2016中考命题研究英语（河北人教版）语法专题突破：专题二代词

专题二　代词
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考纲要求 1.人称代词　2.物主代词　3.反身代词　4.指示代词　5.不定代词(some，any，no)　6.疑问代词
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值
人称、物主与反身代词
2015 27 形容词性物主代词 my/her/his/your 1分
2014 27 名词性物主代词 we/us/our/ours 1分
2013
27 名词性物主代词 I/me/my/mine 1分
54 反身代词 itself/myself/himself/yourself 1分
2012 27 反身代词 himself/herself/yourself/myself 1分
2011 27 形容词性物主代词 he/him/his/himself 1分
不定代词
2014 53 复合不定代词 nobody/everybody/somebody/anybody 1分
2013 30 复合不定代词 something/anything/nothing/everything 1分
2011 30 不定代词 a__few/few/a little/little 1分
指示代词
2014 29 指示代词one it/one/this/that 1分
2012 34 指示代词it it/one/this/that 1分
　　分析河北近5年中考真题可以看出代词是河北中考近5年的必考点。在单项选择中每年均会设置两道试题，其中必有1道人称代词或物主代词的考查，另外1道轮流考查不定代词和指示代词。不定代词的考查点偏向指物的不定代词something/nothing/anything/everything的考查，也会涉及普通不定代词both/none/neither/either的考查。另外，完形填空中也会涉及不定代词的辨析。
对人称代词与物主代词的考查可以分为以下几种情况：(1)物主代词：考查的四个选项设置均为同一人称的不同形式，且偏向第一人称和第三人称，注重形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词与人称代词的混合辨析。做此类题时，学生应首先判断句中所缺成分和人称，若其后紧跟名词，则为形容词性物主代词；若其后无名词，而是紧跟介词of或与名词词组并列，则为名词性物主代词。(2)人称代词：主要考查宾格形式，位于介词后或固定结构中。如：introduce sb.to sb.(把某人介绍给某人)。(3)反身代词和指示代词：重点在于基本的词义辨析。
另外，完形填空中也会涉及代词的辨析，学生应联系上下文判断所指人称或所指事物的类别。词语运用偶尔也会涉及人称代词与物主代词的运用。
预计2016年河北中考的单项选择题会考查一道人称代词与物主代词的辨析和一道不定代词的辨析。
河北中考重难点突破
代词
　人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
【考点抢测】
一、词语运用
　　　　
1．My parents showed ________ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.
2．There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of ________ are clean and cheap.
3．Many people think Peng Liyuan is the most beautiful First Lady.And ________ songs are also well known.
4．Kitty is the name of my pet.________ nose is very funny.
5．It's very important for us to learn how to learn by ________．
二、单项选择
(　　)6.My daughter is a great fan of Justin.________ has most of Justin's CDs.
A．She　　 B．Her　　 C．He　　 D．His
(　　)7.We have noticed the problems，and we will discussed ________ at the meeting.
A．you B．it C．them D．us
(　　)8.It is a good habit of ________ to read a few lines before going to bed.
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
(　　)9.Mandy loves to see films.Transformers(变形金刚) is ________ favorite movie.
A．she B．her C．hers D．I
(　　)10.Mom，I'm old enough to wash ________ own clothes and ________．You can have a rest after work.
A．my；your B．my；yours
C．your；my D．yours；mine
【满分点拨】
一、人称代词
人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语和表语；宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语。
人称代词的人称、数和格的变化如下：
人称
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称
he him
she her
it it
they them
二、物主代词
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词一般用于名词前修饰名词；而名词性物主代词本身就具有名词的性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。如：
This is my red schoolbag.＝This red schoolbag is mine.这个红色的书包是我的。
物主代词具体分类如下：
人称 数 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称
单数形式 my mine
复数形式 our ours
第二人称
单数形式 your yours
复数形式 your yours
第三人称
单数形式
his his
her hers
its its
复数形式 their theirs
三、反身代词
1．反身代词的单复数形式表格如下：
数人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己
第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己
第三人称 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己 themselves
　　2.反身代词的用法
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语)
The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语)
That poor boy was myself.(作表语)
3．反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself自学
learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴
help oneself to随便吃/用
come to oneself苏醒
hurt oneself受伤
by oneself独自
　不定代词
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.The girl in purple is new here，so ________ people know her.
