2016中考英语（人教版）教材知识梳理 八年级(下)　Units 1—2

八年级(下)　Units 1—2
类别 课标考点要求
词汇攻关 1.stomach→(名词)胃痛，腹痛________2．foot→(复数)________3．own→(名词)________4．break→(形容词)________5．train→(名词)________6．kind→(名词)________ 7.climb→(名词)________8．strong→(反义词)________9．feel→(名词)________→(过去式)________10．tooth→(复数)________→(名词)牙痛________
短语归纳 1.感冒________________2．胃痛________________3．躺下________________4．量体温________________5．发烧________________6．休息________________7．下车________________8．使……惊讶的是；出乎……的意料________________9．立即，马上________________10．陷入，参与________________11．习惯于……________________12．冒险________________13．用尽，耗尽________________14．切除________________15．离开，从……出来________________16．掌管，管理________________ 17.放弃________________18．打扫(或清除)干净________________19．(使)变得更高兴，振奋起来________________20．分发，散发________________21．想出，提出________________22．推迟________________23．分发________________24．打电话给(某人)，征召________________25．照顾，非常喜欢________________26．参加……选拔，试用________________27．修理，装饰________________28．赠送，捐赠________________29．(外貌或行为)像________________30．建立，设立________________31．影响，有作用________________32．帮助……走出困境________________
句型再现 1.“你怎么啦？”“我背痛。”—________________？—I________________．2．我该怎么办？________________I________？3．“我应该放些药在上面吗？”“应该。/不应该。”—________________put some medicine on it —Yes，________．/No，________．4．昨天上午9：00，26路公交车正行驶在中华路上，这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。At 9：00 a．m. yesterday，bus No. 26________________Zhonghua Road when the driver________an old man________on the side of the road.5．有人头部受到撞击。Someone________on the head. 6.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。As a mountain climber，Aron ________ risks.7．他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。They told me stories about the past and how things ________________．8．她在四岁时就能独自看书了。She could read ________________．9．有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“Lucky”。You helped to________________ for me to have Lucky.10．我喜爱动物，我对拥有一条狗这个想法感到兴奋。I love animals and I was ________________the idea ________________.
语法结构 1.情态动词should的用法。2．常用的动词词组的用法。
话题 1.Health and first aid(健康与急救)2．Volunteering and charity(志愿服务与慈善)
河北五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
(　　)1.(2014河北36题)Steven，we should________the bus at the next stop.
A．get up B．get off
C．get to D．get in
◆反身代词
(　　)2.(2012河北27题)Don't worry about me.I'm old enough to think for ________.
A．himself B．herself
C．yourself D．myself
◆非谓语动词
(　　)3.(2014河北33题)Don't forget ________ thanks when other people help you.
A．accept B．to accept
C．say D．to say
(　　)4.(2012河北37题)________ a book in the library，enter a key word into the computer.
A．To find B．Find
C．To write D．Write
(　　)5.(2011河北32题)Whenever you have a chance ________ English，you should take it.
A．speak B．to speak
C．spoke D．speaks
◆情态动词
(　　)6.(2011河北36题)You ________ eat the soup if you don't like it.
A．shouldn't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．can't
◆句型类
7．(2012河北86题)better，are，feeling，you
________________________________________________________________________？
河北中考重难点突破
　give up放弃
【考点抢测】
1．整天玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。你应该放弃它。
Playing computer games all day is bad for your health.You should ________ ________ ________．
2．你应该戒烟。
You should ________ ________ ________．
(　　)3.(2015黄冈中考)He failed to break the world record for long jump many times，but he never________his hope.
A．took off B．put away
C．gave up D．turned down
【满分点拨】
give up的用法
(1)give up是动副短语，后接代词作宾语时，必须放在两词中间。
(2)give up后接动词时需用动词的 ing形式，相当于stop doing sth.。
【归纳拓展】give的相关短语
　cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来
【考点抢测】
4．振作起来吧！你的困难不久就会过去的。
________ ________！Your trouble will soon be over.
5．橙色能带给我们成功，使我们振作。
Orange can bring us success and ________ us ________．
(　　)6.(2015沧州14中模拟)—We failed in the singing competition.
