2025届高考英语二轮复习语法：定语从句课件

(共112张PPT)
定语从句
CONTENTS
定语从句分类
01
关系代词
02
关系副词
03
非限制性定语从句
04
习题训练
05
01
定语从句分类
红色部分有什么作用？
修饰名词，相当于形容词，作定语
哪些词可以作定语？
n.
paper bag
adj.
beautiful girl
doing
waiting room
done
fallen leaves
I have homework to finish.
不定式
the picture on the wall
介词短语
What is 定语？
I have a pretty sister.
The colorful pictures are put on the wall.
She bought a blue pen.
He is a handsome man.
大部分定语为adj./n.,修饰后面的名词。
I like a book. My father bought me the book.
合并：I like a book that my father bought me.
This is the doll. You are looking for the doll.
合并：This is the doll that you are looking for.
I know the man. The man is crying in the car.
合并：I know the man who is crying in the car.
What is 定语从句？
Note:两个简单句，第二个简单句相同成分换成关系词。
I like a book that my father bought me.
This is the doll that you are looking for.
I know the man who is crying in the car.
定语从句是修饰名词（代词）的句子。
结构：
先行词（名词/代词）+关系词+从句
主句（完整句子）
从句（缺成分）
定从
主句
先 行 词
关 系 词
非限制性定语从句
What’s the difference
限制性定语从句
从句与先行词之间有逗号
I went to London, where I spent my summer holiday.
从句与先行词之间无逗号
She is my neighbor who is a famous writer.
02
关系代词
when
where
why
who
whom
whose
which
that
我叫关系副词
我叫关系代词
语法填空主要考察关系词
“五步法完成定语从句关系词选择”：
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
I found the pen I lost yesterday.
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
the pen
物
I lost yesterday.
I（主语） lost（谓语） yesterday（状语）.
I lost the pen yesterday
从句缺宾语
当先行词是物，在从句中做宾语，用that/which
I like visiting places are not far away.
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
places
物
are not far away
are not（谓语）far away（表语）
places are not far away
从句缺主语
当先行词是物，在从句中做主语，用that/which
Do you know the boy is my desk mate
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
the boy
人
is my desk mate
is（谓语）my desk mate（表语）
the boy is my desk mate
从句缺主语
当先行词是人，在从句中做主语，用who
The young man I met yesterday is from the UK.
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
the young man
人
I met yesterday
I（主语）met（谓语）yesterday（状语）
I met the young man yesterday
从句缺宾语
当先行词是人，在从句中做宾语，用whom
The man son is a doctor is our headmaster.
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
the man
人
son is a doctor
son（主语）is（谓语）a doctor（表语）
The man’s son is a doctor
当先行词是人，在从句中做定语，用whose
The book cover is red is interesting.
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
the book
物
cover is red
cover（主语）is（谓语）red（表语）
The book’s cover is red
当先行词是物，在从句中做定语，用whose
翻译练习
周杰伦是从台湾来的歌手。
Jay Chou is a singer who comes from Taiwan.
1
翻译练习
那个戴红蝴蝶结的女人看起来很兴奋。
The woman who wears a red bow looks very excited.
2
翻译练习
这条狗正在读一本名叫
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的书。
The dog is reading a story which / that is called Romeo and Julia.
3
Yesterday we had a meeting at we discussed many issues.
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
a meeting
物
at we discussed many issues
at we（主语） discussed（谓语） many issues（宾语）
we discussed many issues at a meeting
当先行词是物，在从句中做宾语，前面有介词时候，只能用which
Do you know the girl with the man talked just now
①找先行词，看是人还是物
②找从句（从句从横线开始到第二个谓语动词之前结束）
③分析从句成分
④先行词放入从句中
⑤选择对应关系代词
the girl
人
with the man talked just now
with the man（主语） talked（谓语） just now（状语）
the man talked with the girl just now
当先行词是人，在从句中做宾语，前面有介词时候，只能用whom
关系代词 所修饰的先行词 关系代词在从句中做成分
who 指人 主语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
that 指物 主语、宾语
which 指物 主语、宾语
who
whom
which
what
The girl ____ is sitting under the tree comes from England.
