2016中考命题研究英语（河北人教版）语法专题突破：专题三冠词

专题三　冠词
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值
不定冠词
2014 26 不定冠词a用在固定搭配中 a/an/the/不填 1分
2012 26 不定冠词a表泛指用在固定搭配中 a/an/the/不填 1分
定冠词
2015 26 定冠词表特指 a/an/the/不填 1分
2013 26 定冠词the表特指 a/an/the/不填 1分
2011 26 the用在乐器名词前 a/an/the/不填 1分
　　分析近5年河北中考单项选择对冠词的考查可以看出，冠词是河北每年中考的必考点。其主要表现为对定冠词和不定冠词的轮考，以冠词基本用法为主，也涉及定冠词的特殊用法。考点可分以下三类：(1)定冠词the：考查次数最多，且隔年考一次，是高频考点。(2)不定冠词an：通常考查与元音音素开头的单词连用，如：an amazing singer(一名出色的歌手)；an engineer(一名工程师)。(3)不定冠词a：通常考查表泛指的基本用法或者固定搭配，如：a circle(一个圈)，take a photo(拍照)。设题形式多为简单句，一个短句或两个单句的形式均有，词数为9～11词。预计2016年河北中考会考查定冠词the的基本用法。
河北中考重难点突破
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.Kobe Brain is ________ good basketball player in the NBA.
A．a　　　B．an　　C．the　　D．不填
(　　)2.Put on more clothes，or you will catch ____ cold.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
(　　)3.He has been ________ honest man in his life.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
(　　)4.There is ________“M” in the word MP3.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
(　　)5.Does he need ________ operation at once，doctor
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
(　　)6.Can you see ________ sun at night with a telescope
A．a B．the C．an D．不填
(　　)7.Helen's sister is ________ girl in blue.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
(　　)8.It's just a short distance from here to ____ restaurant.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
(　　)9.Perhaps the famous football star won't play ________ football any longer.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
【满分点拨】
一、不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。下表是常见的以元音音素开头的单词用a、an的各种情况：
A a an apple/an artist/an aunt/an Asian country/an American girl
E e a European country/an egg/an eight year old boy/an 11 year old boy
I i an idea/an interesting story
O o an orange/an old man/an outgoing girl
U u a useful book/a university student/a UFO/a usual story/an umbrella/an ugly man/an uncle/an unusual story/an unhappy smile
特别记 不规则：an hour/an honest man，以元音音素开头的字母：an“a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x”
　　不定冠词具体用法如下：
1．在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物前。如：
This is a book.
2．泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。如：
A plane is a machine that can fly.
3．泛指某人或某物。如：
A young man is waiting for you.
4．用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
five lessons a week
5．用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。如：
There'll be a strong wind in South China.
6．用于某些固定词组中。如：
a few/little/bit一点儿；have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest＝swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息；have a cold感冒；have a good time玩得高兴；in a hurry匆忙；for a while一会儿；keep a diary写日记；do sb.a favor帮助某人
7．用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前。如：
a knife and fork一副刀叉
二、定冠词the的基本用法
1．用于双方都知道的人或事物前。如：
Give me the book，please.
2．特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。如：
Do you know the girl in red
3．表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：
The earth moves around the sun.
4．用在序数词、形容词最高级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前。如：
The first lesson is very easy.
She is the most beautiful student in that class.
5．用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩。如：
The Greens are watching TV now.
6．用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。如：
The orange is orange.
7．用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：
the Great Wall；the Summer Palace
8．与某些形容词连用表示一类人。如：
We should help the old.
9．用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前。如：
I like playing the piano.
