dinner.
By next month, we ___________________ (live) in this city for five years.
They ___________________ (visit) five different countries so far.
I __________________ (watch) a movie tonight with my friends.
Have you ever _________________ (be) abroad
We ______________________ (travel) to London next month.
He _____________________ (read) a book when I called him.
After university, I __________ (find) a job at an international company. I_______ ___________ (work) here for three years. Currently, I _____________ (work) on a new project at my job. My colleagues and I _____________ (meet) every week to discuss our progress. In my free time, I _____________ (pursue) my passion for photography. Last month, I _______________ (join) a local photography club.
I _____________ (volunteer) at a local charity organization on weekends. I ________________ (assist) in organizing five different events in the past month.
Please write about your favourite movie in at least 10 sentences.
请包含以下信息：电影的名字，类型; 第一次观看的时间，地点，和谁一起; 当时怎么知道这部电影的（别人推荐/网络/其他途径）; 看过几次这部电影; 简单描述剧情
能力提升语法 2 情态动词
能力 can (could), be able to
现在：
I can speak English. I can’t speak English.
I am able to swim. He isn’t able to swim.
过去：
He couldn’t play the piano when he was young but he could play the guitar.
The policeman wasn’t able to find out the truth.
将来：
The students will not be able to pass the exam.
可能性
must = very possible一定，肯定
may, could, might = possible可能
may not, might not = possible not可能不
couldn’t, can’t = impossible 不可能
现在可能性 情态动词+动词原形
He couldn’t be a doctor. = It’s impossible that he is a doctor.
He must work very hard. = It’s very possible that he works very hard.
She might not be studying now. = It’s possible that she is not studying now.
过去可能性 情态动词+have+过去分词
He couldn’t have worked yesterday. = It’s impossible that he worked yesterday.
He must have been a student. = It’s very possible that he was a student.
He couldn’t have been working. = It’s impossible that he was working.
They must have been listening to music this time yesterday. = It’s very possible that they were listening to music this time yesterday.
将来可能性 may/might/could; may not/might not/couldn’t
I may go to Beijing next year.
He may not come here tomorrow. / He could not come here tomorrow.
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Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the the appropriate verbs:
My friend _____________ be sleeping now. She never gets up early.
It _____________ be very cold outside. You probably need a coat.
My friend ____________ ______________ been sleeping at 9 AM yesterday. She never gets up early.
Translate the sentences:
我朋友现在不可能在睡觉。
他们可能不会通过考试。
她昨晚不可能睡觉了。
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请求/许可 may, could, can/may not, could not, can not
May I take a break - Yes, you may.
Could you help me with my homework - Yes, I could.
You can/may/could borrow my book if you return it next week.
建议 should/ought to
You should/ought to study English every day.
He shouldn’t/ought not to be late for school.
义务，必要性
must, have to, need to = necessary
mustn’t = not allowed
not have to/not need to/needn’t = not necessary
现在
You must do your homework.
You have to/need to follow the rules at school.
You mustn’t be late for school.
You don’t need to/don’t have to/needn’t wait for me.
过去
I had to get up early every day. I needed to catch the bus.
I didn’t have to wait for him. I didn’t need to wait for him. (I didn’t wait.)
I needn’t have waited for him. (I waited for him.)
将来
I’ll have to/need to finish my homework tomorrow.
She is not going to need to clean her room.
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Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb and the correct form: can, could, may, might, must, or should.
He’s not answering my calls. He ______________ have left his phone at home.
Please remember the rules. You _______________ talk during the exam.
He was very smart and _______________ speak five different languages.
Students _____________ wear uniforms in this school.
______________ I take a break for a few minutes I’m very tired.
The consultant advised that we ____________ analyze the market trends.
Choose the the appropriate verb:
I didn't need to go / needn't have gone to the station to pick her up, so I finished my essay instead.
Next year I'll have to / I’ll must get a job to pay back all the money I've borrowed from the bank for my university fees.
She couldn’t / might not have stolen the money. I’ll never believe it. She’s such a good and honest person!
