2025届中考英语冠词和数词复习 课件(共100张PPT)

(共100张PPT)
冠词和数词
CONTENTS
冠词
01
数词
习题练习
03
02
01
冠词
一、冠词
冠词是一种虚词，常置于名词之前，起限定、说明的作用，不能离开名词使用，不能单独做句子成分。
分类:
1.定冠词the
2.不定冠词a、an
3.零冠词
1.定冠词the
定冠词the用在发音为辅音音素开头单词前，读/ /，在以元音音素开头前，读/ i/。
the old
the back garden
the boy
the easiest way
the book
the university
1.定冠词the
（1）用在特指的人或物的名词前。
Jim booked a hotel a few days ago. The environment of the hotel is nice.
（2）说话双方都知道的人或物。
Give me the book,please.
（3）特指后面有定语或从句修饰的人或物。
The book that I told you about is written by a Japanese novelist.
1.定冠词the
（4）用于集体名词前，表示事物的整体或全体成员。
The police are looking for him now.
（5）用于序数词前，表示“第几”。
The first lesson is very easy.
（6）用于形容词或副词的最高级前，也可以用于only, very, main, sole, same, following, last, next, usual, right等前。
It is the easiest way to work out the problem.
1.定冠词the
（7）用于表示世界上独一无二事物前。
The moon is very bright at night.
（8）用于表示乐器名词前。
My daughter plays the violin for two hours every night.
（9）用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace
1.定冠词the
（10）用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”。
The Smiths will invite you to the party.
（11）用于形容词或分词前，表示某一类人、某一类事物或某种抽象概念。
Firemen tried their best to save the injured.
（12）用于可数名词前，表示一类人或物。
The computer has change the world.
1.定冠词the
（13）用于某些固定词组中。
at the same time 同时 by the way 顺便提一下
the other day 前几天 in the end 最后
for the time being 暂时 on the other hand 另一方面
in the distance 在远处 to tell the truth 说实话
on the increase 正在增长
Mom, I like _______ green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me
a
an
the
/
1.
— What’s the matter with you
—I can’t remember where I parked _______ car.
a
an
the
/
2.
______Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day
/
A
An
The
3.
—How was _______dinner at Mike’s house
—It was great. Mike’s mum is _______ wonderful cook.
a;the
the;a
the;the
a;an
4.
Look! Who’s _______ boy over there
—Oh, he’s my cousin, Bob. He is _______ honest boy.
a; the
the; a
the; an
a; an
5.
—We have ________ 8 day holiday.
—Why not go to ________ West Lake
an;the
a;a
a;the
an;a
6.
—What _______ heavy rain it was!
—Yes, but I love _______ air after it rains. It smells so fresh.
the;a
a;the
the;the
a;a
7.
I like playing ________ violin, but my brother likes playing________ basketball.
a;the
the;/.
the;a
a;a
8.
In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _____ third Sunday in _____ June.
　　
the;/
the;a
/;the
a;/
9.
Doing lots of listening practice is one of ____ best ways of becoming ____good language learner.

the;the
the;a
/;a
the;/
10.
2.不定冠词a、an
a 用于辅音音素前
an 用于元音音素前
20个元音音素
[ɑ:] [ ] [ :] [ ] [ :] [ ] [i:] [ ]
[u:] [ ] [ ] [e]
[a ] [ ] [e ] [ ] [u ] [e ] [au] [ u]
U型法（j和倒V音的区别）
____ university ____ umbrella
____ UFO ____ ugly UFO
____ useful word ____ unhappy girl
a
an
a
a
an
an
障眼法（j和w的发音）
This is ____ one-year-old baby.
France is ____ European country.
a
a
隔山打牛法（h开头的单词发音辨识）
Do you think he is _____ honest boy
Is this ____horse
It takes me ____ hour to take a shower.
an
a
an
In a university, a European walks along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing.
在一所大学里，一个欧洲人拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。
An hour ago，an honest man accepted an honorable task.
一个小时以前，一个诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。
（1）表示数量“一”，用于可数名词单数之前，表示“未曾提到的一人/事/物”。
There is a rabbit under the tree.
He can’t speak English, so he needs an interpreter.
