2016中考英语（人教版）教材知识梳理 八年级(上)　Units 9—10

八年级(上)　Units 9—10
中考基础梳理
类别 课标考点要求
词汇攻关 1.prepare→(名词)________2．invite→(名词)________3．accept→(反义词)________4．with→(反义词)________5．surprise→(形容词)令人惊奇的________→(形容词)感到惊奇的________ 6.open→(名词)________→(反义词)关闭________→(反义词的形容词)关闭的________7．advice→(动词)________8．normal→(副词)________9．certain→(副词)________10．understand→(名词)________
短语归纳 1.为……做准备________________2．其他时间，别的时间________________3．闲逛，常去某处________________4．前天________________5．后天________________6．照料，照顾________________7．拒绝________________ 8.去旅行________________9．盼望，期待________________10．保守秘密________________11．分成两半________________12．去看医生________________13．患流感________________14．以书面形式回复……________________
句型再现 1.“星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗？”“当然了，非常乐意。”—________________ my party on Saturday afternoon —Sure，________________．2．真抱歉，我没有空。I'm sorry.I'm ________________．3．萨姆要一直待到下周三才走。Sam ________________ next Wednesday.4．事先不通知斯蒂恩老师，把她带到聚会上来，以便让她感到惊喜。Bring Ms.Steen to the party ________________ so that she can be ________．5．我盼望你们的答复。I ____________________ you all.6．希望你能应约！Hope you can ________！ 7.如果他们今天聚会，会发生什么事？________________ if they have the party today 8．能请你给我一些建议吗？Can you ________________ please 9．如果我们不和别人说一说自己的烦恼，我们当然会感到更糟糕。________________，we'll certainly feel worse.10．他认为第一步就是找个信任的人去倾诉。He thinks the first step is ______________．11．在英语中，我们说与人分担一个烦恼就像把麻烦分成两半。In English，we say that ________________ is like ________________．12．因此，只要跟别人聊聊这个问题，你就已经解决了问题的一半！So you're ________________ a problem just by talking to someone about it！
语法结构 条件状语从句。
话题 1.Cooking(烹饪)2．Invitations(邀请)3．Making Plans(制定计划)
河北五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
1．(2014河北84题)Jim ________ the TV and watched the football game.(turn on)
2．(2014河北85题)Mr.Zhang owns a teahouse.It ________ tea in special bowls.(serve)
(　　)3.(2014河北30题)I want a sweet milk.Put some ________ in my cup，please.
A．ice　　　　　　　B．soup
C．salt D．sugar
河北中考重难点突破
　辨析turn on，turn off，turn up与turn down(2014年河北84题、2010年河北35题)
【考点抢测】
1．The room is a little cold.I want to ________ the heat.
2．I was so surprised that he ________(出席) my invitation.
3．I can hardly hear the radio.Could you please ________ it ________(开大点)
4．Nothing could make the brave man ________(与……反目) his motherland.
5．Don't rush.Please wait in line and get on the bus ________(依次地，轮流地)．
(　　)6.(2015石家庄40中模拟)He forgot to ________ the radio and thus missed the program.
A．turn on　　　　　　　B．turn down
C．turn off D．turn up
【满分点拨】
turn on意为“(把水源、煤气、电源等)打开”，其反义词组为turn off。turn down意为“(把收音机的音量、灯等)关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。这些短语中on，off，up，down均为副词，后接代词时，应放在词组中间；后接名词时，放中间放后面均可。
She sat down and turned up the radio.她坐下来，把收音机开大。
The radio is very loud.Can you turn it down a little？收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗？
Turn up the radio.(＝Turn the radio up.)把收音机的声音调大一点。
【归纳拓展】open/close“开/关”
open指把关着的门、窗、箱、盒等打开，反义词为close。
It's hot in the room.Open the window，please.
屋里很热。请把窗子打开。
Remember to close the door when you leave.
离开时记着关上门。
图解助记：
　fill的用法
【考点抢测】
7．I am sorry.Your paper is ________(充满) mistakes.
8．He ________his life ________(用……填满) busy work and endless sadness.
9．He remembered losing a schoolbag ________(装满) books.
(　　)10.(2015沧州13中模拟)I picked up a wallet ________money on my way home.
A．fill with B．full of
C．fill of D．full with
【满分点拨】
辨析full与fill
full是形容词，意思是“满的”，与of组成be full of短语。如：
The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。
fill作动词，意思是“装满”，与with组成be filled with，表示“用……把……装满”。如：
The basket is filled with apples by the old man.那位老人给篮子装满了苹果。
　until的用法
【考点抢测】
11．我直到完成作业才回家。
I won't go home ________ I finish my homework.
