Section Ⅰ Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．forever adv.永远
2．click v．点击(鼠标)
3．maintain v．保持，维持
4．digital adj.数字的，数码的
5．site n．网站
6．update n．最新消息
7．saying n．格言，谚语，警句
8．goods n．商品
9．teenager n．青少年，十几岁的孩子(13到19岁之间的孩子)
10．pour v．灌，注，倒
11．pack n．小盒，小包
12．quality n．素质，品德
13．postpone v．使(事件、行动等)延期，推迟
14．ordinary adj.普通的，平常的
15．drag v．拖，拉
16．partner n．伙伴，搭档
17．strike v．划(火柴)
18．plain adj.简单的，朴素的
19．scene n．场景
20．atmosphere n．气氛，氛围，环境
21．lose track of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态
22．thanks to 归功于……，多亏……
23．social media 社交媒体
24．throw the baby out with the bathwater 不分良莠一起抛弃
25．make one’s fortune发财
26．ought to 应该，应当
27．turn up(意外地或终于)出现
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．familiar adj.熟悉的→unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的
2．adventure n．历险(经历)，奇遇→misadventure n．事故，灾难→adventurous adj.爱冒险的；充满危险的
3．prefer v．更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；优先权
4．deliver v．递送，传送→delivery n．传递，递送
5．advance n．进步，进展 v．前进；发展→advanced adj.先进的；高级的→advancement n．发展；前进；推动
6．significantly adv.重大地，显著地→significant adj.重大的，显著的→significance n．意义；重要性
7．enable v．使可能，使发生→able adj.能干的；有能力的→ability n．能力→disable vt.使不能；使残疾→disability n．残疾；缺陷→unable adj.不能的；没有能力的
8．unusual adj.异常的，不平常的→usual adj.寻常的→usually adv.通常
9．tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事→tendency n．趋势；趋向
10．criminal n．罪犯→crime n．罪行；罪
11．acquire v．获得，得到→acquisition n．获得，习得→acquired adj.已得到的
12．prove v．证明，证实→proof n．证明；证据
13．illustrate v．(举例)说明，阐明→illustration n．说明；例证；图解→illustrator n．(书等的)插图画家
14．inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→inspire vt.鼓舞，激励；启发思考→inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的→inspiration n．鼓舞；灵感；启发
15．comfort n．/v.安慰，慰藉→comfortable adj.舒适的，舒服的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的→comfortably adv.舒适地，舒服地
16．patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.耐心地→impatiently adv.不耐烦地
17．passion n．强烈的情感，激情→passionate adj.热诚的；狂热的
18．generosity n．慷慨，大方→generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generously adv.慷慨地，大方地
19．humour n．幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的
20．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地→anxiety n．焦虑，不安
21．distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的；心不在焉的
22．fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
23．correspond v．通信→corresponding adj.相应的；符合的→correspondence n．通信；来往信件
24．appointed adj.约定的，指定的→appoint v．约定；任命→appointment n．约会；任命
25．bitterly adv.痛苦地，愤恨地→bitter adj.苦的；愤愤不平的→bitterness n．愤恨；苦味
26．ashamed adj.感到不好意思的，难为情的→shame n．羞耻，羞愧；憾事→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的
27．unfold v．(卷着的东西)展开，打开→fold v．折叠；合拢
28．location n．地点，位置→locate v．把……安置在；确定……的位置→located adj.位于；坐落在
29．surroundings n．周围的事物，环境→surround vt.包围；围绕→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的
30．personality n．个性，性格→personal adj.个人的；私人的→person n．人；个人
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．When dining in a restaurant，I usually ask to connect its wi-fi. v．进餐 n．无线网络，无线上网
2．Bathed in the comfortable bathwater，the chap lit a cigar leisurely.n.浴水，洗澡水 n．小伙子，家伙 n．雪茄烟
3．You can reduce long explanations to simple charts or diagrams.n.图解，示意图
4．Pour five grams of oil into the pot and drop the slices into the oil and fry until golden brown.n.克 n．锅 n．片，薄片
5．The accident left a scar on my chum’s cheek.n.伤疤 n．好朋友
6．The prince’s destiny was predetermined from the moment of his birth.n.命运，天命
7．I together with my staunch friend hustle a whole year to promote our proposition.adj.坚定的，忠实可靠的
v．拼命干，努力干
n．事业，生意
8．I’ve seen a short excerpt from the film on television.n.摘录，节录
familiar adj.熟悉的；常见到的(unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的)
(sb) be/get familiar with (sth)(某人)熟悉(某物/某事)
(sth) be familiar to (sb)(某物/某事)为(某人)所熟悉
(1)The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
→Everyone who lives near a bakery is familiar with the smell.
(2)None of us has ever been there，so the local customs are unfamiliar(familiar) to me and my partners.
[写作佳句]
(3)我相信这些书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。
I believe these books will not only make you more familiar with China but help improve your Chinese.
prefer v．(preferred；preferred；preferring)更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(preference n．偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物)
prefer to do/doing...更喜欢做……
prefer sb to do...更喜欢让某人做……
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不愿做B
show/have (a) preference for...偏爱……
注意：表达“宁可做……而不愿做……”还可以用以下结构：
would do...rather than do...
would rather do...than do...
(1)The girl has a preference(prefer) for sports and she wishes to be an athlete.
(2)After graduation，he prefers to work/working(work) in a village school as a volunteer while his parents prefer him to work(work) as a lawyer.
[写作佳句]
(3)如今，越来越多的人更喜欢网上购物，而不是去逛实体店。
Nowadays，more and more people prefer shopping online to visiting a physical store.
→Nowadays，more and more people prefer to shop online rather than visit a physical store.
→Nowadays，more and more people would rather shop online than visit a physical store.
advance v．促进；前进；提前；提出(想法、理论、计划等) n．前进；进步(advanced adj.先进的；高级的；高深的advancement n．发展；前进；推动)
advance on/towards sb/sth向某人/某物前进
in advance预先；事先
in advance of(时间上)提前于……
make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步
(1)Despite the heavy rain，they managed to get there in advance.
(2)With night approaching，they advanced on/towards their destination.
(3)Obviously，our nation has made great advances(advance) in science in the last fifty years.
[写作佳句]
(4)任何想要参加高级文学课程的人必须提前报名。
Anyone who wants to take the advanced literature course must sign up for it in advance.
(5)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)在我的鼓励下，大卫站了起来，向起跑线走去。
With my encouragement，David stood up and advanced on/towards the starting line.
tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事；照看(tendency n．倾向；趋势)
tend (to)．..照料，护理……
tend to do sth易于做某事；倾向于做某事
have a tendency to do sth喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事
there is a tendency (for sb/sth) to do sth(某人/某物)有做某事的趋势
(1)There’s an increasing tendency(tend) for people to work at home rather than in the office.
(2)Typically，the famous athlete tends to talk(talk) fast when she is nervous.
→Typically，the famous athlete has a tendency to talk fast when she is nervous.
[写作佳句]
(3)我写信是为了向你表示衷心的感谢，感谢你在我住院时细心照顾我。
I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to you who tended (to) me carefully when I was in hospital.
patience n．耐心，耐性(patient adj.有耐心的，能忍耐的 n．病人patiently adv.耐心地impatiently adv.不耐烦地)
with patience＝patiently耐心地
have/lose patience with对……有/失去耐心
be patient with对……有耐心
(1)Finally he lost his patience(patient) and started to shout at his partner.
(2)Realizing my negative mood，my head teacher talked with me patiently(patient) about it.
(3)As a nurse，you should be patient with your patients(patient) all the time，however old they are.
[写作佳句]
(4)无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。
Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher always pointed them out with patience/patiently.
anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的(anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地 anxiety n．焦虑，不安)
be anxious about sth/for sb为某事/某人担心
be anxious to do sth渴望做某事
with anxiety＝anxiously担心地
(1)He closed his eyes and lay still，trying to get rid of the inner anxiety(anxious)．
(2)Obviously，people who are under pressure tend to be anxious about their work and life.
(3)I’m indeed anxious to get(get) the precious opportunity and looking forward to your early reply.
[写作佳句]
(4)他正焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。
He is waiting for the results with anxiety/anxiously as if he were on pins and needles.
distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离，间距；远处；遥远；疏远(distant adj.遥远的；冷漠的)
distance oneself from使自己远离……；与……疏远
in the distance在远处，在远方
at a distance (of)在远处；在……远的地方；隔一段距离
within walking distance 在步行距离内
keep sb at a distance对某人冷淡，与某人疏远
a distant voice/look冷漠的声音/表情
(1)The boy who is standing in the distance has a talent for writing.
(2)He answered my question in a very distant(distance) voice，which made me upset.
(3)He who always distances himself from others is difficult to get along with.
[写作佳句]
(4)了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。
Learning that other students always keep you at a distance/distance themselves from you，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
(5)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从这家酒店步行就能到那儿。
You can also visit the city museum，which is just within walking distance of the hotel.
fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱，巨款；命运(fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunate adj.不幸的 unfortunately adv.不幸地)
try/seek one’s fortune找出路；碰运气
make a/one’s fortune 发财
have the good fortune to do sth有幸做某事
be fortunate to do/in doing sth有幸做某事
(1)Curious about the outside world，he once set off for New Orleans to make a fortune.
(2)There was a robbery at her apartment yesterday，but fortunately(fortunate) no one got hurt.
[写作佳句]
(3)我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。
①I am fortunate to get/in getting a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortunate)
②I have the good fortune to get a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortune)
appointed adj.约定的，指定的(appoint vt.任命；委派；约定 appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任)
appoint sb (as)．..任命某人(为)……
appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事
make/have an appointment with sb与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment守约/违约
(1)I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Nanjing with you at the appointed(appoint) time.
(2)Good morning，I’d like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
(3)Intelligent and capable，the lawyer is often appointed to take(take) on some challenging tasks.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为学生会主席，我写信表示祝贺。
Learning you’ve been appointed (as) chairman of the student council，I’m writing to show my congratulations.
strike v．(struck，struck/stricken)划(火柴)；侵袭；袭击；打，击中；打动，吸引；突然想起；(时钟)敲响；罢工 n．罢工
sth strikes sb某人突然想到……
It strikes sb that...某人突然想到……
be struck by/with...被……打动；迷恋……
strike sb in/on＋the＋身体部位 击打某人某部位
be on/go on strike在/举行罢工
(1)Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.