—________．Better times are waiting for you.
A．No way B．Best wishes
C．Cheer up D．Good job
【满分点拨】
cheer up的用法
(1)cheer up也可以单独使用，表示“变得高兴，振奋起来”。
(2)cheer sb. up意为“使某人高兴起来”，相当于make sb. happy。如果宾语是名词或词组，可放在cheer up的中间或后面，若是代词作宾语，则只能放在cheer up的中间。
【归纳拓展】本单元中up短语
　trouble n．问题；苦恼
【考点抢测】
7．不要嘲笑处于困境中的人。
Don't laugh at the people ________ ________．
8．We have some trouble ________(work) out the problem.
(　　)9.(2015泉州中考)—Jack，I have ________ working out the math problem.
—Don't worry.Let me help you.
A．fun　　B．trouble　　C．experience
10．He doesn't feel ________ when he is left alone.
11．I don't like walking home ________.
(　　)12.They leave their daughter ________ in the house on weekdays.
A．lonely B．alone
C．lone D．silent
(　　)13.(2015娄底中考)His grandparents live ________ in a small house，but they don't feel ________．
A．lonely；alone B．alone；lonely
C．lonely；lonely D．alone；alone
【满分点拨】
trouble的用法
【归纳拓展】
trouble作动词，意为“打扰；使烦恼”，常用搭配为：
【一言辨异】
Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
麻烦没找你，你别找麻烦。
【一言辨异】
I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain.I didn't feel lonely though I was alone.我独自在荒凉的山里旅行。虽孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。
　raise v．募集；征集
【考点抢测】
14．The river ________ after the heavy rain.
15．The water ________ another meter and people became worried.
16．He ________ his voice so that everybody could hear him.
17．If you ________ any pets，please ________ your hands.
18．Everybody ________ when he entered the room.
19．(2015厦门中考)Many stars ________(筹集)money for homeless children nowadays.They are so kind.
【满分点拨】
辨析raise与rise
两个词都有“举起、提高、升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。
rise 不及物动词 上升，上涨，提高 不规则动词，过去式rose，过去分词为risen。
raise 及物动词 使升高；提高；饲养 规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为raised。
图解助记：
　辨析repair，mend与fix
【考点抢测】
20．I am going to have my bike ________ tomorrow.
21．She is ________ her shoes.
22．The workers are ________ the machine.
(　　)23.My brother can ________ this broken chair.
A．repair B．mend
C．fix D．buy
【满分点拨】
不同 例句
repair repair常指损失重大或构造较复杂的事物，如房屋、汽车、桥梁的修理。也可指修鞋。 Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.玛丽修理收音机只是为了消遣。I am going to have my bike repaired tomorrow.我打算明天找人把自行车修理一下。
mend mend着重指修补小至日常用具，大到较复杂的物体。很多时候可与repair互换。 Can you mend a broken dish？你能修理破碟子吗？She is mending her shoes.她正在修理她的鞋子。
fix fix则侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”。 The workers are fixing the machine.工人们在安装机器。Have you had your watch fixed？你已找人修你的表了吗？
　run out(of)用尽
【考点抢测】
24．Lin Tao's pocket money was used up yesterday.(改为同义句)
Lin Tao's pocket money ________ ________ yesterday.
25．The writer had run out of the ink before he finished writing.(改为同义句)
The ink ________ ________ ________ before the writer finished writing.
(　　)26.(2015黄冈中考)He told the interviewer that he had run__out__of money to buy old bikes.
A．put away B．turned off
C．taken out D．used up
【满分点拨】
run out短语的用法
(1)run out意为“用尽”，相当于be used up，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词；run out是不及物动词短语，其后不能带宾语，无被动形式。
(2)run out of sth.(＝use up sth.)意为“用尽某物”，主语一般是人。
　difficulty n．困难，难题
【考点抢测】
27．I have ________(difficult) reading at times.
28．当你做决定有困难时，可以打电话给我。
You can call me if you have ________ ________ decision.
