2016中考英语（人教版）教材知识梳理 七年级(下)　Units 1—4 学案

七年级(下)　Units 1—4
中考基础知识梳理
类别 课标考点要求
词汇攻关 1.sing→(名词)________2．write→(名词)________3．center→(形容词)________4．tooth→(复数)________5．usually→(形容词)________→(形容词的反义词)________6．early→(反义词)________→(比较级)________→(最高级)________7．half→(复数)________8．clean→(反义词)________9．drive→(名词)司机________10．live→(名词)生命________→(名词复数)________11．true→(名词)________→(副词)________ 12.important→(名词)________13．noisy→(反义词)________→(名词)________14．luck→(形容词)________→(副词)________→(形容词的反义词)________15．feel→(名词)________16．learn→(名词)________17．quickly→(反义词)________→(形容词)________→(形容词的反义词)________18．old→(反义词)新的________→(反义词)年轻的________19．rule→(名词)尺，统治者________20．speak→(名词)发言者，讲(某种语言)的人________→(名词)讲话，发言________
短语归纳 1.下国际象棋____________2．擅长于……____________3．跟……说____________4．弹钢琴____________5．善于应付……的，对……有办法____________6．结交朋友____________7．在周末____________8．起床，站起____________9．穿上衣服____________10．洗淋浴____________ 11.做作业____________12．散步，走一走____________13．乘地铁____________14．骑自行车____________15．在……和……之间____________16．实现，成为现实____________17．外出(娱乐)____________18．铺床____________19．(对某人)要求严格____________20．遵守规则____________
句型再现 1.那么我们需要你帮助说英语的学生开展体育活动。Then we need you __________ sports for English speaking students.2．“你通常几点钟起床？”“我通常在6点半起床。”—________ you usually get up —I usually get up ____________.3．晚上我或者看电视或者玩电脑游戏。In the evening，I ____________ watch TV __________ play computer games.4．在10点半，我刷牙，然后上床睡觉。 ________，I ________ and then I ________.5．“你到学校要用多长时间？”“骑自行车大约15分钟。”—How long ____________？—About 15 minutes by bike.6．对许多学生来说，到校很容易。________，________ get to school.7．上课别迟到。____________ class.8．晚饭后我也不能放松。After dinner，I ____________.
语法结构 1.情态动词的用法。2．祈使句的用法。
话题 1.Joining a club(加入社团、俱乐部)2．Daily routines(日常活动) 3.Transportation(交通工具)4．Rules(规章制度)
河北五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
(　　)1.(2013河北42题)We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so ________．
A．quick　　　　　　B．quickly
C．useful D．usefully
(　　)2.(2015河北28题)There's an important football match today.I ________miss it.
A．may　 B．can't　 C．must　 D．needn't
(　　)3.(2012河北32题)—________ did you pay for the CD
—Only nine dollars.
A．How many B．How much
C．How long D．How often
◆句型类
4．(2013河北89题)pens，those，her，pass，black
________________________________________________________________________.
5．(2011河北86题)sing，does，she，well
________________________________________________________________________
6．(2011河北88题)Mary，list，shopping，a，let，make
________________________________________________________________________.
河北中考重难点突破
　join参加，加入
【考点抢测】
1．When did your brother ________ the army
2．He'll ________ an important meeting tomorrow.
3．Come along，and ________ the ball game.
4．We'll ________social practice during the summer vacation.
5．She ________the Young Pioneers last year.
【满分点拨】
辨析join，join in，take part in和attend
词语 辨析 例句
join 意为“加入某一组织，成为其中的一员”。其后还可以接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。 His father joined the Party in 1956.他的爸爸1956年加入共产党。
join in 常用于join in sth. /doing sth.中，意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词，此时用法与take part in可以互换。 They all join in singing the song.他们一起唱这首歌。Can I join in the game？我可以参加这个游戏吗？
takepart in 指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动等，往往参加者持有积极的态度，起一些作用。 Will you take part in the English Evening？你将参加英语之夜吗？
attend 指“出席(会议)；到场；上(课)”等 Who attended the mee ting？谁出席了会议？
　be good at…擅长于
【考点抢测】
6．我擅长弹钢琴。
____________ playing the piano.
7．水果对你的健康有好处。
Fruit ____________ your health.
8．她和孩子们相处得很好。
She ____________ the children.
【满分点拨】
辨析be good at，be good with和be good for
be good at “擅长”，相当于do well in，at后接名词、代词或v. ing形式
be good with “善于应付……的；对……有办法”，其同义短语为get on well with
be good for “对……有好处”，其反义短语为be bad for，意为“对……有害；对……有坏处”
　辨析dress，put on，wear与be in
【考点抢测】
9．The young man always ________ a T shirt.
