2025届高考英语专项复习 名词性从句 课件（共104页）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语专项复习 名词性从句 课件（共104页） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 24.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-04 13:25:14 | ||
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文档简介
(共161张PPT)
名词性从句
CONTENTS
分类和连接词
01
主语从句
02
宾语从句
03
表语从句
习题训练
04
同位语从句
05
06
01
分类和连接词
What is 名词性从句？
从句在句子中所起的作用相当于名词短语在句子中所起的作用，因此称为名词性从句。
根据在句子中充当不同成分，分为：
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
主语
主语从句
His job is very important.
小结：做主语的是一个句子
位置：谓语动词之前
What he does is very important.
Let’s learn
特殊：it作形式主语的主语从句
宾语
宾语从句
I don't like his job.
小结：做宾语的是一个句子
位置：动词后，介词后，形容词后
I don't like what he does.
Let’s learn
表语
表语从句
This is his job.
小结：做表语的是一个句子
位置：系动词之后
This is what he does.
Let’s learn
同位语
同位语从句
I don't know Peter, the man in red.
小结：做同位语的是一个句子
位置：抽象名词之后，起解释说明作用
I don't know the fact that he is the boss.
Let’s learn
常见抽象名词：
hope/wish/fact/answer/problem/news/belief/idea/promise/suggestion/order/conclusion/information/thought/evidence
Let’s analyze:
What types of the clauses are these sentences
1. Do you know who the Chinese Doctor is
2. Bravely telling the truth is what a hero should have.
3. The fact that Li Wenliang is the hero of China is known to us.
4. It is certain that Li Wenliang is the hero of China.
Object Clause:
动词+含连接词的句子
Predicative Clause：
系动词+含连接词的句子
Appositive Clause：
抽象名词+含连接词的句子
Subject Clause：
含连接词的句子+谓语动词+宾语
1.连接词that，whether，if
They promised (that) they would respect our privacy.
I asked him whether/if he had done this thing by himself.
连接词 词义 在从句成分 引导从句类型 连接词位置
that 无 不充当 所有 句首/句中
if 是否 不充当 所有 句首/句中
whether 是否 不充当 主从、宾从 不可位于句首和介词后
whether和if区别：
（1）whether可以引导所有名词性从句，而if主要引导动词后的宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，此时if和whether可以互换。
Whether he is rich or not makes no difference.
The question is whether it is worth trying.
I don’t know whether/if he will attend the concert.
It is doubtful whether/if he is innocent.
（2）whether后可以直接跟or not，此时不能用if替代whether。
I don’t know whether or not she will come.
2.连接代词
Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
You can use whatever I have.
连接代词 词义 在从句成分 能否省略
what（ever） （无论）什么 主、宾、表、定 不能省
who（ever） （无论）谁 主 不能省
whom（ever） （无论）谁 宾 不能省
which（ever） （无论）哪个 主、宾、表、定 不能省
whose 谁的 定 不能省
3.连接副词
That’s where he used to live.
We didn’t know why she didn’t come.
连接副词 词义 在从句成分 能否省略
how(ever) (无论)如何 方式状语 不能省
when(ever) (无论)何时 时间状语 不能省
where(ver) (无论)何地 地点状语 不能省
why 为什么 原因状语 不能省
4.当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
They have no idea at all where he has gone.
Do you remember how he came
02
主语从句
一、定义
主语从句是在主从复合句中做主语的名词性从句，一般放在句首。
That we all should attend the meeting is important.
Why he did that is beyond my understanding.
Whom they invited to the party remains a secret.
What you need is a good rest.
二、连接词
1.that，whether
that在主语从句中不充当任何语法成分，只起连接作用且无词义，一般不能省略。
whether在主语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义。
That the earth is round is true.
Whether it is true or not is still a question.
2.who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。
Who will come to teach the students is not known.
Whom the watch belongs to is unknown.
Whose watch was lost is unknown.
Whatever he said wasn't true.
3. where，when，how，why。
Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.
When we start the work is an important question.
三、it作形式主语
1.It+be动词+过去分词/形容词/名词（短语）+主语从句
It is a pity that you did not finish the job on time.
It is decided that the action is canceled.
It is likely that the sport meets will be postponed until next week.
2. It+不及物动词+主语从句
It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.
It suddenly occurred to me that we took the wrong bus.
三、it作形式主语
3.It+及物动词+宾语+主语从句
It will not make any difference who raised the question.
It appears that the drought in Kansas has become less serious.
4. It+be动词+介词短语+主语从句
It is of great importance whether we can improve our research.
5.常见句型：
It is reported that 据报道
It is believed that 人们相信
It is said that 据说
It is estimated that 据估计
It is clear that 显然
It is likely that 很可能
It is obvious that 显而易见
It is no wonder that 难怪
5.常见句型：
It is an honor that 很荣幸
It is a pity that 遗憾的是
It is common knowledge/sense that=It is universally acknowledge that=It is well-known that 众所周知
It seems/appears that 似乎/看来
It happens that 碰巧
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that 某人突然想起
It is certain that ……是一定的
Let’s practice
改写下列句子，使之结构平衡？
找主语
主
主语太长，使用it做形式主语
It is certain that she will do well in her exam .
找主语
主
主语太长，使用it做形式主语
It is a pity that he made such a mistake.
找主语
主
It was reported that A Dream of Splendor became a hit in China .
1. That she will do well in her exam is certain.
2. That he made such a mistake is a pity.
3. That A Dream of Splendor became a hit in China was reported.
注意事项：
whether/if含有“是否”的意思，可以加上“or not”，其语义不变。
但如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether，不用if。
If the meeting will be put off hasn't been decided yet. （X）Whether the meeting will be put off hasn't been decided yet. (√)
It is still a mystery whether/if the castle was in ruins.
1. 主语从句的谓语一般用单数形式；
When the meeting will be held haven't been known yet.（X）When the meeting will be held hasn't been known yet. (√)
When he will come is a puzzle. (√)
2. What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式；What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
3. What引导的主语从句一般不可以改为含形式主语的句子，that则可以；
What you said yesterday is right.It is right what you said yesterday.（X）
That she is still alive is certain.It is certain that she is still alive. (√)
真题派送
_______ I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
01
Whose
That
What
Which
答案：C What
句意 ：我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
解析：该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语且表“something”，故用What。
More
More可点击
真题派送
_____ we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
02
That
When
What
Which
More
More可点击
答案：C What
句意 ：我们发现，仅仅从外观来判断你吃的东西，这是不明智的。
解析：该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少宾语且表“事物”，故用What。
翻译练习
What makes Sichuan cuisine popular is its unique flavor.
1
让
四川
菜
受
欢迎
的
特质
是
它
自身
的
独特
风味
。
Which degree of spiciness you choose depends on your own.
2
你
选择
哪
一
种
程度
的
辣
取决于
你
自己
。
翻译练习
Who you eat hotpot with influences
your choice of ordering non spicy, little spicy or very spicy food.
3
你
跟
谁
一
起
吃
火
锅
影
响
着
你
点
不
辣
，
微
辣
或
是
特
辣
的
食
物
的
选
择
。
翻译练习
Whatever food you choose should consider others’ food allergy.
1
Whichever food you order has its own cooking time.
2
无
论
你
选
择
什
么
事
物
都
应
该
考
虑
他
人
食
物
过
敏
的
情
况。
无
论
你
点
哪
一
种
食
物
都
有
它
对
应
的
烹
煮
时
间
。
翻译练习
Whoever love hot pot can have better socialization with friends.