(2)I was deeply struck by/with his inspiring speech and decided to focus on my study from now on.
[写作佳句]
(3)我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的暑假开始一次冒险之旅。
A good idea struck me that we could start a trip of adventure in the coming summer holiday.
→It struck me that we could start a trip of adventure in the coming summer holiday.(it作形式主语)
ashamed adj.感到不好意思的，难为情的(shame n．羞耻；羞愧；憾事 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的 shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的)
feel/be ashamed of为……感到羞愧
be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧
It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。
to one’s shame令某人感到羞耻的是
(1)Only those who have no sense of shame can do such shameful/shameless things.(shame)
(2)We ordinary people are often ashamed of our shortcomings，mistakes，or failures.
(3)I am ashamed to admit(admit) that I’ve never read any of his inspiring stories.
[写作佳句]
(4)我没能如期参加你的婚礼真是令人遗憾。
It was a shame that I failed to attend your wedding on schedule.
surroundings n．周围的事物，环境(surround vt.包围；围绕；环绕 surrounding adj.周围的)
surround...with...用……围住……
be surrounded by/with...被……围着/包围
(1)To our delight，my father surrounded our house and garden with a fence.
(2)As soon as the criminal got off the train，he was surrounded by a group of policemen.
(3)Would you please offer me some advice on how to get used to the unfamiliar surroundings(surround)
[写作佳句]
(4)绿树掩映，这座农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。
Surrounded by/with green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
turn up出现，露面；卷起，竖起；调高
turn down拒绝；调低
turn out结果是；生产；制造
turn to求助；翻到；查阅
turn in上交
turn on打开
turn off关上
turn over打翻；移交
(1)用turn短语的正确形式填空
①You needn’t have turned off the radio；just turning the volume down is OK.
②If you have any questions，don’t hesitate to turn to me for advice.
③My patient broke an appointment and didn’t turn up at the appointed time.
④The cat jumped onto the table，turned over the cage and tried to catch the bird.
[写作佳句]
(2)很抱歉拒绝了邀请，但今晚我真的有一个重要的演讲要发表。
I’m sorry to turn down the invitation，but I really have an important speech to deliver tonight.
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.一词多义
A．递送 B．生(小孩儿)；接生 C．发表(演说等)
1．The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy. B
2．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)The son of a grocer，he’d spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville，New Jersey. A
3．(2021·天津6月)Good evening，everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment，but let me introduce him first. C
A．v.侵袭 B．v.击；打 C．v.报时 D．v.打动 E．v.突然想到 F．n.罢工
4．The workers went on strike for a pay rise. F
5．I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. C
6．I was struck by his inspiring words，and I decided to cooperate with him. D
7．It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head. B
8．It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. E
9．When a disaster strikes，you might find yourself without water，gas and electricity. A
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．He tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾
2．The burning of fossil fuels results in the pollution of the atmosphere.大气(层)；空气
3．The first part of the movie really dragged and audience gradually lost interest.进行很慢
4．The fans poured out of the stadium cheering wildly，which was a splendid scene.不断涌向
训练1 Vocabulary [分值：72.5分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．As the saying goes，strike while the iron is hot.
2．To be honest，you’ll make a fortune out of the investment.
3．I’d appreciate it if you let me know whether you are free in advance.
4．Our headmaster delivered a speech，expressing his best wishes for the New Year.
5．That teenager preferred to stay at home alone rather than dine with his parents outside.
6．To our regret，the sports meeting had to be postponed(推迟) because of the bad weather.
7．He is too busy and doesn’t have patience(耐心) with newcomers，making them nervous.
8．How many of you have ever considered quitting your jobs to pursue your passions
9．After he got familiar with the traditional Chinese festivals，he determined to settle in China.
10．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．It was unusual that the man refused to deliver the goods to the village.
2．He is popular with us because of his generosity(generous) and kindness.
3．He is an interesting person whose speech is always very humorous(humor)．
4．The quality of the goods does not correspond with/to what they have promised.
5．Thanks to advances in technology，more and more tasks can be finished by robots.
6．Her outgoing personality(person) brings her a lot of friends who brighten up her life.
7．Unfortunately(fortunately)，many people around the world are still struggling against hunger.
8．The adventurous(adventure) businessman didn’t want to miss the opportunity to make a fortune.
9.Click on the site，and it will help you to find relatives you lost track of.
10．Last weekend our school organized a fruit-picking activity，which enabled us to experience(experience) the life in the countryside.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
In her new book，Kate Leaver explores modern friendship.If the Internet is the cause of loneliness，she writes，it’s also the cure(解决方法)．
Scientists have done studies that suggest a connection between social media and loneliness.But even they have to admit(承认) we do not know what came first: loneliness or social media.Does social media make us lonelier，or do we pick up our phones when we’re already lonely，looking for some kind of connection
I’ve spoken to many people，both my own friends and strangers from the Internet，who would simply not have the same social life without social media.I know a woman who met all three of her bridesmaids(伴娘) on the social media platform.She says she feels her most real self when she’s online and the friends she’s made there are her closest friends.I met the woman on the social media platform，did this interview online and now we’re also friends.
This is perhaps exactly the point: we can no longer quite so easily tell our online selves from what we’d call our in-real-life selves.We are becoming confident enough to put our online and offline selves together as we realise that using social media is an important way to develop friendships.
My best friends in the world live in Melbourne，New York，Los Angeles and New Orleans.I am，at any time，at least 5,000 km away from them.Catch-ups(谈论近况) over dinner are not possible for us.And so，we spend most of our friendship exchanging stories and emojis on social media.
Our group has become home to career advice and mental support(精神支持)．I am saddened by anyone who would suggest our largely online friendship is in any way less important than people who have the chance to sit in the same room.We live in a world where technology is everywhere.So embrace it and you’ll get more than you expect.
语篇解读 本文是说明文。作者通过自身经历表达了对现代友谊——网络友谊的观点，即我们应该接受现代友谊。
1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To explore the reasons for loneliness.
B．To introduce Kate Leaver’s new book.
C．To bring up the topic of modern friendship.
D．To discuss the negative influence of the Internet.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段中“Scientists have done studies that suggest a connection between social media and loneliness.”和最后一段中“I am saddened by anyone ...you’ll get more than you expect.”可知，作者通过自身经历表达了对现代友谊——网络友谊的观点，即我们应该接受现代友谊，由此可推知，第一段的目的是提出现代友谊的话题。故选C。
2．What can we learn about the woman who met her bridesmaids online
A．She helps her online friends find their true selves.
B．She considers her social life very different.
C．She has lots of short-term online friends.
D．She speaks highly of online friendship.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“I know a woman who met all three of her bridesmaids(伴娘) on the social media platform.She says she feels her most real self when she’s online and the friends she’s made there are her closest friends.”可推知，在社交媒体上认识了她的三个伴娘的女士高度赞扬网络友谊。故选D。
3．How does the author deal with her friendships
A．She tries hard to have face-to-face catch-ups.
B．She pays more attention to her online friends.
C．She uses the Internet to maintain friendships.
D．She writes stories to stay in touch with her friends.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And so，we spend most of our friendship exchanging stories and emojis on social media.”可知，作者利用互联网来维持友谊。故选C。
4．What does the underlined word “embrace” probably mean in the last paragraph
A．Stop. B．Accept.
C．Change. D．Discover.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“I am saddened...We live in a world where technology is everywhere.”可知，作者赞成网络友谊，因为我们生活在一个科技无处不在的世界，所以要接受它。由此可知，画线单词embrace与accept(接受)意思接近，故选B。
B
When you are a kid，gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date.But when you grow up to be an adult，making and maintaining friendships gets harder.So how much quality time(优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend A new study recently found that，on average，it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual(感情不深的) friend，about 90 hours before you become real friends，and about 200 hours to become close friends.
The study’s author Jeffrey Hall，a communications professor，invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments—people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.“Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80－100 hours together，” said Hall.
The study found that the amount of time spent talking together，or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them，was unrelated to friendship closeness.“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you，” Hall said.“However，my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.”
You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them.But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on”，Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship.The participants who did activities outside of work with someone，such as being invited to have lunch in their homes，were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想将同事发展成为朋友，需要将这种关系带出工作场所。
5．What is the new study mainly about
A．Ways of making friends in a new environment.
B．Why people need to make different friends.
C．Different levels of friendship.
D．How long it takes to develop a friendship.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段第二句可知，该新研究主要是关于发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。
6．What do we know about the participants in the study
A．They knew each other before.
B．They had difficulty in making new friends.
C．They were in great need of friends.
D．They started their new life in the same city.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall...invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments...”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是非常需要朋友的人。故选C项。
7．What does Hall want to tell us in paragraph 3
A．It is easy to get along well with classmates.
B．Friendship closeness is related to communication.
C．It is unnecessary to become best friends with workmates.
D．Just spending enough time together doesn’t result in friendship.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可知，仅仅在一起度过足够的时间不会促成友谊。故选D项。
8．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3
A．Usually. B．Impressive.
C．Seldom. D．Confidently.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合画线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，画线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
How to Make New Friends
When you start high school，you need to make some new friends because your old friends may be away from you now.It’s not easy to make new friends，but it’s important to make new friends.Good friends help you to be happier. 1 Here are some tips to help you make new friends at high school.
Be confident after you enter high school.People like making friends with those who are confident. 2 Smile and ask them their names，if they’ve seen a new movie，or if they like a sport or an activity.Sit in the middle of the classroom so that a lot of people will sit around you.
3 Don’t change who you are to fit in or please other people.Many people can know it if you aren’t being yourself—don’t try too hard to fit in.There isn’t another person like you，so remember that and accept the fact that you’re special.