10．It's too cold outside.________your coat.
11．My English teacher ________ red today.
12．The actress is ________ in the latest fashion.
(　　)13.(2015张家口9中模拟)Look！My little brother is ________ himself now.
A．wearing　　　　　B．dressing
C．putting on D．dressing up
【满分点拨】
dress给……穿衣 表示动作或状态，宾语通常是人，dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”(动作)；dress oneself给自己穿衣服；be/get dressed in…“穿着……”(状态)。
put on穿上；戴上 强调动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽；宾语若是代词必须放在put和on之间；反义词组是take off。
wear穿着；戴着 强调状态，宾语可为服装、鞋帽、饰物、奖章等。
be in穿着 后接衣服、帽子等，此时可以和wear或have sth. on互换。其后也可以接颜色，不能用于进行时态。
图解助记：
,)　　　,)
　either的用法
【考点抢测】
14．I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but ________ of them came.
15．—Would you like beer or Coca Cola
—I don't mind.________is OK.
16．He lent me a lot of books，but ________ of them is easy for me to read.
17．All of these are interesting books and you can borrow ________ of them.
(　　)18.(2015唐山龙泉中学模拟)________ of them was in good health，but they both worked very hard.
A．Either　B．Neither　C．None　D．Both
【满分点拨】
either用作代词，“(两者之中)任一、任何一个”。
如：Either(of the books)is popular with the students.(两本书)随便哪一本都受到同学们的欢迎。(主语)
either用作副词，在否定句作“也”解释，通常置于句末。如：Lily doesn't like fruit.I don't like fruit，either.丽丽不喜欢水果，我也不喜欢。
either…or…，意为“或……或……，不是……就是……，要么……要么……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。如：
Either you or Tom has done it.(连接并列主语)不是你就是汤姆做了这件事。
注意：在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语保持一致。
either的反义词为neither“(两者)都不”，either…or…的反义词组为neither…nor…“既不……也不……”。
拓展：辨析either，also，too，yet与as well
这五个词均含“也”之意，但具体用法不同：
词汇 用法
either 用于否定句 放在句末，之前可加逗号。
also 用于肯定句 较正式，放在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
too 用于肯定句 较口语，位于句末，可用逗号隔开。
yet 用于否定句和疑问句 常放在句末。
as well 用于肯定句 常放在句末。
巧学妙记
巧记also，too，either的用法
be also，also do，句中位置要记清。
too一般放句末，句中前后要用逗号隔。
also语气比too重，都是用来表肯定。
若是表否定，记住要用either来表示。
　辨析between和among
【考点抢测】
19．He is standing ________(在……之间)Tom and John.
20．There are many differences ________ (在……之间)the students.
(　　)21.(2015唐山友谊中学模拟)His grade in the exam put him ________ the top students in his class.
A．between B．over
C．among D．above
【满分点拨】
,)　　,)
between用于“两者之间”，只要可以构成双方关系，都可以用between。如：I will come between twelve and one o'clock.我将在十二点至一点之间过来。
among在……之间，强调是在三个或三个以上的人或事物之中。如：There was someone shouting at me among the students.学生中间有人在喊我。
注意：指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每两者之间时，仍用between，不能用among。如：The village lies between three hills.村子坐落在三座小山之间。
　辨析arrive，reach与get to
【考点抢测】
22．When did Jim ________the bus station
23．I usually ________ home at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon.
24．If you ________ too late，the host will be unhappy.
25．When did you ________ at the village
26．Don't forget to write to me as soon as you ______Australia.
(　　)27.(2015石家庄28中模拟)My mother and I love Shanghai very much.We ________ Shanghai for holidays last Sunday.
A．reach B．reached to
C．got D．got to
【满分点拨】
辨析arrive at与arrive in
arrive at 指到达较小的场所，如镇、家、店等。
arrive in 指到达较大的地方，如国家、大城市等。
图解助记：
　辨析too many，too much与much too
【考点抢测】
28．You shouldn't eat ________ meat because it's bad for your health.
29．Today，________ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.
30．The sweater is very beautiful，but it's ________ dear.
(　　)31.(2015石家庄40中模拟)Look！There's ________ ice on the lake.