3
无
论
是
谁
喜
欢
火
锅
都
可
以
与
朋
友
有
更
好
的
社
交
。
牛刀小试
Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
01
whatever
whoever
whomever
whichever
More
More可点击
答案：B
解析：句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除AD。 因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。
牛刀小试
Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
02
However
Whoever
Whatever
Wherever
More
More可点击
答案：C
解析：句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything that )。
牛刀小试
_______ one of you break the window will have to pay for it.
03
However
Whoever
Whichever
Wherever
More
More可点击
答案：C
解析：句意：你们中无论哪一个打破了窗户都要负责赔偿。本题考查主语从句。为主语从句，该从句缺少主语，此处指从you这一范围中做出，故填whichever表示无论哪一个。
真题派送
But in this experiment _______ they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
答案： what
解析：句意 ：但是在这个实验中，他们正在做的事是更加关注大的那个数字而不是小的那个数字。该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语且表“事情"，故用what。
More
01
More可点击
what
牛刀小试
_____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
More
02
More可点击
答案：How
解析：句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此填how。
How
牛刀小试
_______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
03
Whose
That
What
Which
答案：C
解析：句意 ：让这本书如此杰出的是作者富有创意的想象。该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语且表“物"，故用What
More
More可点击
牛刀小试
_________ prices of the internet-famous food will go up is certain.
04
Whose
That
What
Which
答案：B
解析：从句完整，用that引导主语从句。
More
More可点击
牛刀小试
_____ he will go there or not has been decided.
01
Whether
When
Which
Where
More
More可点击
答案：A. Whether
解析：他是否去那里已经决定了，主语从句中的or not 已经决定了这里是做选择，whether符合句意。
牛刀小试
_____ it will rain or not has not been heard.
02
Whether
When
Which
Where
More
More可点击
答案：A. Whether
解析：还没有听说是否要下雨。空格处引导主语从句，与or not 连接有是否的含义，whether符合句意。
牛刀小试
__________ you don’t like the restaurant has nothing to do with me.
03
That
Whichever
Whether
Who
More
More可点击
答案：A That
解析：句意 ：你不喜欢这家餐厅和我没有关系。空格处引导主语从句，从句完整，that符合句意。
牛刀小试
_________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.
04
Why
What
Whether
That
More
More可点击
答案：D. That
解析：句意 ：在现在的中国，女大学生找工作显得相当困难，空格处引导主语从句，从句完整，that符合句意。
牛刀小试
Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
05
whether
why
when
how
More
More可点击
答案：C
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：准确的说，土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。
真题派送
Therefore, it is advisable ___________you should value and treat them with care.
01
what
how
that
which
More
More可点击
答案： C that
解析：句意 ：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。“____________you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。
真题派送
It was no more important ______ he won the first place or not.
02
as
which
that
whether
More
More可点击
答案： D whether
解析：句意 ：他是否能获得第一名，不再重要。
。“____________ he won the first place or not”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，表示“是否”，it为形式主语，故用whether引导。
真题派送
It’s no secret ______China has always been a source（来源）of inspiration for designers.
答案： that
解析：句意 ：这不是什么秘密，中国一直是设计师们的灵感来源。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“____China has always been a source of inspiration for designers” 为真正的主语， 该从句结构完整，故由that引导。
More
01
More可点击
that
真题派送
It was a great comfort ______ the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found.
答案： that
解析：句意 ：窗户上原来的洞无处可寻，这是一种极大的安慰。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“____the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found” 为真正的主语， 该从句结构完整，故由that引导。
More
02
More可点击
that
真题派送
It turns out _______ just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure and put people into a better mood（情绪）.
答案： that
解析：事实证明，仅仅看绿色，正在生长的东西就可以减轻压力，降低血压，让人们进入更好的情绪。it是形式主语，该从句为主语从句。主语从句中不缺任何成分，故用that.
More
01
More可点击
that
真题派送
It seemed _______ the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease.
答案： that
解析：对于小孩子来说，跑道似乎非常长，更不用说一个患有脑部疾病的孩子了。根据It seemed that...”看起来...”句型，句意完整，不缺成分，可知这里需要一个that来引导主语从句。
More
02
More可点击
that
真题派送
It seems _______ TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
答案： that
解析：看起来，电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。根据It seems that...“看起来...，似乎…”句型，可知这里需要一个that引导地主语从句。
More
03
More可点击
that
真题派送
It has been proved ___________ people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community.
01
that
how
whether
where
More
More可点击
答案：A that。句意：事实证明，人们对当下有偏见。只关注眼前利益，却牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、福祉和财务稳定。
用It is + proved + that +主从的句型的变体。
模拟练习
It is recently reported________ the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
02
as
what
that
which
More
More可点击
答案： C that
句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变或改善他们的烹饪习惯。
解析：It is reported that... 固定句型。It做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
单项选择
______I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
01
What
How
That
Why
More
More可点击
答案：A
解析：句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母的深爱和敬重。考查what引导的主语从句，因为主语从句中缺宾语且表示物，所以填What。
单项选择
Some people believe ______ has happened before now will repeat itself in the future.
02
what
whatever
why
how
More
More可点击
答案：B
解析：句意：一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情都会在将来重复出现。通过分析可知“has happened before or is happening now”作believe后的并与从句的主语，根据句意和成分分析，本空应填whatever(任何...的事情)来引导主语从句。
填空题
_________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
More
03
More可点击
When/
Whether
答案：When/Whether
句意：延迟的航班什么时间起飞主要取决于天气状况。/延迟的航班是否起飞主要取决于天气状况。
解析：通过分析句子结构可知，本句是含主语从句的复合句。根据句意可填When或者Whether。
填空题
I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
答案：what
解析：句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。根据分析可知在主语从句 impresses me about his painting中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物"，所以填what。
More
04
More可点击
what
单句改错
As students，which we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study hard.
It’s a great pity what we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
That is known to us that respect for one’s parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.
01
02
03
what
that
It
which → what 解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后至is前的部分为主语从句，引导词在从句中作repay的宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导。故将which改为what。
what → that 解析： It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
That → It 解析：It is known to us that...为固定句式，表示“我们都知道，众所周知”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，故将That改为It。
More
More可点击
真题派送
____________you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
More
01
More可点击
What
答案： What
解析：句意 ：你需要的是一个能允许你犯错的好老师。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物，所以用What。
真题派送
Johnson wrote, “________ is new is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
More
02
More可点击
what
答案：What
句意：约翰逊写道：“新的情况是，现在量子计算研究人员有可能获得数百万美元。”
解析：What 引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，表示“事情，事件”。
真题派送
It is calculated ________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
More
03
More可点击
that
答案：that
句意：据计算，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在维护上花费约200亿欧元，包括通常在夜间，派遣维修人员，来检查和维修铁路基础设施。
解析：it做形式主语，引导it is+Ved.+that的主语从句，that后是真正的主语。
备用句式
翻译下列的句子,找出主语从句和引导词。
我知道您对中国传统菜系非常感兴趣，所以我竭诚邀请您参加计划在我市举行的中国传统美食节。
我最推荐的是川菜，八大菜系中的一个重要分支。
众所周知，川菜有其独特的风味。
我想知道，您是否方便来做客。
Having known that you have great interest in traditional Chinese cuisines, I’m sincere to invite you to participate in the traditional Chinese Food Festival, which is scheduled to be held in our city.
What I recommend most is Sichuan cuisine, an important branch in the eight regional cuisines.
It is well known that Sichuan cuisine is characterized by its unique flavor.
I am wondering whether it is convenient for you to be our guest.
备用句式
that
What
03
宾语从句
一、定义
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常位于及物动词或介词后。
We all expect that they will win.