12．昨晚我们等到大雨停了。
Yesterday we ________the heavy rain stopped.
(　　)13.(2015石家庄28中模拟)He didn't remember leaving the key at home ________he got to the office.
A．until　B．unless　C．if　D．though
【满分点拨】
until的用法：用于肯定句，意思是“直到……”，谓语动词应为持续性动词。用于否定句，和not构成“not…until”结构，意思是“直到……才……”，谓语动词一般为终止性动词。如：
She didn't go to bed until 12：00 last night.
昨天晚上她直到12点才睡觉。
They won't get up until 11 o'clock next morning.
他们直到第二天上午11点才起床。
图解助记：
【温馨提示】
当until引导时间状语从句时，从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
　invite的用法
【考点抢测】
(　　)14.(2015荆州中考)He went to the party without ________．
A．being invited B．inviting
C．invited D．being inviting
15．Thanks for ________(invite) me to your birthday party.
16．I received his i________ to the film，but I didn't go because of the strong wind.
17．He didn't ________(邀请我吃晚饭) with them.
18．She was polite but she didn't ________ me ________(邀请我进去)．
【满分点拨】
invite为动词，意为“邀请，恳请”，常见搭配有：
如：Jim invited me to his house.吉姆邀请我去他家。
I'll invite Lily to have dinner with me.我将邀请莉莉和我共进晚餐。
【知识拓展】
派生词：invitation (n.)邀请
Thanks for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。
　keep的用法
【考点抢测】
19．Her mother asked her to ________(把窗户打开，门关上)．
20．—How long may I ________(保管) this book
—For about two weeks.
21．You'd better ________ the child ________(使……远离) the fire.
22．The bad weather ________ us ________(使……不能出门)．
23．Don't ________them waiting for long.
24．The other students in the class ________(赶上) him.
(　　)25.(2015保定8中模拟)Please ________these things for me while I am away.
A．keep B．remember
C．look D．think
【满分点拨】
keep的用法
(1)用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保持；保守”，后跟名词或动词 ing形式。如：
Could you keep these letters for me，please
你能替我保存这些信吗？
Can you keep a secret
你能保守秘密吗？
(2)用作及物动词，意为“使……保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)”。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词 ing形式和过去分词等充当。如：
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词)我们应保持教室整洁干净。
You'd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。
The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。
Don't keep me waiting for long.(动词 ing形式)别让我等太久。
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。
(3)用作连系动词，构成系表结构：keep＋表语，意为“保持，继续(处于某种状态)”。其中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如：
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词)你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草地。
keep的常用句型
句型 含义 例句
keep doingsth. 继续干某事(keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v. ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。) Keep passing the ball to each other，and you'll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就行。
keep ondoing sth. 持续做某事 The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。
keep…fromdoing sth. 阻止……做某事 The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。
　catch v．及时赶上；接住；抓住
【考点抢测】
26．他们不得不早起去赶早班公交车。
They had to get up early________ ________the early bus.
27．你要努力才能赶上班里的其他同学。
You should work hard to ________ ________ ________ the other classmates.
28．(2015威海中考)We got up early and c________ early train back.
【满分点拨】
catch一词多义记心中
　accept v．接受
【考点抢测】
29．我们能够接受他的邀请。
We can ________ his invitation.
30．你到英国时一定会受到热烈欢迎。
You will ________ a warm welcome when you come to England.
(　　)31.(2015泰州中考)—Would you please see the film Iron Man 3 with me tonight，Kate
—I'd love to，but I've ________ Linda's invitation to dinner.
A．suffered　　　　B．earned
C．received　　　　D．accepted
【满分点拨】
accept “接受”，主观上愿意接受。
receive “收到”，客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。
图解助记：
【一言辨异】
I received his gift yesterday，but I wouldn't like to accept it.
昨天我收到了他的礼物，但是我不想接受它。
　advice n．劝告；建议
【考点抢测】
32．你能给我一些建议吗？
Can you give me ________ ________ please
33．我要给你提一条建议。
I'll give you ________ ________ ________ ________．
(　　)34.(2015唐山12中模拟)My teacher gave me much ________ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
A．advice B．question
C．suggestion D．problem
【满分点拨】
advice的用法
(1)advice“劝告；建议”，是不可数名词，无复数形式，也不能直接与不定冠词连用。
(2)表达数量时要借助于piece，
a piece of advice“一条建议”；
two pieces of advice“两条建议”。
【归纳拓展】
　unless conj.除非；如果不
【考点抢测】
35．如果我们不与人交谈，我们必定会感觉更糟。
________ we talk to someone，we'll certainly feel worse.
36．I won't go to the party unless Tom ________(invite) me.