A．too many B．too much
C．many too D．much too
【满分点拨】
短语 意义 用法
too many
too much 太多的……
其后可接可数名词复数形式。
其后接不可数名词，还可用作副词，修饰动词。
much too 太…… much用来增强语气，后面常接形容词或副词。
　　如：There are too many flowers in the garden.花园里的花太多了。
I have too much homework this evening.今天晚上我的家庭作业太多了。
This box is much too heavy.这个箱子太重了。
　get up起床
【考点抢测】
32．你周末什么时候起床？
What time do you ________ ________ at weekends
33．我们天天按时到校。
We ________ ________ school on time every day.
34．我相信你会克服所有的困难。
I believe you'll ________ ________ all the trouble.
(　　)35.(2014河北中考)Steven，we should ________ the bus at the next stop.
A．get up　　　　B．get off
C．get to D．get in
【满分点拨】
get
　listen v．听；倾听
【考点抢测】
36．这个女孩喜欢听音乐。
The girl likes to ________ music.
37．这儿太吵，我什么也听不见。
It's too noisy here.I can ________ nothing.
【满分点拨】
listen 不及物动词 侧重于“听”的动作，后接宾语时，要加介词to。 This girl likes to listen to the radio.这个女孩喜欢听收音机。
hear 及物动词 强调“听”的结果。 We listened carefully but could hear nothing.我们留心听，却什么也没有听见。
图解助记：
,)　　　　,)
　How do you get to school？你如何到校？
【考点抢测】
(　　)38.(2013淮安中考)—________ do you usually get to school，Simon
—By bike.
A．When B．How
C．What D．Where
【满分点拨】
(1)本句是提问交通方式，由疑问词how引导，句中get to短语可以替换为arrive at或reach；
(2)答语常用两种方式“by＋工具”或“主语＋动词＋限定词(冠词/物主代词)＋工具”或“in/on＋限定词＋工具。”
—How do you get to work every day，Bob
鲍勃，你每天如何去上班？
—By bus./I take the bus./On a bus.坐公交车。
　How long does it take you to get to school？你到校要花费多长时间？
【考点抢测】
(　　)39.(2015白银中考)It only ________ me half an hour ________ to school every day last term.
A．takes；riding　　　B．spent；to ride
C．cost；walk D．took；to walk
【满分点拨】
(1)It takes sb.… to do sth.“某人花费……做某事”，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是句中to do不定式结构；
(2)该句式可替换为Sb.spend(s)…doing sth.结构。
It takes me 20 minutes to read English every morning.＝I spend 20 minutes reading English every morning.
【温馨提示】
根据不同时间状语，该句式也可变形为It took/will take sb.…to do sth.。
常考话题写作指导
规章制度
◆写作导图
从全国近五年规章制度相关话题书面表达的命题来看，通常从三个角度设题：
1．学校规则：包括校规校纪的认识及建议。
2．交通规则：对乱穿马路现象谈谈你的看法。
3．生活中普遍的行为规范：谈谈你对遵守秩序的看法。
结合河北考情，可以预测第一种考查角度几率更大。
◆亮点句型速成
常用句型：We should help protect the environment.
推荐句型：→It's important and necessary for us to help protect the environment.
常用句型：Don't crowd with each other.
推荐句型：→Don't crowd with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs.
(一)开头句
1．Summer is coming，and we must remember it's dangerous to swim in the river.
2．We should take care not to get ourselves injured while we are having sports.
3．We should respect our teachers，parents and the old.
(二)中间句
4．We should be careful when we make friends.
5．We should be friendly and get on well with others，don't quarrel or even fight.
6．We must obey traffic rules and mustn't cross the streets when the traffic lights are red.
7．We should be careful to eat healthy food and keep away from junk food.
(三)结尾句
8．If we are in danger，we must call the police for help in time.
