2016中考英语（人教版）教材知识梳理 七年级(下)　Units 9—12学案

七年级(下)　Units 9—12
中考基础知识梳理
类别 课标考点要求
词汇攻关 1.high→(名词)________2．farm→(名词)________3．slow→(反义词)________4．mouse→(复数)________5．act→(名词)动作________→(名词)男演员________→(名词)女演员________6．person→(形容词)________7．wake→(形容词)________8．sheep→(复数)________9．cheap→(反义词)________→(副词)________ 10.thin→(反义词)胖的________→(反义词)浓密的________→(比较级)________→(最高级)________11．potato→(复数)________12．love→(形容词)________13．nature→(形容词)________14．surprise→(形容词)________15．different→(名词)________→(副词)________→(反义词)________
短语归纳 1.点菜____________2．许愿____________3．受欢迎，流行____________4．给……带来好运____________5．给奶牛挤奶____________6．骑马____________7．喂鸡____________8．在乡下，在农村____________9．总的说来____________ 10.对……感兴趣____________11．深夜不睡，熬夜____________12．跑开____________13．放风筝____________14．搭起，举起____________15．吃惊____________16．上上下下____________17．把……弄醒____________18．切碎____________
句型再现 1.“她长什么样？”“她留着长直发。”—____________？—She ____________.2．“你需要什么？”“我还没想好。”—____________ you like —____________ yet.3．你想吃哪种面条？____________ would you like 4．蜡烛的数量就是这个人的年龄。____________ the person's age.5．卡罗尔拍了些照片吗？________Carol ____________？6．“上周的旅行怎么样？”“棒极了。”—____________ your trip last week —It was ________. 7.然后导游教我们如何制作机器人模型。Then the guide taught us ____________.8．礼品店里的东西这么贵。我一点都不喜欢这次行程。The things in the gift shop were so expensive.I ________ like the trip________.9．这就是为什么学习第二语言很重要的原因。That's why ____________ a second language.10．在那里我们架起帐篷，生火取暖并做饭。There we put up our tents and made a fire ________ and cook food on.11．但是我太累了，所以早早就睡觉了。But I was ____________ I went to sleep early.12．我们看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。We saw a big snake ____________.
语法结构 一般过去时
话题 1.Physical appearance(外貌特征)2．Food(食物) 3.School trips(校园旅行)4．Weekend activities(周末活动)
河北五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
(　　)1.(2014河北31题)How ________Cindy grows！She's almost as tall as her mother now.
A．cute　　　　　B．strong
C．fast D．straight
(　　)2.(2012河北39题)________ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine.
A．Cut down B．Look down
C．Turn down D．Put down
(　　)3.(2011河北31题)We'd better wait ________more minutes.I think Jeff will come soon.
A．a few　 B．few　 C．a little　 D．little
◆动词的时态
(　　)4.(2014河北40题)The teacher is already standing here.Do you know when she ______？
A．comes B．came
C．is coming D．was coming
(　　)5.(2013河北37题)Ken ________his jacket in the gym.He has to get it back.
A．left B．leaves
C．is leaving D．was leaving
(　　)6.(2012河北41题)Your sweater looks smart.Where ________you ________it
A．do；get B．did；get
C．will；get D．have；got
河北中考重难点突破
　if conj.如果
【考点抢测】
1．I don't know if it________(rain) tomorrow.If it ________(rain) tomorrow，the sports meeting will be put off till next week.
2．If I ________(be) you，I'd take a gift to Peter's party.
(　　)3.(2015石家庄40中模拟)I think that studying in pairs or groups is necessary ________ you want to learn from each other in class.
A．though　　　　B．until
C．unless D．if
【满分点拨】
if的常见用法辨析
if
如果 引导条件状语从句 主句使用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时
是否 引导宾语从句(＝whether) ①主句是一般现在时，从句根据具体情况使用相应时态②主句是一般过去时，从句使用相对应的过去时态
【误区警示】
if引导表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句时，从句中使用一般过去时(be动词通常用were)，主句用would/should/could＋动词原形。
If I were you，I would accept his offer.
