2016中考命题研究英语（河北人教版）语法专题突破：专题七 形容词和副词

第一节　形容词和副词辨析
考纲要求 1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)　2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)
考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值
形容词词义辨析
2015
30 thankful/careful/useful/helpful 1分
41 heavy/full/much/long 1分
78 asleep(单词拼写) 1分
2014
31 cute/strong/fast/straight 1分
47 bored/tired/pleased/surprised 1分
54 little/good/great/bad 1分
2013 47 good/bad/rich/poor 1分
2012
33 shy/friendly/crazy/healthy 1分
49 sorry/active/lucky/nervous 1分
2011 54 surprised at/interested__in/expected by/worried about 1分
形容词副词混合辨析
2013 42 quick/quickly/useful/usefully 1分
2012 42 bad/badly/clear/clearly 1分
副词词义辨析
2015 33 mainly/really/possibly/hardly 1分
2014 51 weakly/quickly/slowly/quietly 1分
2013
52 usually/ever/sometimes/never 1分
51 often/ever/seldom/never 1分
2011 51 even/only/still/ever 1分
形容词副词转换
2015 77 safe—safely 1分
2014 83 polite politely 1分
　　河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析及比较等级的考查上。
对词义辨析的考查侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。对形容词与副词混合辨析的选项设置都是同根的形容词和副词，如bad与badly，quick与quickly，hard与hardly等。题目设置均为简单句，多为两个单句，词数一般为10～13。另外，完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析，且近三年侧重一组形容词词义辨析和一组频度副词词义辨析，侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。词语运用则偏向形容词或副词的词性转换。
预计2016年河北中考的单项选择必定考查一道形容词或副词词义辨析。词语运用对此的考查可能性不大，学生必须注意区分同根形容词与其 ly结尾词的意义区分，如：bad与badly，clear与clearly等。
河北中考重难点突破
【考点抢测】
一、词语运用
1．We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so ________.(quick)
2．My uncle lost his ID card yesterday.________，a schoolboy found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.(lucky)
3．Though it was raining ________，the policeman was still standing at the crossing.(heavy)
4．Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English words ________．(correct)
5．All of us were ________ that such a little girl spoke English so well.(surprise)
6．It's cool and ________ in autumn in our hometown.(sun)
二、单项选择
(　　)7.It's ________ to find English difficult sometimes.
Don't give up
A．strange B．unusual
C．normal D．special
(　　)8.If you are full of love，you'll be ________ at finding the beautiful things in your life.
A．afraid B．angry C．good D．proud
(　　)9.There are a lot of people talking and laughing in the room and it's very ________．
A．quiet B．soft C．noisy D．lonely
(　　)10.In a green school everyone agrees to be ________ about the environment.
A．nervous B．careful
C．honest D．rude
(　　)11.It's raining ________ now.You'd better take an umbrella with you.
A．heavy B．heavily
C．strong D．strongly
(　　)12.Please be ________．There's an important meeting in the next room.
A．quickly B．quick
C．quietly D．quiet
(　　)13.I carried the bowl with both hands ________，so I wouldn't break it.
A．carefully B．happily
C．quickly D．carelessly
(　　)14.My old neighbour Charles felt ________ after his children moved out.
A．lonely B．safely C．angrily D．happily
(　　)15.My friend Frank sings well，and he is ____ good at playing guitar.
A．not B．also C．yet D．too
(　　)16.(2015邯郸11中模拟)He said he would go ________，but then he drove very fast.
A．early B．quickly
C．directly D．slowly
(　　)17.Helen was so excited at the news that she could ________ say a word.
A．ever B．almost
C．hardly D．always
【满分点拨】
一、形容词的用法及位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
1．作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：
The nice girl is my sister.
这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。
2．作表语，放在系动词之后。如：
He looks very happy.
他看起来很开心。
3．作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：
You must keep your eyes closed.
你必须闭上眼睛。
二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：
My answer is different from yours.
我的答案和你的不一样。
三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置
1．副词的作用
副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：
Sometimes we're very busy.