We are talking about whether we should keep the money.
I remember that he gave me a book yesterday.
He says that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
牛刀小试
以下哪句话含有宾语从句？
Money is not what lives longer than any creature on the earth.
Until we can manage what is changeable but stable too, we can manage nothing else.
What you are living with and cannot live without equals life.
can manage
牛刀小试
以下哪句话含有宾语从句？
And let’s have paid family leave, earned sick days.
Let’s make sure we have affordable childcare and debt-free college.
How are we going to do it
We’re going to do it by making the wealthy pay their fair share, and close the corporate loopholes.
make sure
二、连接词
1. that，whether，if
that引导宾语从句经常可以省略，但当一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时候，第一个从句that可以省略，第二个起不能省略。
He said that they must travel to get the True Scriptures.
White-dragon-horse said (that) being left is a terrible feeling and that he wanted to be taken seriously.
二、连接词
1. that，whether，if
whether, if在宾语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义，一般不能省略。
I don't know if I can defeat the monster.
I just wonder whether Chang'e will love me not.
这四种妖怪
该我出马啦
宾语从句只用whether的情况
whether
I’m thinking of whether the girl is a monster.
1. 介词后面
I’m not sure whether she is a monster or not.
3. “or not” 连用
Whether she is a monster or not, I can’t tell.
4. 从句置于句首
They asked me whether to kill the monster.
2. 不定式前面
牛刀小试
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.Her mood depends on __________ she is teased.
3.They haven’t decided __________ to tell the truth.
4.They often ask me __________ I hear the news or not.
if/whether
whether
whether
whether
2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.
He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
Choose whoever is the fittest.
3. 连接副词when, where, how, why。
He asked where the seven fairies were going.
语法填空
Plenty of students urge to know _______ we deal with the problem.
01
how
许多学生迫切想知道我们是如何处理这个问题的。
we deal with the problem为宾语从句,该从句中缺少方式状语,故答案为how。
More
语法填空
He decided to build _______ he would later call an eco-machine.
02
what
他决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西。
he would later call an eco-machine. 为宾语从句,该从句中缺少宾语且表示 “事物”, 故答案为what。
More
语法填空
She is more confused about __________ her act is considered a big deal.
03
why
why, 宾语从句缺少原因状语
她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事
More
三、形式宾语
1. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it做形式宾语指代
I hate it when people’s kindness is regarded as naive and stupid.
it
三、形式宾语
2. 当think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等接宾语从句时，常用it做形式宾语
I find it really sad that people prefer to be indifferent rather than to be kind nowadays.
it
三、形式宾语
3. 一般情况下，介词后不能直接加that引导的宾语从句，常用it做形式宾语补全句子
I insist on it that kindness should always be regarded as a good virtue generation by generation.
it
翻译填空
1. 我发现我们要在两天后完成任务很困难。
I find it difficult _____________________________________________ in two days.
that we should fulfill the task
翻译填空
2. 我们在考虑一件事，就是我们将借你一些钱。
We are thinking of ____________________________________
_______________.
it that we will lend you some
money
翻译填空
3. 记住你得在10点回家。
Keep it in mind ____________________________________
____________________.
that you have to be home
at 10 o'clock
翻译填空
4. 我不喜欢人们嘴里有饭还在说话。
I hate it __________________________________________________.
when people talk with their mouth full
合并句子
These flowers are from Guangdong.
He said.
He said that these flowers were from Guangdong.
合并句子
Was the watch made in Shanghai
I don't know.
I don't know whether/if the watch was made in Shanghai.
合并句子
Light travels faster than sound.
My teacher told me.
My teacher told me that light travels faster than sound.
合并句子
Have you finished your homework yet
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang whether /if he had finished his homework yet.
合并句子
What food do your daughter like
The reporter asked Obama.
The reporter asked Obama what food his daughter liked.
四、doubt在宾语从句中用法
（1）在肯定句中，一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I still doubt whether/if the practical value of this project really exists.
（2）在否定句和疑问句中，常接that引导宾语从句。
Do you doubt that he will win
五、宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）
My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）
My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）
2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）
3.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.
六、宾语从句中的否定转移。
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they？
I don’t believe he did this, did he
真题派送—语法填空
John started to wonder _______ this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
He realized _______ he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.
3.People can see _____ things look when they try them on.
if
why
how
圈出正确答案
You’ll have to decide ( which / whose ) car we’ll use, yours or mine.
You’ll have to decide ( which / whose ) car we’ll use, the old one or the new one.
圈出正确答案
You’ll have to decide ( what / which ) we’ll use the new car for.
You’ll have to decide ( whether / what ) we’ll use the new car.
圈出正确答案
I believe ( what / which ) he said is true.
Make sure ( that / which ) the door is locked before you leave the lab.
圈出正确答案
I wonder ( whether / if ) it is true or not.
She doesn’t know ( whether / that ) she should stay at home.
句子改错
1
2
that－where 考查从句连词。该句是宾语从句，意为“靠近我住的地方”，that改为where。
that 改为 why，why 引导宾语从句，表示原因。
More
where
why
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.
句子改错
It’s uncertain that the experiment is
worth doing.
I haven’t finished the book, and I’ve read up to why the children discover the secret cave.
3
4
that改为whether。考查宾语从句引导词，whether表示“是否”。
why改为where。在题干中,to之后为宾语从句,引导词在从句中作状语,结合语境“我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”可知, 应用where作为引导词,故why改为where。
More
whether
where
句子改错
The young couple was having an argument about what turn it was to do the cooking.
Then they had to know that stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions.
5
6
what→whose 句意:这对年轻的夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了。介词about之后为宾语从句,结合语境和句式“Whose turn is it to do sth. ”可知,题干中的what使用错误,应改为whose。
that→how 句意:然后他们必须知道如何只用手势和表情讲故事而不用言语。know之后是宾语从句,结合语境可知,引导词在从句中作方式状语,故应用how作为引导词,that改为how。
More
whose
how
句子改错
Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
His promise what he would give away half of the year’s income to the disabled turned out a lie.
7
8
whether
that
引导词填空
New research shows ________ more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having ________ we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
that
what
that 句意：新研究表明超过半数的人计划利用漫长温暖的夏日完成工作。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。
what 句意：在数据时代，我们习惯于拥有立即需要的和在手边东西。What在宾语从句中充当宾语。
More
引导词填空
She wondered ________ centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
I do remember, though, ________ it was like to be a complete beginner.
if
what
if 句意：她想知道，几个世纪的潜水是否导致了身体特征的进化，使他们更容易完成任务。if在这里表示是否，故用if引导。
what 考查宾语从句。句意：不过，我确实记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。宾语从句缺少宾语，根据意义为what。
More
引导词填空
He said ___________ arts education in schools was not just an add-on.
Cattlemen will know ___________ they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
that
whether
5. that 考查宾语从句。句意：他说学校的艺术教育不仅仅是一个附加品。宾语从句不缺少成分，填that。
6. whether 考察宾语从句，句意：放牛人将知道为了营养的目的，他们是否需要将他们的牛移动到另外的区域去。宾语从句为一般疑问句，填whether。
引导词填空
Before you open the book, make sure ________ you are comfortable.
I'd then note down ________ the beggars said.
that
what
that 句意:在你翻开书本之前，确保你是舒适的。 you are comfortable,不缺成分,该从句答案为that。
what句意: 然后我就把乞丐的话记下来。该从句为宾语从句。空格处引导的宾语从句的结构缺少了宾语，故用what。
More
引导词填空
9. Some experts point out ______writing lessons can have indirect benefits.
10. One day they’ll wake up and discover ______ everything they’ve always known about windows is a fact.
that
that
that句意 :一些专家指出写作课有间接的好处。 本题考查宾语从句。空格后面不缺少成分，故用that引导。
that 句意:总有一天，他们会醒来，发现他们所知道的关于窗户的一切都是事实。空格后面不缺少成分，故用that引导。。
More
翻译练习
1. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.
