2016中考命题研究英语（河北人教版）语法专题突破：专题十四复合句

专题十四　复合句
宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值
宾语从句
2015 40 how they are playing/what__they__are__doing /where they are going/why they are practicing 1分
2014 45 引导词和语意 where you buy the tickets/why you like to go there/if__you'd__like__to__come__along/when you watch the match 1分
2013 44
2012 45 引导词和时态
what it is/what it was/where__it__is/where it was 1分
what__they__say/what they said/which they say/which they said 1分
2011 45 时态和语序 when__she__will__come__back/when she came back/when will she come back/when did she come back 1分
定语从句 2011 43 who指代人 who/whom/whose/which 1分
　　宾语从句为河北近5年中考的必考点。单项选择题对宾语从句的考查侧重其引导词、语序、时态，一般都会涉及至少两个考查点。主要表现在三方面：①语序正确，但引导词和时态不同；②引导词相同，但语序和时态不同；③时态一致，但引导词和语序不同。语句设置多为2个单句，词数为13～14。而且宾语从句通常会出现一些固定的词语，如：I wonder…，Can you tell me…，I didn't understand…等。
定语从句在2012年之前为单项选择的必考点，但2012年之后考纲明确规定单选中不再涉及对定语从句的考查，而是在语篇阅读中渗透对定语从句的考点。
预测2016年河北中考的单项选择必定会出现一道题来考查宾语从句，至少涉及两个考查点。
河北中考重难点突破
　宾语从句
【考点抢测】
1．he，more，math，is，than，difficult，English，think
________________________________________________________________________.
2．know，rain，whether，evening，I，it，this，don't
________________________________________________________________________.
3．very，think，your，I，is，nice，dress
________________________________________________________________________.
4．know，I，to，if，come，he，tomorrow，want
________________________________________________________________________.
(　　)5.—Could you tell me________？
—By searching the Internet.
A．how you got the information
B．why you got the information
C．how did you get the information
D．why did you get the information
(　　)6.I don't know ________ coffee.
A．what she is so crazy about
B．what is she so crazy about
C．why she is so crazy about
D．why is she so crazy about
(　　)7.Could you please tell me ________？I have something important to tell him.
A．where is Sam B．where Sam is
C．what is Sam D．what Sam is
(　　)8.My pen pal from America is coming to visit me.I'm thinking about ________.
A．how I gave her a surprise
B．how I will give her a surprise
C．whether I planned a trip for her
D．whether I will plan a trip for her
【满分点拨】
宾语从句 构成规则 例句
连接词 1.that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略2．what，when，where，how，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑问词作连接词3．当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示“是否” Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎样去学校的。
语序 从句一律用陈述语序，即主语＋谓语 Do you know where Tom lives？你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？
时态
1.主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态 I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我听说乔昨天去北京了。I hear Joe will leave for Beijing.我听说乔要去北京了。
2.主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凯特说昨天这个时间她在看电视。Kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她马上去学校。
3.从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
注意：在介词之后，动词不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether，不用if。如：I can't decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能决定是否买这辆自行车。
　状语从句
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.(2015石家庄40中模拟)—When will your aunt leave for Shanghai
—I don't know，but I'll call you as soon as she ________.
A．leaves B．will leave
C．left D．leave
(　　)2.Betty will ring me up when she ________ in Shanghai.
A．arrive B．arrives
C．arrived D．will arrive
(　　)3.My brother will travel around the world if he ________ lots of money.
A．has　　B．have　　C．had　　D．having
(　　)4.Some of the students are near sighted ________ they spend too much time watching TV or playing online games.
A．when B．though
C．because D．unless
(　　)5.You'd better look up the new word in a dictionary ________ you don't know it.
A．if B．that
C．though D．whether
(　　)6.I won't take part in Jack's birthday party ________ I am invited.
A．unless　 B．after　 C．because　 D．if
【满分点拨】
河北中考对状语从句的考查一般都会和从属连词相结合，主要为在状语从句中考查从属连词的运用与辨析。学生对此部分的学习可与专题五结合。具体用法如下：
状语从句的分类 从句的引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as(当……时)，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，since(自从)，not…until(直到……才)，as soon as(一……就) I was doing my home work when my mother came in.当我妈妈进来的时候，我正在写作业。He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。
条件状语从句 if(如果)，as long as(只要)，unless(除非) Unless bad weather stops me，I go for a walk every day.我每天都会去散步，除非遇上坏天气。
原因状语从句 because(因为)，since(既然)，as(由于) I like to eat apples because it's good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果，因为它对我的健康有益。Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.既然每个人都在这儿，我们开始开会吧。
目的状语从句 so that(以便，为了)，in order that(为了) He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the bus.他每天早上起得都很早，以便能赶上公交车。
结果状语从句 so that(结果是)，so…that/such…that(如此……以至于) It's so hot that nobody wants to go out.天太热，以至于没人想出去。
让步状语从句 though/although(尽管，虽然)，even if(即使)，whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whenever(无论何时) Wherever you go，I will go with you.无论你去哪儿，我都跟着你。Whenever you come，I will wait for you.无论你什么时候来，我都会等你。
比较状语从句 than(比……)，as…as(和……一样)，not as/so…as(不如……) He is as tall as Tom.他和汤姆一样高。
地点状语从句 where(……的地方)，wherever(无论哪里) Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。
注意：英语中有些时间和条件状语从句必须遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为一般将来时态时，它所引导的状语从句使用一般现在时表达将来的意思，这时主句和从句所表达的时态在意义上仍然保持一致。
常见的应使用“主将从现”原则的连词有：表示时间的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，as long as，once等；表示条件的if，unless，so long as，in case等。
　定语从句
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.I can never forget the stories ________ my grandma told me.