2．副词的构成
构成 例词
与形容词同形 low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow
形容词后直接加ly sad—sadly；polite—politely
辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加ly happy—happily；angry—angrily；busy—busily
辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y simple—simply；terrible—terribly；gentle—gently
少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly true—truly；due—duly
　　注意：(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。
(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加 ly，意义有区别。常见的有：
close adj./adv.靠近 closely adv.密切地
high adj./adv.高 highly adv.高度地
free adj./adv.免费 freely adv.自由地
late adj./adv.晚，迟 lately adv.近来
deep adj./adv.深 deeply adv.深刻/深入地
near adj./adv.邻近 nearly adv.几乎/将近
hard adj./adv.努力地 hardly adv.几乎不
most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地
wide adj./adv.宽阔 widely adv.广泛地
　　3.副词的分类和位置
分类 位置 例词
时间副词 一般放在句尾 now现在then那时today今天tomorrow明天yesterday昨天before前面ago……之前soon很快once曾经，以前at first首先at last最后just now刚才at once立刻，马上
频度副词 行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后 twice两次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always总是，经常usually经常often经常，常常sometimes有时ever曾经never从来不
地点副词 一般放在句尾 here这儿there那儿upstairs楼上downstairs楼下above上边behind后边everywhere每个地方anywhere任何地方
方式副词 放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前 well好地，优质地badly坏地，劣质地fast快速地hard难地；努力地happily快乐地loudly大声地luckily幸运地politely礼貌地quickly快速地really真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地
程度副词 被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置 quite相当，完全，十分 rather相当，颇，有点 very非常 much许多 a lot许多 a little一点，一些 a bit少量 enough足够 hardly几乎不 almost大多数
疑问副词 通常置于句首 疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。
关系副词 用来引导宾语从句，放在句中 关系副词有when，where，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句。
四、形容词和副词辨析
1．形容词词义辨析
近几年河北中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。在单项选择部分是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。
2．副词词义辨析
河北中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。
3．形容词和副词混合辨析
河北中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是河北中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地加以运用。
(1)
如：It's easy to finish this task.完成这项任务很容易。
That can be done easily.那很容易办到。
(2)
如：Business was rather slow last month.上个月生意不太景气。
He slowly walked up the path.＝He walked up the path slowly.＝Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。
(3)
如：The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。
He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他说得很清楚，我可以听到每一个字。
(4)
如：Lily and I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。
The little baby was closely looked after by her.这个小婴儿被她细心照料着。
(5)
如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。
He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？
(6)
如：Most of us agreed his plan.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。
You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。
(7)
如：My home is near to school.我家离学校很近。
You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你将几乎半生投入到你的工作中。
(8)
如：Be quick，or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。
You must resolve the situation quickly.你必须快速解决这种局面。
(9)
如：There is something useful.I hope it can help you.这儿有一些有用的东西，我希望它可以帮助到你。
The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。
(10)
如：I think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。
The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。
(11)
如：Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。
He put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。
第二节　形容词和副词比较等级
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考纲要求 1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)　2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值
形容词比较等级
2014 41 形容词最高级 healthier/healthiest/thehealthier/the__healthiest 1分
2012
31 形容词比较级 better/best/a__better/the best 1分
52 形容词比较级 greater/more natural/lower/more common 1分
2011 34 形容词最高级 difficult/too difficult/more difficult/the__most__difficult 1分
副词比较等级
2013 31 副词比较等级 early/earlier/the earlier/the earliest 1分
　　河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词比较等级的考查较多，且偏向形容词的比较等级及形容词和副词比较等级的混合辨析。选项设置多为同一词根的不同等级混合辨析，且语境的设置都会出现一些提示性词语，如：of all，than，in，never，before，I should等。句子的设置多为两个单句，词数为9～12。预计2016年河北中考的单项选择可能会考查一道形容词或副词的比较级。
河北中考重难点突破
【考点抢测】
一、词语运用
1．This place is not big enough for Lucy's birthday party.We should find a ________ one.(big)
2．I work hard this term，but Peter works much ________.(hard)
3．This T shirt is not large enough.Please show me a ________ one.(large)
4．Yao Ming is ________ Chinese basketball player that ever played in NBA.(tall)
5．Playing computer games is ________ of all the activities.(interesting)
二、单项选择
(　　)6.(2015石家庄41中模拟)We lost the match because they had ______ players.They had eleven and we had only nine!
A．less B．much C．fewer D．more
(　　)7.Things are ________ on the moon than on the earth.
A．much heavier B．the heaviest
C．much lighter D．the lightest
(　　)8.In the talent show，I performed well and Ann did even ________．
A．well B．better C．more D．worse
(　　)9.Most kids would say sports games are the ____ things in a school.They feel very excited.
A．happiest B．easiest
C．worst D．busiest
(　　)10.(2015唐山9中模拟)It will be ________ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.
A．much cheap B．more cheaply
C．much cheaper D．much cheaply
(　　)11.Tom writes ________ than us，so he can get good grades in writing.
