人教版（2019）必修 第一册Welcome unitDiscovering Useful Structures课件(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
必修第一册 welcome unit
Grammar
知识点1 英语句子成分
What is Grammar
词 vocabulary
短语
phrases
句子
sentences
段落
paragraphs
篇章
discourses
知识点1 英语句子成分
词 vocabulary
实词
content words
虚词
fuction words
动词 verbs
名词 nouns
副词 adverbs
代词 pronouns
数词 numerals
形容词 adjectives
冠词 articles
感叹词 injections
介词 prepositions
连词 conjunctions
有实际意义的词
没有具体意义的词
知识点1 英语句子成分
短语
phrases
分词短语
介词短语
不定式短语
动名词短语
名词短语
动词短语
形容词短语
副词短语
具有一定意义但不构成句子或者从句的一组词
知识点1 英语句子成分
句子
sentences
定语 attribute
状语 adverbial
表语 predicative
同位语 appositive
主语 subject
谓语 predicate
宾语 object
补语 complement
知识点1 英语句子成分
主语：动作的发出者，可由名词、代词、动名词等来承担。
Cindy is a nice teacher.
He is a student.
Playing football is fun.
Two and five makes seven.
To pass the exam is his aim.
What he has is nothing but money.
知识点1 英语句子成分
谓语：主语发出的动作，一般是动词。
简单谓语：单个动词或动词短语。
We plant trees in spring every year.
My boss stayed up late last night.
复杂谓语：（1）助动词+实义动词
Mary has taught English for seven years.
（2）情态动词+实义动词/系动词
You will succeed if you try your best.
You should be serious.
知识点1 英语句子成分
宾语：动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后，可由名词、不定式等充当。
Everyone wants to succeed.
Show the passport, please.
She didn’t say anything.
-How many apples do you want -I want two.
I enjoy working with you.
I bought a book on how to repair cars.
Did you write down what he said
知识点1 英语句子成分
定语：修饰名词或代词的成分，分为前置定语或后置定语。
Some intelligent students.
A woman doctor was operating on a patient.
His progress in English made us surprised.
The boy in the room is my friend.
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
Being honest with each other is the best way to make friends.
The man named Jack is my friend.
I needed a new football that I had longed for a long time.
前置定语：短，放名词前
后置定语：长，放名词后
知识点1 英语句子成分
状语：动作发生的原因、结果、地点、方式、条件等。
You can put it down anywhere.
The meeting has been called off last night after the deadly explosion.
The company will go bankrupt unless business improves.
Seeing nobody in the office, she had to leave a note.
常见考点：
Eggs are extremely well adapted to men's needs.
Frankly, I think his lesson is very boring.
This is a highly effective way to refine sugar.
知识点1 英语句子成分
表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、身份、状态和特征。
That sounds great.
I am an English teacher.
What is 系动词？
（1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were
（2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel
（3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 译为“变得”）
（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 译为“保持”）
（5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词,“是”）
知识点1 英语句子成分
补语：
（1）主补：对主语的补充。
The wall were painted white.
The dogs seems friendly.
His demands appear reasonable.
（2）宾补：补充说明宾语的身份和状态。
We call him Jim for short.
Don’t make everybody your enemy.
We must keep our classroom clean.
知识点1 英语句子成分
同位语：对名词或名词组提供补充说明和解释作用。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
Yesterday my father gave me a birthday present, a new bike.
You may leave the work to us both.
We two went to the bank yesterday.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
There is only one place left-under the table.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
分析划线部分在句子中充当的成分。
1.The early bird catches the worm.
2.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
3. I found everything in good condition.
4. David showed me the way.
5. What I want to say is this.
6. I think it wrong to waste time.
7.You should put the book where it was.
随堂测
定语 谓语
定语
宾补
宾语
表语
宾语
状语
知识点1 英语句子成分
基本句子结构：
（1）主+谓（S+V）
在SV结构中，动词一般为不及物动词。
Everybody laughed.
