2025届高考英语二轮复习 定语从句 课件 （共28页）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习 定语从句 课件 （共28页） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-01 12:11:54 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
定语从句
定语从句
什么是定语？
She is a friendly woman.
China is a developing country.
This is my friend.
Maybe our teacher is a man teacher.
I have a lot of work to do.
形容词
分词
形容词性物主词
名词
不定式
定语：用来修饰名词、代词的词或短语。
什么是定语从句？
当修饰名词、代词的词或短语变成一个句子，此时该句子就叫定语从句；也就是当定语变成句子修饰名词或代词时就叫定语从句
1. 定义
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前，引导定语从句的叫关系词，且关系词在从句中作一定的成分。
形容词性从句
定语从句
2. 分类
定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
对先行词进行修饰、限制说明，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。
是对主句或主句先行词的补充说明，若没有从句，不影响主句意思的完整性，主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。
定语从句
3. 限制性定语从句
(2). 先行词
①. 名词或代词
②. 被定语从句修饰或限定
(1). 结构：先行词+关系词+从句
定语从句
(3). 关系词
①. 引导定语从句
②. 代替先行词
③. 在定语从句中充当一定的成分
关系词
关系代词：
关系副词：
that, which, who, whom, whose, as, than
when, where, why
定语从句
关系代词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 宾语可省略
which 物 主语、宾语 宾语可省略
who 人 主语、宾语 宾语可省略
whom 人 宾语 可省略
whose 人/物 定语 不可省略
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语、表语 不可省略
than 物 主语、宾语 不可省略
as引导限制性定语从句，主要用于the same...as...和such...as...结构中
定语从句
关系副词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
when=on which 时间 时间状语 不可省略
where=in which 地点 地点状语 不可省略
why=for which 原因(reason) 原因状语 不可省略
不要看到reason就用why，要判断关系词作什么成分
定语从句
(4). 如何找出定语从句
I know the girl who is listening to music.
The girl that you saw yesterday is my sister.
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
句子结束
下一个谓语之前
下一个句子之前
定语从句：关系词+从句
定语从句
练一练：找出定语从句
1. I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.
2. This is the pen he bought yesterday.
3. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
4. He believe that earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.
2. This is the pen (that/which) he bought yesterday.
定语从句
1. I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.
2. This is the pen (that/which) he bought yesterday.
3. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
4. He believe that earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.
练一练：确定定语从句的指代及成分
主语
谓语(及物动词)
先行词
主语
谓语(不及物动词)
状语
先行词
定语从句
练一练：填上正确的关系词
There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy paceful co-existence with its surroundings.
例：
定语从句： all life seemed to enjoy paceful co-existence with its surroundings.
谓语
主语
宾语
先行词：America
表地点
where
where
状语
定语从句
1. The pictures were taken in the park are quite nice.
2. We knew the scientist had studied the problem.
3. In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
4. The student won the first prize in the English contest is from our class.
that/which
who
whose
that/who
定语从句
5. A film was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children.
6. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.
7. I know the reason he came late.
8. I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
that/which
when
why
where
定语从句
4. 非限制性定语从句
(1). 结构：先行词/句子 ，关系词+从句
(2). 关系词
关系词
关系代词：
which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词：
when, where
定语从句
关系代词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
which 物/事 主语、宾语 不可省略
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语、表语
①. 关系代词
定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词是整个句子或主句中的某一部分内容，译为“正如，正像”。
习惯用语
as we all know/as is well known/as is known to all (众所周知)
as you see (如你所见)
as we expect (正如我们所预料的那样)
as was expected (正如预料的那样)
as the/an old saying goes (常言道)
as is often the case (这是常有的事)
定语从句
②. 关系副词
关系副词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
when=on which 时间 时间状语 不可省略
where=in which 地点 地点状语 不可省略
定语从句
5. 介词+关系代词
(1). 关系代词的选择
介词+关系代词
介词+which
介词+whom
当先行词是物时，用which;当先行词是人时，用whom
定语从句
(2). 介词的选择
①. 根据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
②. 根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。
③. 根据句子所表达的意思来确定。
I bought a great many books I spend all my money.
I can’t remember the age he won the prize.