(　　)29.(2015邵阳中考)—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English
—Yes，but I try to make myself ________．
A．to speak；understood
B．speaking；understand
C．to speak；to understand
D．speaking；understood
【满分点拨】
difficult/difficultly/difficulty的用法辨析
difficult 形容词 “困难的”，作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
difficultly 副词 “困难地”，作状语。
difficulty 名词 have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。
　—What's the matter？——怎么了？
—I have a stomachache.——我胃痛。
【考点抢测】
(　　)30.(2014云南中考)—You look really tired.________？
—I didn't sleep well last night.I had a headache.
A．How about you
B．What should I do
C．What's the matter
D．How are you feeling now
【满分点拨】
(1)What's the matter？意为“怎么了？”常用来询问身体有什么不适或有什么不顺心的事，也可以用来询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了？”。
(2)由 ache构成的复合名词
(3)“have＋a＋名词”型短语
【归纳拓展】
　Should I take my temperature？我应该量一下体温吗？
【考点抢测】
(　　)31.(2015石家庄41中模拟)After you read the article“Why fast food is slowly killing you”，you ________ stop eating fast food.
A．can　 B．may　 C．have to　 D．should
【满分点拨】
(1)should作情态动词，有实际的词义，但它不可单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，没有人称和数的变化。
You should work harder.你应该更努力地工作。
(2)常用句型：You should/shouldn't do sth.“你(不)应该做某事”。
【温馨提示】
should表示预测和可能性，意为“应该；可能”。
We should arrive by supper time.
我们在晚饭时间应该能到了。
She should be here at any moment.
她随时都可能来。
　Thanks__to Mr.Wang and the passengers，the doctors saved the man in time.多亏了王先生和这些乘客，医生才及时挽救了这个(老)人。
【考点抢测】
(　　)32.(2015资阳中考)Thanks ________ Mr.Hu，we have learnt many English songs.
A．for B．at C．to
【满分点拨】
thanks to“由于；幸亏”，介词短语，后接名词、代词，强调感谢的对象。
Thanks to your help，we can finish the work on time.
多亏了你的帮忙，我们才准时完成工作。
【归纳拓展】
thanks for“因……而感谢”，客套用语，thanks相当于thank you。for为介词，后接名词或动词 ing，强调为何而感谢。
Thanks for inviting me to your party.
谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。
常考话题写作指导
健康与急救
◆写作导图
从全国近五年健康与急救相关话题书面表达的命题来看，此类作文命题通常有以下两个角度的内容：
1．保持健康已经成为人们关注的热点话题之一，健康包括哪些方面、中学生面临的健康问题、保持健康的重要性。
2．如何保持健康成为命题点。
结合河北考情，可以预测第二种考查角度几率更大。
—
◆亮点句型速成
常用句型：A nurse gave me an injection.It was a little painful.
推荐句型：→A nurse gave me an injection which was a little painful.
常用句型：You mustn't smoke.It's bad for your health.
推荐句型：→You mustn't smoke because it's bad for your health.
(一)开头句
1．It is very important to keep healthy.
(二)中间句
2．We can't go to sleep too late.We can't get up too late.
3．We should eat the food healthily.
4．We should do more exercise.
5．I didn't feel like eating anything.
6．I decided to see the doctor.
7．In the doctor's office，the doctor looks me over carefully.
8．He told me to take a rest and drink more water.
9．The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.
10．A few days later，I felt better.From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.
(三)结尾句
11．A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.
12．Please drink enough water every day.
13．We should do more exercise to stay healthy.
14．Don't get stressed out.It's not healthy.
15．You should go to bed early and get up early.
16．It's easy to have a healthy lifestyle，and it's important to eat a balanced diet.
◆写作模板
Nowadays，more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.For me，there are 几种方法 to keep healthy.
