2016中考英语（人教版）教材知识梳理 八年级(上)　Units 7—8

八年级(上)　Units 7—8
中考基础知识梳理
类别 课标考点要求
词汇攻关 1.pollute→(名词)________2．peace→(形容词)________3．inside→(反义词)________4．celebrate→(名词)________5．possible→(反义词)________6．hole→(同音词)________7．travel→(名词)旅行者________ 8.fill→(形容词)________9．paper→(形近词)甜椒________10．salt→(形容词)________11．traditional→(名词)________12．believe→(形容词)________→(形容词的反义词)________
短语归纳 1.参与(某事)____________2．未来，将来____________3．太空站____________4．多次，反复地____________5．醒来，唤醒____________6．不同意____________7．突然倒下，跌倒，倒塌____________ 8.寻找，寻求____________9．奶昔____________10．接通，打开____________11．把……倒入……____________12．取出，拿出____________13．一片(块，张)……____________14．用……装满……____________
句型再现 1.“100年后人们还会使用钱吗？”“不会。一切都是免费的。”—________ people ________ money ________？—No，________．Everything will ________．2．“人们会活到200岁吗？”“会。”—Will people ________ 200 years old —Yes，________．3．每一个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。Everyone should ________ the earth.4．“世界会和平吗？”“会的，我希望如此。”—________world peace —Yes，________．5．现在已经有机器人在工厂工作了。Today ________ in factories.6．例如，科学家詹姆斯·怀特认为机器人将决不会醒来和知道它们在哪里。 For example，scientist James White thinks that robots will never ________ and know where they are.7．一些看上去像人，其他的一些可能看上去像动物。________ will look like humans，and ________ might look like animals.8．你是如何做香蕉奶昔的？________ a banana milk shake 9．我们需要多少苹果？________ do we need 10．然后加入卷心菜、西红柿和洋葱，再煮上10分钟。Then，add the cabbage，tomatoes and onion and ________．11．你知道如何种树吗？Do you know ________________？12．现在，到了享受米线的时候了！Now，____________ the rice noodles！
语法结构 1.一般将来时。2．可数名词和不可数名词。
话题 1.Entertainment(娱乐)2．Life Goals(生活目标)3．Life in the Future(未来的生活)
河北五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
1．(2011河北82题)They have invited a ________(science) to give them a speech on space.
(　　)2.(2013河北29题)Jason likes the ________of the cake.It is a heart.
A．color　B．size　C．smell　D．shape
(　　)3.(2011河北30题)Cici enjoys dancing.It's one of her ________．
A．prize B．prizes C．hobby D．hobbies
◆动词的时态
(　　)4.(2014河北39题)I'm busy now.I ________to you after school this afternoon.
A．talk B．talked
C．will talk D．have talked
(　　)5.(2013河北33题)We have no more vegetables in the fridge.I ________and buy some.
A．go B．went
C．will go D．was going
(　　)6.My sister wants a new dress.She ________it to the party.
A．wears B．has worn
C．wore D．is going to wear
(　　)7.(2015河北31题)I ________the shops.Can I get you anything
A．go to B．went to C．have gone to D．am going to
河北中考重难点突破
　sure adv.当然；肯定；一定
【考点抢测】
1．我父母想让我当一名医生，但是我不确定。
My parents want me to be a doctor，but I'm not ________ ________ that.
2．他一定会来参加我们的聚会的。
He ________ ________ ________ come to our party.
3．当你离开时务必关上灯。
________ ________ turn off the lights when you leave.
(　　)4.(2015石家庄28中模拟)There aren't many tickets left for the concert，you'd better ________ that you get one today.
A．make sure of　　　　B．make a decision
C．make sure D．make plans
【满分点拨】
sure的有关搭配
be sure of/about “确信……”“对……有把握”，在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物确信无疑。
be sure to do “一定；肯定”，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断；若用在祈使句中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要”“一定要”。
be sure＋从句 “肯定；有把握”，主语是人，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断。
make sure “确保；查明”，其后可跟that(可省略)引导的宾语从句、动词不定式或者of短语。
　be able to能够做……
【考点抢测】
5．Somebody is knocking at the door.Who ________ it be
6．I'll ________ drive the car in a few months.
(　　)7.(2015兰州中考)Finish your homework first，then you'll ________ surf the Internet for half an hour.
A．can B．need
C．be able to D．may
【满分点拨】
be able to与can的异同
异
时态 can只有两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to可以用于各种时态。
数 be able to有人称和数的变化，而can没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形。
用法 can除表示“能力”外，还可以表示请求、许可或猜测，而be able to则不可以。
同 表示“能力”时，两者同义，可以互换。
　promise n．承诺；诺言　v．许诺；承诺
【考点抢测】
8．它是一种许诺。
It's a kind of ________.