1.
第1步：找→先行词→人→who/whom
第2步：带→带入从句→主语→who
More
This is the book ____ I bought yesterday.
which
that
2.
不填
A, B and C
第1步：找→先行词→物→which/that
第2步：带→带入从句→宾语→which/that/不填
如果其中一个人/物在从句中做宾语，那么该引导词可以省略。
More
Is this the factory ____ you visited the other day
who
whom
3.
what
which
第1步：找→先行词→物→which/that
第2步：带→带入从句→宾语→which
More
Shanghai is a city ____ most of us want to visit this summer.
who
which
4.
that
Both B and C
第1步：找→先行词→物→which/that
第2步：带→带入从句→宾语→which/that
More
which
what
when
who
May 4 is the day ____ we Chinese people will never forget.
5.
第1步：找→先行词→物→that/which
More
The girl ____ you saw in the street is Mary.
who
whom
6.
that
A, B and C
第1步：找→先行词→人→who/whom/that
第2步：带→带入从句→主语→who
More
The person to ____ you will write is Mr. Smith.
that
whom
7.
who
which
第1步：找→先行词→人→who/whom
第2步：带→带入从句→宾语→who/whom，to 介词后面只能接 whom
More
He is the boy ____ name is Jack.
that
whose
8.
who
when
答案：B
简析：这个男孩（的）名字是Jack，Whose作关系词作定语。
More
—Where is the camera ____ my father bought in Japan
—Oh, let me see. I put it in your suitcase.
when
whose
9.
that
what
第1步：找→先行词 camera→物→which/that
More
They are the men ____ I saw yesterday.
1.
Hangzhou is a city ____ is famous for the West Lake.
2.
This is the village ____ I wrote to you about.
3.
I can’t find the shop ____ I bought this computer from.
4.
Nina is making a bookcase ____ is for her little sister.
5.
who/whom/不填
that/which
that/which/不填
which/that/不填
that/which
填空题的选择：who/whom/which/that/不填
如果其中一个人/物在从句中做宾语，那么该引导词可以省略。
More
Richard sent me a postcard ____ he wrote during his trip.
6.
Jay doesn’t like coffee ____ is bad for our health.
7.
Frank often goes to the sports center at____ his friend is working.
8.
These are the books ____ I bought yesterday.
9.
Kitty showed me a picture ____ was taken when she was abroad.
10.
which/that/不填
which/that
which/不填
which/that/不填
which/that
填空题的选择：who/whom/which/that/不填
如果其中一个人/物在从句中做宾语，那么该引导词可以省略。
More
改写句子
The man who is listening to the stereo
will enter for a competition.（改为简单句）
The man is listening to the stereo.
He will enter for a competition.
1
改写句子
Everyone is looking at the woman.
who is dancing in the square.（改为简单句）
Everyone is looking at the woman.
She is dancing in the square.
2
改写句子
I went to the place.
It was full of people.（合并句子）
I went to the place .
that/which was full of people.
3
改写句子
The woman is sitting behind me.
I saw her last night.（合并句子）
The woman who / whom / 不填 I saw last night
is sitting behind me.
4
改写句子
The dictionary is missing.
I often borrow it from Tom.（合并句子）
The dictionary which / 不填 I often borrow from Tom is missing.
5
改写句子
Linda gave me a surprise.
It made me very happy.（合并句子）
Linda gave me a surprise,
which made me very happy.
6
特殊情况：
1.当指物的先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing, much, little, none等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时，关系词一般用that。在从句中充当宾语时，that可以省略。
That is all (that) I can do now.
There is much work (that) he has to do.
特殊情况：
2.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词，以及the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。在从句中充当宾语时，that可以省略。
It is the best novel (that) I have ever heard.
This is the first step that leads to success.
The painting is the very thing that appeals to Jack.
特殊情况：
3.当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，定语从句要用that引导，而不能用which。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about interest me greatly.