Enjoy your new friends.Do something small but nice for them.For example，you can save a seat for your friend.If you can，try and meet up with your friends outside of school and really get to know them. 4
Be a good friend.Being good friends is about trusting each other and caring for each other.It’s about give-and-take.Be there for your friends when you’re needed. 5 Think about their feelings.If you’re a good friend to others，you’ll enjoy friendships that can last long.
A．Don’t be afraid of others.
B．Everyone needs new friends.
C．They can help you do better at school.
D．Pick up your courage and talk to someone.
E．Be yourself when you’re talking with others.
F．Try to understand your friends’ points of view.
G．Enjoy yourself and enjoy being with your friends.
1．答案 C
解析 根据上文“Good friends help you to be happier.”可知，空处承接上文，继续说明好朋友的作用。故C选项“他们可以帮助你在学校做得更好”符合语境，故选C。
2．答案 D
解析 根据本段空处上下文可知，空处是在说明具体交朋友的过程，下文提到了询问名字，可知是与别人交谈。故D选项“鼓起勇气和别人交谈”符合语境，故选D。
3．答案 E
解析 根据下文“Don’t change who you are to fit in or please other people...that you’re special.”可知，下文提到不要为了迎合别人或取悦别人而改变自己，即要做自己。故E选项“当你和别人交谈时，做你自己”符合语境，故选E。
4．答案 G
解析 根据本段上文可知，本段的主旨是享受和朋友在一起，G选项与上文内容一致。故选G。
5．答案 F
解析 下文“Think about their feelings.”提到了考虑朋友的感受，即要理解朋友。故F选项“试着去理解你朋友们的观点”符合语境。故选F。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
Tommy Bell was the best friend.Those who are familiar 1. our adventures admire our brotherly bond.Born 10 metres apart in the same hospital，we were brought up in the same town，2. was a paradise for both of us.By the time we were teenagers，we were business partners selling imported luxury goods.In our twenties，I followed him into the Great War.As the battle unfolded，there were horrible scenes in our 3. (surrounding)．I ought to have died when a bomb 4. (strike) something near us.Tommy struggled to drag me to safety on his back.Despite 5. (lose) my leg，I survived and I owe him my life.
6． (make) his fortune and work out his destiny after the war，Tommy went to so much trouble to the West.We seldom corresponded，but never did he forget his old pal.Unusually I’d always receive a pack of money each month on my doorstep.I never proved my guess that it came from him.I never asked him about it，and I think he preferred that I didn’t.
When I received news of his passing away，I was 7. (bitter) ashamed that I didn’t keep in contact with him more regularly.Meetings 8. (postpone) for one reason or another.Now I’m here at this 9. (appoint) place and time，to pour some whiskey，his favourite drink，and raise a glass to Tommy Bell.It’s plain to see he was 10. impressive，inspiring，and ambitious fellow.Wherever he is，I sincerely wish he could find comfort and rest easy.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己和最好的朋友Tommy Bell的经历，表达了对这位已故的朋友的思念。
1．答案 with
解析 考查介词。此处指“熟悉某物”，用固定短语be familiar with sth。故填with。
2．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“town”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
3．答案 surroundings
解析 考查名词。表示“环境”时常用surroundings，在句中作介词in的宾语，故填surroundings。
4．答案 struck
解析 考查时态。结合上下文可知，文章描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填struck。
5．答案 losing
解析 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词Despite的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填losing。
6．答案 To make
解析 考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词的首字母应大写，故填To make。
7．答案 bitterly
解析 考查副词。空处修饰形容词“ashamed”，应用副词作状语，故填bitterly。
8．答案 were postponed
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语“Meetings”和动词“postpone”之间是被动关系，且此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，故填were postponed。
9．答案 appointed
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词appoint和名词短语“place and time”之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示被动，故填appointed。
10．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。“fellow”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且impressive的发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．The methods of making friends online.
B．The advantages and disadvantages of making friends online.
C．How to make friends on the Internet.
D．How to stay in touch with friends in the digital age.
答案 B
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．What makes making friends change significantly
A．The necessity of making friends.
B．People’s often moving to another place.
C．The development of technology.
D．People’s living too far away with others.
答案 C
2．What can the digital age enable us to do according to paragraph 3
A．Shop online and save time.
B．Do business with other people.
C．Look through interesting websites.
D．Find people with similar interests.
答案 D
3．Which friends may be real friends online
A．People who often have a chat with you.
B．People who always tell you the true information.
C．People who introduce other people to you.
D．People who have similar interests with you.
答案 B
4．How can we understand the first sentence in the last paragraph
A．Babies are more important than bathwater.
B．Technology has changed babies in many ways.
C．It’s unwise to refuse a thing just because of its downsides.
D．We can always live without friends around us.
答案 C
5．What is the author’s attitude towards online friendship
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Objective.
答案 D
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
In the past，the only way to get news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered.However,1.with the advances in technology，nowadays，we can move around the world 2.and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.All we need is a wi-fi 3.connection(connect)．The digital age also 4.enables(able) us to find people who share our 5.interests(interest)．But when you “friend” people online，does this mean that they 6.really(real) are your friends？It depends.If people always exchange true personal information online，then yes，these friendships can be real and 7.meaningful(meaning)．But we need to keep in mind that 8.what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about 9.a person.On social media sites，people tend 10.to post(post) only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater.
Ⅰ.补句子 析结构
1．How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing(lose) track of your friends？(P50 Para.1)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，从句的主语是moving to a new town。
汉语翻译：如果搬到一个新城镇意味着和你的朋友失去联系，你会作何感受？
2．Thanks to advances in technology，how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly(significant)．(P50 Para.1)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，how引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语。
汉语翻译：多亏技术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了显著的变化。
3．Nowadays，we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.(P50 Para.2)
结构分析：本句中and连接并列的谓语；that引导限制性定语从句。
汉语翻译：如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边仍与想要与之维持友谊的人们保持联系。
4．Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships(维持友谊)．(P50 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。
汉语翻译：社交媒体工具让我们能知晓朋友的动向、维系彼此间的友谊。
5．But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth(true) about a person.(P51 Para.6)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，that引导宾语从句；what引导主语从句，在从句中作see的宾语。
汉语翻译：但是我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真面目。
6．On social media sites，people tend to post(post) only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly(friend)．(P52 Para.7)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，that引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：在社交网站上，人们倾向于只发布正面的信息，塑造自己快乐且友善的形象。
7．Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends，the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.(P52 Para.8)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，Although引导让步状语从句；we acquire friends是省略了引导词that/in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
汉语翻译：尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式，但友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。
8．As Aristotle said，no one would choose to live without friends，even if he had all other goods.(P52 Para.8)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，As意为“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。
汉语翻译：正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，即使他拥有其他所有财富。
Ⅱ.研典句 学用法
What if...
What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？(P50 Para.1)
如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样？
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，“What if...？”意为“要是……会怎么样，如果……将会怎样”，其后跟状语从句；从句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词letters。
————————————————————————————————————————
“What if...？”意为“要是……会怎么样，如果……将会怎样”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。
What/How about...？……怎么样？
What (...) for？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？
So what？那又怎么样？
————————————————————————————————————————
杰夫小声说道：“为妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐怎么样？要是我们失败了怎么办呀？”珍娜双眼闪烁着兴奋的光芒回答道：“那又怎么样？至少我们竭尽全力为母亲做点事情了。”
Jeff whispered，“How about preparing a tasty breakfast for our mother？What if we fail？” Jenna responded with her eyes glittering with excitement，“So what？At least we have spared no effort to do something for our mother.”
whatever引导让步状语从句
Whatever our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them，even if they live on the other side of the world.(P51 Para.3)
不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，Whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意为“不管什么”；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词others；even if意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
————————————————————————————————————————
whatever，whoever，whichever既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which。
whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how。
“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
注意：however或no matter how后接形容词或副词时顺序应该是：however或no matter how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，老师们总是耐心地帮助我们。
Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us with great patience.
(2)无论我将来走到哪里，我都会记住这句名言，并让它指导我的生活。
Wherever/No matter where I go in the future，I’ll remember the famous saying and let it guide my life.
(3)无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该鼓足勇气克服它们。
Whatever/No matter what difficulties we are faced with，we should gather up our courage to overcome them.
(4)金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
课文重点词块默写
1．意味着做某事mean doing sth
2．不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态lose track of
3．要是……会怎样？What if...
4．归功于……，多亏…… thanks to
5．周游世界move around the world
6．与……保持联系stay in touch with
7．社交媒体social media
8．忙于(做)某事be up to sth
9．数字时代the digital age
10．使某人有能力做…… enable sb to do
11．与我们有共同的兴趣share our interests
12．收集汽车模型collect model cars
13．演奏乐器play an instrument
14．把……和……联系起来connect...with...
15．视情况而定。It depends.
16．个人信息personal information
17．即使；尽管even if/though
18．记住；将……记在心上keep in mind
19．倾向于做……；易于做……tend to do sth
20．发布最新消息post updates
21．不分良莠一起抛弃throw the baby out with the bathwater
22．对……的渴望longing for
训练2 Understanding ideas [分值：50分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分)
(应用文写作——网络对中学生的影响)
1．由于科技的进步，我们学生在社交媒体上与他人交流变得很容易。(thanks to；advance)
Thanks to advances in technology，it is easy for us students to communicate with others on social media.
2．至于我，我更喜欢在网上和朋友聊天或者播放视频。(have a preference for)
As for me，I have a preference for chatting with my friends or streaming videos online.
3．家长们越来越焦虑，担心如果我们青少年沉迷于网络该怎么办。(what if...)
Parents are becoming increasingly anxious，worrying what if we teenagers get addicted to the Internet.