如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。
巧学妙用：
if条件句不一般，几个要点记心间：
条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。
条件句，表可能，主句多用将来时。
　辨析a little，little，a few与few
【考点抢测】
4．There are ________books left.We can't lend you any one.
5．Li Ping has learned Russian for four years，and he can speak ________ Russian now.
6．There is ________ink in my pen.Please give me ________.
7．The question is so difficult that ________students can answer it.
8．Can't you walk ________faster
9．I have quite ________books on art.
【满分点拨】
few 表“否定”，“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here.这儿他几乎没朋友。
a few 表“肯定”，“有一点”之意，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket.篮子里有几个苹果。
little 表“否定”，“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没水了。
a little 表“肯定”，“有一点”之意，修饰不可数名词。 Don't worry.There is a little time left.别担心，还有一点时间。
图解助记：
　would like…句型
10．—________(你想要) some coffee
—No，thanks.
11．I ________(想) you to have supper with my family.
12．Do you like ________the mountain in spring？你喜欢春天爬山吗？
(　　)13.(2015重庆中考A卷)—Would you like something to drink
—________.I'm thirsty.
A．Yes，I can B．No，thanks
C．Yes，please D．No，I don't like it
【满分点拨】
would like的用法
(1)'d like是would like的缩写形式，would like相当于want。其常见用法：
①would like to do sth.＝want to do sth.想要做某事
②would like sb. to do sth.＝want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
③Would you like sth.？你想要某物吗？(客气请求)
肯定答语：Yes，please.
否定答语：No，thanks.
④Would you like to do sth.？你愿意做某事吗？(表示：请、建议)
肯定答语：Yes，I'd like/love to.
否定答语：I'd love to，but…
(2)would like/want/feel like的用法辨析
①would like和want后接名词、不定式或复合宾语，feel like后接名词或动词 ing形式。
②would like比want语气委婉。
　interested adj.感兴趣的
【考点抢测】
14．Tom is ________ in the film.
15．This is an ________ book.
16．I visited many places of ________.
(　　)17.(2015烟台中考)I think Spiderman is ______ cartoon(动画片) I've ever seen.
A．interesting
B．more interesting
C．most interesting
D．the most interesting
【满分点拨】
辨析interested，interesting与interest
interested 形容词 “感到有趣的”，只作表语，主语通常是人。be interested in sth.对某事(物)感兴趣；be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣。
interesting 形容词 “有趣的”，作表语或定语，主语通常是物。
interest 名词 “兴趣”，places of interest名胜。
　辨析surprise，surprised与surprising
【考点抢测】
18．We were ________(对……吃惊) the good result.
19．She looked at me ________(吃惊地) just now.
20．We ________(对……惊讶) hear he had left for London.
21．________(令我感到吃惊的是)，Mary hasn't returned my book so far.
(　　)22.(2015石家庄42中模拟)What ________news it is！We are ________at it.
A．surprising；surprised
B．surprised；surprised
C．surprising；surprising
D．surprise；surprised
【满分点拨】
surprise
v.使惊讶
n.惊讶 in surprise惊讶地to one's surprise出乎意料
surprised adj.感到惊讶的，主语是人 be surprised at对……感到惊讶
surprising adj.令人惊讶的 用来修饰物
　What does he look like？他长什么样？
【考点抢测】
(　　)23.(2014昆明中考)—________？
—He is of medium build and has straight hair.
A．What does his uncle do
B．What does his uncle look like
C．What can his uncle do
D．What is his uncle doing
【满分点拨】
What does/do＋主语＋look like？用来询问某人外貌特征，意思是“……看上去什么样？”，常用“主语＋be＋描述人物外貌特征的形容词”或“主语＋have/has＋名词(名词前可以有多个形容词修饰)”两种方式回答。
—What does your friend look like
——你的朋友长什么样？
—He is short and thin.——他又矮又瘦。
—What do they look like
——他们长什么样？
—They're very tall.They have short straight hair.
——他们很高，留着短的直发。
【归纳拓展】
“What is sb. like？”意为“某人是怎样的人？”，既可以用来询问人的外貌，也可以用来询问人的性格、品质等内在特征。
—What is your father like
——你爸爸是怎样的一个人？
—He is tall and handsome，and he's very kind.