9．他承诺按时完成这项工作。
He ________ ________ ________ the work on time.
(　　)10.(2015石家庄42中模拟)A true man should keep__his__word and be honest.
A．break his word
B．keep his promise
C．close his mouth
【满分点拨】
promise
　take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做
【考点抢测】
11．我想在假期学习绘画。
I want to ______ ______ painting during holiday.
12．这项工作将占去我很多时间。
This work will ________ ________a lot of my time.
(　　)13.(2015随州中考)—Which hobby do you think ________ the least time
—Collecting stamps.
A．takes up B．puts up
C．gives up D．makes up
【满分点拨】
(1)take up意为“开始做；学着做”。
When did you take up music？你什么时候开始学音乐？
(2)take up还可以意为“占用”。
This chair takes up too much room.
这张椅子占地方太多。
【归纳拓展】
take的常见短语
　in one hundred years一百年之后
【考点抢测】
14．一百年之后人们还会使用钱吗？
________ people ________ money in 100 years
15．——他多久之后回来？
—________ ________ will he come back
——两天之后。
—In two days.
【满分点拨】
(1)in＋一段时间，意为“……之后”，表示以现在时间为起点的“一段时间之内(之后)”，常用于一般将来时。
(2)对“in＋一段时间”提问，用how soon。
in/after的不同
in 用来表示以现在为起点的将来某一段时间之后，后接时间段，常用于将来时。
after 既可接时间点又可接时间段，用于将来时或过去时。
　辨析expect，wish，hope与look forward to
【考点抢测】
16．When I was young，I ________I were a bird in the sky or a fish in the river.
17．Tony ________to arrive at 7 o'clock this evening.
18．Jenny ________hearing from her pen pal in Germany.
19．Teenagers ________their parents can understand them as well as their friends.
20．—Bob，we are moving this weekend.
—Congratulations！I ________you happiness in your new flat.
(　　)21.(2015烟台中考)We haven't seen each other for a long time.I am looking forward ________her this weekend.
A．to meet B．to be met
C．meeting D．to meeting
【满分点拨】
1．expect的用法：
(1)表示“期待；期望”，通常为及物动词，后接动词时要用不定式。如：
We should not expect success overnight.
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。
I didn't expect to find you here.
我没料到在这里碰到你。
He expected her to go with him.
他期望她同他一起去。
(2)expect还可表示“预计；预料”等。如：
I expect a storm.
我预计会有场暴风雨。
I expect that I will be back on Sunday.
我预计星期日回来。
2．wish意为“希望，想要，但愿”，常常表达一种虚拟语气，指“想要不可能的事情”或“也许可能，但是跟实际有差异”。后常跟代词、名词或不定式作宾语。wish跟从句时，常用虚拟语气。也可用于祝贺语中。如：
I wish to see the manager.我想见到那个经理。
I wish him to look at this.我希望他能够看看这个。
I wish I had more money.我希望我有更多的钱。
I wish you a pleasant journey！祝你旅途愉快！
3．hope意为“希望”，指相信有可能达到或实现的愿望，后常接动词不定式或that从句。如：
I hope to go to America next month.我希望下个月去美国。
I hope that they get here soon.我希望他们能尽快到这里。
4．look forward to(to是介词)意为“盼望，期待”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词不定式。如：
I'm looking forward to the holidays.我期望着假期。
I look forward to hearing from you.我期望收到你的来信。
　hundreds of许多；大量
【考点抢测】
(　　)22.(2015沧州8中模拟)—How soon will his father come back from London
—________ a week.
A．Since B．In
C．At D．On
23．The volunteers sent ________ (hundred) of books to a mountain village school on Children's Day.
24．Two ________(hundred) volunteers will give out leaflets to ask people to protect the wetlands.
(　　)25.(2015东营中考)When he arrived at the airport，Lee Minho found that ________ fans were waiting for him there.
A．hundred B．hundreds
C．hundred of D．hundreds of
【满分点拨】
确数与约数的表达
(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等数词，前面有具体的数字修饰，表示确数，其后不加 s，不和of连用。
(2)若表示一个约数，前面没有具体数字时，其后要加 s，而且与of连用。
　agree的用法
【考点抢测】
26．My mother agreed ________buy a new pen for me yesterday.
27．I'm afraid I couldn't agree ________you on this point.
28．The two sides didn't agree ________the date of the meeting.