翻译练习
Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to
use technology - have convinced him that the best way to
check cattle is with a man on a horse.
数年的经验
失败做
检查牛
使他相信
翻译练习
1. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.
多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一个人骑在马上。
翻译练习
2. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
翻译练习
Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the
Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best
photography of the British landscape.
高标准
完美的平台
英国的风景
翻译练习
2. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
每年，高水准的参赛作品都表明，该奖项是展示英国风景摄影的完美平台。
翻译练习
3. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
翻译练习
Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where
you are in the world.
知道一些小技巧
确保
令人愉悦的
不管在哪里
翻译练习
3. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
知道一些技巧将有助于确保你与朋友或家人享受愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。
04
表语从句
一、定义
表语从句是在主从复合句中作表语的名词性从句，通常位于连系动词之后。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
小试牛刀 - 请找出所有的表语从句
1.The reality is that they have run out of money.
2.The trouble was that Flash was too poky.
3.Tony’s suggestion is that Don should have a bite of the Kentucky Fried Chicken.
4.The reason is that she is a terrible cook.
难吃到翻白眼……
二、连接词
1. that, whether
that在表语从句中不充当任何语法成分，只起连接作用且无词义，但不能省略。whether在表语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义，也不能省略。
God’s plan is that we take what we are given and don’t complain.
The problem is whether the new policy can be put into practice.
Note:whether引导表语从句，表示是否，但if不能引导表语从句。
小试牛刀 - 句子填空
1.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_________ one can be entirely free from dust.
2. The idea is ________a driver with a valid driver’s license in his own country can drive freely in another country without going through another driving test.
3. The trouble is ________ she has lost her money.
that
that
that
小试牛刀 - 单项选择
1. What the doctors really doubt is ______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
2. The question is _____we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
3. What I want to know is _____I missed the bus.
A. that B. if C. whether D. /
C
D
C
2. who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
The problem is who can we get to replace her.
The question is whose shirt this is.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
The question is which color he will choose.
3. when, where, how, why。
That's where I can't agree with you.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
This is how we overcome the difficulties.
That was why Wendy was late for the meeting.
小试牛刀 - 单项选择
1.That is _______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. why
2.One of the glorious moment in my school life was _____ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award.
A. why B. how C. that D. when
3.The question is _______ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A. which B. where C. what D. how
B
C
D
B
真题链接 - 句子填空
“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”
This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
2. 一What a mess! You are always so lazy!
一 I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
3. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you
while you are busy making other plans.
4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________ I was born.'
what
what
what
where
探索发现
Translate the three sentences into Chinese：
And that is why you missed the funeral.
所以，你才没有参加葬礼。
2. That is truly remarkable. That is because massive stars burn brighter and have a spectacular death, compared to other stars.
这真的令人叹为观止。 那是因为比起其他星星，巨大的恒星燃烧得更加耀眼，死亡得也更加辉煌。
3. And part of the reason is that they're really beautiful. There's an aesthetic component to it.
原因之一是它们非常美丽，有一种美感。
because, why, that 引导的表语从句：
表示原因的表语从句有:
That is why+结果
That is because+原因
The reason is that+原因
这就是为什么发生某事的原因
这就是因为…
理由是…
三、常见句型
1. The reason (why+原因) is/was that +结果
......的原因是......
The reason why he was dismissed was that he was irresponsible.
2.It looks/seems...+as if/as though/like...
It looks/seems as if/as though/like it is going to snow.
3.It/This/That is/was/may be because...
He fell asleep in class. That may be because he didn’t sleep well last night.
小试牛刀
1.The weather was so terrible and that was because we decided to put the sports meet off.
2.The sports meet was put off and that is why we haven’t got well prepared.
3.The reason why we have decided to put the sports meet off is because we haven’t got well prepared.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences：
why
because
that
四、表语从句中主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
The question is why he cried yesterday.
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow
His problem is that he is having a tough relationship with his family.
真题链接 - 单项选择
The reason why he failed is _______ he was too careless.
because B. that C. for D. because of
2. The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted.
A. who can we get B. what we can get
C. who we can get D. that we can get
3. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
that B. if C. whether D./
4. She has become _______ she wants to be.
A. that B. like C. as D. what
B
B
C
D
真题链接 - 单项选择
5. —I fall sick!
—I think it is ______ you are doing too much.
why B. when C. what D. because
6. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A. why B .what C. when D. where
7. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
8. See the flags on top of the building That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
D
A
B
D
真题链接 – 语法填空
The secret of success is ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
What puzzled me was ________ we should get there.
Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that’s ________ I don’t agree.
The problem is ________ one less hour of sleep is equal to an extra hour of achievement.
how
where
whether
that
5. Next Sunday is that the game starts.
6. That hospital is how she works.
7. Monica is who he stayed in New York.
8. The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
真题链接 - 句子改错
when
where
why
he can
9. His problem is whether he doesn't sleep well at night.
10. The problem is that will tie the bell to the cat.
11. The town is no longer where it was .
12. The reason why she was late was because she watched TV till midnight yesterday.
真题链接 - 句子改错
that
who
what
that
根据提示，完成句子
Popular science books are_________________________. (是我们最需要的)
That was____________________________________________________.(我为什么推荐另一类书的原因) ( category)
That's ____________________________. (那是你要找的人)
The key is ____________________________________. (关键在于你要怎么让这个机器运转起来)
You can be _____________________________ . (成为任何你想成为的人)
what we need most
why I recommended another category of books
who you are looking for
how you make the machine work
whoever you want to be
05
同位语从句
一、定义
同位语从句是在主从复合句中作同位语的名词性从句，用于解释说明从句所修饰的名词（一般是抽象名词）的具体内容。
The idea that learning is a lifelong process is widely accepted.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
There is only a fifty-fifty chance that we will win the game.
抽象名词：advice, conclusion, chance, decision,demand, doubt, evidence, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, rumor, suggestion, thought等。
小试牛刀
Find out the apposition structure in the following sentences:
Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
Anthony kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness.
Is there any possibility that I can apply to a college
小试牛刀
Find out the apposition structure in the following sentences:
Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
Anthony kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness.
Is there any possibility that I can apply to a college
二、连接词
1. that, whether
There is no doubt that I will always stay with you.
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
真题链接 Change the following sentences into compound ones:
Mary didn't go to the concert. What a pity!
“We should have an assistant because there is too much work to do.” the manager suggested.
All the volunteers will be invited to the conference. The news is very encouraging.
What a pity that Mary didn’t go to the concert!
There was too much work to do, so the manager put forward
a suggestion that we should have an assistant.
The news that all the volunteers will be invited to the conference is very encouraging.
真题链接 Correct the following sentences:
Some people are still in doubt that man-made climate change plays a part in the typhoon.
She has not made a decision when she will go to the meeting or not.
I have this heavy feeling in me whether I might have made the wrong decision.
01
02
03
whether
whether
that
Note:在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
This is our only request that this problem be settled as soon as possible.
Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.
二、连接词
2.连接代词what,who,whom,whose, which。
I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
The question who will take his place is still not clear.
I have no idea whom they are talking about.
I don't know the question which pen is mine.
二、连接词
3、连接副词when,where,how,why。
I have no idea when he will come back.
We haven't settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
He had no idea why she left.
I don't know the question where the concert will be held.