4.当主句是who或which开头疑问句时，只用that。
Who was the girl (that) you spoke to just now
特殊情况：
5.先行词如果是指人的one，ones，anyone，those时，关系词只能用who或whom。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
Anyone who does that must be mad.
6. 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
There were only five new models that were on shown.
as引导限制性定语从句：
（1）such + n. +as
I don’t like such a man as tells lies.
（2）the same + n. + as
I have the same book as you bought yesterday.
（3）so...as...
Here's so big a stone as nobody can lift.
（4）as...as...
He drives as expensive a car as he can afford.
03
关系副词
关系词：关系副词when
——表时间
I will never forget the day I first saw you.
我不会忘记那一天
我第一次遇见你
我不会忘记我第一次遇见你的那一天。
when
关系词：关系副词when
——表时间
I will never forget the day I first saw you.
when
I will never forget the day I first saw you.
介词+which
先行词
从句
将先行词放入从句中
I first saw you the day.
on
on
which
when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。相当于on/in/at which。（大部分情况下是on which）
I found mother cooking for me when I got home.
I will never forget the time when I spent my childhood in the country.
判断下面哪个是定语从句？
第一个是时间状语从句，第二个是定语从句。
关系词：关系副词where
——表地点
This is the cinema he watched the film yesterday.
这是电影院
他昨天看电影
这是他昨天看电影的电影院。
where
关系词：关系副词where
——表地点
This is the cinema he watched the film yesterday.
where
This is the cinema he watched the film yesterday.
介词+which
先行词
从句
将先行词放入从句中
He watched the film yesterday the cinema.
in
in
which
where表示地点，只能跟在表地点的名词后。相当于in/at which。 （大部分情况下是in which）
He returned to the small town where he was born.
They will go where they are happy.
判断下面哪个是定语从句？
第一个是定语从句，第二个是地点状语从句。
补充：
当先行词为stage，situation，case，point等表示抽象地点名词，且定从缺状语时候，用where或in which引导。
They have now reached the stage where they have to seperate with each other.
他们如今已经到了不得不分手的阶段。
牛刀小试
It's helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently.
I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
Life is like a long race _______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
where
where
where
关系词：关系副词why
——表原因
This is the reason he was late yesterday.
这是原因
他昨天迟到
这是他昨天迟到的原因。
why
关系词：关系副词why
——表原因
This is the reason he was late yesterday.
介词+which
先行词
从句
将先行词放入从句中
He was late yesterday the reason.
for
for
which
This is the reason he was late yesterday.
why
why表示原因，只能跟在表原因的名词后，通常是reason一个词。相当于for which。
I don’t know the reason for which he said these words.
We stayed at home for it was raining outside just now.
判断下面哪个是定语从句？
第一个是定语从句，第二个是原因状语从句。
当从句完整时候，考虑关系副词（在从句中做状语）
This is the place he works.
This is the place we visited last year.
That was the time he arrived.
Do you still remember the time we spent together
This is the reason he went.
The reason he gave us was quite reasonable.
易混点:
什么时候用关系代词，什么时候用关系副词？
where
when
why
that/which
that/which
that/which
关系副词 所修饰的先行词 关系副词在从句中所作成分
when 表示时间的名词（day, time, moment, minute等） 作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”
where 表示地点的名词（place, village等）；或case, point, situation等 作地点状语，相当于“介词+which”
why 表示原因的名词（reason） 作原因状语，相当于for which
特殊情况：
当先行词是the way时
（1）引导词在从句中做主语、宾语等，可以用that或which，作宾语也可以省略引导词。
Many students didn’t understand the way (that/which) the professor explained to them in class.
（2）引导词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that或in which，也可以省略引导词。
He didn’t understand the way (that/in which) I worked out the problem.



牛刀小试：请将关系词换一换，句意不变。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
1
The time when we got together finally arrived.