4．网上冲浪是一把双刃剑，所以我们不应该不分良莠一起抛弃。(throw the baby out with the bathwater)
Surfing online is a double-edged sword，so we shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
5．无论我们何时上网，我们都应该睁大眼睛，保护好我们的个人信息。(whenever引导让步状语从句)
Whenever we are surfing online，we should keep our eyes open and protect our personal information.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Thanks to advances in technology，it is easy for us students to communicate with others on social media.As for me，I have a preference for chatting with my friends or streaming videos online.However，parents are becoming increasingly anxious，worrying what if we teenagers get addicted to the Internet.Indeed，spending too much time online is harmful to us both physically and mentally.However，surfing online is a double-edged sword，so we shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.What we need to do is whenever we are surfing online，we should keep our eyes open and protect our personal information，so that we can really benefit from the technological advances in the digital age.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Although social media can be enjoyable and beneficial，online relationships simply cannot replace real life connection.But simply being in the flesh with someone does not make a lasting，meaningful relationship，which got me thinking: what，exactly，does My search to answer this question took me back more than 2,000 years to Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics.What I found couldn’t be more insightful，and it rings just as true today as it must have then.
Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship：
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY，in which one or both of the parties gain something as a result of the friendship(think: much of the modern “networking” enterprise，or becoming friends with someone because you think they can help you)．
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE，or those centered around pleasant experiences(think: people with whom you can have a good，carefree time)．
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE，in which both individuals share the same values(think: people whom you admire and respect，and with whom you share what you find most important in life)．
It’s fascinating that，centuries ago，Aristotle offered that many individuals often pursue friendships primarily for utility.And it’s easy to see that some things never change.
Likewise，he wrote，“Those who love because of what is good for themselves，and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves.Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable，is not permanent but is always changing; thus，when the reason for the friendship is done away，the friendship is dissolved.”
It’s OK to have some friendships mainly for utility and pleasure，but it’s important to realize that these fill a different purpose and are likely to have a shorter lifespan than one built upon shared virtue.And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing.But they require considerable energy to maintain—as Aristotle wrote，“lack of conversation has broken many a friendship”—but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了亚里士多德描述的三种不同的友谊，认为只有基于美德的友谊才值得保护和珍惜。
1．What is the author’s attitude towards Aristotle’s grouping of friendship
A．Supportive. B．Opposed.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“What I found couldn’t be more insightful，and it rings just as true today as it must have then.”可知，作者认为亚里士多德对友谊的见地今天听起来和当时一样的正确，因此作者对亚里士多德对友谊的看法持支持的态度。故选A项。
2．How does the author illustrate Aristotle’s three kinds of friendship
A．By giving examples.
B．By offering instructions.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By drawing conclusions.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段及下文中的“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY...(think：much of...help you)”“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE...(think：people with whom...carefree time)”以及“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE...(think：people whom...in life)”可知，作者列举了亚里士多德描述的三种不同的友谊并进行了简单的分析以及举了一些具体的例子，由此可推断，作者是通过举例子来阐述亚里士多德的三种友谊。故选A项。
3．Why can’t friendship based on utility and pleasure last long
A．Because there are always other friends around.
B．Because people only consider their own benefits.
C．Because people’s pursuit is not always the same.
D．Because different people make friends for different reasons.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable，is not permanent but is always changing; thus，when the reason for the friendship is done away，the friendship is dissolved.”可知，基于利益和快乐的友谊不是永恒的而是多变的，所以，当人们所追求的利益和快乐消失的时候，友谊也就消失了。故选C项。
4．According to Aristotle，how can one keep a longer friendship
A．Spend face-to-face time with your friends.
B．Keep talking to the ones with shared values.
C．Value the advantages you get out of a friend.
D．Create a pleasant atmosphere for a conversation.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“And it is the friendships based on value that...lack of conversation...what you put in.”可知，只有基于美德的友谊值得珍惜和拥有，亚里士多德认为缺乏交流破坏了友谊，所以，要想保持长久的友谊，需要的是与有共同价值观的人进行交流。故选B项。
B
(2024·江苏高一期中)
Friendships can have a major impact on your health and happiness，but it’s not always easy to develop or maintain friendships.It’s necessary to understand the importance of social connection in your life and how to meet new friends.
Good friends are good for your health.Friends can help you celebrate good times and provide support during bad times.Friends prevent isolation and loneliness and give you a chance to offer needed companionship，too.Friends also play a significant role in promoting your overall health.Adults with strong social connections have a reduced risk of many significant health problems，including depression，high blood pressure and an unhealthy body mass index(BMI)．In fact，studies have found that older adults who have meaningful relationships and social support are likely to live longer than their peers with fewer connections.
Many adults find it hard to develop new friendships or keep up existing friendships.Friendships may take a back seat to other priorities，such as work or caring for children or aging parents.You and your friends may have grown apart due to changes in your lives or interests.Or maybe you’ve moved to a new community and haven’t yet found a way to meet people.Developing and maintaining good friendships takes effort.The enjoyment and comfort friendship can provide，however，makes the investment worthwhile.
So，what are some ways to meet new friends？It’s possible to develop friendships with people who are already in your social network.Think through people you’ve interacted with—even very casually—who made a positive impression.If anyone stands out in your memory as someone you’d like to know better，reach out.Ask mutual friends or acquaintances to share the person’s contact information，or—even better—to reintroduce the two of you with a text，email or in-person visit.Extend an invitation to coffee or lunch.
To meet new people who might become your friends，you have to go to places where others are gathered.Don’t limit yourself to one strategy for meeting people.The broader your efforts，the greater your likelihood of success.Persistence also matters.Take the initiative rather than waiting for invitations to come your way and keep trying.You may need to suggest plans a few times before you can tell if your interest in a new friend is mutual.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了友谊的好处、保持或发展友谊的阻碍以及如何认识新朋友。
5．What does the underlined word “isolation” in the second paragraph probably mean
A．Challenge. B．Relaxation.
C．Separation. D．Determination.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文以及“give you a chance to offer needed companionship”可知，朋友可以给你机会让你提供陪伴，且画线词和and后的loneliness是并列关系，由此可推知，朋友可以防止孤立和孤独。故选C。
6．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Friendship can help people live longer.
B．Support from friends during tough times.
C．Some suggestions on how to make friends.
D．Friendship’s positive impacts on people’s health.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段中心句“Good friends are good for your health.”可知，本段主要讲的是友谊对人的身心健康的积极影响。故选D。
7．How many difficulties in developing and maintaining friendships are mentioned in paragraph 3
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Many adults find it hard to...haven’t yet found a way to meet people.”可知，在发展和维持友谊中会有三个困难：友谊也许会让位于工作或家庭需要；生活或兴趣的变化可能导致疏远；搬家可能导致你暂时缺少结识朋友的方法。故选B。
8．Which of the following ways of making friends is mentioned in the passage
A．Sticking to one strategy for meeting people.
B．Waiting for invitations to come your way.
C．Contacting those who ever impressed you a lot.
D．Sharing your personal contact information online.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“If anyone stands out in your memory as someone you’d like to know better...Extend an invitation to coffee or lunch.”可知，文章提到的结交朋友的一种方法是联系那些曾经给你留下深刻印象的人。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·广东深圳高一期末)
Cui Chenxi became China’s youngest ever Asian Games gold medalist after the 13-year-old skateboarder won the women’s street event in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.She made an 1 landing off the difficult high rail—a move many of her competitors avoided.
Cui said this victory 2 a lot to her.“I always wanted to win gold.This competition is different from other competitions，so I 3 wanted to win this one.” Asked if she was 4 before the competition，she 5 her head，saying：“Not at all.My dad told me to stay relaxed， 6 the competition and show my skills. 7 I give it my all，I’ll have no regrets.”
Skateboarding，which is rooted in street culture and closely 8 to lifestyles and attitudes of young people，is a sport that highlights(强调) 9 and personal techniques.Cui is born for this sport.She first 10 skateboarding in 2020 and within a year，she won at professional-level events.“I remember the day I first stepped onto the board.It was love at first 11 ，” Cui said.
In skateboarding，injuries are common.When discussing the injuries she suffered，Cui displayed a level of 12 beyond her age.“When I started skateboarding，I thought it was great 13 .Later，I realized skateboarders bear a lot of 14 .But that is where the spirit of skateboarding 15 ，” she said.