小试牛刀Fill in the blanks
I have no idea _________ his cousin will go abroad for further study or not.
I have no idea _______ he did that.
I have no idea _______ we will spend our weekend.
01
02
03
whether
why
where
三、分隔式同位语从句。
同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开，
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
1. 同位语从句: that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分；
定语从句: that 是关系代词，起连接作用，充当宾语和主语。
2. 同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明；
定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。
3. 同位语从句: that 不能省略；
定语从句: that 在从句中作宾语时, 可以省略。
同位语从句
定语从句
真题链接 Which sentence is an appositive clause and which one is an attributive clause
The news that he told me is about the plan that Tom will go abroad next year.
The news that Tom will go abroad was told by him.
I'm still thinking about the question whether we can get support from them.
I'm still thinking about the question that he raised at the meeting yesterday.
01
02
03
04
定语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
真题链接Which sentence is an appositive clause and which one is an attributive clause
The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better
than anyone else on the sports field.
The first step in solving any problem is recognizing there is one that America is not the greatest country in the world any more, which is not like we can pretend.
05
06
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
Fill the passage:
I like reading very much. My classmates have the curiosity 1.____________________________________ (为什么我如此喜欢阅读) Actually, I began to love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacation in the university. One of my favorite hobbies was to go to the library to read every day. Sometimes I was so absorbed in the book that I had no idea 2.__________________________________________________ (其他人是什么时候离开图书馆的)
why I love reading so much.
when all the other people had left the library.
Fill the passage:
With my favorite book at hand, I ever had the doubt
3. _____________________________________________ (我是否可以一直读到天亮). My love of reading was credited with my parents’ plan 4. ___________________________
___________________(我的父母每天只让我看一小时电视) I learn to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. Undoubtedly, I hold the belief 5. _______________
_________________________(文学将成为我的职业)
whether I could keep reading till dawn.
that they only let me watch
that literature
an hour of TV a day.
will become my vocation.
五、同位语从句时态
同位语从句的时态同位语从句的时态不受主句时态影响和限制。
I know the reason why he was unhappy just now.
I have already known the reason yesterday why he came late.
I am looking for the reason why he came late.
I will know the reason why he came late.
06
习题训练
对点练
They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _______ they need an English trainer.
It's easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
Mental health involves ________ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road". ________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just
a matter of time.
interviews
why
whether
how
What
why
whether
宾从
Part 1 Fill in the blanks.
A
C
D
语法填空
找动词
找连词
定主从
找名代
主
宾从1
宾从2
缺连词
that
找动词
找名代
主
缺连词
whether
1. The scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and
most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
2. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide its plans for a
future lunar base are practical.
Part 1 Fill in the blanks.
找动词
找名代
主语从句
表
缺连词
What
作主语
找动词
非谓语
找名代
主
宾语从句
缺连词
作主语
what
找动词
找名代
主
主
抽象名词
同位语从句
缺连词
that
不作成份
语法填空
表
3. is so breathtaking about the experience is out-of-this-world scenes.
4. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could
be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
5. While they are rare of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
谓
主
下一步是努力并且弄清楚。
状
根据研究者
是否凤头鹦鹉完全依赖视觉线索，或者也使用一种触觉
来进行形状挑选。
宾从
状
1. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selection.
宾从
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
谓
谓
主
主
宾
他向我们展示。
即使是一种渴望也能创造出非凡的生活。
定
从未被放弃的
2. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
系
谓
主
有一种愉悦的熟悉感但有时也有一丝疑虑。
人与书还有彼此的关系已随时间而改变
同从
3. There’s a welcome familarity-but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
系
谓
主
并且那就是。
表从
重读的行为如此多姿多彩并有改变意义的原因了。
4. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
同从
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
谓
谓
主
这个人应该是富有同情心的。
补
对于这个事实
在新环境中的
状
你的朋友可能会感觉到被抛弃
5. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
Thank you for
watching.
名词性从句
CONTENTS
分类和连接词
01
主语从句
02
宾语从句
03
表语从句
习题训练
04
同位语从句
05
06
01
分类和连接词
What is 名词性从句？
从句在句子中所起的作用相当于名词短语在句子中所起的作用，因此称为名词性从句。
根据在句子中充当不同成分，分为：
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
主语
主语从句
His job is very important.
小结：做主语的是一个句子
位置：谓语动词之前
What he does is very important.
Let’s learn
特殊：it作形式主语的主语从句
宾语
宾语从句
I don't like his job.
小结：做宾语的是一个句子
位置：动词后，介词后，形容词后
I don't like what he does.
Let’s learn
表语
表语从句
This is his job.
小结：做表语的是一个句子
位置：系动词之后
This is what he does.
Let’s learn
同位语
同位语从句
I don't know Peter, the man in red.
小结：做同位语的是一个句子
位置：抽象名词之后，起解释说明作用
I don't know the fact that he is the boss.
Let’s learn
常见抽象名词：
hope/wish/fact/answer/problem/news/belief/idea/promise/suggestion/order/conclusion/information/thought/evidence
Let’s analyze:
What types of the clauses are these sentences
1. Do you know who the Chinese Doctor is
2. Bravely telling the truth is what a hero should have.
3. The fact that Li Wenliang is the hero of China is known to us.
4. It is certain that Li Wenliang is the hero of China.
Object Clause:
动词+含连接词的句子
Predicative Clause：
系动词+含连接词的句子
Appositive Clause：
抽象名词+含连接词的句子
Subject Clause：
含连接词的句子+谓语动词+宾语
1.连接词that，whether，if
They promised (that) they would respect our privacy.
I asked him whether/if he had done this thing by himself.
连接词 词义 在从句成分 引导从句类型 连接词位置
that 无 不充当 所有 句首/句中
if 是否 不充当 所有 句首/句中
whether 是否 不充当 主从、宾从 不可位于句首和介词后
whether和if区别：
（1）whether可以引导所有名词性从句，而if主要引导动词后的宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，此时if和whether可以互换。
Whether he is rich or not makes no difference.
The question is whether it is worth trying.
I don’t know whether/if he will attend the concert.
It is doubtful whether/if he is innocent.
（2）whether后可以直接跟or not，此时不能用if替代whether。
I don’t know whether or not she will come.
2.连接代词
Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
You can use whatever I have.
连接代词 词义 在从句成分 能否省略
what（ever） （无论）什么 主、宾、表、定 不能省
who（ever） （无论）谁 主 不能省
whom（ever） （无论）谁 宾 不能省
which（ever） （无论）哪个 主、宾、表、定 不能省
whose 谁的 定 不能省
3.连接副词
That’s where he used to live.
We didn’t know why she didn’t come.
连接副词 词义 在从句成分 能否省略
how(ever) (无论)如何 方式状语 不能省
when(ever) (无论)何时 时间状语 不能省
where(ver) (无论)何地 地点状语 不能省
why 为什么 原因状语 不能省
4.当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
They have no idea at all where he has gone.
Do you remember how he came
02
主语从句
一、定义
主语从句是在主从复合句中做主语的名词性从句，一般放在句首。
That we all should attend the meeting is important.
Why he did that is beyond my understanding.
Whom they invited to the party remains a secret.
What you need is a good rest.
二、连接词
1.that，whether
that在主语从句中不充当任何语法成分，只起连接作用且无词义，一般不能省略。
whether在主语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义。
That the earth is round is true.
Whether it is true or not is still a question.
2.who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。
Who will come to teach the students is not known.
Whom the watch belongs to is unknown.
Whose watch was lost is unknown.
Whatever he said wasn't true.
3. where，when，how，why。
Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.