（2）泛指同类人或物的任何一个或其中一个，与可数名词单数连用，表示“一个，某一个”。
I’d like an apple.
（3）用于可数名词单数前，表示一类人或物。
A writer should learn to accept criticism.
（4）用于可数名词单数之前，表示单位数量、速度、价格、比率等，表示“每一”。
Take this medicine three times a day.
（5）用于抽象名词之前，起具体化的作用。
It’s a pleasure for me to work with you.
She is a great beauty.
（6）用于序数词前，表示“又一、再一”。
I like this movie, so I want to watch it a second time.
（7）用于某些固定词组中。
keep an eye on 照看
make a call 打电话
make a decision 做决定
all of a sudden 突然
do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙
take a chance 冒险
as a rule 通常
make a living 谋生
as a result 因此
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a hurry 匆忙
at a distance 从远处
have a try 尝试
as a matter of fact 事实上
in a word 总之
Look! There is ____ bottle on the table.
a
an
the
/
1.
I want to be ____ engineer when I grown up.
a
an
the
/
2.
Lee Min-ho is ________ actor from South Korea. He sang ________ Chinese pop song on the 2014 CCTV New Year’s Gala.
the;an
/;the
an;a
a;/
3.
I want to see Tiny Times ____ second time because it is such ____wonderful movie.
the; a
the; /
a; a
a; /
4.
He often watches news on TV for nearly ____ hour after dinner.
a
an
the
/
5.
He studies in ____ university in Beijing.
a
an
/
the
6.
France is ________ European country while Thailand is ________ Asian country.
an;an
an,a
a;a
a;an
7.
3.零冠词
（1）用于复数名词或不可数名词之前，泛指一类人或物。
Children are getting a better education today than in the past.
Elephants are my favorite animals.
（2）用于国名、人名、地名等专有名词或表示公园、火车站等的名词之前。
Beijing is the capital of China.
（3）用于称呼、头衔、职位等名词之前。
She was appointed general manager of the company finally.
（4）用于三餐的名词之前。
It is time to have lunch.
（5）用于表示日期、月份、星期、节假日、日、夜、早、中、晚、周、年的名词之前。表示季节时，可加定冠词the，也可以用零冠词。
She was born on June 17, 1990.
（6）用于表示球类、棋类等体育运动或娱乐活动的名词之前。
They are playing basketball in the playground.
He plays chess better than I do.
（7）用于机构、组织等名词前。
My elder sister went to university last year. I’ve been to the university to visit her twice.
（8）用于表示交通和通信手段的名词前。
by bus，by train
（9）用于某些习惯用语中的名词之前，部分具体名词可以表示抽象概念。
in return/danger/trouble/short/common 作为回报/处于危险中/处于困境中/简而言之/共有
arm in arm/hand in hand 臂挽臂/手拉手
day by day/inch by inch/little by little一天天地/一步一步/逐渐地
face to face/end to end面对面/首尾相接连成一行
by accident/chance/heart 意外地/偶然地/单凭记忆
on duty/fire/hand/sale/show 值班/着火/现有/上市/在展出
Michael usually plays ____ guitar at ____ home.
the; the
a; a
1.
/; the
the; /
答案：D　
简析：麦克通常在家弹吉他。the+西洋乐器；在家通常用“at home”。
There is ____ unhappy boy sitting on ____ seat over there, who looks very sad.
a; a
a; the
2.
the; the
an; the
答案：D　
简析：有一个不开心的男孩坐在那边的座位上，他看起来很难过。男孩这个信息第一次提及，又因为“unhappy”以元音开头。因此用“an”；因为特指“那边的座位上”，因此用“the”。
—Is Tony ____ honest boy
—Yes, I think he is ____ most helpful boy in our class.
a; the
an; an
3.
an; the
the; an
答案：C
简析：托尼是个诚实的男孩吗？是的，我觉得他是我们班最有帮助的男孩。因为“honest”以元音开头，因此用“an”；之后使用最高级，因此用“the” 。
—Mary, who’s ____ woman over there
—She’s my aunt, ____ English teacher.