2
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3
on which
at which
in which



牛刀小试：请将关系词换一换，句意不变。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
4
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
5
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
6
at which
for which
for which
牛刀小试：用适当的关系词填空
Liao is a student in Class 2, ________ is a lovely group. He has a wonderful English teacher ________ is intelligent and reliable. That's the reason ________ he loves English best. From time to time, he misses the time ________ he was still a quiet person.
which
why
who
when
1
牛刀小试：用适当的关系词填空
Years ago, he went to a coffee shop ________ he read books in his spare time. All of a sudden, a girl ________ eyes were bright and sparkling caught his eye. He made up his mind to talk to her. After that day, Liao became outgoing and talkative.
where
whose
2
牛刀小试：句子改错
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time which he should be able to be independent.
1
which
when
牛刀小试：句子改错
Please tell me the reason that you missed the plane.
2
that
why
That’s the hotel which we were staying last summer.
3
which
where
牛刀小试：句子改错
That’s the palace where we visited last summer.
4
where
which
The country is in the situation when a war will break out at any time.
5
when
where
that
句子改错
The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.
1
which
for which
I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.
2
which
in which
why
when
真题派送
There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...
At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _______ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
where
which/that
where
真题派送
4.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.
5.In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.
which
when
真题派送
7. Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
which
8.China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
where
“介词+which/whom”常见结构：
①“the+ 名词 + of which”和“ of which the+ 名词”，可以用“ whose+ 名词”代替。
whose 既可指人，又可指物，“whose+ 名词”在从句中可作主语、动词或介词的宾语。
This is the book the cover of which/of which the cover is designed by Mr. Jones.
T=his is the book whose cover is designed by Mr. Jones.
He is an actor whose name is well known to the world.
“介词+which/whom”常见结构：
②表示部分的词语 +of+ 关系代词（ which，whom）常见的表示部分的词语有：不定代词 all，both，none，either，some，any，most，few，several 等；数词（基数词、序数词、百分数、分数）；数词 + 名词；the+ 最高级 / 比较级。
Present at the meeting were almost experts on psychology, most of whom came from the US.
在“介词+which/whom结构”中，如何选择介词？
①根据和从句中动词的搭配。
The man with whom I talked just now is from Beijing University.、
②根据和从句中形容词的搭配。
Yesterday I visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
③根据和先行词的搭配。
He built a telescope, through which he could study stars.
④根据句意
My computer, without which I can’t play computer games, broke down yesterday.
In our class all the fifty students took part in the final exam. Only one of them didn’t pass the exam.
→In our class all the fifty students took part in the final exam, only one ________ ________ didn’t pass the exam.
of whom
The day will come. Ordinary people can travel to the moon on the day.
→The day _______ _______ ordinary people can travel to the moon will come.
on which
Do you still remember those days We worked together in those days.
→Do you still remember those days ________ ________ we worked together.
in which
The famous scientist once lived and worked in the village. Does this road lead to the village
→Does this road lead to the village ________ ________ the famous scientist once lived and worked
in which
The postman comes at 6:30 in the morning. I am usually fast asleep at that time.
→The postman comes at 6:30 in the morning, ________ ________ ________ I am usually fast asleep.
at which time
It’s reported that two schools will open next year. They are being built in my hometown.
→It’s reported that two schools, both _____ _______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
of which
He has saved another thousand dollars. He could support his family with the money.
→He has saved another thousand dollars ________ ________ he could support his family.
with which
Mr. Li will go abroad to study for a year. We have made great progress in maths with the help of him.
→Mr. Li, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ we have made great progress in maths, will go abroad to study for a year.
with the help of whom
That’s a practical problem. I will still need to find a solution to it.
→That’s a problem ________ ________ I will still need to find a solution.
to which
The river has been seriously damaged. There used to be many beautiful flowers on its banks.
→The river ________ ________ ________ there used to be many beautiful flowers has been seriously damaged.
on whose banks
04
非限制性定语从句
What is非限制性定语从句？
非限制性定语从句与主句常常用逗号隔开，从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉从句，句子意思仍然完整。
引导词：which, who, whom, where, when, as, whose。
She is my neighbor, who is a famous writer.
I went to London, where I spent my summer holiday.
He puts off the picnic until May 6, when he will not be so busy.