When we start the work is an important question.
三、it作形式主语
1.It+be动词+过去分词/形容词/名词（短语）+主语从句
It is a pity that you did not finish the job on time.
It is decided that the action is canceled.
It is likely that the sport meets will be postponed until next week.
2. It+不及物动词+主语从句
It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.
It suddenly occurred to me that we took the wrong bus.
三、it作形式主语
3.It+及物动词+宾语+主语从句
It will not make any difference who raised the question.
It appears that the drought in Kansas has become less serious.
4. It+be动词+介词短语+主语从句
It is of great importance whether we can improve our research.
5.常见句型：
It is reported that 据报道
It is believed that 人们相信
It is said that 据说
It is estimated that 据估计
It is clear that 显然
It is likely that 很可能
It is obvious that 显而易见
It is no wonder that 难怪
5.常见句型：
It is an honor that 很荣幸
It is a pity that 遗憾的是
It is common knowledge/sense that=It is universally acknowledge that=It is well-known that 众所周知
It seems/appears that 似乎/看来
It happens that 碰巧
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that 某人突然想起
It is certain that ……是一定的
Let’s practice
改写下列句子，使之结构平衡？
找主语
主
主语太长，使用it做形式主语
It is certain that she will do well in her exam .
找主语
主
主语太长，使用it做形式主语
It is a pity that he made such a mistake.
找主语
主
It was reported that A Dream of Splendor became a hit in China .
1. That she will do well in her exam is certain.
2. That he made such a mistake is a pity.
3. That A Dream of Splendor became a hit in China was reported.
注意事项：
whether/if含有“是否”的意思，可以加上“or not”，其语义不变。
但如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether，不用if。
If the meeting will be put off hasn't been decided yet. （X）Whether the meeting will be put off hasn't been decided yet. (√)
It is still a mystery whether/if the castle was in ruins.
1. 主语从句的谓语一般用单数形式；
When the meeting will be held haven't been known yet.（X）When the meeting will be held hasn't been known yet. (√)
When he will come is a puzzle. (√)
2. What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式；What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
3. What引导的主语从句一般不可以改为含形式主语的句子，that则可以；
What you said yesterday is right.It is right what you said yesterday.（X）
That she is still alive is certain.It is certain that she is still alive. (√)
真题派送
_______ I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
01
Whose
That
What
Which
答案：C What
句意 ：我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
解析：该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语且表“something”，故用What。
More
More可点击
真题派送
_____ we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
02
That
When
What
Which
More
More可点击
答案：C What
句意 ：我们发现，仅仅从外观来判断你吃的东西，这是不明智的。
解析：该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少宾语且表“事物”，故用What。
翻译练习
What makes Sichuan cuisine popular is its unique flavor.
1
让
四川
菜
受
欢迎
的
特质
是
它
自身
的
独特
风味
。
Which degree of spiciness you choose depends on your own.
2
你
选择
哪
一
种
程度
的
辣
取决于
你
自己
。
翻译练习
Who you eat hotpot with influences
your choice of ordering non spicy, little spicy or very spicy food.
3
你
跟
谁
一
起
吃
火
锅
影
响
着
你
点
不
辣
，
微
辣
或
是
特
辣
的
食
物
的
选
择
。
翻译练习
Whatever food you choose should consider others’ food allergy.
1
Whichever food you order has its own cooking time.
2
无
论
你
选
择
什
么
事
物
都
应
该
考
虑
他
人
食
物
过
敏
的
情
况。
无
论
你
点
哪
一
种
食
物
都
有
它
对
应
的
烹
煮
时
间
。
翻译练习
Whoever love hot pot can have better socialization with friends.
3
无
论
是
谁
喜
欢
火
锅
都
可
以
与
朋
友
有
更
好
的
社
交
。
牛刀小试
Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
01
whatever
whoever
whomever
whichever
More
More可点击
答案：B
解析：句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除AD。 因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。
牛刀小试
Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
02
However
Whoever
Whatever
Wherever
More
More可点击
答案：C
解析：句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything that )。
牛刀小试
_______ one of you break the window will have to pay for it.
03
However
Whoever
Whichever
Wherever
More
More可点击
答案：C
解析：句意：你们中无论哪一个打破了窗户都要负责赔偿。本题考查主语从句。为主语从句，该从句缺少主语，此处指从you这一范围中做出，故填whichever表示无论哪一个。
真题派送
But in this experiment _______ they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
答案： what
解析：句意 ：但是在这个实验中，他们正在做的事是更加关注大的那个数字而不是小的那个数字。该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语且表“事情"，故用what。
More
01
More可点击
what
牛刀小试
_____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
More
02
More可点击
答案：How
解析：句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此填how。
How
牛刀小试
_______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
03
Whose
That
What
Which
答案：C
解析：句意 ：让这本书如此杰出的是作者富有创意的想象。该从句为主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语且表“物"，故用What
More
More可点击
牛刀小试
_________ prices of the internet-famous food will go up is certain.
04
Whose
That
What
Which
答案：B
解析：从句完整，用that引导主语从句。
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More可点击
牛刀小试
_____ he will go there or not has been decided.
01
Whether
When
Which
Where
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More可点击
答案：A. Whether
解析：他是否去那里已经决定了，主语从句中的or not 已经决定了这里是做选择，whether符合句意。
牛刀小试
_____ it will rain or not has not been heard.
02
Whether
When
Which
Where
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More可点击
答案：A. Whether
解析：还没有听说是否要下雨。空格处引导主语从句，与or not 连接有是否的含义，whether符合句意。
牛刀小试
__________ you don’t like the restaurant has nothing to do with me.
03
That
Whichever
Whether
Who
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答案：A That
解析：句意 ：你不喜欢这家餐厅和我没有关系。空格处引导主语从句，从句完整，that符合句意。
牛刀小试
_________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.
04
Why
What
Whether
That
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答案：D. That
解析：句意 ：在现在的中国，女大学生找工作显得相当困难，空格处引导主语从句，从句完整，that符合句意。
牛刀小试
Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
05
whether
why
when
how
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答案：C
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：准确的说，土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。
真题派送
Therefore, it is advisable ___________you should value and treat them with care.
01
what
how
that
which
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More可点击
答案： C that
解析：句意 ：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。“____________you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。
真题派送
It was no more important ______ he won the first place or not.
02
as
which
that
whether
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答案： D whether
解析：句意 ：他是否能获得第一名，不再重要。
。“____________ he won the first place or not”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，表示“是否”，it为形式主语，故用whether引导。
真题派送
It’s no secret ______China has always been a source（来源）of inspiration for designers.
答案： that
解析：句意 ：这不是什么秘密，中国一直是设计师们的灵感来源。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“____China has always been a source of inspiration for designers” 为真正的主语， 该从句结构完整，故由that引导。
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01
More可点击
that
真题派送
It was a great comfort ______ the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found.
答案： that
解析：句意 ：窗户上原来的洞无处可寻，这是一种极大的安慰。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“____the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found” 为真正的主语， 该从句结构完整，故由that引导。
More
02
More可点击
that
真题派送
It turns out _______ just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure and put people into a better mood（情绪）.
答案： that
解析：事实证明，仅仅看绿色，正在生长的东西就可以减轻压力，降低血压，让人们进入更好的情绪。it是形式主语，该从句为主语从句。主语从句中不缺任何成分，故用that.
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01
More可点击
that
真题派送
It seemed _______ the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease.