◆写作模板
We are asked to怎么做．It is dangerous to干某事，for it may cause什么后果．We should 做什么．Besides，we are not allowed to做某事．If we really want to，we must怎么做．What's more，还应该怎么做．I think 总体说对规章制度的认识．
◆典例剖析
假如你是王伟，你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。
家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗；
游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；
交通安全：过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。
要求：1.词数80～100词；
2．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3．文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4．邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．开头先问候与引出话题(已经给出)。介绍具体的安全条例内容：家庭安全、游泳安全、交通安全(重点阐述)(根据提示来写，不要有遗漏，可以适当发挥)。总结全文，再次强调安全的重要性。
2．本文描述学校给“我们”制定的安全条例，因此写作时用第一人称。
3．安全条例的内容通常是应该做什么，不该做什么，因此，情态动词使用的较多。注意选择恰当的情态动词，如should，mustn't，have to等，用情态动词表达将来或者建议、禁止、允许等；另外，表明这样做的理由时，用一般现在时。
4．词数80～100词，不得出现真实人名、校名。
【范文点评】
Dear David，Glad to receive your e mail.Our school has made many safety rules for us to follow.Let me tell you something about them.①We__are__asked__to__be__careful__with__electricity__when__we__are__using__it.②It__is__dangerous__to__play__with__fire，for__it__may__cause__terrible__accidents.We should ③make__sure doors and windows are shut before we leave.Besides，we are not allowed to swim alone，especially in deep rivers or lakes.If we really want to，we must go to the swimming pool with our parents or teachers.④What's__more，⑤following__traffic__rules__is__also__very__important.Everyone__should__watch__out__when__crossing__the__road.And our school ⑥warns__us__not__to__play__on__the__road.I think these rules are necessary as safety comes first.Have a good summer holiday!Yours， Wang Wei ①be asked to do sth.被要求做某事，这里运用被动语态，被动语态属于初中的一个难点，也是得分的亮点，点明了第一项；be careful with 小心某物，表明用电安全的重要性。②It's＋adj.to do sth.固定句型的使用，做某事是怎样的；cause accidents导致事故，从反面说明了玩火的危害。③make sure (that)…确保……，引出家庭安全的第二项：关好门窗。besides另外，自然引出游泳安全；使用被动语态be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事，表明单独出去游泳是不允许的，我们应该与父母一起去游泳池，go to … with…。④what's more，更重要的是，逐步深入，既引出了交通安全，又表明了它的重要性。⑤用短语following traffic rules和watch out表明要遵守交通规则且过马路要“当心”。⑥warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事，寄托了学校老师对我们无微不至的关心。
河北中考考点精练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(　　)1.(2015襄阳中考)—Did you catch the first subway this morning
—No，I didn't. It had started moving ____ I could get on it.
A．before　　　　　B．since
C．after D．as soon as
(　　)2.(2015乐山中考改编)—________ is it from here to the train station
—It's about 10 minutes' bus ride.
A．How far B．How long
C．How often D．How soon
(　　)3.(2015自贡中考改编)—Tom，don't throw the rubbish on the floor. We should keep the classroom ________.
—Oh，sorry，Miss Wang.
A．clean　 B．quiet　 C．dirty　 D．noisy
(　　)4.(2015淮安中考)Steven，go to bed now. You should ________ before six tomorrow，or you will miss the plane.
A．get off B．get up
C．get on D．get along
(　　)5.(2015桂林中考改编)You ________ watch TV，but you have to clean the room first.
A．must　　B. can　　C．can't　　D．must
(　　)6.(2015唐山乐亭一模) —We have to be ______ in the library. We can't talk with each other.
—Yes. That's true.
A．busy B．interested
C．quiet D．noisy
(　　)7.(2015石家庄质量检测)—What does your English teacher do in the free time
—She likes ________ us some stories.
A．telling B．reading
C．writing D．playing
(　　)8.(2015保定17中模拟) —Sorry，I'm late.
—________ tell me the bus broke down again!
A．Never to　 B．Not　 C．Don't　 D．No
Ⅱ.(2015沧州13中模拟)完形填空。
Do you know how to have a successful end of school year party The key to __1__ is to let the class decide what they want to do. As with all classroom activities，you will have to guide them. __2__ be sure to let them run a little wild，because some __3__ ideas are sometimes great!
I advise you to go beyond the standard(标准)—snacks and video that __4__ classrooms will do. You can __5__ with your kids to have fun classroom activities. They will __6__ forget such fun activities.
Just like a team of adult coworkers(同事) who spend a lot of __7__ together，every class will become a different group personality(个性). They'll share some __8__ that can make them laugh and have favorite words they like to say. In fact，it's this “personality” that __9__ me love what I do!
To help you know how you can turn this group personality into a __10__ end of school year party，I'll introduce you a good website at www. end of school year party. com.
(　　)1.A.it　 　B．them　 　C．him　 　D．her
(　　)2.A.If B．Or C．But D．So
(　　)3.A.favorite B．boring
C．easy D．crazy
(　　)4.A.another B．other
C．others D．one
(　　)5.A.let B．do
C．help D．work
(　　)6.A.never B．sometimes
C．often D．always
(　　)7.A.groups B．classes
C．time D．money
(　　)8.A.activities B．jokes
C．situations D．classrooms
(　　)9.A.watches B．gives
C．turns D．makes
(　　)10.A.difficult B．fun
C．bad D．rich
Ⅲ.(2015厦门中考)阅读理解。
Two children were on their way to school. The boy was only four years old，and the girl was not yet six. With one hand the little boy took his sister's arm，and with the other he held his book. They hurried to school.This book was his only book. It had a bright blue cover. And in it were some little pictures，which he never grew tired of looking at. Edward could spell nearly all the words in his book.