——他又高又帅，而且还很善良。
　What an interesting job they have！他们有一份多么有趣的工作啊！
【考点抢测】
(　　)24.(2015保定17中模拟)—________ foggy day!
—Something must be done to solve the haze problem.
A．How　　B．What　　C．What a
【满分点拨】
此句是一个由what引导的感叹句。感叹部分为What an interesting job，they为主语，have为谓语。what的意思是“多么”，用作定语，修饰名词，其句式结构为：What＋(a/an)＋形容词＋可数名词单(复)数/不可数名词＋其他！感叹句中谓语有时可省略，有时主语和谓语一起省略。
【归纳拓展】
what引导的感叹句
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！
What＋adj.＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)
how引导的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！
How＋adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)！
巧学妙记：
巧记感叹句
感叹句，表情感，how，what放句前。
名词词组用what，how后形副紧相连。
常考话题写作指导
校园旅行
◆写作导图
从全国近五年校园旅行相关话题书面表达的命题来看，通常有三个角度的内容：
1．旅行前的准备：通常包含旅行目的、旅行地点、出游交通方式、必备物品、出发时间等。
2．旅行时需要注意的事项：保护环境，不乱扔垃圾；遵守规章制度；积极主动帮助他人等。
3．旅游方式的描述。
4．旅行后的收获。
结合河北考情，可以预测第一种考查角度几率更大。
◆亮点句型速成
常用句型：I had some experiences.I traveled in Beijing.
推荐句型：→I had some experiences when I traveled in Beijing.
常用句型：I could go traveling to a tourist attraction.I enjoyed myself in the summer holiday.
推荐句型：→I could go traveling to a tourist attraction to enjoy myself in the summer holiday.
1．I'm so excited about my trip to…
2．I hope you will have a good time here.
3．Every month，we go on a school trip to a museum or a theater.
4．I will meet many people and make friends with them during my trip.
5．It's not surprising that so many students can't wait to go traveling after the examination!
6．I want to travel to the Great Wall one day.
7．There's a ten thirty flight in the morning.
8．We have only one day for New York.
9．I'm very glad to be your guide.
10．I don't know which place is the most beautiful.
11．You'd better wear your sports shoes.
◆写作模板
I want to travel to 地方，and I want to go there 和谁一起．I think I will relax myself in the journey.I can see 旅途中所见所闻．I will take 旅游所带的东西．And I will also take a camera.I'll take photos of 所拍景点．These photos will 照片的作用．When I become old，I can 和谁一起分享 about it.The trip is so interesting that I will never forget.
◆典例剖析
初中生活即将结束，一项调查结果显示很多同学想在考试后去旅游，但也有同学不喜欢旅游。请以“Traveling is…”为题写一篇约100词的英语作文谈谈你的看法。
要求：1.先把题目补充完整(可用interesting，boring等)；
2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．本文属于半命题式的书面表达，根据提示可以用interesting，boring等把题目补充完整，所以对于考生有一定的发展空间。若认为旅游有趣，需要写出旅游时能够做的事情(观光旅游、增长见识、结交新朋友等)；若认为旅游枯燥，需要写出旅游中烦恼的事(人多拥挤、旅游中的不愉快、睡眠不好、身体疲惫等)。
2．短文要求谈论你的看法，写作时用第二人称更好。
3．根据调查结果，谈谈你的看法，主要用一般现在时。
4．词数约100词，不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名。
【范文点评】
Traveling is interesting①Traveling__is__interes ting.You will have lots of fun things to do and see during the trip.②Just__imagine__that__you__are__walking__in__the__beautiful__mountains，enjoying the fresh air and listening to the birds singing.③It's__amazing，isn't__it？④Sometimes，you__may__meet__people__from__different__places__and__make__friends__with__them，which makes your trip a more pleasant one.⑤Also，you__may__have__many__interesting__things__to__share__with__your__friends when you are back.All the pleasure of your trip will be kept in your memory.⑥It's__not__surprising__that__so__many__students__can't__wait__to__go__traveling__after__the__examination！ ①开门见山，表明观点：旅游很有趣。②使用了宾语从句，在从句中使用三个进行时态表达想象中的旅游美景，让读者有身临其境的感觉，同时增加了句子的可读性。③使用反意疑问句再次强调旅游感受，显示了作者的语言运用能力不凡。④非限制性定语从句的使用，显示了作者深厚的语言功底，and连接的并列句使用自如，增加了文章的可读性，介词短语from different places作定语修饰people，也是增分的亮点。⑤also一词增强文章起伏，使文章前后呼应。when引导的时间状语从句，显示出句式的多样性。⑥以一个主语从句总结全文，说明旅游确实很有趣。can't wait to短语体现了动作的紧迫性，也给文章增色不少。
河北中考考点精练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(　　)1.(2015广安中考)—How many________can you see in the picture
—Two.