the; the
a; the
4
the; an
a; an
答案：C
简析：玛丽，那边的那个女人是谁？她是我婶婶一个英语老师。由于特指“那边的那个女人”因此用“the”；由于表达职业，用不定冠词，同时“English”是以元音开头，因此用“an”。
—Jane, I found ____ umbrella. Is it yours
—No, it's Mike’s. Mine is ____ third one on the shelf.
a; an
an; the
5.
the; a
a; the
答案：B　
简析：简，我找到一把雨伞。是你的吗？不是，那是麦克的。我的是架子上的第三个 。由于刚开始对方不知道我说的是那一把雨伞，因此用“a”，之后他说第三把雨伞，是特指第三，因此用“the”。
Zhu Zhiwen was ________usual farmer several years ago. But how he is ________ famous singer, he can play________ piano.
an; an;the
a; a; the
6.
an; a ;/
a; a;/
答案：B　
_______ boy in a black hat is my brother. He often plays ________ chess with my friends.
A; the
The; /
7.
The; a
A; /
答案：B
—What did you do yesterday
—We took a trip to Water Park by ________ bus and went for ________ walk around the lake.
/; a
/; /
8.
the; a
the; the
答案：B
Diaoyu Island is ________ island in the south of
East China Sea. It belongs to ________ China.
a; the
an; /
9.
the; /
an; a
答案：B
Fred plays_____Piano after ____Supper every day.
the; the
/; the
10.
the; /
an; a
答案：C
适当形式填空
There is ____ “h” in the word “hot”.
1.
There is ____ ”s” on my handbag.
2.
There is ____ ”b” in the word ” boy”.
3.
an
an
a
适当形式填空
Tom likes playing ____ football,
4.
but Lily likes playing ____ violin.
/
the
4.
5.
____ Dragon Boat Festival is coming.
the
an
She sings ____ unusual song.
6.
a
He is ____ rich man.
7.
I'm going to buy ____ egg in the supermarket.
8.
an
适当形式填空
02
数词
二、数词
英语中的数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词 。
分类：
1.基数词：表示数量的词。
2.序数词：表示顺序的词。
1.基数词
1-12：独立成词
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19：以teen结尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20-90：以ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21-99：两位数，中间要加连字符“-”
twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty- four … ninety-nine
101-999：三位数，百位后面加and
one hundred and one … one hundred and ninety-nine … nine hundred and ninety-nine
基数词变序数词口诀
123特别记，th4加起；
8减t，9去e，f来把ve替；
ty结尾是th，变y为ie；
若是遇见几十几，个位变了就可以。
Note:
hundred, thousand, million, billion
million百万
billion十亿
这四个词的前面如果有具体数字，就要用单数形式，后面接可数名词的复数。
four hundred boys（四百名男生）
如果这四个词的前面没有具体数字，那么他们的后面要加上s+of，后面仍然接可数名词的复数。
hundreds of boys（数千名男生）
“基数词+连字符+名词”构成复合形容词，表示数量。
名词用单数形式。
=”基数词+名词所有格”
其后跟可数名词单数是，前者常常加a/an，后者不用冠词。
a two-day activity=two days’ activity
a five-hour drive=five hours’ drive
基数词可以表示书页、住所、房间、教室、邮编等编号, 此时首字母常大写，表示编号时，也可以“the+序数词+名词”。
第9号Number nine (缩写No. 9)
第8页Page eight (缩写P8/p.8)
第7行Line seven (缩写 L7/l.7)
第6站台Platform (No.) 6
第4路公交车 Bus (No.) 4
唐宁街10号 No.10 Downing Street
邮编21009Postcode (zip cope) 21009
=the nineth number
=the eighth page
=the seventh line
=the sixth platform
表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数，“in one's+整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人十几岁时”。
In his twenties, my uncle went to France.
在表示“几十年代”时，可以用基数词的复数形式，也可以用阿拉伯数字加“s”或“'s”。
In the nineteen nineties
=In the 1990s
=In the 1990's
every+基数词+复数名词=every+序数词+单数名词
“每隔，每”
We go on vacation every six months.
=We go on vacation every sixth month.
Such meetings are held every third year.
=Such meetings are held every three years.
“another+基数词+名词复数” ，表示”又一，再一”。
You must stay in bed for another two days.