Rewrite the following sentences using an appropriate modal verb to express possibility, permission, obligation, or advice.
It is necessary for you to study for the exam.
You must/have to/need to study for the exam.
You are not allowed to smoke in this building.
She has the ability to solve complex problems.
It’s not possible that he was a policeman at that time.
It was necessary for him to get up early every day last year.
It was not necessary for him to go to the station to meet her, so he did not go.
It’s possible that she did not work very hard when she was in high school.
It was not necessary for her to go shopping, but she went shopping anyway.
In 10 years, it’s possible that the climate will change dramatically.
能力提升语法 3 被动语态
被动语态be (根据时态变化) + 过去分词
一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
现在进行时：am being/is being/are being+过去分词
一般过去时：was/were+过去分词
过去进行时：was being/were being+过去分词
现在完成：has been/have been+过去分词
过去完成：had been+过去分词
将来：will be+过去分词
将来完成：will have been+过去分词
情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词
Fresh vegetables are delivered to the restaurants daily.
The house is being painted.
The letter was delivered yesterday.
The road was being repaired last week.
The assignment has been submitted (by the students).
The documents had been signed before the meeting.
The project will be completed next month.
By next year, the book will have been published.
The rules must be followed by all members.
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Exercises
The charity event ______________ (organize) every year.
Five years ago, this movie _________________ (adapt) from a true event.
The new discovery _______________ (announce) on the news now.
The project _______________ (complete) by the end of the year.
My bike ______________ (steal) when I was at the store.
The party ______________ (plan) for months before it finally happened.
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主动&被动语态转换
Active: Many people like animals.
Passive: Animals are liked (by many people).
Active: People should purchase less alcohol.
Passive: Less alcohol should be purchased (by people).
Active: The teacher made me do a lot of homework.
Passive: I was made to do a lot of homework (by the teacher).
Active: I have written him a letter. = I have written a letter to him.
Passive: A letter has been written to him (by me). / He has been written a letter.
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Exercises
Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:
John built a house. Answer: A house was built by John. (build-built-built)
We have finished the project.
They are renovating the old building. (renovate)
The teacher will explain the lesson tomorrow.
The company had hired a new CEO by 2020.
He bought her flowers. = He bought flowers for her. (buy-bought-bought)
She
Flowers
Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice:
The package will be delivered by the postman.
The door was left open by someone. (leave-left-left)
The mistake was made by the accountant.
A letter was written to him by the editor. (write-wrote-written)
Change the active voice sentences to passive voice and vice versa.
Passive: The cake was baked by my mother.
Active:
Active: Millions of people watched the movie.
Passive:
Passive: The problem has been solved by the team.
Active:
Passive: The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
Active:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
The letter ________________________ (send) yesterday.
The car has already _________________________ (repair).
The report _______________________ (finish) by the time the meeting started.
The house _______________________ (clean) by a professional tomorrow.
The contract ____________________ (must, sign) by both parties.
The project __________________ (complete) at the moment and will be finished soon.
能力提升语法 4 简单句结构
简单句（陈述句）五种结构
主谓宾 I like music.
主谓 He walks fast. / He cooks every day.
主系(Linking verb)表 The sky looks blue. / I am a student.
主谓+双宾 I wrote him a letter yesterday. / He sent her a present.
主谓宾+宾语补足语 I find her beautiful. / She wanted me to come home.
动词形式
动词+to do: hope, want, help, ask ...
I hope to pass the exam.
She wants to go home. (宾语)
动词+宾语+to do: want, help, ask, make, ...
She wants me to go home. (宾补)
She helped me do homework. (省略to的不定式)
My teacher made me do homework. (被动：I was made to do homework.)
动词+doing: enjoy, avoid, keep, ...
You should avoid drinking.
动词+介词+doing: think about, focus on, insist on, dream of, ...
I’m thinking about looking for a job.
动词+to do和动词+doing 意思相近的词：like, prefer, continue, start, begin...