10．用在某些固定词组中。如：
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；in the daytime在白天；in the end最后；all the time一直；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；in the open air在户外；at the age of在……岁时；at the beginning of在……开始时；on the other side of在……的另一边；in the middle of在……中间；at the moment现在，此刻
三、零冠词的用法
1．除一些特殊情况外，专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词。如：
Wisdom is better than strength.智慧胜于力量。
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2．当名词前已有this，that，his，any，every，some，no等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或所有格修饰时，不必加冠词。如：
She is my sister.她是我妹妹。
Jack's brother is a worker.杰克的哥哥是工人。
3．在与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前、固定搭配中及表示学科名称的名词前不加冠词。如：
by plane坐飞机　by boat乘船
by mistake出错　Chinese语文
4．在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不加冠词。如：
Children's Day儿童节　Monday星期一
autumn秋季　January一月
5．在一日三餐、语言、体育类等名词前不加冠词。如：
I cooked some noodles for supper.我煮了一些面条作为晚餐。
I can speak Chinese，English and French.我会讲汉语、英语和法语。
河北中考考点精练
(　　)1.(2015福州中考改编)—Do you often play ________ piano
—Yes.I want to be ________ musician like Lang Lang.
A．the；a　　　　　B．a；the
C．the；an D．the；the
(　　)2.(2015菏泽中考改编)Jane is ________ 16 year old high school student in ________ United States.
A．a；the B．the；a
C．a；/ D．the；an
(　　)3.(2015宜宾中考)The Whites have planned to visit ________ Great Wall in China.
A．the　　　B．an　　　C．a　　　D．/
(　　)4.(2015广安中考)Tom often has ________ egg and a glass of milk for ________ breakfast every day.
A．an；/　 B．an；the　 C．a；/　 D．a；the
(　　)5.(2015凉山中考)Robert is good at playing ________ piano although he is only ________11 year old boy.
A．/；the B．the；an
C．a；/ D．the；the
(　　)6.(2015温州中考)—What do you know about kite surfing
—It is ________ exciting water sport.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
(　　)7.(2015滨州中考)—Linda，have you heard ________ song Little Apple
—Is it the one Chopsticks Brothers sang last year？Maybe it's ________ most popular song in 2014.
A．a；the B．the；the
C．a；an D．the；a
(　　)8.(2015重庆中考)His uncle will give him ________ birthday present.It'll be wonderful.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
(　　)9.(2015潍坊中考)—Who is________ girl in front of the library
—The one with________ umbrella She is our monitor.
A．the；a B．the；an
C．a；an D．a；the
(　　)10.(2015连云港中考)Tong Liya is ________ famous actress who acted as a countrywoman in ________ 1970s in the TV show Ordinary World.
A．a；/ B．a；the
C．the；the D．the；/
(　　)11.(2015呼和浩特中考)—Do you know ________ boy over there
—Yes，he likes playing ________ basketball very much.
A．the；不填 B．a；the
C．a；不填 D．the；a
(　　)12.(2015内江中考)—I'm looking for ______ English book.Have you seen one
—Yes.I saw one just now on ________ desk over there.
A．不填；the B．an；the
C．the；a D．an；不填
(　　)13.(2015南充中考)This is ________ old computer.I want a new one.
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
(　　)14.(2015乐亭中考模拟)This is ________ useful ________ book，book is my brother's.
A．a；the B．an；the
C．a；an D．an；a
(　　)15.(2015石家庄40中模拟)We can live a better life if we create ________less polluted world.
A．the B．an C．a D．不填
(　　)16.(2015邯郸中考模拟)There is ________ruler，________eraser and some pens in my pencil box.
A．an；a　 B．a；an　 C．a；the　 D．the；/
(　　)17.(2015邯郸中考模拟)—What ________ heavy rain it was!
—Yes，but I love ________ air after it rains.It smells so fresh.
A．the；a B．a；the
C．the；the D．a；a
(　　)18.(2016原创预测)Miss Zhang will go to________ America for________ important meeting next month.
A．an；an B．/；an
C．/：a D．an；the
(　　)19.(2016原创预测)—You've dropped ________ “c” in the word “succeed”！
—Sorry，I forgot ________ letter “c” is doubled.
A．a；a B．a；the
C．an；the D．the；the
(　　)20.(2016原创预测)My brother Fred woke up with ________ bad headache，yet by the evening the pain had gone.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填