答案： that
解析：对于小孩子来说，跑道似乎非常长，更不用说一个患有脑部疾病的孩子了。根据It seemed that...”看起来...”句型，句意完整，不缺成分，可知这里需要一个that来引导主语从句。
More
02
More可点击
that
真题派送
It seems _______ TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
答案： that
解析：看起来，电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。根据It seems that...“看起来...，似乎…”句型，可知这里需要一个that引导地主语从句。
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03
More可点击
that
真题派送
It has been proved ___________ people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community.
01
that
how
whether
where
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More可点击
答案：A that。句意：事实证明，人们对当下有偏见。只关注眼前利益，却牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、福祉和财务稳定。
用It is + proved + that +主从的句型的变体。
模拟练习
It is recently reported________ the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
02
as
what
that
which
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答案： C that
句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变或改善他们的烹饪习惯。
解析：It is reported that... 固定句型。It做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
单项选择
______I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
01
What
How
That
Why
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答案：A
解析：句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母的深爱和敬重。考查what引导的主语从句，因为主语从句中缺宾语且表示物，所以填What。
单项选择
Some people believe ______ has happened before now will repeat itself in the future.
02
what
whatever
why
how
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答案：B
解析：句意：一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情都会在将来重复出现。通过分析可知“has happened before or is happening now”作believe后的并与从句的主语，根据句意和成分分析，本空应填whatever(任何...的事情)来引导主语从句。
填空题
_________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
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03
More可点击
When/
Whether
答案：When/Whether
句意：延迟的航班什么时间起飞主要取决于天气状况。/延迟的航班是否起飞主要取决于天气状况。
解析：通过分析句子结构可知，本句是含主语从句的复合句。根据句意可填When或者Whether。
填空题
I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
答案：what
解析：句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。根据分析可知在主语从句 impresses me about his painting中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物"，所以填what。
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04
More可点击
what
单句改错
As students，which we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study hard.
It’s a great pity what we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
That is known to us that respect for one’s parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.
01
02
03
what
that
It
which → what 解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后至is前的部分为主语从句，引导词在从句中作repay的宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导。故将which改为what。
what → that 解析： It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
That → It 解析：It is known to us that...为固定句式，表示“我们都知道，众所周知”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，故将That改为It。
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真题派送
____________you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
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01
More可点击
What
答案： What
解析：句意 ：你需要的是一个能允许你犯错的好老师。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物，所以用What。
真题派送
Johnson wrote, “________ is new is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
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02
More可点击
what
答案：What
句意：约翰逊写道：“新的情况是，现在量子计算研究人员有可能获得数百万美元。”
解析：What 引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，表示“事情，事件”。
真题派送
It is calculated ________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
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03
More可点击
that
答案：that
句意：据计算，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在维护上花费约200亿欧元，包括通常在夜间，派遣维修人员，来检查和维修铁路基础设施。
解析：it做形式主语，引导it is+Ved.+that的主语从句，that后是真正的主语。
备用句式
翻译下列的句子,找出主语从句和引导词。
我知道您对中国传统菜系非常感兴趣，所以我竭诚邀请您参加计划在我市举行的中国传统美食节。
我最推荐的是川菜，八大菜系中的一个重要分支。
众所周知，川菜有其独特的风味。
我想知道，您是否方便来做客。
Having known that you have great interest in traditional Chinese cuisines, I’m sincere to invite you to participate in the traditional Chinese Food Festival, which is scheduled to be held in our city.
What I recommend most is Sichuan cuisine, an important branch in the eight regional cuisines.
It is well known that Sichuan cuisine is characterized by its unique flavor.
I am wondering whether it is convenient for you to be our guest.
备用句式
that
What
03
宾语从句
一、定义
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常位于及物动词或介词后。
We all expect that they will win.
We are talking about whether we should keep the money.
I remember that he gave me a book yesterday.
He says that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
牛刀小试
以下哪句话含有宾语从句？
Money is not what lives longer than any creature on the earth.
Until we can manage what is changeable but stable too, we can manage nothing else.
What you are living with and cannot live without equals life.
can manage
牛刀小试
以下哪句话含有宾语从句？
And let’s have paid family leave, earned sick days.
Let’s make sure we have affordable childcare and debt-free college.
How are we going to do it
We’re going to do it by making the wealthy pay their fair share, and close the corporate loopholes.
make sure
二、连接词
1. that，whether，if
that引导宾语从句经常可以省略，但当一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时候，第一个从句that可以省略，第二个起不能省略。
He said that they must travel to get the True Scriptures.
White-dragon-horse said (that) being left is a terrible feeling and that he wanted to be taken seriously.
二、连接词
1. that，whether，if
whether, if在宾语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义，一般不能省略。
I don't know if I can defeat the monster.
I just wonder whether Chang'e will love me not.
这四种妖怪
该我出马啦
宾语从句只用whether的情况
whether
I’m thinking of whether the girl is a monster.
1. 介词后面
I’m not sure whether she is a monster or not.
3. “or not” 连用
Whether she is a monster or not, I can’t tell.
4. 从句置于句首
They asked me whether to kill the monster.
2. 不定式前面
牛刀小试
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.Her mood depends on __________ she is teased.
3.They haven’t decided __________ to tell the truth.
4.They often ask me __________ I hear the news or not.
if/whether
whether
whether
whether
2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.
He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
Choose whoever is the fittest.
3. 连接副词when, where, how, why。
He asked where the seven fairies were going.
语法填空
Plenty of students urge to know _______ we deal with the problem.
01
how
许多学生迫切想知道我们是如何处理这个问题的。
we deal with the problem为宾语从句,该从句中缺少方式状语,故答案为how。
More
语法填空
He decided to build _______ he would later call an eco-machine.
02
what
他决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西。
he would later call an eco-machine. 为宾语从句,该从句中缺少宾语且表示 “事物”, 故答案为what。
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语法填空
She is more confused about __________ her act is considered a big deal.
03
why
why, 宾语从句缺少原因状语
她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事
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三、形式宾语
1. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it做形式宾语指代
I hate it when people’s kindness is regarded as naive and stupid.
it
三、形式宾语
2. 当think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等接宾语从句时，常用it做形式宾语
I find it really sad that people prefer to be indifferent rather than to be kind nowadays.
it
三、形式宾语
3. 一般情况下，介词后不能直接加that引导的宾语从句，常用it做形式宾语补全句子
I insist on it that kindness should always be regarded as a good virtue generation by generation.
it
翻译填空
1. 我发现我们要在两天后完成任务很困难。
I find it difficult _____________________________________________ in two days.
that we should fulfill the task
翻译填空
2. 我们在考虑一件事，就是我们将借你一些钱。
We are thinking of ____________________________________
_______________.
it that we will lend you some
money
翻译填空
3. 记住你得在10点回家。
Keep it in mind ____________________________________
____________________.
that you have to be home
at 10 o'clock
翻译填空
4. 我不喜欢人们嘴里有饭还在说话。
I hate it __________________________________________________.
when people talk with their mouth full
合并句子
These flowers are from Guangdong.
He said.
He said that these flowers were from Guangdong.
合并句子
Was the watch made in Shanghai
I don't know.
I don't know whether/if the watch was made in Shanghai.
合并句子
Light travels faster than sound.
My teacher told me.
My teacher told me that light travels faster than sound.
合并句子
Have you finished your homework yet
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang whether /if he had finished his homework yet.
合并句子
What food do your daughter like
The reporter asked Obama.
The reporter asked Obama what food his daughter liked.
四、doubt在宾语从句中用法
（1）在肯定句中，一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I still doubt whether/if the practical value of this project really exists.
（2）在否定句和疑问句中，常接that引导宾语从句。
Do you doubt that he will win
五、宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）
My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）
My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）
2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）
3.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.