动词+to do和动词+doing 意思不同的词：
go on
go on to do: 停下原来的事，继续做下一件事
After university, she went on to get a job.
go on doing (continue doing): 继续做原本的事
I went on studying although it was late.
stop
stop to do: 停下上一件事，去做下一件事
I was lost so I stopped to ask the way.
stop doing: 停止做原本的事
Please stop making so much noise because it annoys people.
remember/forget
remember/forget to do: 记得/忘记要做某事
Please remember to turn off the light before leaving.
I forgot to buy food yesterday.
remember/forget doing: 记得/忘记做了某事
I still remember meeting you ten years ago.
She completely forgot meeting him.
try
try to do (努力，可能不会成功)
I tried to pass the exam but I failed.
try doing (试验)
If the coffee tastes bad, try adding some more sugar.
need
I need to clean my room.
The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.
伴随状语
He walked home, followed by his dog.
She entered the room, singing her favourite song.
They left with the children laughing and playing.
分析以下句子结构：
His dream is to become a doctor.
Seeing is believing.
The figure remained stable.
Tired from work, I fell asleep reading a book last night.
To improve her skills, she practices daily.
I like drinking coffee.
People should purchase less alcohol.
She hopes to travel around the world.
She has a lot of unfinished work to do.
The teacher made me do a lot of homework.
I found the girl sitting next to me crying.
I have written him a letter.
He bought her flowers every week.
能力提升语法5定语+定语从句
定语
Marie Curie was an intelligent woman.
Did you see the book on the table
The barking dog is very noisy.
The broken window was quickly repaired.
I have homework to do today.
找出下列句子中的定语
He was a wonderful singer.
She gave me a book to read.
She bought a house painted white.
A written report is due by the end of the week.
The people responsible for the error have been found.
限定性定语从句
从句对于整个句子的意义是必不可少的; 不使用逗号隔开，由关系代词或关系副词（如 who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why）引导
Students who study hard get good grades.
(Students get good grades. Students study hard. )
The girl whom I met yesterday is a student.
(The girl is a student. I met the girl yesterday.)
This is the city which (that) I have visited many times.
(This is the city. I have visited the city many times.)
The town where I grew up is peaceful. = The town in which I grew up is peaceful.
(The town is very peaceful. I grew up in the town.)
The day on which/when we first met is unforgettable.
(The day is unforgettable. We first met on the day.)
I still don’t know the reason for which/why he is so angry.
(I still don’t the reason. He is so angry for the reason.)
This is the process by which our factory recycles glass.
(This is the process. Our factory recycles glass by the process.)
I like the musician whose songs are wonderful.
(I like the musician. The musician’s songs are wonderful.)
I sat in a restaurant whose walls are painted blue.
(I sat in a restaurant. The restaurant’s walls are painted blue.)
关系代词作为宾语时在从句中可以省略
The book that/which I read was fascinating.= The book I read was fascinating.
(The book was fascinating. I read the book.)
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Exercises
用正确的关系代词/关系副词填空(that, which, who, whom, whose, why, where, when)
This is the reason ________ he decided to quit his job.
The village ________ we spent our childhood has changed a lot.
Yesterday, I saw a movie ____________ was really interesting.
将简单句改写为限定性定语从句
The actor is famous. The actor won an Oscar last year.
The story is true. The story sounds unbelievable.
I miss the city. I lived in the city for five years.
I don’t know the reason. He refused to take an exam for the reason.
The astronaut went to a space station. In the space station, he could study the planet closely.
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非限定性定语从句
提供关于先行词的附加信息，但这些信息对句子的整体意义并非必需;
通常用逗号与句子的其余部分隔开; That通常不用于非限定性定语从句
Paris, which is the capital of France, is known for its beauty.
My sister, who lives in London, is a teacher.
My birthday, when all my friends gather, is my favorite day of the year.
(All my friends gather on my birthday.)
She passed the exam, which made us all happy.
I miss my grandma, to whom I used to be very close.
(I miss my grandma. I used to be very close to my grandma.)