A．dog　　　B．child　　　C．sheeps　　　D．sheep
(　　)2.(2015海南中考改编) I think Zhou Xun is one of the best ________. I like her movies very much.
A．doctors B．players
C．actresses D．teachers
(　　)3. (2015铜仁中考)The story book is very ________ . I'm very ________ in it.
A．interesting; interested
B．interested；interesting
C．interest；interested
D．interesting；interest
(　　)4. (2015武汉中考)—Jason, would you please ________ this notice
—With pleasure.
A．put on B．put off
C．put up D．put out
(　　)5. (2015沈阳中考)— Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge
—Yes. She ________ it two years ago.
A．visits B．visited
C．has visited D．was visiting
(　　)6. (2015石家庄42中模拟) —I am going to be late for school today. It's 8：30 a．m.
—Don't ________. I can drive you there today.
A．worry B．speak C．arrive D．feel
(　　)7. (2015石家庄40中模拟) — Oh，you're reading a newspaper.Is there ______ in it
— I don't know. I read it just now.
A．new something B．anything new
C．something new D．new anything
(　　)8. (2015唐山友谊中学模拟)My daughter likes to eat dumplings ________ noodles. But she doesn't like cooking ________ washing the dishes.
A．and; and B．and; or
C．or; or D．or; and
Ⅱ.(2015保定17中模拟)完形填空。
Patrick never did his homework. “Too boring，” he said.He played baseball and basketball instead.He __1__ homework.
One day, Patrick's cat was playing with a little doll and he took it away. To his surprise it wasn't a doll at all，__2__ a tiny elf(精灵). The elf shouted, “Save me! You can make a wish if you don't give me back to the __3__．”Patrick couldn't believe how lucky __4__ was, “Please do all my homework and guarantee(保证) I can get A's in exams.”
The little elf thought for a while and then he said, “OK, no problem！”
And true to his word, that little elf began to do Patrick's homework. However, the elf didn't always __5__ what to do and he needed help. While doing reading homework, the elf asked Patrick to __6__ something in the dictionary for him; when doing math, the elf needed Patrick to sit beside, teaching him how to add numbers.
In fact, Patrick was working harder than ever! He was staying up nights and never felt __7__．Finally the __8__ day of school arrived and the elf was free to go. As for __9__， there was no more, so he slipped(溜走) out of the back door.Patrick __10__ his A's，his classmates were surprised，his teachers smiled and were full of praise. He became a good student.
(　　)1. A．enjoyed B．hated
C．wanted D．did
(　　)2. A．but B．so C．if D．and
(　　)3. A．dog B．boy C．cat D．girl
(　　)4. A．she B．he C．it D．one
(　　)5. A．know B．teach C．want D．shout
(　　)6. A．look out B．look for
C．look after D．look up
(　　)7. A．nervous B．tired
C．proud D．hungry
(　　)8. A．first B．second C．last D．third
(　　)9. A．housework B．knowledge
C．information D．homework
(　　)10. A．got B．bought C．found D．learned
Ⅲ.(2015徐州中考)阅读理解。
I know I' m not an ordinary(普通的) ten year old kid.I mean, sure, I do ordinary things. I eat ice cream. I ride my bike. I play volleyball. Things like that make me ordinary, I guess. And I feel ordinary, inside. But I know ordinary kids don't make other ordinary kids run away crying. I know ordinary kids don't get stared at wherever they go.