(　　)37.(2015扬州中考)—The air pollution is terrible.
—It will be worse ________ we take action to protect the environment.
A．if　　　B．unless　　　C．until　　　D．when
【满分点拨】
(1)unless连词，意为“除非；如果不”；引导条件状语从句，表达否定意义。
(2)主句用一般将来时，unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
【温馨提示】
unless可与if引导的否定的条件状语从句进行同义句转换。
We'll go hiking unless it rains tomorrow.＝We'll go hiking if it doesn't rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们将去远足。
　Do you know how__to__plant__a__tree？你知道怎样植树吗？
【考点抢测】
(　　)38.(2015哈尔滨中考)We have two rooms ________，but I don't know ________．
A．to live；to choose which one
B．to live in；which one to choose
C．live；which one to choose
【满分点拨】
“疑问词＋不定式”是由疑问代词who，whom，what，which；疑问副词when，how，where等加不定式构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
【归纳拓展】
(1)“疑问词＋不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时只需在疑问词后加一适当主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。
(2)“疑问词＋不定式”结构经常放在tell，show，teach，learn，know，wonder，discuss，remember，forget，find out等动词(词组)之后作宾语。
The young woman doesn't know what to do.
这位年轻女士不知道做什么。
　If we ask people to bring food，they'll just bring potato chips and chocolate because they'll be too lazy to cook.如果我们让大家带食物的话，他们将只会带薯条和巧克力，因为他们太懒而不想做饭。
【考点抢测】
(　　)39.(2015石家庄41中模拟)—I haven't seen my grandparents for long.I'm too busy ________ them these days.
—Why not call them instead
A．visit B．to visit
C．visiting D．visits
(　　)40.(2015黔西南中考)Lucy isn't__old__enough__to carry box.
A．is so young that she can
B．isn't young enough to
C．is too young to
D．is so young to
【满分点拨】
(1)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”句型，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”句型中，动词不定式常加不定式的逻辑主语for sb.。例如：This English book is too difficult for me to read.这本英语书太难了，我读不懂。
(3)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”句型，可与not…enough to do句型转换；亦可与so/such…that…句型转换，此时that从句用否定结构。
He is too young to do the work.
＝He is not old enough to do the work.
＝He is so young that he cannot do the work.
中考热点拓展
网络安全
据报道我国的网络经常受到黑客的攻击。如何采取有效的措施来保护我国的网络安全及个人隐私和财产安全已经迫在眉睫。请根据以下内容写一篇短文。
提示：
1．We should pay attention to our personal information；
2．Scientists are studying about how to protect our national cyber security.
要求：
(1)所写短文需包括要求中的所有信息；
(2)所给的参考词汇供选用，可适当发挥；
(3)词数：60～80。
参考词汇：privacy(个人隐私)，secure(安全的)，anti virus software(杀毒软件)，install(安装)，cyber security(网络安全)
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河北中考考点精练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(　　)1. (2015乌鲁木齐中考) Our teachers usually give us some ________ on how to face the difficulties and challenges ________．
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．advice; brave B．advices; brave
C．advices; bravely D．advice; bravely
(　　)2. (2015广州中考) The boy looked ________ because he didn't pass his math exam.
A．sad B．sadness
C．saddest D．sadly
(　　)3. (2015新疆中考) My mother is ill. I have to ________ her in the hospital after class.
A．look after B．look up
C．take care D．take after
(　　)4. (2015襄阳中考) —Could you ________ the computer for me, dear I want to check my e mails.
—Certainly, I'll do it right away.
A．turn on B．turn down
C．turn off D．turn up
(　　)5. (2015唐山友谊中学模拟) Jenny is not busy today, so she ________Joe's invitation to join him for lunch.
A．accepted B．made
C．refused D．replied
(　　)6. (2015金华中学模拟) —Do you think if Bill will love this gift
—He will ________ love it. This is his favorite book.
A．finally B．certainly
C．carefully D．hardly
(　　)7. (2015泊头实验中学模拟) —Why was Mr. Smith ________ with Jack
—Because he worked worse than the others.
A．angry B．interesting
C．glad D．happy
(　　)8. (2015石家庄28中模拟) —Daniel looks ________.
—Yes. He lost his camera this morning.
A．surprised B．upset
C．fantastic D．successful
(　　)9. (2016原创预测) — Do you know Avril will hold a ________ in Beijing in December
—Really She is my favorite singer.