[对比] The movie (that/which) we watched last night, which explored the depths of the ocean, was fascinating.
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Exercises
将简单句改写为非限定性定语从句
Mr. Johnson will join our meeting. Mr. Johnson is the CEO of the company.
We visited Rome last summer. Rome is the capital of Italy.
用关系代词/副词填空(which, who, whom, whose, why, where, when)
He won the first prize in the competition, ____________ was held last month.
The students, ___________ were taught by Mrs. Smith, passed the exam.
Our new teacher, ____________ we met yesterday, is very experienced.
The town’s only library, ____________ I spend most of my time, has a vast collection of books.
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Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The book __________ you gave me was very interesting.
This is the reason __________ he decided to leave his job.
The village in __________ we spent our childhood has changed a lot.
He mentioned his professor, __________ advice was really helpful.
This song, to ____________ we listened last night, is still stuck in my head.
Last weekend, I visited a town ___________ is known for its historical significance. I met a guide ___________ was very knowledgeable. He showed me the church _____________ was built in the 16th century. Near the church, I saw a small café, ____________ walls are decorated with paintings.
This scientist, ___________ dedicated her career to research and _____________ work has inspired many scientists, was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Combine two sentences into one.
The house is very old. They live in the house.
We visited a factory. It produces solar panels.
She admires the author. His novels have inspired her a lot.
The first concert of the band was a huge success. The concert was attended by thousands of fans.
She likes the central park very much. There are a lot of trees in the park.
能力提升语法 6 名词性从句
主语
Marie Curie was a scientist.
Everyone looks happy.
To understand English grammar requires hard work.
When I was young, swimming was my favorite sport.
主语从句
由连接词如that, whether, if, what, who, how, when, where, why等引导
Whether/If we will go on a trip this summer is not decided yet.
What he said made me happy.
Whom I met yesterday is my brother.
When he was born is still unclear.
Why he was not happy is very hard to understand.
How he made so much money was a mystery.
That he knows so much about it is so amazing. [对比] It is amazing that he knows so much about it.
宾语
Marie Curie studied physics and chemistry.
I enjoy dancing. / They want to start a new project.
I found her very clever. / My parents don’t let me stay up late.
I bought him a book. / He sent me a present.
宾语从句
常由that, whether, if以及疑问词如what, who, when, where, how, why等引导
She doesn't know if/whether he will come.
We will never know why he left us.
I don’t know what he likes.
I wonder who called us yesterday.
He said (that) the team had won the game.
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Exercises
I can’t understand ____________ he made such a decision.
I like this song but I don’t know_____________ you will like it.
____________ caused the accident is still unknown.
____________ the earth goes around the sun is a well-known fact.
He asked me _______________ my favorite book was.
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表语
He is a doctor.
The sky looks blue.
He seems happy.
The keys are on the table.
My goal is to finish the marathon.
His hobby is gardening.
表语从句
通常由that引导，有时也可以使用疑问词，如what, who, whether/if, when, where, how, why
That is why I don’t like his book.
Her main concern is whether the project will be completed on time.
The question remains how we can improve our efficiency.
同位语
My friend Steve is a great musician.
The novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" is a classic.
His hobby, collecting stamps, is quite interesting.
She is J.K. Rowling, the famous writer.
同位语从句
补充或解释紧邻的名词,紧跟在一个名词之后，通常由"that"引导。
The idea that the world is flat is now considered absurd.
We heard the news that there had been an accident.
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Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The problem is ___________ we don’t have enough data.
The debate is __________ we can change things effectively.
The news ___________ our team has won the game is exciting.
The issue is _________ they can deliver the products by Friday.
The belief _________ hard work always pays off is widely accepted.
Please write about a person in at least 8 sentences.
要求：至少用两个定语从句，两个名词性从句
能力提升语法 7状语从句+虚拟语气
条件状语从句
if
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
unless (if not)
He won’t listen unless you shout at him.
as long as (充分条件或保证)
You can borrow my car as long as you return it tomorrow.