A．most carefully B．more carefully
C．less careful D．least careful
(　　)12.Someone says“Time is money”．But I think time is ________ important than money.
A．less B．much
C．even more D．much least
(　　)13.You should do more exercise，or you'll become ________．
A．more strongly and strongly
B．better and better
C．weaker and weaker
D．more weak and weak
(　　)14.Lucy does homework ________ than Tim.
A．carefully B．more careful
C．more carefully D．the most carefully
(　　)15.A 100 year old man ran a marathon in Toronto on Sunday.He became the ____ person to complete the long distance running in the world.
A．old B．older
C．oldest D．more old
(　　)16.The population problem may be one of ______ problems in the world today.
A．great B．more great
C．the greatest D．greater
(　　)17.(2015沧州14中模拟)—Can you tell me why you learn English so well
—It's very simple.__________ you work，________ grades you will get.
A．The harder；the best
B．The hard；the better
C．Harder；better
D．The harder；the better
【满分点拨】
一、形容词、副词比较等级的构成
1．形容词副词比较等级的一般变化规则
规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加 er， est。 smallfastquick smallerfasterquicker smallestfastestquickest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加 r， st。 nicefine nicerfiner nicestfinest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加 er， est。 earlyhappy earlierhappier earliesthappiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加 er， est。 redbigthin redderbiggerthinner reddestbiggestthinnest
部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most。 interestingimportant more interestingmoreimportant most interestingmost important
　　2.常见不规则变化的形容词和副词
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
　　3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
句型 意义 例句
as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
两者比较，程度相同。“as…as”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等。 This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。
如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as＋形容词/副词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数形式＋as。 Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。This is just as good an example as the other one.这个例子和另外那个一样好。
如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但……而且……”。 Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。
not as(so)＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，一方不及另一方。 This village isn't as(so)big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。I didn't do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。
形容词(副词)比较级＋than 两者进行比较。 The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。
比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越……，多音节的用more and more＋形容词或副词原级。 She is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家越来越美了。
the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，越……，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后。 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高兴。The more，the better.越多越好。The more money he gets，the more he wants.他得到的钱越多越想要。
具体数字(如倍数)＋as…as… 是……的……倍。 The city is two times as big as my hometown.这个城市是我的家乡的2倍。
具体数字、实物、倍数等＋比较级＋than 形容词与具体倍数等的比较。 He is a head taller than I．他比我高一个头。This city is three times larger than that one.这座城市比那座城市大三倍。
形容词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最……的。 He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。
副词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最……的。 He works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。
河北中考考点精练
(　　)1.(2015梅州中考)If overweight people eat less and take more exercise，they'll soon feel much________.
A．fatter　　　　　　B．older
C．bigger D．healthier
(　　)2.(2015南京中考)Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital.But after a week's rest，she felt much ________ and went back to school.
A．good B．better
C．bad D．worse
(　　)3.(2015保定8中模拟)—The fish tastes ________，we have eaten it up.
—It is certain that she cooked it ________.
A．good；well B．well；good
C．well；well D．good；good
(　　)4.(2015杭州中考)My time in the middle school was one of ________ periods of my life.
A．exciting
B．more exciting
C．the more exciting
D．the most exciting
(　　)5.(2015广安中考)—Who does homework ________，Tom，Jack or Bill
—Bill.
A．more carefully
B．more careful
C．most carefully
D．most careful
(　　)6.(2015温州中考)I fell off the bike on my way to school.________，I wasn't hurt.
A．Luckily B．Suddenly
C．Politely D．Recently
(　　)7.(2015滨州中考)Teenagers should be encouraged to go ________ and be close to nature.
A．inside B．back
C．outside D．off
(　　)8.(2015泰安中考)—How are you getting along with your English study
—Much better.I don't feel it as ________as before.
A．interesting B．much
C．difficult D．easy
(　　)9.(2015连云港中考)—Why are you looking________ in class all day
—Because I can't finish my homework until eleven every night.
A．awake B．asleep
C．sleeping D．sleepy
(　　)10.(2015石家庄42中模拟)—I hate vegetables.I________eat them.
—But they are good for your health! You should eat them every day.
A．always B．seldom
C．often D．usually
(　　)11.(2015聊城中考)Earthquakes always happen ________，so it is difficult to know when they come.
A．hopefully B．suddenly
C．usually D．luckily
(　　)12.(2015沧州14中模拟)—Lin Dan won the badminton game again.