牛刀小试：翻译句子
1. 限制性定语从句：先译定语从句, 后译先行词, 常译作 “...的”。
The food which didn't put in the fridge has gone bad.
2. 非限制性定语从句：可译为并列句。
The food, which didn't put in the fridge, has gone bad.
没有放在冰箱的食物已经坏了。
食物没有放进冰箱里，已经坏了。
非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
去掉后，句意仍完整 去掉后，句意不完整
逗号隔开 没有逗号隔开
对先行词补充说明 对先行词修饰限定
探索发现
注意点：
（1）关系词不能省略。
Mr. White, for whom I was working, was very generous.
（2）先行词可以为整个主句，通常用which引导，翻译为“这......”。
They had to sleep in wet clothes, which was quite comfortable.
（3）that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
牛刀小试：语法填空
I live in Beijing, is the capital of China.
1
I have a friend, name is Liu Mei.
2
which
whose
His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, didn’t help.
3
which
There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child, is very common in China.
4
which
牛刀小试：语法填空
The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, they plan to stay for three days.
5
During holiday, I will live in the countryside, air is fresh and people are friendly.
6
where
where
Tom will put off the picnic until September 7th, he will be free.
7
when
探索发现： as 的使用
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
He has been to Paris ten times, which I don’t believe.
观察 “as”, “which” 位置的
区别，并体会as的含义
探索发现： as 的使用
as which
含义 像；正如 这一点；这就使得
位置 主句的 前 / 中 / 后 常在主句后
as和which相同点：
两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。
The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.
as和which不同点：
as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。
As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.
Air, as we know, is gas.
She told me she won the match, which was a lie.
as常常用于固定搭配！！！
探索发现： as 的使用
as is known to all
as we all know
as is reported in the newspaper
as is always mentioned above
as has been said before
as is usual
as is often the case
as is pointed out
as we expected
牛刀小试
The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
01
as
That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
02
which
牛刀小试
_____ a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world"
03
As
William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ____________ we can learn without repeating them.
04
from which
05
习题训练
练习：合并句子
This is the best method.
It can be used against pollution.
This is the best method
that can be used against pollution.
1
练习：合并句子
I’ve always longed for the days.
I will be able to be independent then.
I’ve always longed for the days
when I will be able to be independent.
2
练习：合并句子
I will go on a trip to Sichuan.
There’re a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.
I will go on a trip to Sichuan,
where there’re a great number of places of interest.
3
练习：合并句子
I am on good terms with a friend.
Her father works as an engineer.
I am on good terms with a friend,
whose father works as an engineer.
4
练习：合并句子
Through the course of my schooling,
I encountered many teachers.
Two of them influenced me greatly.
Through the course of my schooling, I encountered many teachers, two of whom influenced me greatly.
5
练习：语法填空
1. The form of the fable still has values today, _____Rachel Carson says in “A Fable(寓言) for Tomorrow”.
2. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”
as
where
练习：语法填空
3. Working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of ______ have emotional control issues.
4. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, ______ helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
whom
which
翻译句子
1
我住在北京，中国的首都。
I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
翻译句子
2
正如大家所知，我将成为八月底在天津举办的第13届国际比赛的志愿者。
As is known, I will be a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.
翻译句子
3
我们会把公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气会更好。
We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
翻译句子
4
我们准备周日早上在人民公园见面，那儿的空气清醒，景色也很美。
We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful.
翻译句子
5
我永远不会忘记我们一起去买吉他的那天。
I will never forget the day on which we went to buy guitars.
翻译句子
6
我环顾四周，终于发现大卫独自站在围栏边。
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
翻译句子
7
在活动之前，你有充分的准备，这是你出现在这里的最重要原因。
You have a full preparation before the event, which is the most important reason why you show up here.
翻译句子
8
她对我笑了笑，说如果我需要帮助，她就会在那里，这令我感到很宽慰。
She smiled at me and said if I needed help, she'd be right there, which I found quite comforting.
翻译句子
9
饥饿的熊闻着味道来到我们的营地，营地周围有一道高高的铁丝网。
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
Thank you for
watching.