Firstly，it is necessary to 观点一．Secondly，we shouldn't 观点二．Thirdly，it is important to观点三．
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they will find健康会有怎样的改善。
◆典例剖析
根据以下提示，请以“How to keep healthy”为题写一篇短文，从良好的生活习惯，适当的体育锻炼以及健康的饮食习惯等方面，为那些生活习惯欠佳、缺乏锻炼的朋友提出良好的建议。(要求意思连贯、表达准确，词数80词左右)
参考词汇：熬夜(stay up)；垃圾食品(junk food)；挑剔(be particular about)；定时定量(have meals regularly)
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．就“保持健康”提出建议，全文用说明文；
2．所写建议尽量全面，涉及内容尽量多角度，深层次；
3．要求意思连贯、表达准确，词数为80词左右。
【范文点评】
How To Keep Healthy①Nowadays，more__and__more__people__know__the__importance__of__keeping__healthy.For__me，there__are__three__main__ways__to__keep__healthy.Firstly，②it__is__necessary__to__keep__a__balanced__diet.③We__aren't__supposed__to__eat__too__much__junk__food.It__is__better__for__us__to have more fruit and vegetables every day.What's__more，we are supposed to have meals regularly.Secondly，we shouldn't stay up too late.④Getting__enough__sleep__is__also__necessary.Thirdly，it__is__important__to take regular exercises，such as swimming，jogging and so on.If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they'll greatly improve their health.⑤I__hope__everyone__can__keep__in__good__health. ①开篇用了more and more people，there are three main ways to keep healthy，既体现问题的严重性，又交代了文章的主题。②运用句型it is＋形容词＋to do sth.增加了文章的亮点。③用aren't supposed to写出人们的不良习惯，又运用it is better for us to…，what's more彰显小作者语言词汇的丰富，增加文章的给分点。④Getting enough sleep是动名词作主语，it is important to是it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语，再次让文章升华。⑤作者最后希望大家采取他的建议，希望每个人能够保持健康。
河北中考考点精练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(　　)1.(2015荆门中考)—Would you like to go to the space museum
—I'd love to，but I haven't made (a)______．I 'll think about it.
A．progress　　　　B．mistake
C．mess D．decision
(　　)2.(2015河南中考)Whenever Mary reads an interesting story，she can't keep it to ________ and wants to share it with her friends.
A．she B．her
C．hers D．herself
(　　)3.(2015绥化中考改编)The old lady used to ________ in the park.
A．dance B．dancing
C．danced D．to dance
(　　)4.(2015青岛中考)They heard the party was ________ because of the exam.
A．put on B．put up
C．put off D．put down
(　　)5.(2015廊坊模拟)—What do you think of the dog
—It brings much ________ to my life.I like it very much.
A．joy B．training
C．pollution D．information
(　　)6.(2016原创预测)—What's the matter
—________ of my friends hurt in a car accident.I'm going to visit them.
A．Every B．Each
C．Several D．Until
(　　)7.(2016原创预测)—Why can't you sleep well
—Because there is something wrong ________ my head.
A．with B．for
C．of D．at
(　　)8.(2016原创预测)Gina doesn't ________．She looks as beautiful as two years ago.
A．finish B．decide
C．change D．arrive
Ⅱ.(2016原创预测)完形填空。
The day was Thankful Thursday.It's a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago.Thursday has become __1__ day to go out and make a positive contribution(贡献)．
As we drove along a busy road and __2__ what we could do，it was almost noon.My girls were __3__，and they shouted，“McDonald's，McDonald's.”Suddenly I realized that there was a beggar(乞讨者) at almost __4__ crossing I passed through.And then I had an idea! All these beggars must be hungry，too.Perfect!
After we ate，I __5__ 15 lunches and we began to deliver(递送) them.We would tell each beggar that things could get better.We handed our final __6__ to a woman.She took the lunch and said，“No one has ever done something like this for me before.Thank you！”
I said，“You must be hungry.Why not eat your lunch？”
She looked at me __7__ her big brown eyes and said，“I'm not going to eat it.”
I was confused(困惑的)，but before I could say anything，she __8__，“You see，I have a little girl and she just loves McDonald's，but I don't have the __9__．Now you know that…tonight she is going to have McDonald's！”
I used to question whether our acts of kindness were too __10__．But at that moment，I remembered Mother Teresa's words：“We cannot do great things only small things with great love.”