29．My parents have no ideas about our vacation，so they have to agree ________my plan.
30．你同意还是反对他们的安排？
Do you ________or ________ ________their arrangement
【满分点拨】
词组 用法 例句
agreewith
表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等(即持同一观点)。 I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
表示“(食物、天气、工作等)对……适宜”。 The food does not agree with me.这食物对我不适合。
表示“与……一致”。 His story agrees with the facts.他的陈述与事实相符。
agree to
agree to＋某些名词，表示同意某事。 He agreed to the plan.他同意了这个计划。
agree to＋动词原形，表示同意做某事。 We agreed to leave early.我们同意早点出发。
agree on
主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。 Both sides agreed on these terms.双方就这些条件达成共识。
agree on＋动名词＝agree to＋动词原形 He agreed on helping us.＝He agreed to help us.他同意帮助我们。
　Do you think there will be robots in people's homes？你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗？
【考点抢测】
(　　)31.(2015张家口9中模拟)There ________ a sports meeting in our school next week.
A．will have B．is going to have
C．are going to be D．is going to be
(　　)32.(2015凉山中考)—________ any students in the classroom when the earthquake happened
—Yes，but they have been saved.
A．There were B．Was there
C．There are D．Were there
【满分点拨】
(1)本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，Do you think是主句，there will be…是宾语从句。
(2)there will be意为“将有；会有”，是there be句型的一般将来时，其否定形式是there won't be…，一般疑问句形式是will there be…？有时可以与There is/are going to be…互相转换。
【温馨提示】
(1)如果do you think放在句中，则为插入语，常放在疑问词之后，结构为：疑问词＋do you think＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分？
What time do you think the train will arrive here
你认为火车什么时间到达这里？
(2)there be句型的一个重要用法是“就近原则”，即谓语动词be和最靠近的名词在数上保持一致。
There is a book and two rulers on the desk.
桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。
There are two rulers and a book on the desk.
桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。
常考话题写作指导
未来的生活
◆写作导图
从全国近五年未来的生活相关话题书面表达的命题来看，通常有以下几个角度的内容：
1．谈谈短期一年内的生活变化和打算。
2．规划人生，成就未来，作为中学生首先要有梦想，对未来要有期待，并为了这个梦想努力坚守，才能梦想成真。
3．时代在变化，生活也在变，未来的生活是什么样子呢？
结合河北考情，可以预测第一种考查角度几率更大。
◆亮点句型速成
常用句型：I have a dream.I want to be a teacher.
推荐句型：→①I have a dream that I can be a teacher.
→②To be a teacher is my dream.
→③I hope that I can be a teacher.
(一)开头句
1．What do you think the world will be like in 100 years
2．What will the happy life be like
(二)中间句
3．I'm sure that I can be a teacher.
4．I should study hard from now on.
5．Everyone has a dream.
6．We can do shopping and see doctors without leaving home.
7．Time goes by.
8．Perhaps I will be a singer someday.
9．How time flies!
10．I'm going to be a pilot in ten years.
11．It will be exciting that intelligent robots can do what is required for us at home.
12．Good beginning is half done.
13．We never know what will happen in the future.
(三)结尾句
14．As long as we work hard，we will…
◆写作模板
It's exciting to imagine 未来生活的样子．At this time next year，I will be a senior high school student，and I will 交很多好朋友．I hope to be 对自己的期望 so that perhaps I will be 如何学习提高英语成绩．It will be 非常令人兴奋的 to do so.What's more，I will 生活上的变化和成长 and know how to take care of myself when I am alone.