Every miunte counts.
（2）主+谓+宾（S+V+O）
在SVO结构中，动词一般为及物动词，其后必须跟宾语。
I love you.
Nobody could answer the question.
知识点1 英语句子成分
基本句子结构：
（3）主+系+表（S+V+P）
在SVC结构中，动词一般为连系动词。
They are students.
Truth is the daughter of time.
Review:系动词
be动词、感官动词、变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 译为“变得”）
保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 译为“保持”）
无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词,“是”）
知识点1 英语句子成分
基本句子结构：
（4）主+谓+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）
IO为间接宾语，DO为直接宾语
Mary lent me her car.
（5）主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+O+C）
We made him our monitor.
知识点1 英语句子成分
Mary lent me her car.
We made him our monitor.
共同点：都是在动词后出现一些词。
Ask：考试时候如何判断动词后是双宾语还是宾语宾补？
Tips:在动词后那些词上，中间加上be动词，如果能构成一个句子，则为宾语宾补，否则为双宾语。
I was her car.
He was our monitor.
判断下面五个句子分别属于哪种句子结构？
1. On August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Janpanese town of Hiroshima（广岛）.
2. The bomb explored 1000 ft. above the ground.
3. Three days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki（长崎） the same fatal blow.
4. The explosion made one and half square miles of the city an expanse of reddish rubble.
5. The city looked as if it had been razed by a monster steam-roller.
随堂测
S+V+O
S+V
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+C
S+V+P
知识点1 英语句子成分
句子类型：
（1）按功能分：
陈述句：陈述事实和表达意见，包括肯定句和否定句。
You are hard-working.
You shouldn’t give up.
祈使句：表达请求、命令、建议等。
Read after me.
感叹句：表达强烈情感和情绪，由how和what引导。
What a touching movie it is.= How touching the movie is.
知识点1 英语句子成分
疑问句：
一般疑问句：可以由yes或no回答。
Is there anything wrong with the computer
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词开头，不能用yes或no回答。
What do you want to do after graduation
选择疑问句：两者或两者以上选择。
Which one do you prefer, coffee or tea
反意疑问句：前肯后否，前否后肯。
They can speak English well, can’t they
知识点1 英语句子成分
（2）按结构分：
简单句：五大基本句型
并列句：由两个或两个以上简单句通过各种并列连词连接起来的句子。
①联合并列句：and, not only...but (also) ..., neither...nor...
Neither the teacher nor the students knew the answer to the difficult question.
②选择并列句：or, either...or...
Either she or Kate goes to visit the Great Wall.
③因果并列句：so, for
He couldn’t find his pen, so he wrote in pencil.
知识点1 英语句子成分
并列句：由两个或两个以上简单句通过各种并列连词连接起来的句子。
④转折并列句：but, yet, while
There is plenty of rain in the southeast, while there is little in the northwest.
Note: although不能与表示转折的but连用，但是却可以与yet连用。
Although we have made some progress, we still have a long way to go.
Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go.
知识点1 英语句子成分
复合句：包含一个或一个以上从句的句式，由从属连词/关系词连接前后两个句子，一个主句，一个从句
复合句
定语从句
名词性从句
状语从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
随堂测
1. Meiling returned from abroad a totally different person.
The italicized part functions as a in the sentence.
A. appositive B. object C. adverbial D. complement
2. In the sentence, “It is no use waiting for her.” The italicized phrase is .
A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject
3. Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject
A. We never doubt that Marr is honest.
B. The problem is not who will go but who will stay.
C. It is clear that the ability to smile is inborn.
D. I heard the news that our team had won.
D
D
C
随堂测
4. Which is the following italized parts is used as an object
A. What do you think has happened to her
B. Who do you think the visiting professor is
C. How much do you think he earns every month
D. How quickly would you say he would come
5. Which of the following sentences has an object complement
A. The directors appointed John manager.
B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.
C. You have done Peter a favor.
D. She is teaching children English.
C
A