A．few　B．a few　C．little　D．a little
(　　)2.________ of the computers are working because of the power failure.
A．All B．Both
C．None D．No one
(　　)3.There were only two paintings for sale and he bought ________．
A．all B．any C．both D．some
(　　)4.(2015石家庄41中模拟)—How did you get the MP4，from a shop or by TV
—________．I always like shopping online.
A．None B．Neither C．Both D．All
(　　)5.—Do you think ________ of the students can take part in the Marathon Skating
—Certainly they can.In fact，they make good use of ________ skating lesson.
A．each；every B．every；each
C．each；all D．every；every
(　　)6.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever ________ of them feels hurt.
A．either　 B．both　 C．neither　 D．all
(　　)7.________ is waiting for you at the gate.He wants to say thanks to you.
A．Somebody B．Anybody
C．Everybody D．Nobody
(　　)8.(2015石家庄28中模拟)You don't have a drink.Can I get you ________？
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
【满分点拨】
不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，兼有名词和形容词的功能，在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。
一、普通不定代词
1．初中阶段常见的普通不定代词如下表：
some，any few，little other，another
many，much either，neither
each，every both，all none，one
　　2.常考的几组易混不定代词辨析
some与any
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
1
some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books.Would you like some milk？
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree There aren't any buses.
2
both 表示“两者都”。 Tom's parents are both doctors.
either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Either of the books is interesting.
neither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Neither of his friends has come yet.
　　all，any与none
相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物
不同点
all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，其反义词为none
any 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”，只能作定语
none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”，相当于not any
　　注意：(1)no one用来指人，不能接of短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)none不仅指人也可以指物，其后常跟of短语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
如：None of the information is correct.信息都不正确。
None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.战士们都不怕困难．
few，a few和little，a little
如：The problem is too difficult.Few students can work it out.这道题太难了。没几个学生能做出来。
She says little but does much.她说得少，做得多。
each与every
单词 用法及意义 例句
each 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个；意为“每个，各自的”，强调个体。 There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一边都有树和花。
every 强调整体，表示“每个都”；指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。 Every student has read a poem.每个学生都读了一首诗。
二、复合不定代词
复合不定代词一直是河北中考的常考点，学生对此要熟练掌握。常见的复合不定代词如下：
somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人)
someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人)
something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每一件事)
　　1.由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。
2．由any构成的复合不定代词通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
3．复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
4．当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。
　指示代词和疑问代词
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.________ is time for us to have classes.
A．One　　B．It　　C．Them　　D．This
(　　)2.Harry Potter is such an interesting book that lots of teenagers like to read ________．
A．it B．this C．that D．one
(　　)3.My friend has a lot of comic books.I want to have ________，too.
A．this B．it C．they D．one
(　　)4.(2015沧州14中模拟)She is very friendly，and ________ is why we all like her.
A．this B．that C．these D．those
(　　)5.—________ would you like to choose to live in，Chengdu，Beijing or Shanghai
—Chengdu，I think.
A．How B．What C．When D．Which
(　　)6.—________ are they
—They are Chopsticks Brothers who sings the song Little Apple.
A．What B．Who
C．How D．Where
【满分点拨】
一、指示代词
1．指示代词的分类
代词 用法 例句
it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物。 The book is mine.It's very interesting.
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。 —Who has a novel named Tiny Times —I have one.
that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.
this 常用来指代离自己较近的人或物。 This is my friend.
　　2.it的常见用法
it可替代动词不定式作句中的形式主语或宾语，也可用于某些固定句型中。
(1)用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
①It's＋adj.(for sb.)＋to do sth.
It's important for us to work hard.对我们来说努力工作是重要的。
②It's time to do/for /that…
It's time to get up.到起床的时间了。
It's time for lunch/that we go home.到吃午饭的时候了。/到回家的时间了。
③It seems that…
It seems that he is quite happy.他看起来似乎很高兴。
④It's one's turn to do sth.