—Yes，I think no one can do ________ than him.
A．well B．better
C．best D．good
(　　)13.(2015天津中考)Let's open the windows to have some ________ air here.
A．cheap B．nervous
C．careful D．fresh
(　　)14.(2015南充中考)Roy thinks he works as ________ as his friend，Dan.
A．hardly B．harder
C．hard D．more hardly
(　　)15.(2015重庆中考B卷)I could ________ hear what you said just now.Could you please say it again
A．sometimes B．always
C．hardly D．clearly
(　　)16.(2015泰州中考)I can't hear you ________，something may be wrong with my telephone.
A．carefully B．clearly
C．quietly D．slowly
(　　)17.(2015青岛中考)This camera is too expensive.I'd like a________ one.
A．cheap B．cheaper
C．cheapest D．more expensive
(　　)18.(2015莱芜中考)—Look! The boys are talking about the movie ________.
—They always have so many fun things to share.
A．sadly B．angrily
C．nervously D．happily
(　　)19.(2015南昌中考)Sally used to be ________，but now she takes part in different activities and makes many new friends.
A．active B．quiet
C．honest D．outgoing
(　　)20.(2015济南中考)Why not go to Sunshine Supermarket？You can buy everything ______ there.
A．mostly B．widely
C．cheaply D．heavily
(　　)21.(2015邢台中考模拟)You had better put on a ________ sweater since it is cold in the morning.
A．thin B．cool
C．thick D．heavy
(　　)22.(2015保定8中模拟)The baby is sleeping.Please walk into the room ________.
A．quiet B．quietly
C．heavy D．heavily
(　　)23.(2015廊坊中考模拟)Tomorrow is Ann's birthday.Her mother is going make a ________ meal for her.
A．big B．common
C．quick D．simple
(　　)24.(2015石家庄41中模拟)I'm not hungry because I have ________ had lunch.
A．ever B．never
C．just D．still
(　　)25.(2015衡水5中模拟)We don't want to speak badly or ________ in front of the class.
A．clearly B．carefully
C．carelessly D．properly
(　　)26.(2015沧州中考模拟)My sister ________ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day.
A．always B．sometimes
C．hardly D．never
(　　)27.(2015唐山9中模拟)—I'll not be Jack's friend any more.
—Don't be angry.He's just so ________，but in fact he's good to us，you know.
A．helpful B．direct
C．polite D．brave
(　　)28.(2015承德中考模拟)With the development of modern science，it's ________ for us to get information from all over the world.
A．slower B．busier
C．harder D．easier
(　　)29.(2015石家庄质量检测中考)—Excuse me，would you please speak a little more________？
—Sorry，I thought you could follow me.
A．sadly B．quickly
C．politely D．slowly
(　　)30.(2015秦皇岛中考模拟)Overseas experience may help make our life ________ .So why not try to study abroad
A．usual B．useful
C．successful D．traditional
(　　)31.(2016原创预测)We want to set off ________ so that we can avoid the heavy traffic.
A．early B．recently
C．happily D．quietly
(　　)32.(2016原创预测)—The transportation in our country is much more ________ than it used to be.
—But traveling becomes much easier!
A．convenient B．expensive
C．difficult D．trendy
(　　)33.(2016原创预测)—Is Tina an outgoing girl
—No，she's kind of ________.Her face always turns red when she speaks in public.
A．shy B．active
C．relaxed D．funny
(　　)34.(2016原创预测)There has never been such a beautiful village ________ in the world.
A．anywhere B．everywhere
C．somewhere D．nowhere
(　　)35.(2016原创预测)Linda's father hates waiting in long lines.I think he's just not very ________.
A．patient B．talented
C．popular D．powerful
(　　)36.(2016原创预测)I'm surprised that John is only 25.I thought he was ________ ，for he seems to be in his thirties.
A．old B．older
C．young D．younger
(　　)37.(2016原创预测)Emma always gets good grades in different exams because she is a______ girl.
A．shy B．friendly
C．polite D．hard working
(　　)38.(2016原创预测)—You look ________.What's up，sir
—I can't find my ticket，but it's time to check in.
A．sleepy B．hungry
C．tired D．worried
(　　)39.(2016原创预测)My new neighbor is so ________ that he enjoys meeting and talking to people.
A．shy B．outgoing
C．quiet D．smart
(　　)40.(2016原创预测)I got home for my birthday from my college on Friday evening.No one was at home，and Mom and Dad hadn't left me a note.This made me ________.
A．surprised B．happy
C．angry D．excited