◆典例剖析
Write at least 60 words about the topic“This time next year”．(以“明年此时”为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文)
你是否想象过，明年此时，你的生活会发生怎样的变化？你对自己或他人有怎样的期待？你能为此做些什么？
(注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。)
The following sentence patterns are for reference only.(以下句型仅供参考)
I hope to/I hope that…
Perhaps I will …
It will be exciting/necessary/terrible to…
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以看出文章需要从以下三个方面来写：
1．明年生活的变化，包括生活上和学习上；
2．对自己或他人学习和生活的期望；
3．为此美好的生活所做的努力。全文是对明年生活的描述所以应用一般将来时态，词数应不少于60词，不得出现真实姓名、校名及其他相关信息。
【范文点评】
This time next yearLife is changeable，and ①that's__why__everyone__longs__for__the__future，which__is__full__of__challenges__as__well__as__hopes.Perhaps I will have achieved my goal this time next year，②studying__in__a__senior__high__school.③Despite__that，diligence__will__be__still__needed__to__make__myself__go__further__in__English.Basically，it is important to concentrate in class and take notes carefully.Then，I will benefit from reading English books.What is more，going abroad is of great use in improving my oral English.④Only__in__this__way__can__I__make__progress__in__English__endlessly.　　⑤Make__plans__and__go__for__what__I__want.And I believe when the challenge is coming，the hope is also around the corner. ①文章一开头就使用了一个长难句点明主题，引出下文。why引导的表语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句开篇点题，抓住了阅卷老师的眼球，增分不少。②此句为v. ing形式作伴随状语。非谓语动词的使用显示了作者扎实的语法知识和语言运用能力，为短文增色亮点之一。③Despite that替代常见的although，彰显出作者丰富的词汇量。④Only置于句首句子要用倒装结构，显示出作者扎实的语法知识和语言运用能力。⑤以祈使句再次点题，对应开头，首尾呼应。且再次使用what引导的宾语从句使文章更加完美，提升了作文档次。
河北中考考点精练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(　　)1. (2015青岛中考) Yesterday Lucy told us such good ________ that we were all amazed at it.
A．news B．ideas
C．suggestion D．answer
(　　)2. (2015苏州中考)— Has Jane done the washing yet
— You cannot ________ her to do such a thing.
A．want　 B．hope　 C．expect　 D．wish
(　　)3.(2015广东中考) Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. I'm sure he can do the work with ________money and ________ people.
A．less; less B．fewer; more
C．more; fewer D．less; fewer
(　　)4. (2015汕尾中考) If people have problems, you should keep them to ________ and ask for help.
A．ourselves B．yourselves
C．themselves D．itself
(　　)5. (2015温州中考)—Have you watched the new movie Jurassic World, Steven
—Not yet. I ________ it with my cousin this evening.
A．will watch B．was watching
C．watched D．have watched
(　　)6. (2015邢台一模)— I will travel to Mount Tai. Could you tell me something about it
— Let me help you ______ the information about it.
A．find B．look at
C．find out D．know
(　　)7. (2015石家庄新华区模拟)Mo Yan is one of ________ writers in the world.
A．famous
B．more famous
C．most famous
D．the most famous
(　　)8. (2014张家口9中模拟)If a robot teacher ________ in your classroom, what do you think of it
A．shares B．appears
C．breaks D．wins
(　　)9. (2015沧州13中模拟)—I won't have time to go shopping with you this afternoon.
—But you ________ me yesterday.
A．knew B．forgot
C．promised D．remembered
(　　)10. (2016原创预测)— How soon will his father come back from London
— ________ a week.
A．Since B．In C．At D．On
Ⅱ.(2016原创预测)完形填空。
When my son, Haley, was nine years old, he was having a terrible time in school. He would cry when the teacher asked him to __1__. He would even hide under the table in order not to do his homework.
Then we took Haley to a hospital and __2__ he had dyslexia(读写困难)．
He __3__ getting help at school and learning ways to read better.
At the same time, I tried to do __4__ for him at home. I began to tell him __5__．When I ran out of stories, Haley asked __6__ to make up a new one.
After I told Haley the story I made up, he asked me to write it down.
Up to now, I have written five books and Haley has grown up. Haley has become a __7__ good student and a great reader. It wasn't easy, but I think my son is a hero!
Just this year, Haley decided that he wanted to be a(n) __8__ like me. He came into my office a few weeks ago and told me that his own manuscript(手稿) was 500 pages long.
That was pretty amazing for a person who didn't want to read when he was very __9__. I've learned from this that kids with dyslexia __10__be great readers and great writers if they are given the proper help.
(　　)1.A.sing B．dance C．read D．run
(　　)2. A．found out B．put out
C．thought up D．made up
(　　)3. A．stopped B．imagined
C．started D．suggested
(　　)4. A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
(　　)5. A．jokes B．stories
C．news D．decisions
(　　)6. A．her B．him C．us D．me
(　　)7. A．politely B．really
C．hardly D．mainly
(　　)8. A．writer B．artist
C．soldier D．doctor
(　　)9. A．complete B．young
C．patient D．healthy
(　　)10. A．must B．need C．should D．can
Ⅲ.(2015泰州中考)阅读理解。
One day I got in a taxi, and we left for the airport. We were driving in the right lane(车道)when, suddenly, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver stopped his car at once. The tire(轮胎) made a very loud noise, and at the very last moment our car stopped just one inch from the back of the other car.
