2016中考命题研究英语(河北人教版)语法专题突破:专题十二句子种类

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名称 2016中考命题研究英语(河北人教版)语法专题突破:专题十二句子种类
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专题十二 句子种类
基本句型、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句与倒装句
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考纲要求 句子种类:1.陈述句 2.疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句) 3.祈使句 4.感叹句基本句型:1.主语+系动词+表语 2.主语+不及物动词 3.主语+及物动词+宾语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语6.there be句型
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 分值
how词组 2012 32 how词组辨析(how many/how__much/how long/how often) 1分
感叹句
2013 32 What a/an+adj.+n. 1分
2011 39 How+adj.+主语+谓语 1分
疑问词 2011 46 疑问词辨析(how/when/why/where) 1分
  简单句是河北中考单项选择的必考点。感叹句是轮考点,语句设置均为2个单句,词数为7~11。另外,连词成句题也会涉及感叹句的考查,且单项选择和连词成句中不会同时出现对感叹句的考查。在连词成句中,感叹句一般都会和祈使句轮流考查,不会同时出现。
how词组在单项选择中是偶考点,5年单项选择中考了2次。题型设置均为对话形式,词数为10~11。连词成句中也偶尔会涉及how词组的运用,多为其引导的疑问句。
预计2016年河北中考单项选择考查how词组的可能性最大。连词成句中考查感叹句的可能性极强。
河北中考重难点突破
句子
 基本句型
【考点抢测】
1.good,the,sounds,advice
________________________________________________________________________.
2.a,cold,he,had,yesterday
________________________________________________________________________.
3.use,how,him,to,I,taught,computers
________________________________________________________________________.
4.pens,those,she,pass,black,please
________________________________________________________________________.
5.he,days,three,leave,here,in
________________________________________________________________________.
【满分点拨】
河北中考对五大基本句型结构的考查主要体现在连词成句和书面表达题型中。所以学生对这五大基本句型要熟练掌握并运用。
句型结构 例句
主语+系动词+表语 The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。The hat looks nice on you!你戴这顶帽子真好看!
主语+不及物动词 He swims in the river every summer.他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳!
主语+及物动词+宾语 Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示她的照片。
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们保持教室干净整洁。
 疑问句
【考点抢测】
1.does,a,have,he,sister
________________________________________________________________________
2.like,us,would,tomorrow,to,you,join
________________________________________________________________________
3.happened,what,you,to
________________________________________________________________________
4.do,for,school,what,did,your,you
________________________________________________________________________
(  )5.—________ do you go to the cinema
—Once a month.
A.How long      B.How far
C.How often D.How much
(  )6.________ do you prefer to use to keep in touch with your friends,QQ or MSN
A.Which B.How C.Where  D.Why
【满分点拨】
1.疑问句的分类
河北近5年中考对疑问句的考查主要为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,且对疑问句的考查方式侧重于连词成句。单项选择中对特殊疑问句的考查主要为how 词组辨析。
2.一般疑问句的用法
分类 概念 形式
一般疑问句 用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
Be+主语+其他?情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
助动词+主语+动词原形/过去分词+其他?
如:—Is she from England?她来自英格兰吗?
—Yes,she is.是的,她是。
—Must I finish the report today?我必须今天完成报告吗?
—Yes,you must.是的,你必须。
Did she like to dance when she was young?她小时候喜欢跳舞吗?
Have you been to Tibet?你去过西藏吗?
3.特殊疑问句的用法
分类 概念 形式
特殊疑问句 以疑问词开头的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。
who询问身份
which询问特定的人或物
what询问职业或身份
when询问时间
where询问地点、位置
why询问原因
how询问方式
如:Who is the girl over there?那边的女孩是谁?
Which color would you prefer,red or yellow?你更喜欢哪种颜色,红色还是黄色?
What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大了将从事什么工作?
When did you go to Shanghai last time?你上次去上海是什么时候?
Where can I get the ticket for the show?我在哪儿可以买到这场表演的票?
Why are you late for the meeting?你为什么开会迟到了?
How do you get to school every day?你每天怎样去上学?
中考常考查的how疑问词组用法辨析
疑问词 含义 用法
how many 多少 提问数量,后跟可数名词复数
how much 多少 提问数量,后跟不可数名词;提问价格,动词随主语而变
how often 多久一次 提问频率
how long 多长 提问持续的时间,答语用“for+一段时间”或“since+过去时间点”
how soon 多久 提问将来时间,答语用“in+一段时间”
how far 多远 提问距离
how old 多大 提问年龄
备注:反意疑问句和选择疑问句也是疑问句的两大类,因河北中考不涉及此考点,所以不作讲解。
 感叹句
【考点抢测】
1.a,we,yesterday,had,time,what,wonderful
________________________________________________________________________!
2.today,how,weather,is,the,fine
________________________________________________________________________!
(  )3.________ wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!
A.How     B.What
C.What a D.What an
(  )4.Wow!________ beautiful Chengde is!
A.How B.What
C.What a D.How a
【满分点拨】
引导词 结构 例句 如何判定
what
how
What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! What a beautiful present it is!多么漂亮的一件礼物啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊!What nice music it is!很美妙的音乐!
