Unit 8 Natural disasters Reading知识清单 牛津译林版八年级英语上册

Unit 8 Reading知识清单
1. slight adj.轻微的
a slight shake/change/difference
I had a slight headache.
slightly adv. 略微，稍微
He is badly/seriously/terribly hurt.
slightly hurt
2. shake
1）n.摇动，震动 C 通常用单数=shaking
We felt a slight shake/shaking through our bodies at the beginning of the earthquake.
2） v.摇动，震动;颤抖 shake —shook—shaken shaking
The whole house started to shake.
The naughty boy is shaking the tree.
shake one’s head 摇头------ nod---nodded
shake hands with sb握手
3. loud adj.响亮的，大声的
They always speak in a loud voice in class.
loudly (adv.) 大声地（含有喧闹的意思）
Don’t shout loudly. Father is sleeping.
aloud (adv.)出声地 read aloud
4. bomb n.炸弹 C
The plane dropped over 5 bombs.
5. fear
1) n.害怕
a moment of fear一阵恐惧
in fear 惊恐地；恐惧地
scream in fear
People looked at each other in fear when the sudden earthquake hit the small town.
2) v.害怕
The soldier never fears the death. He is fearless.
fearless adj.无畏的
6. direction n.方向
have a good/bad sense of direction
in the direction of + place朝……方向
The driver is driving the coach in the direction of Shanghai.
in all directions四面八方，在各个方向
The birds flew away in all directions when they heard the loud noise.
7. while
1）conj. 当...的时候，在...时 后接延续性动词 引导时间状语从句，通常表示两个动作同时进行，或者表示某件事是在另一件事发生过程中的某一时间点发生的，或者表示处于某种状态中。
Lily was making a fruit salad while I was having lunch.
I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the train.
Someone called while you were asleep.
2) conj. 然而 表对比
I like dancing while my sister likes singing.
3) n. 一会儿，一段时间
We will stay there for a while
4)conj.虽然，尽管 引导让步状语从句
8.brick n.砖块
Most buildings in this area are made of bricks and stones.
9.come down 崩塌，坍塌；（雨、雪）下落;（飞机）着陆；（温度，价格）下降
The ceiling came down suddenly.
After the earthquake, many buildings came down and hurt lots of people.
9. shaking n.摇动
Did the shaking end
10.silent adj.寂静的，沉默的 more silent-most silent
The old street is quite silent.
Keep silent when you’re in a library.
silently adv.默默地，无声地
He filled in the application and left the office silently.
silence n.寂静
in silence 寂静地，沉默地
stand there in silence/silently站在那儿默不作声
break the silence打破沉默
11.not…at all一点也不
The little boy wasn’t afraid of snakes at all when he first saw the snake.
The tourists are not interested in the place of interest at all.
not…any more/longer 不再，再也不
Not at all. 不用谢&没关系
Thank you for helping me. -Not at all.
I’m sorry I’m late. -Not at all.
12. if
1) conj.是否+宾语从句（陈述语序&时态不变）
Will he arrive on time （疑问句）
I don’t know if he will arrive on time.
Was anyone else near me
I didn’t know if anyone else was near me.
2) conj.如果 引导条件状语从句(主将从现)
If he comes back tomorrow, I will call you.
I don’t know if it __will rain______ tomorrow. If it __rains______ tomorrow, I’ll do some reading at home.
13.nervous adj.紧张不安的 more nervous-most nervous
I am not nervous at all when I make a speech.
be nervous about 对...感到紧张不安
Most students are nervous about the coming exam.
nervously adv.紧张不安地
14、heart n.心脏 C
His heart was beating fast, but he still kept calm.他的心脏跳动得很快，但他仍然保持镇定。
put one’s heart into专心致志于
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
lose heart失去信心
15、beat
1） v.(使)规律作响，作节奏运动 心脏、脉搏等跳动
跑步过后，你的心脏会跳得更快。
After running, your heart usually beats faster.
2）v.打败
win和beat都可用作及物动词．作“赢，战胜”讲时，其区别主要在于宾语的不同。
beat sb 打败某人（beat的宾语则通常是比赛、竞争的对手，即人或球队的名词或代词。）
win sth赢得某物（win的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词，即race，match，game，competition，war，prize之类的词-）
Sun Yang ____beat_____ the other swimmers and ___won_____ the gold medal in the match.
3）v.敲打 beat the drum
16、trapped adj.困住的
I was trapped under the building/in the lift.
try my best to save the boy trapped under the house
trap n.陷阱，圈套
set a trap
The bear fell into a trap.
17、mind
1）n.头脑
Reading is good for my mind and body. 身心
Many photos of my brother went through my mind.许多我弟弟的照片闪过我的脑海。
change one’s mind 改变某人的想法
make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心做某事
keep… in mind 记在心上
Never mind. 不要紧
Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
2）v.介意
mind (not) doing sth介意(不)做某事
mind closing the window
mind sb./sb’s doing sth 介意某人做某事
Do you mind me/my smoking here 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？
18、calm
1）v.（使）平静，（使）镇定
calm down 镇静下来，平静下来
We must calm down first (镇静下来) when we are in danger.
calm sb. down 使某人镇静下来
Daniel kept shaking. She tried her best to _calm him down___(使他镇静下来).
2) adj. 镇静的，沉着的
keep/stay calm
19、since conj.由于，既然
(表示显而易见的原因，不能回答Why引导的句子)
Since we are close friends, we should trust and support each other.
Since everyone is here, let’s start the meeting.
20、still
1) adv.仍然
They still remember what happened to the coach the other day.
2) adj.静止的
21、alive adj.活着的
①alive adj.活着的(人&物)
作后置定语
a boy alive
the greatest scientist alive
作表语
They still stayed alive after the earthquake.
作宾语补足语
When we got there, we found the dog ___alive___.
② live adj.活的;现场直播的(一般指物)
作前置定语
That is a live fish
a live show
③ living adj.活着的；有生命的（人&物）
作前置定语
the living areas/living things
作表语
That fish is still living.
22、dark
1）n.黑暗
I couldn’t see anything in the dark.
Reading in the dark is bad for our eyes.
我开始在黑暗中缓慢移动。
I started to pull myself slowly through the dark.
2) adj.黑暗的
dark clouds
It was dark outside.
The lonely boy was trapped in the dark room.
23、find one’s way out找到出路
当我正在尽力找出路的时候，我突然听到我上面有声音。
When I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.
as/while/when+长动作（过去进行时），短动作（一般过去时）
24、shout
1）n.呼喊，喊叫声C
hear shouts from excited people
hear the excited shouts
2) v.大叫，大喊
shout to sb （没有恶意）
shout at sb （有恶意）
It is impolite to shout at someone.
25、daylight n.日光 U
moonlight n.月光
26、safe adj.安全的---safer---safest
I think home is the safest place in the world.
safely adv.安全地---more safely---most safely
The plane landed safely in the end/at last/finally.
safety n.安全
road safety道路安全
bring him to safety把他带到安全地带
27、asleep adj.睡着的
① asleep指进入睡眠状态，在句子中作表语 不能做前置定语
fall asleep 入睡
be asleep 睡着
听轻音乐让我更容易睡着。
Listening to light music makes it easier for me to fall asleep.
② sleepy指有睡意，但没有睡着，作定语或表语
a sleepy boy
feel sleepy 感到瞌睡
I feel much sleepier after taking the medicine.
28、after ---before
1）conj.在…以后+句子
2）prep.在…以后 prep.+Ving
After attending DIY courses, he becomes more interested in making a fruit salad.