2025届中考英语介词和介词短语复习 课件

(共80张PPT)
介词和介词短语
CONTENTS
介词
01
介词短语
习题练习
03
02
01
介词
What is 介词？
the boy under the tree
The boy is looking for his book.
英语中的介词是用来调节词义，同一个词跟不同介词搭配会产生意义上的改变，是词义的拓展。
一、简单介词
由一个单词构成的介词。
about 关于，对于 above 在...以上，超过 after 在...之后，由于，尽管 against 反对...与...相比 among 在……当中 around 围绕，在附近；大约 as 作为 at 处于……状态，在...... before 在……之前，早于 behind 在...的后面，落后于，支持 beside 在……旁边，与……相比，除……以外（还）besides 除……之外（还）
between 在……中间，在……之间 by 由，被；通过，凭借…… despite 尽管，即使 during 在……期间 except 除……外 for 给，对，为了 from 从……起；从……开始 in 在……内；进……里 like 像，如同 near 在…附近;靠近;接近;接近于 of 属于，……的，……的一部分 off 从……离开，向下 on 在……之上，向，朝over 在……期间，超过，尽管 past 晚于，在… since 自……以后，自……以来 than 比，多于
through 穿过，贯穿，自始至终，获得通过 till 直到，到……为止，向，朝 to 朝；位于……；到某处，给，对于under 在……下面，低于，在...的条件下 until 到……时，直到……为止 unlike 不像，和……不同 up 沿着……，往较高处 with 和……在一起；具有；用
We work every day except Sunday.
During his summer holiday he went on a trip to Russia.
I went to the park with my sister.
She walked through the forest.
Please finish your homework before dinner.
Despite the rain, we went for a walk.
The truth lies beyond our understanding.
二、复合介词
由两个单词组合而成的介词。
alongside 在……旁边 inside 在/向……内，在/向……里into 到……里面，触及，朝，向 onto 到/向……之上，到，朝 outside 在……的外面，外道，边缘 throughout遍及，到处；自始至终 underneath在……下面 upon 在……上，一……即…… within 在...之内 without没有，缺乏，在外面
The weather forecast is according to the latest data.
She brought her sister along with her to the party.
We had to cancel the trip because of the bad weather.
He solved the problem by means of logical thinking.
Please don't park your car in front of the entrance.
The new restaurant is next to the library.
There is a flag on top of the building.
三、双重介词
两个介词一起使用。
eg:as from从……起，自……开始 as for关于、就……而言 over against与……相对，与……相比 except for除了（除了...外） from among从...中选择 from behind在比赛中处于落后的位置，但最终赢得胜利 from under从下面：以明显但不易察觉或无法阻止的方式 inside of在……里面：表示在某个物体或空间的内部outside of 除了……之外 until after直到……之后
There's a big box on top of the fridge.
The flag was flying at the top of the pole.
There's a gas station in the vicinity of the highway.’
The coffee shop is on the corner of Main and Elm streets.
The walls were bare except for a clock.
She dug out a photograph from under a pile of papers.
He took a book out of the box.
The dog was sitting in back of the car.
四、分词介词
由动词的分词转化而来的介词，大多数是由现在分词转化而来。
concerning关于，涉及 considering考虑到，鉴于 excluding将……排除在外；不包括…… following在……之后，紧接着including包括，包含 regarding关于，至于
The meeting will address issues concerning employee benefits.
Considering the weather, we decided to postpone the picnic.
The museum is closed on Mondays, excluding public holidays.
The results will be announced following the examination.
The tour covers all major cities, including Paris and Rome.
I have received your email regarding the meeting.
五、短语介词
一个短语行使介词的功能。
according to根据，按照，据……所述 along with随着 because of因为 due to由于 thanks to多亏了 by means of通过 in honor of为了纪念 in the event of如果发生 in spite of尽管 in case of万一…
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
The company's profits rose along with its reputation.
She was late because of the traffic jam.
The flight was delayed due to technical problems.
We finished the project on time, thanks to everyone's hard work.
The message was sent by means of a carrier pigeon.
A statue was erected in honor of the war hero.
In the event of an accident, call for help immediately.