1．A.impressive B．important
C．unsteady D．obvious
答案 A
解析 impressive令人印象深刻的；unsteady不稳定的；obvious明显的。根据后文“a move many of her competitors avoided”可知，崔宸曦的动作难度大，但她完成得非常好。故选A。
2．A.advances B．sends
C．matters D．teaches
答案 C
解析 advance发展；send寄送；matter有重要性；teach教授。根据前文“this victory”及后文“ I wanted to win this one”可知，她非常想赢得这次比赛，故而这次胜利对她意义重大。故选C。
3．A.hardly B．especially
C．constantly D．usually
答案 B
解析 hardly几乎不；especially尤其；constantly不断地；usually通常。根据前文“This competition is different from other competitions，so”可知，这次比赛不同以往，所以她特别想赢。故选B。
4．A.content B．curious
C．confident D．nervous
答案 D
解析 content满意的；curious好奇的；confident自信的；nervous紧张的。根据后文“Not at all.My dad told me to stay relaxed”可知，她赛前并不紧张。故选D。
5．A.nodded B．shook
C．turned D．hung
答案 B
解析 nod点头；shake摇头；turn转身；hang悬挂。根据后文“Not at all.”可知，她摇头表示赛前不紧张。故选B。
6．A.lead B．quit
C．report D．enjoy
答案 D
解析 lead带领；quit停止；report报道；enjoy享受。根据前文“My dad told me to stay relaxed”可知，父亲告诉她要保持放松，故而能够享受比赛。故选D。
7．A.Even if B．As soon as
C．As long as D．In case
答案 C
解析 even if即使；as soon as一……就；as long as只要；in case以防。根据后文“I give it my all，I’ll have no regrets”可知，前面是条件状语从句，只要全力以赴，她就不会后悔。故选C。
8．A.linked B．compared
C．known D．drawn
答案 A
解析 link相关联；compare比较；know知道；draw绘画，吸引。根据前文“which is rooted in street culture”和后文“to lifestyles and attitudes of young people”可知，滑板运动植根于街头文化，所以是与年轻人的生活方式和态度密切相关。故选A。
9．A.teamwork B．civilization
C．stress D．freedom
答案 D
解析 teamwork团队合作；civilization文明；stress压力；freedom自由。根据前文“Skateboarding，which is rooted in street culture and closely to lifestyles and attitudes of young people”可知，滑板运动植根于街头文化，和年轻人有关，故推知该运动强调自由。故选D。
10．A.took up B．gave up
C．set up D．packed up
答案 A
解析 take up开始做；give up放弃；set up建立；pack up收拾行李。根据后文“skateboarding in 2020”及“the day I first stepped onto the board”可知，她在2020年开始学习滑板。故选A。
11．A.hand B．sight
C．place D．time
答案 B
解析 hand手；sight视野，看见；place地点；time时间。根据前文“I remember the day I first stepped onto the board.”可知，崔宸曦第一次玩滑板便爱上了这项运动。love at first sight表示“一见钟情”。故选B。
12．A.courage B．honesty
C．hope D．kindness
答案 A
解析 courage勇气；honesty诚实；hope希望；kindness善良。根据前文“When discussing the injuries she suffered”及后文“beyond her age”可知，虽然她年纪小，但谈及伤痛，她却表现出超乎她年龄的勇气。故选A。
13．A.power B．interest
C．talent D．fun
答案 D
解析 power权力；interest兴趣；talent天赋；fun乐趣。根据前文“the injuries she suffered”“When I started skateboarding”及后文“Later，I realized skateboarders bear a lot of .”可推知，她一开始认为玩滑板很有趣，之后才意识到滑板运动员会受很多伤。故选D。
14．A.praises B．gains
C．injuries D．duties
答案 C
解析 praise表扬；gain收获；injury损伤；duty责任。根据前文“In skateboarding，injuries are common.”可知，滑板运动员会受很多伤。故选C。
15．A.goes B．happens
C．lies D．works
答案 C
解析 go去(某地)；happen发生；lie在于；work工作，起作用。根据前文“skateboarders bear a lot of .But that is where the spirit of skateboarding”可知，滑板运动的精神就在于不断受伤却不断坚持。故选C。Section Ⅳ Grammar
阅读以下短文，体会加黑部分，完成下面的练习
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share.To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
[自主发现]
1．以上加黑的从句为定语从句，修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的这些词叫先行词。
2．引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词，以上短文中的关系词有：who，whose，that，whom，which，这些词在从句中都充当成分，可以作主语，如：①③⑤⑦；可以作宾语，如：④⑥⑧；可以作定语，如：②。
定语从句(一)
一、语法图解
二、定语从句概述
定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限定作用的从句
先行词 被修饰的名词或代词
关系词 关系代词：who；whom；whose；which；that；as 关系副词：when；where；why
分类 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
三、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 所指代(即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人/物 定语
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有个女孩儿想见你。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
The gold medal (which/that) she won has been given to her old school.
她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
→Please pass me the book，the cover of which/of which the cover is green.
请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得一枚金牌。
The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
注意：(1)关系代词that既可指人，也可以指物，可替代关系代词which/who/whom，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；
(2)作宾语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语；
(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；
(4)whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语；
(5)当先行词为指人的those时，用who不用that。
四、关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something，everything，nothing等不定代词时。
Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside？你能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？
(2)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
(3)当先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that my mother has been looking for.
这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain
你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？
(5)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me
哪些是你买给我的书？
Who is the person that came to see you yesterday
昨天来看你的那个人是谁？
[疑难点津] 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted to enter the hall.
不允许超过45岁的人进入这个大厅。
[温馨提示] (1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
(2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上周日参观的那家工厂。
Ⅰ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的关系词
This is a true story 1.that/which is supposed to have happened somewhere in the US.A man 2.who/that was accused(指控) of housebreaking appeared in court.He had put his arm through the window and stolen some money 3.that/which was lying on a table inside.The argument 4.that/which the man’s lawyer put forward wasn’t very impressive.He said that it was the man’s arm that had committed the crime and not the man himself.“You can’t punish a man for something 5.that his arm has done，” said the lawyer.Now the judge in 6.whose court the man was appearing wanted to show how stupid the lawyer’s argument was.Instead of finding the man guilty，he found the man’s arm guilty and sent it into prison.“He can go with his arm or not，as he chooses，” the judge added,7.which made everyone laugh.But what the judge didn’t know was that the man had an artificial(假的) arm.He took the arm off，gave it to the judge—8.who could hardly believe his eyes—and walked out of the court.
Ⅱ.用限制性定语从句补全下列句子
1．China is a country which/that has a history of more than 5,000 years.
中国是一个拥有5 000多年历史的国家。
2．Those who are confident and optimistic are more likely to achieve their goals.
那些自信和乐观的人更有可能实现他们的目标。
3．We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习一些写于唐朝的中国诗歌。
4．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is being repaired.
当心！不要太靠近那所屋顶正在维修的房子。
5．Harry Potter is the most interesting story (that) I have ever read.
《哈利·波特》是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
训练3 Grammar [分值：89.5分]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．The little boys were cleaning the windows，most of which were dirty.
2．There is an old man who/that says he is your grandpa.
3．I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
4．It is the tallest building that Daming has seen ever since he came here.
5．The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
6．I was amazed at the number of people who/that visited the West Lake on Saturday.
7．Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7∶30 pm.
8．Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.
9．The man is talking about the teachers and things that encouraged him greatly in school.
10．The International Red Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子(共5小题；每小题3分，共15分)
1．The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful.
→The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful.
2．I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise.
→I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
3．The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
→The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother.
4．Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.
5．The woman is our geography teacher.You saw her in the park.
→The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
Ⅲ.用定语从句完成下面短文(共6小题；每小题2分，共12分)
Friendship is a thing 1.that/which brings happiness(带来幸福) to people.Friendship is one of the most important things 2.that people should have(人们应该拥有的)．People should make friends with those 3.whose attitude is positive(态度积极的)，because friends have a great impact on people.Honestly speaking，a real friend is a person 4.who helps you(帮助你) when you are in trouble.They are those 5.who share happiness and sorrow(分享快乐和悲伤) with you.They are brave to point out the mistakes 6.that can affect your future(能影响你未来的)．A friend in need is a friend indeed.Everyone should have real friends and strive to be a real friend of others.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
“I feel unlikable，lonely and hopeless，” said Lisa，a bright teenager from a loving home.“It seems that nobody wants to become my friend.What’s wrong with me ”
Like Lisa，many of us experience loneliness.The truth is that all people，no matter what their age or character—even the most outgoing and popular—experience loneliness at least sometimes.It’s healthy and natural to want to be around people who care.After all，we’ve all heard “No man is an island.” That’s true.We all need others in our lives.
Solomon，the wisest man who ever lived，explains that if we want friends，we must be friendly and reach out to others.But it has risks.Because we are often afraid of rejection(拒绝)，many of us are unwilling to reach out to others.We take a safer way and wait for others to make friends with us.But if we want friends，we’ve got to get beyond this.
If making friends is your goal as well，you need to consider taking some measures(措施)．
Be willing to take the initiative(主动权)．If you see someone whom you would like to know，don’t wait for her to make the first move.Get close to her and begin a conversation.Let her know in a non-aggressive(无攻击性的) way that you are interested in being friends with her.
Reach out to those who are lonely.If you spot someone sitting alone at school，go talk to them.Don’t choose friends based on their popularity；often，shyness hides great qualities.
Ask questions.Begin by asking a potential friend about her hobbies or family.Ask open-ended questions to encourage more than just “yes” or “no” answers.For example，don’t ask “Do you have a dog？” Instead，say “So，tell me about your pets.” Avoiding asking “yes” or “no” questions makes your possible friend not end your communication with a one word answer.
1．Why does the author begin the text with Lisa’s worry
A．To set a sad tone.
B．To share Lisa’s pain.
C．To introduce the topic.
D．To teach readers a lesson.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Like Lisa，many of us experience loneliness.The truth is that all people...experience loneliness at least sometimes.”可推知，作者以丽莎的担忧作为文章的开头是为了引出话题。故选C。
2．What can be a risk caused by reaching out to others according to the passage
A．Being refused by others.
B．Putting ourselves in danger.
C．Being treated in a rude way.
D．Losing interest in communicating.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it has risks.Because we are often afraid of rejection(拒绝)，many of us are unwilling to reach out to others.”可知，主动与他人接触可能会遇到被别人拒绝的风险。故选A。
3．What can we know from paragraph 5
A．Shy people are hard to talk to.
B．Popular people are often easy-going.
C．Just waiting for chances will waste our time.
D．A proper manner is important in making friends.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Let her know in a non-aggressive(无攻击性的) way that you are interested in being friends with her.”可知，正确的交友方式很重要。故选D。
4．Why does the author suggest not asking “yes” or “no” questions
A．It is considered unfriendly.
B．It will leave a bad first impression.
C．It shows the poor quality of the speaker.
D．It isn’t good for keeping a conversation going.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Avoiding asking ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions makes your possible friend not end your communication with a one word answer.”可推知，作者建议不要问回答为“是”或“否”之类的问题，因为这种问题不利于保持谈话持续进行。故选D。
B
We all want to be successful in our work.But what happens if our success comes at the risk of losing important friendships If your friends didn’t receive what they were hoping for，your success could make them feel uncomfortable.But does that mean we shouldn’t enjoy our achievements in case we displease someone or that we should feel sorry for being successful while others aren’t
Those of us who value friendships might feel embarrassed for achieving more than our friends.But we deserve(应得) our success，and nothing can take it away.Jealousy(嫉妒) is only natural，but it’s often unreasonable，too.Your success is probably not connected with your friends’ progress，so you shouldn’t feel bad about achieving your goals.If your friends stay unfriendly，don’t be afraid to keep yourself away from them.You are not responsible for their weaknesses.
Meanwhile，your friends may think highly of your recent success while hiding their real feelings.They could be jealous，angry or sad that they are not progressing at the same rate.So，be careful not to talk big.It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence，and by crossing the line，you may risk losing team support.
Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win，or high-class new office，consider your listeners.Maybe your friends narrowly missed out on a promotion，or experienced pay cuts，which meant they didn’t get what they were expecting.If your work is on a rising path，it doesn’t mean that’s the case for everyone.