1. There are months in a year.
A. Four B. seven C. twelve D. twenty
2. Mike lives in .
A. room 301 B. Room 301 C. 301 room D. 301 Room
3. Jack is in .
A. class one, grade six C. Class One, Grade Six
B. grade one, class six D. Grade One, Class Six
C
B
C
4. This sofa cost me yuan.
A. two thousands, two hundred forty
B. two thousand, two hundreds forty
C. two thousand, two hundred and forty
D. two thousand, two hundreds and fort
5. My telephone number is
A. eighty-nine two forty four zero nine
B. eight nine two double four o nine
C. eighty-nine two forty-four zero nine
D. eight nine two four fourteen nine
C
B
6. Fifty and is ninety.
A. Fourteen B. forty C. thirty D. fifty
7. There are days in a year.
A. three hundred sixty-five
B. three hundred and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty five
D. three hundreds and sixty-five
8. The new student is in .
A.Class 2 B. class 2 C. 2 Class D. Class Second
B
B
A
9.Forty and four is
A. Ten B. fourteen C. eighteen D. forty-four
10.There are students in our school.
A. five hundred of B. five hundreds
C. hundred of D. hundreds of
11. The park is about walk.
A. five minute B. five minute's C. five minutes' D. five minutes
12. One hundred divided by 5 is .
A. Twelve B. twenty C. fifty D. ninety-five
D
D
C
B
13. May is girl.
A. a eight year old B. a eight-year-old
C. eight years old D. an eight-year-old
14. There are hours in a day.
A. Eight B. twelve C. twenty-four D. forty-eight
15. Ninety times two is .
A. forty-five B. ninety-two
C. one hundred D. one hundred and eighty
D
C
D
16. Two hundred thousand, three hundred and sixty is .
A.2,360 B. 20,360 C. 2,316 D. 200,360
D
2.序数词
形式：
⑴first 第一
second 第二
third 第三
⑵以ty结尾的基数词变序数词需将y变成i，再加eth.
twentieth thirtieth
⑶其余序数词都以th结尾
fourth第四；thirteenth第十三
特殊记：fifth第五；eighth第八；ninth第九；twelfth第十二
⑷表示“几十几”的两位数的基数词变序数词时，只需将个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。
twenty-one—— twenty-first
sixty-five—— sixty-fifth
缩写：
序数词的缩写形式由对应的阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母构成。
first—— 1st second—— 2nd third——3rd
fourth—— 4th eightieth—— 80th
用法：
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
The second is what I really need． （作主语）
He chooses the second． （作宾语）
We are to carry out the first plan．（作定语）
She is the second in our class．（作表语）
（1）序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
Monday is the second day of a week
（2）序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”,相当于another 。
Would you like a second cup of tea
I had a fourth apple.
（3）first,second等有时可表示一批人或物。
The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.
（4）有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。
He came out first in the contest.他在比赛中获得第一名。
（5）first,second等在用来指“冠军、亚军”等获胜名次时也常不加冠词。
He is first.
序数词前不加定冠词the的几种情况：
（1）当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，序数词前不用 the。
Mother was my first teacher in my life.
Tom is Lily's third boyfriend.
（2）当表达分数时，序数词前不用 the。
One fifth of the students here are from the country.
Three fourths of the students here are from the country.
（3）当表达“又一，再一”时，序数词前不用 the，但可加不定冠词。
Please give me a second chance.
The poor woman had a third baby.
（4）当表达“年月日”时，序数词前不用the。
He was born on June 6th, 1974.
（5）当序数词在句中作状语时，序数词前不用 the。
Who got there second
I finished the work first.
（6）当表达比赛中获得的名次时，序数词前不用 the。
She stands first in her class.
（7）当表示某人的多少岁 生日时，序数词前不加the。
Mary's twelfth birthday.
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I am in Class (three).
2. Two (three) of the students in my class help their parents do the housework.
3. There are some storybooks on the shelf. The (five )one is Linda's. The (nine) one is mine.
4. -Which floor do you live on
-The (four) floor.