The school was more than a mile from their home，and the children walked along as fast as their short legs could carry them. At a street where two roads crossed，they saw a tall gentleman coming to meet them. It was the minister(牧师)，Mr Harris.
They were glad to see him. They stopped by the side of the road and Edward bowed. “I have something here for little Edward，” he said. Then he took a piece of paper. “See! It is a little speech that I have written for you. The teacher will soon ask you to give a speech at school，and I am sure that you can learn this easily and speak it well. ”
Edward took the paper and thanked the kind minister. The minister said，“ I hope that when you grow up you will become a wise man.”
The speech was not hard to learn，and Edward soon knew every word of it. On the speech day，he spoke so well that everybody was pleased. He pronounced every word correctly，as though he were talking to his schoolmates.
(　　)1.Where did the two children go
A．To meet the minister.
B．To meet their parents.
C．To go to school.
D．To go to take a bus.
(　　)2.Where did the two children meet the minister
A．On the street. B．In the school.
C．On a bus. D．In the school hall.
(　　)3.What did the minister give to Edward
A．His homework.
B．A little book.
C．Some new words.
D．A little speech.
(　　)4.What did Mr. Harris hope Edward would be when he was older
A．To be a good teacher.
B．To be talented and wise.
C．To be a good speech maker.
D．To pronounce every word right.
Ⅳ.(2015秦皇岛模拟)任务型阅读。
Your schooldays should be some of the best and happiest days of your life. How can you get the most from them，and make sure you do not waste this excellent chance to learn
Be active at school. Don't say things are difficult or boring. Be interested in school life and your school subjects. Join in lots of activities. Put your hands up quickly in class. Go around the school with a big smile. If you are not working，you are wasting your time at school. Teachers can not make everything enjoyable.
Keep ________. If you do not eat a good breakfast，you will be thinking about food in class. If you go to bed late and do not have enough sleep，you will be sleepy in class. Play enough sports every day in order to keep your body strong.
Face the problem. Do not say you will do things tomorrow. If__you__get__behind__the__class，it__is__very__difficult__to__get__back__in__front. You can not finish the race if you rest all the time. Everyone fails some exams，loses some matches and has bad days. Don't let small problems seem very big and important. Don't forget to ask for help. You are young，no one thinks you must do everything quite well!
Plan your time carefully on weekends. Don't waste time lying in bed on Saturday or Sunday morning. Go and play a sport，get together with friends in the park to relax，learn the piano，or help someone with problems. If you don't want to go out，there are also a lot of things to do. You may read a book，practice English or help mother with housework.
1题完成句子；2题简略回答问题；3题将文中横线处空缺的一个单词填写在下面的答题线上；4题找出并写下第五段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1．Students should join in ________ to be active at school.
2．What should you do if you meet problems at school
________________________________________________________________________
3．________________________________________________________________________
4．________________________________________________________________________
5．________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.(2016原创预测)词语运用。
Internet Shopping is becoming more and more popular. It's one of the most convenient shopping (1)________(way) for people at present. It offers a lot of advantages. You can shop at (2)a________ time of the day because the online shops are open 24 hours a day. It is also easy to find what you are (3)________(look) for and find the things at much (4)________(good) prices on the Internet.
There are some disadvantages，(5)________. You cannot see the products or check their qualities. Besides，you cannot enjoy walking around the shops and talking with your friends.
Ⅵ.(2016原创预测)连词成句。
1．club，you，did，join，a
________________________________________________________________________
2．again，don't，for，late，class，arrive
________________________________________________________________________.
3．time，you，breakfast，do，have，what
________________________________________________________________________
4．the，library，quiet，in，have，to，be，we
________________________________________________________________________.
5．about，it，to，takes，minutes，ten，school，get，to，me
________________________________________________________________________.
Ⅶ.(2015泰安中考)书面表达。
假如你是某中学初三(1)班班长李华，请你为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文，记述你们前天主题班会 “To be sent to school or not”的讨论情况。
内容要点包括：
1．部分同学认为上学应该接送，省时又安全；
2．部分同学认为步行或骑自行车是最好的方式，环保又健身；
3. 你的看法和建议。
注意：
(1)词数：80～100；
(2)可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；
(3)文中不要出现真实姓名和校名。
To be sent to school or not
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________