A．what B．who
C．them D．that
(　　)2.The designers ________ helped us build the library are from the UK.
A．which B．whom
C．who D．whose
(　　)3.The school and teachers ________ he loves so much often come into his dreams.
A．that B．who
C．which D．whom
(　　)4.I will never forget the days during ________ I lived with my closest friend.
A．that B．which
C．who D．when
(　　)5.That is the girl from ________ you borrowed the book yesterday.
A．whom B．whose
C．that D．who
【满分点拨】
关系词 功能 先行词 例句
that，who 主语、宾语、表语
whom，that 宾语 人、物
Do you know the girl who/that often comes here？你认识经常来这儿的那个女孩吗？
He's the boy(whom/that) I talked with just now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。
that，which 主语、宾语、表语
事、物 A dictionary is a book that/which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
时间 I'll never forget the days(that/which) we spent together.我将永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。
地点 The school(that/which) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai.昨天我们参观的那个学校是上海的一所名校。
注意：定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。如：
Is there anything that I can do for you？我能为你做点什么吗？
(2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that”。如：
Tom told her mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词是被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。如：
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。如：
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday？哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？
河北中考考点精练
(　　)1.(2015雅安中考)If Nick ________ home too late，he ________ his favorite cartoon.
A．gets；misses
B．gets；will miss
C．will get；misses
D．will get；will miss
(　　)2.(2015孝感中考)China's Got Talent is ________ interesting ________ many people like watching it.
A．too；to　　　　B．enough；to
C．so；that D．such；that
(　　)3.(2015保定8中模拟)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A．which B．who
C．whom D．what
(　　)4.(2015德州中考)—I wonder ________.
—Yes，of course.
A．where we can buy the parts
B．how often you hear from your sister
C．if I may have a word with you
D．why he arrived late yesterday
(　　)5.(2015南京中考)—I saw David in the teachers' office this morning.Do you know ________ he was there
—He went there to hand in his homework.
A．how B．whether
C．when D．why
(　　)6.(2015广安中考)—I'm sorry I'm late.
—Could you tell me ________？
A．why you are late again
B．why are you late again
C．what were you doing
D．who did you talk with
(　　)7.(2015泰安中考)—Why are you so worried
—I've lost the watch________ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A．whom B．who
C．whose D．which
(　　)8.(2015唐山9中模拟)—What did he ask just now
—He wondered ________.
A．if they would meet at the school gate
B．when would they start
C．that they would take some food
D．how they will get there
(　　)9.(2015温州中考)—Ms.Perry，can you tell me ________？—Africa.
A．what the baby giraffe likes eating
B．why the baby giraffe looks unhappy
B．when the baby giraffe was born
D．where the baby giraffe came from
(　　)10.(2015广州中考)Could you tell me ________ a moment ago
A．what were they talking about
B．what are they talking about
C．what they were talking about
D．what they are talking about
(　　)11.(2015滨州中考)—I'm going to buy a car.Any advice，Charlie
—Well，it depends on ________.If money isn't a problem，you can buy a BMW.
A．when will you buy one
B．what color do you like
C．how much you can afford
D．where you are driving
(　　)12.(2015泰安中考)—Could you please tell me ________ you will go to Hong Kong on business
—Sure.I prefer to take a plane.
A．whether B．why
C．when D．how
(　　)13.(2015重庆中考)—I'd like to know ________.
—Maybe in the forest.
A．whether we will go camping
B．where we will go camping
C．whether will we go camping
D．where will we go camping
(　　)14.(2015潍坊中考)I wonder________ the idea to Daming.He still looks angry.
A．if have you mentioned
B．what have you mentioned
C．if you have mentioned
D．what you have mentioned
(　　)15.(2015贵港中考)You'll do much better in your exam ________ you're more careful with your spelling.
A．if B．although
C．unless D．whether
(　　)16.(2015连云港中考)—Do you know________ Deng Chao is
—He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man now.
A．which B．when
C．what D．how
(　　)17.(2015临沂中考)The police wondered ________.
A．whose handbag it is
B．whose handbag it was
C．whose handbag is it
D．whose handbag was it
(　　)18.(2015内江中考)Excuse me.Could you please tell me ________？
A．how get to the Pacific Cinema
B．how I got to Pacific Cinema
C．how I can get to the Pacific Cinema
D．how should I get to the Pacific Cinema
(　　)19.(2015资阳中考)—Excuse me，madam.Could you please tell me ________ the bus arrives
—Sure.At 9：00.
A．where B．when
C．why D．how
(　　)20.(2015盐城中考)In the U．K.，a lady usually doesn't like to be asked ________.
A．whether has she got married
B．how old is she
C．where she comes from
D．how much she weighs