Perhaps a step forward in your work means that you don’t spend as much time with your friends as you used to.If you’ve changed a job or moved to a new office，take the time to stay in touch with old friends.Don’t let that hard work go to waste by losing touch with them.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在获得成功时如何与朋友分享才有利于维持友谊。
5．Why does the author start the passage with two questions
A．To show his writing purpose.
B．To explain how to make friends.
C．To raise the topic of the passage.
D．To tell us the problem between friends.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的两个问题及第二段前两句可推知，作者用两个问题开篇是为了提出主题。故选C。
6．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．We could enjoy our success.
B．Friends will surely help us make progress.
C．Our success will certainly hurt our friends.
D．Our success is linked to our friends’ progress.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But we deserve(应得) our success，and nothing can take it away.”可知，我们可以享受我们的成功。故选A。
7．Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A．If our friends support our success，we should consider their feelings.
B．We should feel sorry for being successful while our friends aren’t.
C．When we achieve great success，we can help our friends make progress.
D．When we achieve great success，we should make our friends proud of us.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Meanwhile，your friends may think highly of your recent success...So，be careful not to talk big.”及第四段第一句“Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win，or high-class new office，consider your listeners.”可知，作者可能会同意如果我们的朋友支持我们的成功，我们应该考虑他们的感受。故选A。
8．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．How to avoid hurting a friend.
B．How to enjoy success to the fullest.
C．How to share our success with friends.
D．How to keep relationships between friends.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句和倒数第二句可知，第二段主要是讲如果朋友对你的成功表示不友好，可以远离他们；根据第三段最后两句及第四段第一句和最后一段最后一句可知，最后三段主要是讲在获得成功时如何与朋友分享才能保持友谊。由此可知，文章主要是论述了如何与朋友分享自己的成功。故选C。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Being honest may not get you a lot of friends，but it will get you the right ones. 1 This is quite the opposite of counterpart that would have you encouraging friends in all things，regardless of what you might feel or observe or know about the challenges of life.Here are three ways to be an authentically positive friend.
Ask questions.
A feature of authentic positivity is a curious mindset，a mentality where you are less locked into “telling it like it is” and more interested in wondering and exploring the possibilities together with your friend. 2 If your friendship has a history of welcome advice-giving，your question could be “Are you looking for ideas，or do you just want me to listen？”
3
“That’s so disappointing” is sometimes the most positive thing you can say to your friend when they are struggling.Resisting the urge to say “It’s all going to work out; don’t worry” shows your friend that you see them in their pain，and that you are available to support them here and now. 4 You can use “yes/and” statements like “What happened at work is so frustrating—and I know how creative you are，so you’ll find a way to move forward.”
Learn to apologize—and ask for an apology.
Every friend misses the mark sometimes.That includes you，too.Being authentic in a friendship means having the freedom to say to a friend，“I’m sorry I hurt you.” It also means being able to say.“Your words/actions hurt me.” 5
A．Name hard truths.
B．Don’t disappoint your friend.
C．Instead，friends should be authentic and positive.
D．So you should develop authentic positivity in your friendship.
E．But that doesn’t mean that you need to focus on the negative all the time.
F．Positive friends ask each other questions，and listen deeply to the answers.
G．Friendships that stand the test of time have room for mistakes，and for repair.
1．答案 D
解析 根据下文“This is quite the opposite of counterpart that would have you encouraging friends in all things，regardless of...challenges of life...”可知，空处应与下文“尽管你知道生活中的挑战，但总是对朋友说鼓励的话”意思相反，即应做一个诚实的人，告诉朋友实话，所以D项符合语境，与上文形成因果关系，且与下文形成对比，同时选项中的authentic positivity呼应本段最后的authentically positive。故选D。
2．答案 F
解析 根据本段小标题“Ask questions.”和空处下文“If your friendship has a history of welcome advice-giving，your question could be ‘Are you looking for ideas，or do you just want me to listen？’”可知，此处是指真正积极的朋友应该互相询问和认真倾听对方的回答，所以选项F切合文意。故选F。
3．答案 A
解析 空处是本段小标题，应是本段主旨句。根据空处下文可知，空处应是指要正视现实，所以选项A“说出残酷的事实”切合文意。故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 根据空处上下文可知，此处是指正视现实也不意味着要一直说负面的事情，所以选项E“但这并不意味着你需要一直关注消极的一面”切合文意。故选E。
5．答案 G
解析 根据上文“Every friend misses the mark sometimes...‘Your words/actions hurt me.’”可知，此处是指真正的友谊应该容许犯错和修复，所以选项G“经得起时间考验的友谊有犯错的余地，也有修复的余地”切合文意。故选G。
Ⅵ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
How to Deal with Frenemies(亦敌亦友)
Have you ever had a friend who plans to hang out but cancels when a 1. (good) offer comes along Or a buddy who drops everything to lend you a hand but later talks about you behind your back These problematic friends 2. (know) as “frenemies”．
The term can be used to describe those relationships 3. can raise you up in one case，but pull you down in another.In these troublesome relationships，encouragement and 4.____________(warm) go hand in hand with criticism(批评)，envy and rejection.It’s a friend who drives you crazy.You don’t want to lose them,5. they are really a pain.
Researchers have found that such ties can have a negative effect 6. the mental and physical well-being of a person，the results of which can lead to high blood pressure，an increased risk for depression(抑郁) and a lowered ability 7. (fight) stress.However，if you want to keep your frenemies—and most people do—there are things you can do to reduce these 8. (harm) effects.
No friendship is perfect.Whether your friend is worthwhile 9. (depend) on what he or she means to you.But either way，you can work on keeping your end of the friendship.Start with 10. (control) your own behavior and being the kind of friend，you’d want others to be for you.
1．答案 better
解析 考查形容词比较级。根据句意及常识可知，此处指“一个更好的邀请”，应用形容词比较级。故填better。
2．答案 are known
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。know与主语These problematic friends是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为复数，be动词应用are。故填are known。
3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是relationships，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
4．答案 warmth
解析 考查名词。此处与encouragement作并列主语，应用名词warmth，不可数。故填warmth。
5．答案 but
解析 考查连词。前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
6．答案 on/upon
解析 考查介词。固定搭配have an effect upon/on“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
7．答案 to fight
解析 考查非谓语动词。ability后常用不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的能力”。故填to fight。
8．答案 harmful
解析 考查形容词。空后effects是名词，应用形容词作定语；分析语境可知，此处表示“有害的”。故填harmful。
9．答案 depends
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子主语是Whether引导的主语从句，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填depends。
10．答案 controlling
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处与being the kind of friend作介词with的并列宾语，应用动名词。故填controlling。Section Ⅴ Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the conversation on P57 and choose the best answer.
1．What have the speakers planned to do this week
A．Cheer their friend up.
B．Make a trip to London.
C．Go to visit their friend Matt.
答案 B
2．What do we know about Matt
A．He got a broken leg.
B．He is not looking forward to the trip.
C．He is not willing to travel with the speakers.
答案 A
3．Why does Andy turn down the idea of sending postcards to Matt
A．They can’t get the suitable one.
B．Postcards take too much time to arrive.
C．Postcards are not funny enough.
答案 B
4．What decision do they finally make
A．Postponing the trip.
B．Having a video chat with Matt when travelling.
C．Making a cardboard version of Matt and take it along with them.
答案 C
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the conversation on P57 again and fill in the blanks.
Andy：Hello!
Clara：Hi，Andy! This is Clara.Matt just called me.He said he 1.broke his leg and couldn’t make our trip to London this week.
Andy：What a shame! He’s been looking forward to it 2.for ages.Why don’t we wait until he’s better
Clara：He said we should go without him.It will take quite a while for him to 3.get well again.He doesn’t want us to give up 4.our holiday because of him.
Andy：But Matt is our friend.He needs our 5.comfort and support.Let’s think about ways to cheer him up!
Clara：You’re right! We could send him photos of the places we visit.
Andy：We could，but that might make him feel 6.even worse.I want to make him laugh.
Clara：How about sending him 7.funny postcards from every place we visit
Andy：Maybe，but postcards can take days to arrive.How about having 8.a video chat with him wherever we go That way he can see everything，too.
Clara：That’s a good idea.But you aren’t allowed to take videos in some places.OK，I’ve got it—why don’t we take Matt with us
Andy：What about his broken leg
Clara：Not the real Matt.Let’s make a “Flat Matt”！
Andy：What？！
Clara：We can print Matt’s photo on a life-sized 9.cardboard cutout.We’ll then take it with us and whenever we take photos in London...
Andy：[interrupts] Matt will be in the photos，too，as if he were there with us.
Clara：That’s right! “Flat Matt”will go to London with us，and the real Matt will 10.laugh at the photos.
Andy：OK，Clara.Let’s do it!Section Ⅵ Developing ideas
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．People’s usual impression of friendship.
B．The friendship between the two former friends.
C．The connection between two friends who live far away.
D．An appointment made twenty years ago was not kept.
答案 B
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．What was the policeman doing when seeing the man
A．Searching for a criminal.
B．Going on a patrol(巡逻)．
C．Dealing with an urgent thing.
D．Helping the man in need.
答案 B
2．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．The man with a scar on his face and Jimmy Wells are brothers.
B．The man and Jimmy used to dine there at “Big Joe” Brady’s.
C．The man must have made his fortune.
D．The man is thirty-eight and Jimmy is forty now.
答案 D
3．What promise did they make before they parted
A．Making a large fortune.
B．Working out their destiny.
C．Meeting again at the same place.
D．Not giving up the hope of living.
答案 C
4．Which of the following words can be used to describe Jimmy
A．Reliable and not adventurous.
B．Humorous and responsible.
C．Independent and caring.
D．Responsible and confident.
答案 A
5．Where is the passage taken from
A．A newspaper. B．A magazine.
C．A phonebook. D．A novel.
答案 D
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold，dark night.Everything was very quiet.A police officer 1. on duty found a man with a scar on his face outside “Big Joe” Brady’s，and they started to have 2.a chat.The man talked about his best chum and the 3. finest(fine) chap，Jimmy Wells.