It's your turn to sing.现在轮到你唱了。
⑤It's＋adj.＋that从句
It is necessary that we students do some reading every day.我们学生每天读书是必要的。
(2)作形式宾语
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line？你认为学会排队是必要的吗？
I found it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
二、疑问代词
疑问代词 主要用法 例句
who 作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后)。 Who wants to go with me？
whom who的宾格形式，作宾语。 To whom are you talking？
whose who的所有格形式，作表语、定语。 Whose book is this？
what/who
what询问某人的职业。 —What's your father —He is a worker.
who询问某人的身份、姓名。 —Who is the boy under the tree —He is Li Ming.
what/which
what指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定。 What would you like？
which“哪一个，哪一些”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物。 Which one do you like best？
　　相对于疑问代词而言，初中阶段还有两个疑问副词经常在考试中出现，学生也应该重点掌握，第一个是how，通常表示方式。另一个是where，表示地点。
河北中考考点精练
(　　)1.(2015鄂州中考)—Do you know ________ this iPhone 5 belongs to
—Let me see.Oh，it's ________.
A．whose；her　　　　B．whose；hers
C．who；her D．who；hers
(　　)2.(2015南通中考)—Smoking brings me a lot of ideas.
—Stop that! After all，________ is more important than health.
A．nothing B．something
C．anything D．everything
(　　)3.(2015淄博中考)Since Peter isn't here，may I have a message for ________？
A．them　　B．him　　C．her　　D．me
(　　)4.(2015攀枝花中考)We find ________ impossible for us to learn physics well in a short time.
A．that　　B．it　　C．this　　D．one
(　　)5.(2015抚顺中考)—Would you like some more carrots or tomatoes
—________，thanks.I'm full.
A．Neither B．Both
C．None D．Either
(　　)6.(2015长春中考)I bought ________ for my mother on Mother's Day this year.
A．special anything
B．anything special
C．special something
D．something special
(　　)7.(2015沈阳中考)Jane looked carefully at ________ in the mirror before going outside.
A．her B．him
C．herself D．himself
(　　)8.(2015宁夏中考)—What happened
—I fell down and hurt ________.
A．my　　B．mine　　C．I　　D．myself
(　　)9.(2015遵义中考改编)Of the three reading rooms，one is near，but________ two are far.
A．other B．the others
C．the other D．another
(　　)10.(2015六盘水中考)We must protect animals，they are ________ friends.
A．we B．our C．ours D．us
(　　)11.(2015宿迁中考)—I'd like some more apple juice.
—Sorry，there's ________ left.
A．nothing B．none
C．few D．a few
(　　)12.(2015镇江中考)—Which of the two subjects do you like，P.E. or music
—________.They are really interesting.
A．Neither B．Both
C．None D．All
(　　)13.(2015秦皇岛中考模拟)Do you see that good looking young man ________ is a famous Korean film star.
A．He B．His
C．Him D．Himself
(　　)14.(2015衡水中考模拟)We should tell the truth.We can't say one thing to one person and________ thing to someone else.
A．other B．another
C．the other D．one more
(　　)15.(2015邢台中考模拟)—Morning，class.Is ________ here today
—No，sir.Tom is absent.He is ill at home.
A．anybody B．everybody
C．nobody D．somebody
(　　)16.(2015唐山友谊中学模拟)—What do you think of your host family，Jim
—Great.They try ________ best to make me feel at home.
A．they B．their C．them D．theirs
(　　)17.(2015唐山龙泉中学模拟)I have a big brother.________ name is Paul.
A．His B．Her C．He D．Your
(　　)18.(2015保定13中模拟)At present，children mean ________ to most parents in China.
A．everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
(　　)19.(2016原创预测)My star sign is Virgo and my characteristics are similar to ________ described in that book.
A．them B．these C．ones D．those
(　　)20.(2016原创预测)Look at the girl in the red skirt.________ is my new classmate.
A．She B．It C．He D．This
(　　)21.(2016原创预测)—Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world.
—That is，it is larger than ________ country in Asia.
A．any B．any other
C．other D．another
(　　)22.(2016原创预测)I'm looking for a bank，but I can't find ________.
A．it B．one C．this D．that
(　　)23.(2016原创预测)Televisions have made________ possible for us to watch movies at home.
A．that B．this C．it D．they
(　　)24.(2016原创预测)You can take ________ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.
A．both B．none C．either D．neither