(　　)1.A.her　　B．his　　C．our　　D．their
(　　)2.A.realized B．enjoyed
C．forgot D．considered
(　　)3.A.hungry B．angry
C．tired D．worried
(　　)4.A.either B．every C．both D．all
(　　)5.A.made B．sold C．ordered D．collected
(　　)6.A.idea B．lunch C．book D．clothes
(　　)7.A.of B．at C．for D with
(　　)8.A.stopped B．agreed
C．continued D．shouted
(　　)9.A.time B．money C．interest D．hope
(　　)10.A.small B．big C．early D．late
Ⅲ.(2015德州中考)阅读理解。
(　　)1.If you want to book a ticket，you can NOT ________．
A．use the Internet
B．go to the Box Office on Sundays
C．ring and pay by credit card
D．post the booking form to the Box Office
(　　)2.If you make a group booking for 14 persons，how much should you pay
A．$ 120. B．$126.
C．$ 140. D．$150.
(　　)3.On average(平均)，which kind of tickets is the cheapest
A．Saver. B．Supersaver.
C．Group bookings. D．School.
(　　)4.The passage is ________．
A．booking notes of Furious 7
B．a review of Furious 7
C．a survey of Furious 7
D．news about Furious 7
Ⅳ.(2016原创预测)任务型阅读。
As we all know，many people like to eat fast food.We can notice that many people，especially the youth and kids，like fast food.Most of them even declare fast food is more tasteful than Chinese food.So fast food restaurants become popular.Fast food restaurants are popular because they sell food that tastes good doesn't but cost a lot of money.Fast food means food that can be prepared quickly.Fast food restaurants usually have a window where you can buy your food.If you are busy，you can eat fast food to save time.
Is fast food bad for our health？Is some fast food healthier than others？Fast food is usually cheap because it's often made with cheaper ingredients instead of nutritious(营养丰富的) food，such as lean(瘦肉) meat，fruits and vegetables.Eating more fast food can make you fat.So__doctors__tell__us__eating__more__fast__food__is__bad__for__our__health.And doctors also tell us not to eat fast food more than once a week.
1题完成句子；2～3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第一段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1．Most of them even declare fast food is more ________ than Chinese food.
2．Why is fast food usually cheap
________________________________________________________________________
3．How many time can people eat fast food a week
________________________________________________________________________
4．________________________________________________________________________
5．________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.(2016原创预测)词语运用。
Helen Keller was a very bright and beautiful girl.At the (1)________ of six months，she could already say a few words.But before she was two years old，she was (2)________(hit) by serious illness.She could not see or hear，and soon she could not talk.When she was six，her parents (3)________ a teacher for her.With the help of the teacher，she began to “see” and “hear” the world around her through her (4)________(hand)．She learned to read books for the blind people.She also learned to swim and ride a horse.After she grew up，she became a famous writer in America.Her first and (5)________ (many) famous book is The Story Of My Life.Her story has brought hope to many blind and deaf people.It encouraged them to live and work.
Ⅵ.(2016原创预测)连词成句。
1．first，you，aid，do，know
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2．is，what，with，the，you，matter
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3．do，sleep，not，late，too
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4．she，and，should，rest，lie down
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5．I，a，dream，to，volunteer，always，be
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Ⅶ.(2015眉山中考)书面表达。
亲爱的同学，你生活中有烦恼，学习有压力吗？那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼，有效缓解心理压力呢？请根据提示以“How to solve our stress”为题写一篇80词左右的短文，开头已给出，不计入字数；语言表述准确规范，语句通顺连贯；提示内容必须用完。
提示：1.积极参加体育锻炼，有一个健康的身体；
2．多与老师、家长和朋友交谈，说出自己的烦恼；
3．多听听音乐，多看看书；
4．尽自己最大努力学习，勇敢面对自己的成绩；
5．如果经常压力太大，可以去看看医生。
How to solve our stress
We all have some problems and stress in our lives.How should we solve them
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