探索发现
介词那么多，各种搭配排列组合
下来太庞杂了，该怎么记？
弄明白介词的运动方向
和性质是关键。
语法秘籍
Where
方位介词
When
时间介词
Why
支持
反对
How
工具
手段
方式
介词的方位
on
Where
方位介词
酒是浑浊的，装在一个上面没有标签的有趣的旧瓶子里。
And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label（标签）____ it.
under
on
介词的方位
above
Where
方位介词
below
The balls are above the box.
The box is below the balls.
There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.
介词的方位
over
Where
方位介词
Throw the balls over the box.
The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.
behind
介词的方位
in front of
Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Where
方位介词
介词的方位
through
One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land.
Where
方位介词
介词的方位
across
Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”.
Where
方位介词
介词的方位
along
bank
past
One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep.
Where
方位介词
介词的方位
from
起点
终点
to
Where
China’s National Highway 318, extending over 5000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
介词的方位
onto
off
Where
方位介词
The youngster immediately jumps onto its mother’s back and they travel off together.
介词的方位
into
out of
Where
方位介词
In particular, I throw myself into the world of music.
介词的方位
inside
outside
Where
方位介词
The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
down
介词的方位
up
The first time we stayed there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike making its way down the hill toward us.
Where
opposite
介词的方位
I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.
语法秘籍
Where
方位介词
When
时间介词
Why
支持
反对
表原因等
How
工具
手段
方式等
单项选择
_____March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.
01
On
For
In
At
When
时间介词
单项选择
____ April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.
02
In
On
At
For
When
时间介词
单项选择
____ years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.
03
On
For
In
At
When
时间介词
单项选择
In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence ____ any time.
04
at
by
in
with
When
时间介词
单项选择
A few weeks before I had started writing my term paper. I thought I could finish it ____ August.
05
by
for
with
in
短文填词
When
时间介词
While riding his bike home ________ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ________ age seven.
01
02
at
on
03 The pan was too hot and the bread turned black ________ seconds.
04________the early 1970s, _______centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.
05 Put off watching your favorite show ________the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes ________going for that cake.
其他时间介词
When
时间介词
within
By
after
until
before
发现
时间介词的用法口诀：
at点at时at年龄， on日on天on具体;
in早in晚in整周， in月in年in四季;
还有前(before)后(After)期间(during)到（till/until) 截止(by)。
语法秘籍
Where
方位介词
When
时间介词
Why
支持
反对
表原因
......
How
工具
手段
方式
......
单项选择
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add ____ the ever-growing list.
01
to
on
by
at
单项选择
Jones’ idea has been fully realized-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people saying hello.
02
at
from
beyond
on
单项选择
The use of those plastics has increased ____ 300% ____ 2019.
03
by; since
for; in
by; from
at; since
单项选择
If you plan _____ working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
04
off
along
from
on
单项选择
Once, we camped _____ Chalk Creek. I was worried that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪).
05
on
off
from
along
语法填空
How does Robert sound when speaking ______his being a writer
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _______ saving their environment.
01
for
02
of
语法填空
Museums must compete ______ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______, through agriculture.
03
for
04
in
语法填空
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination ______ food lovers.
And the only way for us to get _____ the habit of waiting is to practice.
05
for
06
into
语法填空
You might think about posting what you are looking for ______ social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs, seven to be exact.
07
on
08
of
语法填空
Modem methods__________tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
09
of / for
02
介词短语
一、构成形式
(1) 动词+介词。
look at 看 listen to 听 talk about 谈论
come across(偶然)遇到,发现 look after 照料
act as 担当,起……的作用 work hard at 努力学
take part in 参加 die of 死于 depend on 依靠
When you look at the painting, notice the use of light and shadow.
Please listen to the teacher carefully during the lecture.
We spent the evening talking about old times.
While walking in the forest, she came across a hidden waterfall.
The nurse looks after the patients in the hospital.
He acted as the tour guide for the visiting dignitaries.
He needs to work hard at improving his language skills.
Many students took part in the school's science fair.
（2） 形容词+介词。
be friendly to 对……友好 be angry with 生……气
get tired of 讨厌 be worried about 担心
be famous for 以……出名 be made from 由……制成
She is always friendly to everyone she meets.