One night twenty years ago，they 4.dined(dine) at “Big Joe” Brady’s.They grew up together in New York and got on very well.5.To make(make) his fortune，he was to start for the West while Jimmy Wells stayed in New York.6. It was on that night that they agreed to meet there again，no matter 7.what their conditions might be or from what 8.distance(distant) they might have to come.9.Firstly(first)，they corresponded with each other but after a year or two，they lost track of each other.However，he believed Jimmy Wells would turn up as they promised，and he 10. would wait(wait) for him there.
Ⅰ.补句子 析结构
1．Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly(exact) twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.(P59 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，主句是we agreed that night that...，第二个that引导宾语从句，在该从句中含有no matter what引导的让步状语从句。
汉语翻译：反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。
2．Haven’t you heard from your friend since you left？(P60 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
汉语翻译：你离开后，没有收到过你朋友的消息吗？
3．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive，for he always was the truest，staunchest old chap in the world.(P60 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，I know是主句，后面跟省略了引导词that 的宾语从句，该从句中if引导条件状语从句；句中的for是并列连词，连接表示原因的并列分句。
汉语翻译：但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就会来这儿和我见面，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的老伙计。
4．I came a thousand miles to stand(stand) in this door tonight，and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up.(P60 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是and连接的并列句，第二个分句中的if引导条件状语从句。
汉语翻译：今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。
Ⅱ.研典句 学用法
have sth done
We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be.(P60 Para.1)
我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。
结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，作figured 的宾语，该宾语从句中whatever 引导让步状语从句。 have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
————————————————————————————————————————
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构包括：
have sth done让别人做某事；使某事/物被……
have sb/sth doing sth使某人/某物一直做某事
won’t/can’t have sb doing sth不能容忍某人做某事
have sth to do有某事要做
have sb do sth让某人做某事
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)经理承诺他们会立即把家具送到我们家。
The manager promised that they would have the furniture delivered to our house immediately.
(2)我不允许你以如此粗鲁的方式跟你妈妈说话；你现在必须向她道歉。
I can’t have you speaking to your mom in such a rude manner；you must to her right now.
(3)很抱歉让你等了这么长时间，但我有一件紧急的事情要处理。
I am terribly sorry to have you waiting for such a long time，but I have an urgent thing to deal with.
课文重点词块默写
1．以……为背景be set in
2．在一个寒冷漆黑的晚上on a cold，dark night
3．下班回家leave work to go home
4．向……走去go up to
5．脸上有伤疤have a scar on one’s face
6．聊天have a chat
7．发财make one’s fortune
8．把……拖出…… drag...out of...
9．认为…… figure that...
10．应该，应当ought to
11．找出答案，解决work out
12．听起来十分有趣sound pretty interesting
13．收到某人的来信；得到某人的消息hear from sb
14．彼此失去联系lose track of each other
15．值得的be worth it
16．(意外地或终于)出现turn up
训练4 Developing ideas [分值：50分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分)
(应用文写作——结识新朋友，适应新环境)
1．我很高兴昨天收到你的来信。(hear from)
I am glad to hear from you yesterday.
2．得知你在适应新的学校生活方面有很大的困难，我很担心你。(be anxious for)
Learning that you have great difficulty adapting to the new school life，I am quite anxious for you.
3．我写信给你一些关于如何快速适应新环境的建议。(surroundings)
I am writing to give you some suggestions on how to quickly get used to the new surroundings.
4．最重要的是找到一个与你性格相同的伙伴。(partner；personality)
The most important one is finding a partner who shares the same personality with you.
5．我相信如果你采纳了上面的建议，你就可以让你的尴尬处境得到改善。(have sth done)
I am confident that you can have your awkward situation improved if you take the above suggestions.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
I am glad to hear from you yesterday.Learning that you have great difficulty adapting to the new school life，I am quite anxious for you.Therefore，I am writing to give you some suggestions on how to quickly get used to the new surroundings.The most important one is finding a partner who shares the same personality with you.Besides，don’t hesitate to turn to your teachers or roommates for help who are always kind enough to give you a hand.I am confident that you can have your awkward situation improved if you take the above suggestions.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
In choosing a friend，one should be very careful.A good friend can help you study.You can have fun together and make each other happy.Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away.How do I know when I have found a good friend I look for certain qualities of character，especially understanding，honesty and reliability.
Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend.A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling.He is not quick to judge.Instead，he tries to learn from others.He puts himself in the other person’s place，and he tries to think of ways to be helpful.He is also a good listener.
At the same time，however，a good friend is honest.He does not look for faults in others.He notices their good points.In short，a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability.I can always depend on a good friend.If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time，I can be sure that he will be there.If I need a favor，he will do his best to help me.If I am in trouble，he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special.A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.We should enjoy our lives，and we would enjoy our friendship.That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.A good friend likes the same things I like.We share experience and learn from each other.A good friend has a good sense of humor too.He likes to laugh with me.That is how we share in the joy of being friends.And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is understanding，honest，and reliable，I know I’ve found a friend!
1．What will happen if you have fair weather friends
A．They will give you all that they have when you need help.
B．You will be refused when you get into trouble.
C．You can be sure that you get real friends.
D．You will become rich.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away.”可知，如果你有酒肉朋友，当你陷入困境时，你会被拒绝。故选B。
2．Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend
A．Honesty. B．Understanding.
C．Reliability. D．A sense of humor.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend.”可知，作者认为选择朋友最重要的品质是善解人意。故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “reliability ”mean in paragraph 4
A．Very outgoing.
B．Quite knowledgeable.
C．Can be trusted.
D．Willing to listen.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“I can always depend on a good friend...he will not run away from me.”可知，朋友的另一个品质是可靠，可以被信任，即在你需要帮助的时候，会尽力提供帮助，不会逃走。由此可知，画线词意思是“可以被信任的”。故选C。
4．What is this passage mainly about
A．The qualities of a friend.
B．Where to choose friends.
C．How to get along with friends.
D．The importance of having a friend.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后两句和倒数第二段前两句可知，本文主要讲述的是好的朋友需要拥有的品质。故选A。
B
Researchers found that those with strong，close bonds(关系) with their friends at age 15 were more likely to be healthy and happy later.Importantly，popularity—defined as lots of people liking you generally，but without bonding with each other closely—wasn’t found to have the same benefit as close friends.“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood，” according to the authors of the study.Popularity actually had the opposite—negative—effect.
The University of Virginia researchers who carried out the study followed the 169 subjects every year for a decade，which means that their data are pretty strong.The scientists weren’t relying on their recall of the types of relationships people had years later; they got data in real time from their subjects as they grew and matured(成熟)．
Each year，the subjects spoke to the researchers about their friends—who their best friends were and what their relationships were like with other friends.Through interviews and assessments，they were asked about “anxiety，social acceptance，self-worth and symptoms of depression; teens’ close friends also reported on their friendships and were interviewed，” according to the release.
Then the researchers analyzed the 10 years of data to understand how people handled stress over time.Those who were merely popular did worse on several measures of mental health compared to people with strong high school friendships.
The study shows that being well-liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of forming deep，supportive friendships.These experiences stay with us no matter what happens later.As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of ordinary friends，focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority(优先考虑)．
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现高中时期发展的亲密友谊比普通友谊对青少年未来的生活意义更重大。
5．What is the potential of close friendship in mid-adolescence compared with popularity
A．People will have more confidence.
B．People will have less self-worth.
C．People will be more depressed.
D．People will be more anxious.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，与受欢迎相比，青春期中期亲密友谊的潜力是会使人们更自信。故选A项。
6．Why is the study reliable
A．They gathered the data when the subjects were quite young.
B．They collected the data when the subjects were mature.
C．They got the data from the subjects’ memory.
D．They obtained the data in real time.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The scientists weren’t relying on their recall of the types of relationships people had years later; they got data in real time from their subjects as they grew and matured(成熟)．”可知，研究可信的原因是科学家实时获得了数据。故选D项。
7．Which of the following were the researchers most concerned about in terms of the subjects
A．Their diet.
B．Their intelligence.
C．Their social acceptance.
D．Their body shape.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Through interviews and assessments...social acceptance...according to the release.”并结合选项可知，就研究对象而言，研究人员最关心的是他们的社会接受度。故选C项。
8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To oppose other people’s theories.
B．To draw a conclusion and give advice.
C．To present the methods of the research.
D．To point out the limitations of the research.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段“The study shows that...focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority(优先考虑)．”可知，最后一段的目的是得出结论并给予建议。故选B项。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·福建龙岩高一期中)
It was a September day，the first day of high school for a freshman，Kayla.Kayla had always been a bit of a shy kid，but she had always 1 her studies.She was determined to make full use of her high school years.
Walking down the hallways，Kayla couldn’t help but feel 2 .The older students seemed so confident，while she felt small and unimportant.But Kayla was determined to succeed，no matter what 3 came her way.
It wasn’t long before Kayla’s determination was put to the 4 .In her first week of school，she was assigned(分派) a(n) 5 project that required a lot of research and planning.Kayla did her 6 ，but she soon realized that she was in over her head.As she struggled(努力) to complete the project，Kayla began to 7 herself.She wondered if she was cut out for high school.But then，something 8 happened.
Kayla’s classmates began to notice how 9 she was working，and they offered her help and 10 .They gave her advice on how to 11 her time better and shared their tips for 12 assignments.With their help，Kayla completed the project on time and with great 13 .
