专题五 介词和介词短语
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考纲要求 介词和介词短语
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值
介词辨析
2012 28 时间介词 in/on/to/by 1分
2011 49 with表方式 above/with/under/for 1分
固定搭配
2014 28 固定搭配 at/as/for/with 1分
2013 28 固定搭配 in/at/on/for 1分
2012 54 介词短语 at last/at most/at__first/at least 1分
2011
29 固定搭配 off/from/of/for 1分
53 介词短语 on the front/on the back/on the left/on__the__right 1分
介词是河北中考单项选择的必考点,主要考查介词的固定搭配,如:write with(用……写),at age+数字(在……岁时),be different from(不同于……)。同时也注重on的基本用法,如:on表时间、方位、方向等,同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析,如in,at,for,to,by,of等。设题形式多为简单句,以两个分句居多,词数为9~12。
另外,完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析,如:with表伴随,from表来源,like表列举,同时涉及其他介词的辨析,如above,under,for,into,of等。此外,也涉及到了介词的固定搭配,如:on the right(在右边),think about(考虑)等。
预计2016年河北中考的单项选择仍会与2015保持一致,对介词考查不会有太大变化。
河北中考重难点突破
介词
【考点抢测】
( )1.—Maybe you should call him up.
—But I don't want to talk with him ______ the phone.
A.on B.at C.in D.with
( )2.In America,people start celebrating the New Year ________ December 31st.
A.in B.at C.on D.for
( )3.Lisa was born on May 1st,and my birthday is also ________ that month.
A.over B.in C.on D.at
( )4.(2015张家口9中模拟)Most of my classmates go to school ______ bike.
A.at B.by C.on D.in
( )5.________ the book,the teacher comes into the classroom.
A.With B.At C.On D.In
( )6.Before the bridge was built ________ the river,the villagers had to take a boat to the other side
A.in B.beside
C.across D.along
【满分点拨】
一、时间介词的辨析和用法
1.in,on,at
介词 用法 举例
at
时间的某一时刻,即:具体的“点”。 at half past ten在十点半at one o'clock在一点
某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)。 at Christmas在圣诞节at the Spring Festival在春节
习惯用法和固定搭配。 at last在最后at first起初at lunch在午饭时间at noon在中午at night在晚上at the age of在……岁时at the end of在……最后
on
表示具体的某日(月份或星期)。 on September 1st 在9月1号on Mondays/weekdays在星期一/工作日
表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上。 on Saturday morning/after noon在周六早上/下午;on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨
具体(限定)的日子或节日的当天。 on National Day在国庆节on Christmas Day在圣诞节
in
较长的一段时间(如:世纪、年代、季节、月份等)。 in the 21century在21世纪in2009在2009年in summer在夏季in July of 2015在2015年7月
泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等。 in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天
习惯搭配。 in the future在将来in the end最后in class在课堂上in a minute一分钟后
口诀记忆
年月周前要用in,具体日子却不行;
遇到几号要用on,上午下午又用in;
要说某日上下午,用on替换in才行;
午夜黄昏和黎明,只用at不用in,at也在时分前。
2.in,after,before
介词 用法 举例
in “in+时间段”表示“(将来)……以后”。 They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
after
与将来时连用表示“……之后”,后接时间点。 He'll come back after two o'clock.他两点后将回来。
与过去时连用表示“……之后”,后接时间段。 He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。
before 表示“在……之前”。 Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。
二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法
1.at,on,in
介词 用法 例句
at
用于较小的场所前(如:建筑物,公共机关等)。 at home在家at the station在车站
用于门牌号码前。 at 403 Avenue Street在403林荫街道
in
用于较大的地方前(如:国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)。 in the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国
在周围的环境是立体的地方(即:)。 in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里
用于某些习语中。 in the sky在天空上in space在空间
on
与……表面相接触(即:)。 on the floor在地板上
在任何广阔的面上。 on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上
2.over,above,under,below
介词 用法 图示 例句
over “在……正上方”,表示两者不接触。 We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
under “在……正下方”,表示两者不接触。 My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
above “在……的上方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直。 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
below “在……的下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直。 The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。
三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法
介词 用法 例句
with 后跟具体的工具,与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,指“借助于,用”,后面跟人称代词时表示“和……一起”,表示伴随状况,在句中做状语。此外,with还可以表示“带有,具有”。 I often do my h ome work with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。
in 表示使用某种语言,用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料,在名词前不加冠词。 Can you say it in English?你能用英语说吗?Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。
by 表示某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词。 This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。
on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器,在名词前一般加冠词the。 I could do all my work on the co mputer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。
四、其他常见介词的用法
1.over“遍及;超过”如:
There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。
My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。
2.against“反对”如:
We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。
3.into“在……里”如:
Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。
4.from“从……”如:
We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。
5.for“为,给”如:
Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
6.of“……的”如:
a map of China一幅中国地图
7.without“没有”如:
He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。
8.to“给,对,到,往”如:
go to school上学;give a kite to me把风筝给我;from here to the park从这里到公园
介词短语
【考点抢测】
( )1.Welcome to our school,ladies and gentlemen.________ start with,I'd like to introduce myself.