时间状语从句
when
I was reading a book when the phone rang.
while
He was listening to music while she was doing her homework.
[其他] While I like him, I don’t trust him.
before
He had finished his work before I came home.
You must finish your homework before you can play games.
after
He went to bed after he had watched TV.
as soon as
He called me as soon as he arrived.
until
He waited until she came back.
since
He has lived here since he was born.
as
As he was walking, he saw a bird.
地点状语从句
地点或地点关系 where, wherever, anywhere
I will follow you wherever/anywhere you go.
He lives where there is a lake.
I will go where I can study alone. [对比] I’ll go to a place where I can study alone.
原因状语从句
because, as, since
She was late because she missed the bus.
Since you are here, you might as well stay.
As I enjoyed listening to music, I majored in music in college.
目的状语从句
so that, in order that
I got up early in order that/so that I could catch the bus.
结果状语从句
so that, so…that, such…that
She got up early, so that she caught the bus.
He was so tired that he fell asleep on the sofa.
He walked so fast that he arrived early.
It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, no matter
Though he is rich, he is not happy.
Although he didn’t study very hard, he passed the exam.
She loves him even if he doesn’t love her.
Even though he didn’t sing very well, he became a singer.
No matter how hard you try, you could/might fail.
方式状语从句
as, as if, as though
Do as I tell you.
He screamed as though he was crazy.
He talks as if he knew everything.
比较状语从句
than, as…as, more…than, less…than
He is taller than I am.
She is more beautiful than her sister (is).
He is as tall as me/I am.
He is not as tall as me/I am. = He’s shorter than me/I am.
He is less hard-working than me/I am.
She is as beautiful as a rose (is).
虚拟语气
动作或状态不是事实或不可能发生，可表达愿望、建议、假设、推测；
主句的动作或状态发生在现在或将来，且不太可能发生：从句用一般过去时（was->were），主句要用would/could/might/should +动词原形
If I were you, I would study harder.
If he had more money, he could buy a bigger house.
If I sang better, I might become a rockstar.
If she was/were smarter, she should earn more money.
如果从句和主句的动作或状态发生在过去，且不可能或没有发生：从句用过去完成时，主句要用would/could/might/should + have +过去分词
If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
If he had not been sick, he might have joined us.
If she had gone to university, she could have made more money.
If he had tried harder, he shouldn’t have lost the game.
虚拟语气还可以用在一些特殊词组中，如wish, if only
I wish I were taller. /I wish I had more money.
He wish he had studied harder.
I wish all your dreams would come true.
If only I were rich.
If only he had listened to me.
If only she would come back.
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Exercises
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
He would have passed the test if he __________ (study) harder.
She wishes she __________ (have) more free time.
I wish I __________ (know) the answer now.
I wish you __________ (come) to the party with us that day. It was so amazing!
If I ____________ (have) more time then, I _____________ (read) every classic novel ever written.
Translate the sentences.
假如我擅长数学，我将会成为科学家
假如她喜欢音乐，我明天就可以和她一起去音乐会
假如她去年没有去上海，我本不会遇到她
我希望我十年前上大学了
如果她很有钱就好了
假如我当时(then)更聪明一些，我就会通过那次考试了
假如我去年有这本书，我就会了解(learn)更多文学(literature)知识
Fill in the blanks.
Please tell me ______________ you have been. I couldn’t find you anywhere.
We have to wait _________________ the bus arrives.
She was having breakfast _________________ her husband was reading the newspaper.
We need a plan ____________________ can help us solve this problem.
He studied very hard, ____________________ he achieved good grades.
It suddenly started raining ____________________ I was working.
Please tell me ____________________ your friend will come to the party.
He was very happy _______________ he heard the news ____________ he won an award.
Please tell me ______________ type of music you like.
He had waited at the train station for an hour __________________ he finally saw her.
__________ he arrived, the party had already started.
I'll call you as soon as I __________(get) home.
__________ it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.
She always sings in the shower __________ she's in a good mood.
We can go for a walk __________ the weather improves.