Three
third
fifth
ninth
fourth
5. Our school starts at (eight).
6. There are thirty students in our class. (two five ) of us like playing basketball.
7. Look at the (two) picture. It's interesting.
8. There are (twelve) months in a year. December is the (twelve) month.
9. Grandma is ninety years old. This is her (ninety) birthday.
eight
Two fifths
second
twelve
twelfth
ninetieth
10. It's the (three) time I have been here.
11. Don't eat now. Please wash your hands (one).
12. Go straight ahead and turn right at the (four) traffic lights.
third
first
fourth
3.分数
⑴分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母序数词要变复数形式。
1/4：one-fourth
2/3：two-thirds
一些特殊表示法：
1/2：a/one half
1/4：a/one quarter
3/4：three quarters
⑵分数在句中可作主、表、宾、定、状语。
Half a day passed, but he hasn’t finished it yet. (作主语)
The crop was only one-third of the usual amount that year. (作表语)
Give a quarter of the pie to each of them. (作宾语)
It's one-twentieth the thickness of a human hair. (作定语)
China is one-sixth larger than the United States. (作状语)
牛刀小试
3
4
( ) A. three fours B. three fourths
1
8
( ) A. one eighth B. one eight
5
12
( ) A. five twelfths B. fifth twelfths
B
A
A
4.小数
⑴小数的读法：小数点读作point;零读作zero
小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出
6.4：six point four
0.05：naught point naught five (zero point zero five)
12.409：twelve point four zero nine
⑵小数主要作定语
The rope is 1.8 metres long.
牛刀小试
3.072
3.702
0.327
three point zero seven two
three point seven zero two
zero point three two seven
5.百分数(percent)
“基数词/小数+percent”表示。percent相当于%
可以作主、表、宾、定、状语
Ten percent of the pupils are absent today. (作主语)
12 is one percent of 1200. (作表语)
The price of bread has gone up by forty percent in two years. (作宾语)
I paid him four percent interest. (作定语)
I'm not a hundred percent convinced myself. (作状语)
03
习题练习
A ____ woman was saved from the ship on June 2nd, 2015.
65 year old
65 year olds
1.
65-year-old
65-years-old
答案：C
简析：年龄的表示方法，作定语时结构是“基数词-year-old”因此选C。
John is 180 centimeters tall, and his daughter is 90.
So he is twice ____ she.
so tall as
as tall as
2.
much taller than
less than
答案：B
简析： 表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B”结构或“A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B”结构。once一倍；twice两倍；三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。句意为“约翰高180厘米，他女儿高90厘米。因此他是她的两倍高。”故本题应选B。A项必须用于否定句，C项若去掉much也是正确的，D项不符合题意。
—Which class won the basketball match
—____ did.
Class Third
Class Three
3.
Third Class
Three Class
答案：B
简析：基数词和序数词都可以表示编号。它们的表示方法分别是：序号在前用序数词，要小写；序号在后要用基数词大写。
____ trees have been planted near here, so the air is very fresh.
Two hundreds
Hundred of
4.
Hundreds of
Hundreds
答案：C
简析：基数词之后用hundred的单数形式，hundred的复数形式与of连用，故选C。句意是“附近已经植了数百棵树，因此空气非常新鲜。”
____ girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded.
Million of
Many million of
5.
One million of
Millions of
答案：D
简析：句意为“许多女孩参加‘快乐女生’的比赛，但是仅仅很少一些人成功了。”million后面跟of的时候一定要用复数形式，表示“成千上万的，许多的”。
Nearly ____ of the earth ____ covered by sea.
three fourth; is
three fourths; is
6.
three fourth; are
three fourths; are
答案：B
简析：考查分数的表达和主谓一致。句意为“几乎四分之三的地球表面被海洋覆盖。”当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。“四分之三的地球表面”看作一个整体故动词用第三人称单数形式。
他每天早上总是第一个到校。
He is always the first to get to school every morning.
1.
第三天早上玛丽没有迟到。
On the third day, Mary wasn’t late.
2.
这本书我昨晚读了20页。
I read twenty pages of the book yesterday evening.
3.
最近的医院离他们学校约4到5公里。
The nearest hospital is about four to five kilometers from their school.
4.
三生三世，十里桃花。
Life after life，blooms over blooms.
5.
Thank you for
watching.