I was frightened.But then I couldn't believe what happened next. The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, turned his head and started yelling at us. I couldn't believe it! But my taxi driver just smiled at the guy. So I asked, “Why did you just do that This guy almost sent us to hospital. ”
This is when my taxi driver taught me what I now call “The Law of the Rubbish Truck(垃圾车法则)”．He explained that many people are like rubbish trucks. They run around full of rubbish, full of anger and full of bad feelings. As their rubbish piles up，they look for a place to throw it away and sometimes they'll throw it at you. Don't take it personally. Just smile，wish them well, and move on. Don't take their rubbish and spread it to other people at work, at home or on the streets.
Successful people never let rubbish trucks change their moods. Life is too short to wake up in the morning with regrets, so love those who love you and pray(祈祷) for those who don't.
(　　)1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph
A．The writer went to the airport by taxi that day.
B．The taxi driver stopped his car in time.
C．The black car jumped out and crashed into the taxi.
D．A car accident nearly happened on the writer's way to the airport.
(　　)2. The underlined word yelling in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese.
A．道歉 B．傻笑 C．吼叫 D．告别
(　　)3. Why did the guy get angry so easily
A．Because he was in a bad mood.
B．Because his car was full of rubbish.
C．Because he was badly hurt by the taxi.
D．Because the taxi driver didn't say sorry to him.
(　　)4. From the passage, we can tell that the taxi driver is ________．
A．silly and dishonest
B．wise and friendly
C．helpful but nervous
D．modest but impatient
(　　)5. What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Fight with people like rubbish trucks.
B．Make friends with people like rubbish trucks.
C．Have a quarrel with people like rubbish trucks.
D．Don't let rubbish trucks change our moods.
Ⅳ. (2015石家庄42中模拟)任务型阅读。
Four students are talking about the future after class.
Deng Tao：
In 2050, China will be richer than it's now. Shanghai will be getting ready for the 40th Olympic Games in 2052.We'll see the blue and clear sky and breathe the fresh air. There will be more pandas living happily in China.I believe that 2050 will be the year of China.
Lin Hong：
A holiday on the moon will no longer be a dream. We travel far to other planets and talk with the spacemen, we might also eat something like pills that take the place of today's meals. Everyone will enjoy a longer life.
Wang Jun ：
Robots will be very popular.They'll do what people don't want to do.We'll build new homes on other planets.By then，I'll be fifty years old.Maybe we'll have an exciting talk in my new home on another planet!
Li Ping：
By__the__year__of__2050，cloning(克隆)__will__be__used__in__many__ways.It'll bring back animals that ________ many years ago.There will be no pollution.The whole world will be one big family.There will be no wars.As time passes，we'll live a much easier and better life.
1题完成句子；2题简略回答问题；3题将文中横线处空缺的单词填写在下面的答题线上；4题找出并写下第二段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1．Shanghai will be getting ready for ________．
2．Will robots be very popular in 2050
________________________________________________________________________
3．________________________________________________________________________
4．________________________________________________________________________
5．________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.(2015石家庄40中模拟)词语运用。
Police in America were (1)________(look) for a thirteen year old boy, Ben. He was a middle school student. He was lost last Friday night.
Ben's mother went to bed early that evening (2)b________ she had a bad cold.She thought Ben was spending the night with his friend.However, Ben did not appear at the family lunch the next day. She became (3)________(worry) and called the police.
That evening, Ben left home to play baseball with two (4)________ (friend). They both said Ben went home after the game. Some neighbors said to the police they saw a UFO flying over Ben's house that night. So they thought Ben might be taken away by aliens.
The police said they would not (5)g________ up until they found him.
Ⅵ.(2016原创预测)连词成句。
1. you, chess, can, play
________________________________________________________________________
2. watching, shows, I, love, talk
________________________________________________________________________.
3. be, you, what, want, to, do
________________________________________________________________________
4. the, will, future, there, trees, be, more, in
________________________________________________________________________.
5. going, he, really, math, is, to, study, hard
________________________________________________________________________.
Ⅶ.(2015益阳中考)书面表达。
上周五，你们班举行了《我们的梦想》的主题班会，在班会上同学们踊跃发言：有的想成为老师；有的想成为一名警察；有的想当医生……请你根据下面表格的提示以“Our Dreams”为题，写一篇英语短文，报告这次班会的情况，并谈谈你自己的梦想。
Name Dream How to make dreams come true
Liu Wei A teacher Study education…
Li Ming A policeman Do sports every day…
Su Juan A movie star Take acting lessons…
I … …
　　注意：
1．文章中不要出现真实的姓名和校名；内容可适当发挥；
2．词数：70词左右；文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Our Dreams
Last Friday, our class held a class meeting about our dreams. Here is my report.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________