2016中考命题研究英语（河北人教版）语法专题突破：专题十三主谓一致与there be句型

专题十三　主谓一致与there be句型
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 分值
there be句型与主谓一致
2012 29 there be句型(there is something wrong with…) 1分
2011 28 there be句型的主谓一致和时态 1分
分析近5年河北中考真题可以看出，there be句型与主谓一致为河北中考单项选择题的常考点，而且常与时态同时考查。语句设置多为单句，词数为8～14。如：2011年28题考查there be句型的过去时；偶尔也会考查固定句型，如：2012年29题考查“There is something wrong with…”的用法。
预计2016年河北中考单项选择题会涉及一道题考查there be句型或主谓一致。
河北中考重难点突破
【考点抢测】
1．on，books，the，there，desk，some，are
________________________________________________________________________.
2．a，there，here，near，is，bookstore
________________________________________________________________________
(　　)3.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ________ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
A．is　　　　　B．am　　　　　C．was　　　　　D．are
(　　)4.Some funny cartoon pictures ________ on the wall of my bedroom.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
(　　)5.Not only my father but also my grandpa ________ flying to Singapore this weekend.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
(　　)6.There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there is nothing on it.
A．have B．was
C．were D．had
(　　)7.There ________ a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes.
A．is going to be B．is going to have
C．will have D．will hold
(　　)8.David，there ________ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.
A．is　　B．are　　C．have　　D．has
【满分点拨】
一、语法一致原则
使用情况 例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our duty.Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.
and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.The writer and teacher is coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.
both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack's glasses are broken.Linda's shoes are black and blue.
“a number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
不定代词another，each one，either，neither，the other，somebody，someone，something，nobody，every body，everyone，everyth ing，nothing，anybody，any thing，anyone，no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here Something is wrong with my computer.I called you last night，but nobody was in.
主语后面跟with，along with，like，except，besides，as well as，together with，including，no less than，rather than，as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。 Mei Mei，with her parents，often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher，together with some students，is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。 This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.
“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，most of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.
　　注意：(1)what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。
(2)and连接并列主语，若前面有each，every，many a，no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
二、意义一致原则
使用情况 例句
有些集体名词如crowd，family，team，group，govern ment，class，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定；若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。 His family isn't large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.
有些集合名词如people，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，means，works，physics，politics，maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really difficult for me.
“the＋某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(of)，plenty(of)，the rest(of)，(a) part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
　　注意：(1)某些以 s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。
(2)none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：
None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。
None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
(3)“all/most/half/the rest of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：
Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。
三、就近一致原则
使用情况 例句
由or，either…or…，nor，neither … nor…，whether…or…，not…but…，not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Here are some books and paper for you.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
四、there be句型
1．“there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时，be一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。
2．“there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。
3．若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。
注意：there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：
There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。
There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。
河北中考考点精练
(　　)1.(2015保定8中模拟)Everybody except Mike and Linda ________there when the meeting began.
A．is　　 B．are　　 C．was　　 D．were
(　　)2.(2015呼和浩特中考)Neither the headm aster nor the teachers ________ take a vacation next week.
A．were going to B．is going to
C．was going to D．are going to
(　　)3.(2015南充中考)The number of the volunteers ________ 100 now.And a small number of them ________ already gone to the workplace.
A．is；have B．are；have
C．is；are D．is；has
(　　)4.(2015重庆中考)—How many people are there in your group
—Four.Three boys ________ in our group.
A．is B．are C．were D．was
(　　)5.(2015承德2中模拟)For kids of this age，two hours of sitting in a classroom ________ too long.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
(　　)6.(2015遂宁中考改编)There ________ a card on the teacher's desk five minutes ago，but now it is gone.
A．have B．is C．was D．are
(　　)7.(2015安顺中考)—They go to school early in the morning.—________
A．So do Tom. B．So Tom do.
C．So does Tom. D．So Tom does.
(　　)8.(2015新疆中考)There ________ some milk and apples in the fridge.
A．has B．have C．is D．are
(　　)9.(2015无锡中考)—What language is that guy speaking I can hardly catch a single word!
—________.He's from India，so I guess it is Hindi.
A．Neither I can B．Neither can I
C．So I can D．So can I
(　　)10.(2015雅安中考)There ________ a bag and some books on the desk just now.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
(　　)11.(2015黔西南中考)—Tom didn't go for a picnic yesterday.
—________.
A．So did I B．So I did
C．Neither did I D．Neither I did
(　　)12.(2015六盘水中考)Neither Tony nor I
________ interested in playing Weibo.
A．am B．is
C．are D．be