From that day on，Kayla 14 that high school was not a challenge to be faced alone.With the help and support of her 15 ，she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文。新生凯拉开始了高中生活，她一直是一个有点害羞、不自信的孩子，但她决心充分利用她的高中时光，在同学的帮助下完成了一次很有挑战的项目，这让凯拉意识到高中并不是一个人要面对的挑战。
1．A.feared B．loved
C．missed D．forgot
答案 B
解析 fear害怕；love热爱；miss错过；forget忘记。根据下文“She was determined to make full use of her high school years.”可知，她决心充分利用她的高中时光，由此可知，凯拉热爱学习。故选B。
2．A.bored B．excited
C．worried D．interested
答案 C
解析 bored无聊的；excited兴奋的；worried担忧的；interested感兴趣的。根据下文“The older students seemed so confident，while she felt small and unimportant.”可知，凯拉感到忧虑。故选C。
3．A.difficulties B．honours
C．reasons D．dangers
答案 A
解析 difficulty困难；honour荣耀；reason理由；danger危险。根据文章最后“she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way”可知，凯拉决心解决遇到的困难。故选A。
4．A.use B．side
C．trouble D．test
答案 D
解析 side旁边；trouble麻烦；test考验。根据下文“but she soon realized that she was in over her head”可知，凯拉的决心受到了考验。故选D。
5．A.simple B．challenging
C．suitable D．amazing
答案 B
解析 simple简单的；challenging有挑战性的；suitable适合的；amazing令人惊叹的。根据下文“that required a lot of research and planning”可知，这个项目有挑战性。故选B。
6．A.part B．share
C．best D．duty
答案 C
解析 part部分；share分享；best最高标准；duty职责。根据下文“As she struggled(努力) to complete the project”可知，凯拉尽最大努力去完成项目。故选C。
7．A.teach B．doubt
C．enjoy D．believe
答案 B
解析 teach教；doubt怀疑；enjoy享受；believe相信。根据下文“She wondered if she was cut out for high school.”可知，凯拉怀疑自己是否适合上高中。故选B。
8．A.great B．strange
C．confusing D．secret
答案 A
解析 great美妙的；strange奇怪的；confusing令人困惑的；secret秘密的。根据下文“and they offered her help”可知，同学们帮助凯拉，这是美妙的事情。故选A。
9．A.fast B．bravely
C．fluently D．hard
答案 D
解析 fast快速地；bravely勇敢地；fluently流利地；hard努力地。根据上文“As she struggled(努力) to complete the project”可知，同学们发现凯拉做项目很努力。故选D。
10．A.flash B．news
C．support D．service
答案 C
解析 flash闪光；news新闻；support支持；service服务。根据下文“With the help and support”可知，同学们帮助并支持凯拉。故选C。
11．A.manage B．find
C．fill D．waste
答案 A
解析 manage管理；find找到；fill填满；waste浪费。根据下文“her time better”可知，同学们帮助凯拉更好地管理时间。故选A。
12．A.thinking about B．getting through
C．giving up D．asking for
答案 B
解析 think about考虑；get through完成；give up放弃；ask for要求得到。根据下文“With their help，Kayla completed the project”可知，同学们分享给凯拉如何完成任务的技巧。故选B。
13．A.freedom B．creation
C．success D．trust
答案 C
解析 freedom自由；creation创造；success成功；trust信任。根据上文“With their help，Kayla completed the project on time and with great”可知，在同学们的帮助下，凯拉成功完成了项目。故选C。
14．A.realized B．debated
C．repeated D．recommended
答案 A
解析 realize意识到；debate争论；repeat重复；recommend推荐。根据下文“With the help and support of her ，she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way.”可知，凯拉意识到高中并不是一个人要面对的挑战。故选A。
15．A.families B．customers
C．teammates D．classmates
答案 D
解析 family家人；customer顾客；teammate队友；classmate同学。根据上文“Kayla’s classmates began to notice”可知，同学们帮助了凯拉。故选D。Section Ⅶ Writing
本单元的写作任务是读后续写，续写故事结尾。续写短文多以记叙故事类文章或夹叙夹议类文章为主，线索逻辑性强，故事情节曲折跌宕。要求读写并重，阅读需要精确理解，续写需要大胆推断但不能偏离主题。续写步骤如下：
1．精读全文，确定线索。
精读全文首先要解决好五个W和一个H的问题，即理清人物(who)、地点(where)、时间(when)、事件(what)、原因(why)及怎样发展(how)，然后根据关键词确定故事发展的线索。
2．构思情节，谋篇布局。
以原文结尾为起点，按照原文中事件发生的逻辑，得出各段的主旨大意，构思好情节发展，预测故事的结局，发展须符合情节内在的逻辑。
3．理清逻辑，优化语言。
结合文中的关键词语拟写草稿，展开丰富的联想和想象，紧紧围绕主题，按照情节的发展进行延续，写作手法上必须以记叙为主，描写上以动作描写为重心，情节的发展要合乎逻辑。所续写的内容在主题、人物、线索及语言风格上要与原文保持一致，表现为上下文衔接自然，前后情节互相照应。
1．心理/情绪描写
I immediately picture/imagine him walking through the door，wearing a shining smile.
我立刻想象出他面带微笑穿过门的样子。
Most days I hope that maybe he will turn up at my doorstep one day.
大多数时候，我都希望他有一天会出现在我的门口。
He was determined to tell people the truth，but no one could hear his voice.
他决心告诉人们真相，但是没有人能听到他的声音。
I couldn’t restrain my inner joy and jumped into the house.
我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。
The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
A smile of understanding flashed across his face.
他脸上露出了会心的微笑。
As he looked at Katherine，great sorrow clouded his eyes.
他看着凯瑟琳，满眼忧伤。
2．动作描写
Stunned，I stood up and gave her an awkward hug/hugged her in an awkward way.
我惊呆了，站起来尴尬地拥抱了她。
Speechless，she smiled radiantly and gathered her son into her arms.
她说不出话来，把儿子一把揽入怀中，脸上洋溢着动人的光彩。
Wanting to appear agreeable，I bent down，picked up the ball and，eyes half-shut，threw it back as hard as I could.
我想显得和和气气，便弯下腰捡起球，半闭着眼睛，用尽全力把它扔了回去。
He hung/dropped/lowered/bent/bowed his head in shame.
他羞愧地低下了头。
She begins dancing，kicking her legs high in the air.
她开始跳舞，做了空中高踢腿动作。
3．环境描写
The clouds had spread and nearly covered the entire sky.
云彩扩散开来，几乎遮住了整个天空。
The sun was now high in the southern sky.
太阳正高挂在南边的天空上。
The clouds covered the sun，and the breeze became cold.
云层遮住了太阳，微风有了些凉意。
The mist melted rapidly in the morning sun.
在早晨的阳光下，薄雾涣然消散了。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Hey！” the voice called from behind me.“Are you a girl or a duck？” I ignored the comments because I knew they were from the mean(刻薄的) girl，Betsy.I ran to my class，causing my slight limp(跛行) to become even more obvious.Already，I could see that things would be different here.At my old school，I had a group of friends to protect me.However，in this new school，I was on my own.I took my seat in the first row of desks and I was grateful for alphabetic(按字母顺序的) seating.My last name came at the beginning of the alphabet and Betsy’s last name came at the end of it.As the weeks went on，though，I made friends with two girls named Fran and Lisa who sat near me in class.Whenever Betsy made one of her remarks，they told me to ignore her.
Still，I hated that I didn’t walk like everyone else.I was not able to run as fast or as straight as the other kids and I was picked last for teams in PE class.Mostly，though，I really hated it when people like Betsy made negative comments on how I walked.
One day，our teacher asked us to change seats.“Class，” our teacher addressed us one morning，“you’ve been in the same seats for a full semester and you’ve become friendly with the students around you.Now it’s time to change seats and make some new friends.” The class let out a collective moan(抱怨)．As she assigned the new seating，Fran，Lisa and I looked at each other and we didn’t want to be separated.And we especially didn’t want to sit anywhere near Betsy.Finally，Betsy sat directly behind me.
I knew this wasn’t going to be good and I soon discovered I was right.Betsy often leaned into my back，“Quack，quack(嘎嘎)！” When I ignored her，she kicked my seat.When that didn’t work，she poked me.This went on daily until one morning I simply refused to go to school.I told Mum what had happened at school.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
My mother sat me down and began to talk.
Then one day I did what my mother taught me and amazing things happened.
第一步 初读获取基本信息
阅读获取文章六要素：who when where what why how
Who？I，Betsy，my friends，my mother，teacher，classmates
When？one day when I was at school
Where？classroom
What？Betsy made rude comments on me and treated me badly at school；I began to hate school and told my mom what had happened.
★两段续写都应是记叙文(体裁)，人称是第一人称，时态为一般过去时。
第二步 再读获取情节发展线索
再读深度理解文章，获取文章大意，提取文章细节，获取详尽背景材料，为正确构思铺路。
Everything was 1.different at the new school and I had to face the challenges 2.on my own.A 3.mean girl called Betsy always 4.made fun of me for my slight limp.Luckily，I sat far away from her and made two good friends.One day，we changed the seats and Betsy sat 5.behind me.She bullied(欺负) me more and more.I began to 6. hate school and refused to go to school and I told my mother what had 7.happened at school.
第三步 预测故事，构思情节
紧密承接原文结尾句，注意续写两段之间的衔接。根据每段首句内容，设计问题，构思情节。
Para.1：
Q1：What did my mother teach me
Q2：What was my feeling
Q3：What would I decide to do
妈妈的教导→(change the way you handle those mean people；be kind to others...)→我的反应与想法(surprised；astonished；shake one’s head；disbelief...) →我决定借机尝试妈妈的建议。
Para.2：
Q1：What happened one day？(Design a plot to solve the problem)
Q2：How did I apply my mother’s advice to practice(实践)
Q3：What amazing things happened at last
采纳妈妈的建议(in trouble；offer help；give a hand)→取得成效(moved；become friends)→主旨升华(It is not what happened to you，but how you react to it that matters.)
第四步 组织语言，加工润色
参考范文
My mother sat me down and began to talk.“Look，” she held my hand，“there will always be mean people like Betsy in this world.That is hard to change.But you can change the way you handle them.Have you ever heard of the saying，‘Treat them with kindness.’？” I shook my head.What she said really made me at a loss.“It’s simple.Just show your kindness to the girl now and then.If she drops her pen，pick it up and hand it to her.Things like that.Just be nice to her.”
Then one day I did what my mother taught me and amazing things happened.Our teacher announced seriously that there would be an exam the next morning.As Betsy was not good at study，I offered to help her review.Betsy was surprised but grateful.She said shyly，“You’re so nice.I truly regret making those rude remarks on you.Can we be friends？” I was glad that I had followed my mum’s advice.It was just what I needed，and probably just what Betsy needed，too.Therefore，it is not what happened to you，but how you react to it that matters.