He was angry with his friend for being late.
I'm getting tired of the same old routine every day.
She is worried about her son's safety while he's traveling.
The scientist is famous for his groundbreaking research.
The delicious wine is made from locally grown grapes.
（3）介词+名词。
on foot 步行 by bike 骑自行车 with joy 高兴地 as a result 结果 at present 现在 at once 马上 for example 例如
for sale 出售 in public 公开地 in fact事实上 on fire 着火 on time 准时
We decided to explore the city on foot.
He commutes to work by bike every day.
The children played with joy in the park.
There was a lot of rain, and as a result, the river flooded.
We don't have enough information at present to make a decision.
He apologized at once for his mistake.
There are many types of apples, for example, Fuji and Gala.
Tickets for the concert are now for sale.
He proposed to her in public at the park.
二、句法功能
1.作定语，常置于被修饰词后。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
I’d like to hear your thoughts on the subject.
2.作表语，常置于系动词后。
Mr. Green is out of town this week.
If someone is in trouble, we should help him.
3. 作状语，常修饰句子或动词。
During the winter holiday I lived at my grandma’s house.
According to the weather report, it should brighten up later.
The fish is swimming in the river.
4.作补足语，补充说明宾语。
I will keep the words in my mind.
I left my mobile phone at the office yesterday.
They found the machine in a bad state.
Note:有the？没the？分不清？
有the表示名词具体地点，无the表示动作去某地进行什么活动。
1. go to school去上学 go to the school 到学校去
2. at school在学校上学 at the school 在学校里
3. in hospital 在住院（因病住院） in the hospital 在医院这个地方
4. in bed生病卧床 in the bed 在床上
5. go to bed 去睡觉 go to the bed 去床边
6. by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
7. go to sea 出海 go to the sea去海边
8. in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里
9. in prison在坐牢 in the prison 在监狱（不一定是坐牢）
10. at table在桌旁吃饭 at the table 在桌旁
11. in office 执政 in the office在办公室
12. go to church做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂
Note:特殊组别
1.in front of 在外部的前面 in the front of 在内部的前面
There is a tree in front of our classroom.
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
2.take place 发生 take the place of 代替
The annual charity marathon will take place next weekend in the city park.
Although the robot can perform many tasks, it cannot take the place of a human teacher's guidance and support.
3.out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能
Your success in the competition is out of question given your hard work and dedication.
It's out of the question to finish the project by tomorrow; we need at least another week.
4.A be in charge of B=B be in the charge of A 看管
The security of the building is in the charge of a professional security company.
=A professional security company is in charge of the security of the building.
单项选择
The experienced climber was________ the potential danger in such extreme weather and decided to wait until the following day.
01
completely blind to
totally lost in
well aware of
pretty keen on
单项选择
I’m far________ and I’ll never get this report done by Friday.
02
below surface
beyond control
behind schedule
above average
单项选择
— Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello.
—________. Actually, she’s very shy.
03
I have no idea
Don’t jump to conclusions
Don’t mention it
There is no doubt about it
单项选择
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t _______ why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out.
04
figure out
give away
think over
make up
单项选择
If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might __________ doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.
05
gave way to
kept an eye on
turned a deaf ear of
set foot on
单项选择
Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
06
make out
take back
set aside
keep off
单项选择
You'll want to _________ on your journey to see how far you've come.
07
look up
look for
look back
look down
单项选择
Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
08
in exchange for
in answer to
in contact with
in memory of
单项选择
He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ____ those things.
09
act on
settle on
check on
agree on
单项选择
For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ____ a monkey.
10
at the mercy of
beyond the reach of
in the shape of
on the side of
03
习题练习
And who do they speak English______
From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ______ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build)system of ring roads.
Helen was walking down the street late ______ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
单句语法填空
with
built
to
in
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types _____trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
单句语法填空
by
for
of
The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _____ earth, Mother Nature.
This aging of the population is driven _____ two factors.
Over time, the bags fall _____ apart countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
单句语法填空
on
by
into
Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
And, of course man has also had a negative impact using engine-powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
First celebrated 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）.
单句语法填空
by
in
with
Thank you for
watching.