The colorless gas we cannot live is called oxygen.
spend time/money on sth
at the age of
这种无色无味的没有它我们无法生存的气体叫做氧气
on which
at which
without which
定语从句
有些紧密联系的“动词+介词”的固定短语是不能分开的，不能把短语中的介词放到关系代词之前，如：
care for(照顾), get through(接通电话， 通过), look for(寻找), look after(照顾), hear from(收到来信), deal with(处理), call on(要求), send for(派人去请), hear of(听说)
定语从句
(1).定语从句当中只能用that的情况
①. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that。
②. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系词只能用that。
③. 当先行词是不定代词时，关系词只能用that。
④. 当先行词是既有人又有物时，关系词只能用that。
⑤. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same,no, few, much,every等修饰 时，关系词只能用that。
6. 关系代词使用的异同
定语从句
⑦. 当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系词在从句中也作表语时，关系词只能用that。
⑧. 主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系词只能用that。
(2).定语从句当中只能用which的情况
①. 先行词本身就是that时，关系词用which。
②. 在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词是物或者整个句子时，关系词用which。
③. 关系词前有介词且先行词是物时，关系词用which。
定语从句
④. 先行词后有插入语时，关系词用which。
(3).as与which引导非限制性定语从句的异同
相同点：
不同点：
都可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分内容。
①. as引导的从句位置灵活，可位于主句前、中、后；which引导的从句一般位于主句中或主句后。
②. as引导的从句的先行词一般只能是句子，which引导的从句的先行词可以是名词（短语）、代词或句子。
定语从句
③. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论，翻译为“正如，正像”；which引导的从句表示对主句的补充说明，翻译为“这，这一点，这件事”。
7. 定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词在人称和数的方面应与先行词保持一致。
I, who your friend, will try my best (help) you.
am
to help
定语从句
定语从句
1. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn 2. The book _______ he bought yesterday is very interesting.3. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist____were in the concert we attended.4. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.5. Everything _______ we saw was of great interest.
练一练
that
that/which
that
that
that
定语从句
6. The TV play is about a true story _______ happened in Mianyang in 1998.7. Most of my classmates prefer loud music ______ they can dance to.8. Is there anything ________ belongs to you 9. The people ______learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
that/which
that/which
that
that/who
THANK YOU
定语从句
定语从句
什么是定语？
She is a friendly woman.
China is a developing country.
This is my friend.
Maybe our teacher is a man teacher.
I have a lot of work to do.
形容词
分词
形容词性物主词
名词
不定式
定语：用来修饰名词、代词的词或短语。
什么是定语从句？
当修饰名词、代词的词或短语变成一个句子，此时该句子就叫定语从句；也就是当定语变成句子修饰名词或代词时就叫定语从句
1. 定义
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前，引导定语从句的叫关系词，且关系词在从句中作一定的成分。
形容词性从句
定语从句
2. 分类
定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
对先行词进行修饰、限制说明，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。
是对主句或主句先行词的补充说明，若没有从句，不影响主句意思的完整性，主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。
定语从句
3. 限制性定语从句
(2). 先行词
①. 名词或代词
②. 被定语从句修饰或限定
(1). 结构：先行词+关系词+从句
定语从句
(3). 关系词
①. 引导定语从句
②. 代替先行词
③. 在定语从句中充当一定的成分
关系词
关系代词：
关系副词：
that, which, who, whom, whose, as, than
when, where, why
定语从句
关系代词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 宾语可省略
which 物 主语、宾语 宾语可省略
who 人 主语、宾语 宾语可省略
whom 人 宾语 可省略
whose 人/物 定语 不可省略
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语、表语 不可省略
than 物 主语、宾语 不可省略
as引导限制性定语从句，主要用于the same...as...和such...as...结构中
定语从句
关系副词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
when=on which 时间 时间状语 不可省略
where=in which 地点 地点状语 不可省略
why=for which 原因(reason) 原因状语 不可省略
不要看到reason就用why，要判断关系词作什么成分
定语从句
(4). 如何找出定语从句
I know the girl who is listening to music.
The girl that you saw yesterday is my sister.