If I could have one wish, I would wish that I had a normal face that no one ever noticed at all. I would wish that I could walk down the street without people seeing me and then looking away in a strange way.
I'm used to people's response(反应) now. I know how to pretend I don't see the faces people make. Mom and Dad are also used to that kind of thing. However, Kate, my sister, can't stand it. She can get really angry when people do something rude. For example, one time in the playground some older kids made some noises when they saw me. Kate heard the noises and just started shouting at the kids. Kate doesn't think I am ordinary. She says she does, but if I were ordinary, she wouldn't feel like she needs to protect me as much. And Mom and Dad don't think I am ordinary, either. I think the only person in the world that realizes how ordinary I am is me. My name is August, by the way. I was born with a facial deformity(面部畸形). I only want to be treated as an ordinary kid.I won't describe what I look like. It's probably worse than what you can imagine.
(　　)1. What is August's wish
A．To become younger.
B．To have more friends.
C．To have a normal face.
D．To have a sister who understands her.
(　　)2. Kate shouted at the children because she wanted to ________.
A．show she was strong
B．protect August
C．be special
D．know their response
(　　)3. From the last paragraph, we can learn that August ________．
A．often describes what she looks like
B．wants to be treated as an ordinary kid
C．has had her facial deformity for five years
D．hates other people
Ⅳ.(2016张家口西区一模)任务型阅读。
This summer my family decided to take our vacation where the sun shines 24 hours a day！We went to Iceland.Although it sounded far away，it was actually only about 5 hours by plane from New York City.
Day 1
Today we walked around the capital city of Iceland.Reykjavik is a European city filled with lots of history，shopping and good restaurants.One famous place in Reykjavik is the big church in the city center.The famous film Die Another Day was shot(拍摄) here in 2002.
Day 2
We took a bus to go through the beautiful National Park，and then we went to Golden Waterfall in the highlands and the geysers(间歇泉)．
There were several ________ geysers that we were able to stand right near.The geysers threw up hot water every ten minutes and it was a sight to see.Hot water from the geysers in one of Iceland's greatest treasures.Not only is it used to heat houses and produce electricity(电) but it is also wonderful to just sit in it.
We also went to see several waterfalls and were even able to walk behind one of the waterfalls.It__is__unusual__to__be__able__to__touch__a__waterfall__in__nature.It was a very exciting day.
Day 3
Tired and exhausted from all the excitement of this wonderful country，we took a taxi to the airport.Goodbye，Iceland.I am really looking forward to our return.
1题完成句子；2题简略回答问题；3题将文中横线处空缺的一个单词填写在下面的答题线上；4题找出第一段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。
1．Reykjavik is a European city ________．
2．What's the speciality of geysers in Iceland
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Ⅴ.(2016原创预测)词语运用。
Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea.What made the students (1)________(surprise) was that all the cups on the table were different. Each of them took a cup and started drinking their own tea, looking at the (2)________(other) cups.
The teacher said，“Do you notice your behavior You are all (3)________(look) at each other's tea cups and some of you even envy(羡慕) the finer cups of others.” Then he went on: “I (4)p________ the different cups here on purpose! Life is like this tea.You all have the (5)s________ thing in your cups tea.And yet you can't really enjoy it in your envy of another's cup. You forget to enjoy your own life when you envy someone else's life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from？”
Ⅵ.(2015保定8中模拟)连词成句。
1. straight, do, have, hair, they
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2. did, for, Jack, where, vacation, go
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3. we, museum, visited, a
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4. delicious, soup, and, enjoy, come, the
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5. of, long, the, noodles, symbol, long, a，are, life
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Ⅶ.(2015资阳中考)书面表达。
某中学生英文报正开辟专栏讨论中学生如何减压。假设你叫李华，请从以下几个方面，用英语写出你的具体做法，向该栏目投稿。
1．与他人交流；
2．参加体育运动；
3．参加娱乐活动；
4．其他减压方式。
参考词汇：stressed adj. 有压力的
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)文中不得出现真实人名及学校名；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.
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Yours，
Li Hua