A．concert B．meeting
C．action D．discussion
Ⅱ.(2015无锡中考)阅读理解。
The Odd Life of Timothy Green Type：dramaDirected by: Peter Hedges Release date(上映日期): August 15, 2012The film is about a boy who has a very strong effect(影响) on the people in his town. The CroodsType：3D cartoon; comedy Directed by: Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders Release date: March 22, 2013Long long ago, a man's position(地位) as a leader is threatened(威胁) by the arrival of a very clever man who has invented many things like fire.
Hotel TransylvaniaType：cartoon; comedyDirected by：Genndy TartakovskyRelease date：September 28, 2012Dracula is the owner of Hotel Transylvania.He doesn't like Jonathan, who stays in his hotel，so he tries to stop his da ughter，Mavis, from f alling in love with him. Wreck It RalphType：3D cartoon; comedyDirected by：Rich MooreRelease date: November 2, 2012The film tells a story of Wreck It Ralph, a “bad man” in a computer game, who dreams of being a hero.
(　　)1.Which of the following is not a cartoon
A．The Odd Life of Timothy Green.
B．The Groods.
C．Hotel Transylvania.
D．Wreck It Ralph.
(　　)2. The director of Hotel Transylvania is ________.
A．Chris Sanders
B．Peter Hedges
C．Genndy Tartakovsky
D．Rich Moore
(　　)3. ________ of the above films began to show in 2012.
A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four
(　　)4. Who is Mavis
A．She is the leader of a town.
B．She is Dracula's daughter.
C．She is Wreck It Ralph's friend.
D．She is a character in a computer game.
(　　)5. From the passage, we can learn that __________．
A．only two of the films are comedies
B．The Croods tells a story that happened in the modern world
C．Jonathan is an inventor
D．Dracula doesn't like the man who stays in his hotel
Ⅲ.(2015承德双桥模拟)任务型阅读。
Brighton is a famous holiday town next to the sea in Sussex on the southeast coast of England.It only takes 50 minutes on a fast train here from London.
The town usually has a population of 134，000.But in summer this number increases a lot as Brighton gets a lot of tourists.They come here to spend their holiday by sea.It is a very busy place at this time of the year，and there always seems to be a party going on.
A long time ago Brighton was a quiet fishing town.It even had a different name Brightthelmstone.Later on，when swimming in the sea became popular，many rich and important people，as well as artists，musicians and writers began to arrive and Brighton became a popular seaside holiday town.Prince George first visited Brighton in 1783.He__liked__it__and__used__to__spend__part__of__the__summer__there.He asked John Nash a very famous builder then，to build him a palace—the Royal Pavilion.It took about 40 years to build the palace and it cost half a million pounds!
Many famous and important people enjoyed visiting Brighton over the years.Now more than 400，000 tourists visit Brighton and the palace every year.
The Royal Pavilion is not the only interesting thing in Brighton.In May this friendly and colorful town holds an international festival with many different kinds of music，dance，and theater.
1题判断正误(“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误)；2题完成句子，3～4题根据短文内容回答问题；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
(　　)1.Brighton is a famous holiday town next to the sea in Sussex on the southeast coast of England.
2．You only have to spend ________ getting to Brighton from London by train.
3．What was Brighton a long time ago
________________________________________________________________________
4．How much did the palace cost
________________________________________________________________________
5．________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.(2016原创预测)词语运用。
1. “How dare you take flowers from my garden！” he shouted ________．
2. I have not ________ my uncle for a long time.
3. My sister often wears ________ Chinese clothes.
4．Many ________ come to China to visit the Great Wall every year.
5．Thank you for your ________. I'd like to go to your party.
Ⅴ.(2016原创预测)连词成句。
1．us, will, you, join, tomorrow
________________________________________________________________________
2. we，how，do，many，need，bananas
________________________________________________________________________
3. for，go，picnic, out, a, let's
________________________________________________________________________.
4. eat, many, for, noodles, people, rice, lunch
________________________________________________________________________.
5．to，I, party, the，take, will, bus, the
________________________________________________________________________.
Ⅵ.(2015十堰中考)书面表达。
在生活或学习中， 我们要与许多人交往：父母、老师、同学、朋友等等。学会怎样与人友善相处是非常重要的。比如尊重他人，相互理解，提供帮助……那么你觉得“友善待人”应该怎么做呢？谈谈你的看法。
要求：1. 文中不可出现真实人名与校名；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；
3. 词数：80～100，短文开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：respect, understand, help, relationship, contribute to(有助于), get on well with
There is no doubt that a friendly relationship is of great importance in our life.________________________________________________________________________
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