A.To B.At C.With D.On
( )2.The man tried several times to start the car,and he succeeded ________ the end.
A.at B.in C.on D.by
( )3.David suddenly felt nervous.________ all,it was his first time to go on stage.
A.At B.After C.By D.In
( )4.The charity provides homeless people ________ food and clothes.
A.with B.for C.as D.to
( )5.Hearing from this good news,her eyes are filled ________ tears.
A.on B.at C.with D.in
( )6.The coat is made ________ animal's fur.That is cruel.
A.of B.for C.from D.in
【满分点拨】
介词+名词 at home在家里;at school在学校;at noon在中午;at night在晚上;at work在工作;at sea在大海上;at the same time同时;at times有时;at breakfast早餐时;at midnight在午夜;at the moment在此刻;after a while过了一会by bus乘公共汽车;by the way顺便说;by the time到……时候;by turns轮流;by mistake错误地;by the door在门口in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院;in the end最后;in order整整齐齐;in order to以便;in no time很快就……;in the daytime在白天;in turn轮流;in time及时;in front在前方;in English用英语;in the future将来的某个时刻;in future(整个)将来;in fact事实上on the way在路上;on Sunday在星期天;on show展出;on display陈列;on fire着火;on duty值日;on the other hand另一方面on foot步行;on business出差;on board在船(飞机)上;on holiday在休假;on the telephone在接(打)电话;on time准时;on the left/right在左边/右边;on sale在出售;on watch值班;on the earth在地球上with pleasure很乐意;with one's help在某人的帮助下
be+形容词+介词 be amazed at对……感到惊讶;be angry with生(某人的)气;be afraid of害怕;be busy with忙于做……;be good at擅长于;be full of充满be excited about对……感到兴奋;be kind to对……和善;be interested in对……感兴趣be famous for因……而著名;be late for迟到;be popular with受……欢迎be pleased with对……感到满意;be proud of对……感到骄傲;be ready for为……准备好;be satisfied with对……满意;be worried about为……担心
动词+介词 agree with同意;ask for请求;begin with以……开始;come from出生,来自;call at探访die of死于;get on/off上车/下车;fill…with用……装;fall off从……落下hear from收到(某人)的信;hear of听说;look at看;go to bed去睡觉;go to school去上学;look for寻找;look after照顾listen to听……讲话;pay for付钱;point to指向;point at指着;send for派人去叫;run across碰到;talk about谈论;think about考虑;wait for等候;write to写信给……;worry about担心laugh at嘲笑;fall behind落在……后面;knock at敲
介词+名词+介词 at the foot of在……脚下;on the top of在……顶端;in the middle of在……中间;in the front of在……前面;in the east of在……东部by means of借助;at the beginning of起初;by the end of到……为止;at the age of在……岁时;at the head of在……前头
河北中考考点精练
( )1.(2015南京中考)In the picture,the chair is________ the table.
A.under B.on C.above D.beside
( )2.(2015重庆中考A卷)A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal ________ April 25th,2015.
A.on B.in C.at D.from
( )3.(2015潍坊中考)You must be careful when you swim________ the lake.
A.across B.below
C.over D.through
( )4.(2015安徽中考)The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ________ four days.
A.after B.for C.during D.in
( )5.(2015连云港中考)It is great________ us to get so many favorite books on International Children's Book Day.
A.to B.with C.of D.for
( )6.(2015临沂中考)For many Western people,they drink cold water even________ winter.
A.on B.for C.at D.in
( )7.(2015资阳中考)When I got into the room,Green was talking ________ the phone.
A.on B.with C.to D.in
( )8.(2015保定8中模拟)This photo reminded the old man ________ the days when he was young.
A.with B.for C.by D.of
( )9.(2015宜昌中考)—Many teenagers put mobile gaming ________ other things and spend too much time on it.
—That's really bad.
A.up to B.as for
C.ahead of D.along with
( )10.(2015抚顺中考)It's impolite for a guest to leave________ saying goodbye.
A.with B.without
C.after D.for
( )11.(2015石家庄20中模拟)The traffic accident happened ________ Saturday. Luckily,no one was hurt.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
( )12.(2015衡水三模)Kamin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal,________ a bird on his head.
A.from B.into C.about D.with
( )13.(2015保定二模)The bird's singing came into our room ________ the window and woke me up in the early morning.
A.down B.from
C.through D.across
( )14.(2015张家口中考模拟)Healthy eating ________ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.
A.less than B.instead of
C.such as D.together with
( )15.(2015保定实验中学模拟)We'll play basketball ________ Class 3 tomorrow.
A.over B.against
C.to D.for
( )16.(2016原创预测)________ our surprise.MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8,2014.
A.With B.In C.To D.By
( )17.(2015承德2中模拟)The blind man walked across the street ________ the help of a boy.
A.by B.at C.in D.with
( )18.(2016原创预测)Some workers in that factory have to work ________ night.
A.at B.for C.with D.among
( )19.(2016原创预测)Everyone wants to win.But ________ me,the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A.as for B.thanks to
C.instead of D.such as
( )20.(2016原创预测)Mr.Green's office is ________ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.
A.at B.in C.on D.for