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How fine the wea ther is!天气真好!
How+形容词+a/an+单数名词! How beautiful a present!很漂亮的礼物! 由a,an开头的多用what;形容词直接加名词的,多用how
 感叹句用法口诀
感叹句,表情感,how,what放句前。
名词词组跟what,how与形副紧相连。
为了句子更简洁,主谓部分也可略。
 祈使句与倒装句
【考点抢测】
1.those,books,please,me,pass
________________________________________________________________________.
2.fridge,these,into,please,the,tomatoes,put
________________________________________________________________________.
3.mistake,same,make,again,the,don't
________________________________________________________________________.
(  )4.(2015唐山9中模拟)Boys and girls,________ in the river.It's not safe.
A.don't swim      B.to swim
C.swim D.not swim
(  )5.________ harder,and you'll make your dream come true one day.
A.Studying B.To study
C.Study D.Studied
【满分点拨】
祈使句表示命令,请求,建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
1.祈使句
祈使句句式 肯定形式 否定形式
(Please)+动词原形+其他
Please listen to me carefully.请认真听我讲。 Please don't read in the sun.不要在太阳下读书。
Put away your th ings.把你的东西收起来。 Don't open the win dow.不要打开窗子。
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let's have another try.让我们再试试。 Don't let him go there alone.不要让他独自去那儿。
No+名词/动名词 NO PHOTOS!禁止照相!NO PARKING!禁止停车!
  注意:(1)应答祈使句时要用将来时。如:—Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day.请记住每天带着狗出去散步。—Yes,I will.是的,我会的。
(2)掌握“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构。如:Work harder,and you'll get good grades.更加努力,你就会取得好成绩。
2.倒装句
so引导的倒装句
(1)完全倒装:so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语。该倒装句的意思是“某某也一样”,上下句中是不同的两个人或物,但发生同样的行为或状况,是表示肯定的倒装。如:Li Hua failed in this English exam,so did I.李华英语考试不及格,我也没及格。
(2)易混句式:so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词,意为“确实是……”。该句式表示的是对前面所说的事实加以肯定,上下句中是相同的人或物。如:
—Lucy dances very well.露西舞跳得很好。
—So she does.的确如此。
neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语。该倒装句的意思是“某某也不怎么样”,上下句中是不同的两个人或物,他们的行为或状况一样,是表示否定的倒装。如:He wasn't late for school,neither/nor was I.他上学没迟到,我也没有。
注意:(1)和(2)两种倒装句结构中的助动词、系动词或情态动词在形式上与前面的谓语动词保持一致,但由它们的主语决定单复数形式。
以here,there,out,in,down,up,away,now,then等副词开头也构成倒装句,用两种形式:
(1)副词+动词+名词(完全倒装)
(2)副词+代词+动词(部分倒装)
注意:谓语动词由它们后面的名词或代词决定单复数形式。如:Here are some books.有一些书。Here you are.给你。
河北中考考点精练
(  )1.(2015广州中考)—________will the invita tions be sent to our guests
—In three days.
A.How often    B.How soon
C.How long D.How far
(  )2.(2015重庆中考)—________ did you work out the problem in such a short time
—With Mr.Li's help.
A.When B.Where
C.How D.Which
(  )3.(2015凉山中考)—The news reported that the rainstorm was in the area last night.
—Yes.________ bad weather it was!
A.What a B.How a
C.What D.How
(  )4.(2015盐城中考)Daniel,________ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.
A.don't B.doesn't
C.won't D.can't
(  )5.(2015济宁中考)—Wow! ________ beaut iful the music is!
—Yes.That's my favorite.
A.What B.What a
C.What an D.How
(  )6.(2015安顺中考)—Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
—Wow!________ beautiful music! I like it very much.
A.What B.How a
C.What a D.How
(  )7.(2015安徽中考)—________ is your father Does he still work as an engineer
—Yes,he has been an engineer for thirty years.
A.Who B.How
C.What D.Which
(  )8.(2015济南中考)—Is the car new or old
—________.I bought it only three days ago.
A.Yes,it is B.It's new
C.No,it isn't D.It's old
(  )9.(2015龙东中考改编)He has never been to Beijing,________
A.hasn't he B.has he
C.doesn't be D.is he
(  )10.(2015保定8中模拟)________ kind and helpful to the people around us,and we will make the world a nice place to live in.
A.Be B.Being
C.To be D.Been
(  )11.(2015随州中考)His robot can help me sweep
the floor.________ smart invention it is!
A.What B.What a
C.What an D.How
(  )12.(2015长春中考)________ along the street,and you can find the hotel on your right,next to the market.
A.Walk B.To walk
C.Walks D.Walking
(  )13.(2015东营中考)—________ is it from your new neighborhood to Dongying Lotus(雪莲) Theatre
—About twenty minutes' ride.
A.How far B.How long
C.How much D.How soon
(  )14.(2015云南中考)________ useful robot! It can help with the housework like a human servant.
A.How B.What an
C.How a D.What a
(  )15.(2015石家庄42中模拟) ________ exciting news it is!
A.What B.What an
C.How D.How an