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
句子结束
下一个谓语之前
下一个句子之前
定语从句：关系词+从句
定语从句
练一练：找出定语从句
1. I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.
2. This is the pen he bought yesterday.
3. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
4. He believe that earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.
2. This is the pen (that/which) he bought yesterday.
定语从句
1. I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.
2. This is the pen (that/which) he bought yesterday.
3. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
4. He believe that earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.
练一练：确定定语从句的指代及成分
主语
谓语(及物动词)
先行词
主语
谓语(不及物动词)
状语
先行词
定语从句
练一练：填上正确的关系词
There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy paceful co-existence with its surroundings.
例：
定语从句： all life seemed to enjoy paceful co-existence with its surroundings.
谓语
主语
宾语
先行词：America
表地点
where
where
状语
定语从句
1. The pictures were taken in the park are quite nice.
2. We knew the scientist had studied the problem.
3. In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
4. The student won the first prize in the English contest is from our class.
that/which
who
whose
that/who
定语从句
5. A film was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children.
6. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.
7. I know the reason he came late.
8. I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
that/which
when
why
where
定语从句
4. 非限制性定语从句
(1). 结构：先行词/句子 ，关系词+从句
(2). 关系词
关系词
关系代词：
which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词：
when, where
定语从句
关系代词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
which 物/事 主语、宾语 不可省略
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语、表语
①. 关系代词
定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词是整个句子或主句中的某一部分内容，译为“正如，正像”。
习惯用语
as we all know/as is well known/as is known to all (众所周知)
as you see (如你所见)
as we expect (正如我们所预料的那样)
as was expected (正如预料的那样)
as the/an old saying goes (常言道)
as is often the case (这是常有的事)
定语从句
②. 关系副词
关系副词 先行词所指 在从句中充当的成分 是否可省略
when=on which 时间 时间状语 不可省略
where=in which 地点 地点状语 不可省略
定语从句
5. 介词+关系代词
(1). 关系代词的选择
介词+关系代词
介词+which
介词+whom
当先行词是物时，用which;当先行词是人时，用whom
定语从句
(2). 介词的选择
①. 根据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
②. 根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。
③. 根据句子所表达的意思来确定。
I bought a great many books I spend all my money.
I can’t remember the age he won the prize.
The colorless gas we cannot live is called oxygen.
spend time/money on sth
at the age of
这种无色无味的没有它我们无法生存的气体叫做氧气
on which
at which
without which
定语从句
有些紧密联系的“动词+介词”的固定短语是不能分开的，不能把短语中的介词放到关系代词之前，如：
care for(照顾), get through(接通电话， 通过), look for(寻找), look after(照顾), hear from(收到来信), deal with(处理), call on(要求), send for(派人去请), hear of(听说)
定语从句
(1).定语从句当中只能用that的情况
①. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that。
②. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系词只能用that。
③. 当先行词是不定代词时，关系词只能用that。
④. 当先行词是既有人又有物时，关系词只能用that。
⑤. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same,no, few, much,every等修饰 时，关系词只能用that。
6. 关系代词使用的异同
定语从句
⑦. 当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系词在从句中也作表语时，关系词只能用that。
⑧. 主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系词只能用that。
(2).定语从句当中只能用which的情况
①. 先行词本身就是that时，关系词用which。
②. 在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词是物或者整个句子时，关系词用which。
③. 关系词前有介词且先行词是物时，关系词用which。
定语从句
④. 先行词后有插入语时，关系词用which。
(3).as与which引导非限制性定语从句的异同
相同点：
不同点：
都可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分内容。
①. as引导的从句位置灵活，可位于主句前、中、后；which引导的从句一般位于主句中或主句后。
②. as引导的从句的先行词一般只能是句子，which引导的从句的先行词可以是名词（短语）、代词或句子。
定语从句
③. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论，翻译为“正如，正像”；which引导的从句表示对主句的补充说明，翻译为“这，这一点，这件事”。
7. 定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词在人称和数的方面应与先行词保持一致。
I, who your friend, will try my best (help) you.
am
to help
定语从句
定语从句
1. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn 2. The book _______ he bought yesterday is very interesting.3. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist____were in the concert we attended.4. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.5. Everything _______ we saw was of great interest.
练一练
that
that/which
that
that
that
定语从句
6. The TV play is about a true story _______ happened in Mianyang in 1998.7. Most of my classmates prefer loud music ______ they can dance to.8. Is there anything ________ belongs to you 9. The people ______learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
that/which
that/which
that
that/who
THANK YOU