六、宾语从句中的否定转移。
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they？
I don’t believe he did this, did he
真题派送—语法填空
John started to wonder _______ this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
He realized _______ he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.
3.People can see _____ things look when they try them on.
if
why
how
圈出正确答案
You’ll have to decide ( which / whose ) car we’ll use, yours or mine.
You’ll have to decide ( which / whose ) car we’ll use, the old one or the new one.
圈出正确答案
You’ll have to decide ( what / which ) we’ll use the new car for.
You’ll have to decide ( whether / what ) we’ll use the new car.
圈出正确答案
I believe ( what / which ) he said is true.
Make sure ( that / which ) the door is locked before you leave the lab.
圈出正确答案
I wonder ( whether / if ) it is true or not.
She doesn’t know ( whether / that ) she should stay at home.
句子改错
1
2
that－where 考查从句连词。该句是宾语从句，意为“靠近我住的地方”，that改为where。
that 改为 why，why 引导宾语从句，表示原因。
More
where
why
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.
句子改错
It’s uncertain that the experiment is
worth doing.
I haven’t finished the book, and I’ve read up to why the children discover the secret cave.
3
4
that改为whether。考查宾语从句引导词，whether表示“是否”。
why改为where。在题干中,to之后为宾语从句,引导词在从句中作状语,结合语境“我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”可知, 应用where作为引导词,故why改为where。
More
whether
where
句子改错
The young couple was having an argument about what turn it was to do the cooking.
Then they had to know that stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions.
5
6
what→whose 句意:这对年轻的夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了。介词about之后为宾语从句,结合语境和句式“Whose turn is it to do sth. ”可知,题干中的what使用错误,应改为whose。
that→how 句意:然后他们必须知道如何只用手势和表情讲故事而不用言语。know之后是宾语从句,结合语境可知,引导词在从句中作方式状语,故应用how作为引导词,that改为how。
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whose
how
句子改错
Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
His promise what he would give away half of the year’s income to the disabled turned out a lie.
7
8
whether
that
引导词填空
New research shows ________ more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having ________ we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
that
what
that 句意：新研究表明超过半数的人计划利用漫长温暖的夏日完成工作。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。
what 句意：在数据时代，我们习惯于拥有立即需要的和在手边东西。What在宾语从句中充当宾语。
More
引导词填空
She wondered ________ centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
I do remember, though, ________ it was like to be a complete beginner.
if
what
if 句意：她想知道，几个世纪的潜水是否导致了身体特征的进化，使他们更容易完成任务。if在这里表示是否，故用if引导。
what 考查宾语从句。句意：不过，我确实记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。宾语从句缺少宾语，根据意义为what。
More
引导词填空
He said ___________ arts education in schools was not just an add-on.
Cattlemen will know ___________ they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
that
whether
5. that 考查宾语从句。句意：他说学校的艺术教育不仅仅是一个附加品。宾语从句不缺少成分，填that。
6. whether 考察宾语从句，句意：放牛人将知道为了营养的目的，他们是否需要将他们的牛移动到另外的区域去。宾语从句为一般疑问句，填whether。
引导词填空
Before you open the book, make sure ________ you are comfortable.
I'd then note down ________ the beggars said.
that
what
that 句意:在你翻开书本之前，确保你是舒适的。 you are comfortable,不缺成分,该从句答案为that。
what句意: 然后我就把乞丐的话记下来。该从句为宾语从句。空格处引导的宾语从句的结构缺少了宾语，故用what。
More
引导词填空
9. Some experts point out ______writing lessons can have indirect benefits.
10. One day they’ll wake up and discover ______ everything they’ve always known about windows is a fact.
that
that
that句意 :一些专家指出写作课有间接的好处。 本题考查宾语从句。空格后面不缺少成分，故用that引导。
that 句意:总有一天，他们会醒来，发现他们所知道的关于窗户的一切都是事实。空格后面不缺少成分，故用that引导。。
More
翻译练习
1. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.
翻译练习
Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to
use technology - have convinced him that the best way to
check cattle is with a man on a horse.
数年的经验
失败做
检查牛
使他相信
翻译练习
1. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.
多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一个人骑在马上。
翻译练习
2. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
翻译练习
Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the
Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best
photography of the British landscape.
高标准
完美的平台
英国的风景
翻译练习
2. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
每年，高水准的参赛作品都表明，该奖项是展示英国风景摄影的完美平台。
翻译练习
3. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
翻译练习
Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where
you are in the world.
知道一些小技巧
确保
令人愉悦的
不管在哪里
翻译练习
3. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
知道一些技巧将有助于确保你与朋友或家人享受愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。
04
表语从句
一、定义
表语从句是在主从复合句中作表语的名词性从句，通常位于连系动词之后。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
小试牛刀 - 请找出所有的表语从句
1.The reality is that they have run out of money.
2.The trouble was that Flash was too poky.
3.Tony’s suggestion is that Don should have a bite of the Kentucky Fried Chicken.
4.The reason is that she is a terrible cook.
难吃到翻白眼……
二、连接词
1. that, whether
that在表语从句中不充当任何语法成分，只起连接作用且无词义，但不能省略。whether在表语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义，也不能省略。
God’s plan is that we take what we are given and don’t complain.
The problem is whether the new policy can be put into practice.
Note:whether引导表语从句，表示是否，但if不能引导表语从句。
小试牛刀 - 句子填空
1.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_________ one can be entirely free from dust.
2. The idea is ________a driver with a valid driver’s license in his own country can drive freely in another country without going through another driving test.
3. The trouble is ________ she has lost her money.
that
that
that
小试牛刀 - 单项选择
1. What the doctors really doubt is ______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
2. The question is _____we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
3. What I want to know is _____I missed the bus.
A. that B. if C. whether D. /
C
D
C
2. who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
The problem is who can we get to replace her.
The question is whose shirt this is.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
The question is which color he will choose.
3. when, where, how, why。
That's where I can't agree with you.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
This is how we overcome the difficulties.
That was why Wendy was late for the meeting.
小试牛刀 - 单项选择
1.That is _______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. why
2.One of the glorious moment in my school life was _____ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award.
A. why B. how C. that D. when
3.The question is _______ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A. which B. where C. what D. how
B
C
D
B
真题链接 - 句子填空
“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”
This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
2. 一What a mess! You are always so lazy!
一 I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
3. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you
while you are busy making other plans.
4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________ I was born.'
what
what
what
where
探索发现
Translate the three sentences into Chinese：
And that is why you missed the funeral.
所以，你才没有参加葬礼。
2. That is truly remarkable. That is because massive stars burn brighter and have a spectacular death, compared to other stars.
这真的令人叹为观止。 那是因为比起其他星星，巨大的恒星燃烧得更加耀眼，死亡得也更加辉煌。
3. And part of the reason is that they're really beautiful. There's an aesthetic component to it.
原因之一是它们非常美丽，有一种美感。
because, why, that 引导的表语从句：
表示原因的表语从句有:
That is why+结果
That is because+原因
The reason is that+原因
这就是为什么发生某事的原因
这就是因为…
理由是…
三、常见句型
1. The reason (why+原因) is/was that +结果
......的原因是......
The reason why he was dismissed was that he was irresponsible.
2.It looks/seems...+as if/as though/like...
It looks/seems as if/as though/like it is going to snow.
3.It/This/That is/was/may be because...
He fell asleep in class. That may be because he didn’t sleep well last night.
小试牛刀
1.The weather was so terrible and that was because we decided to put the sports meet off.
2.The sports meet was put off and that is why we haven’t got well prepared.
3.The reason why we have decided to put the sports meet off is because we haven’t got well prepared.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences：
why
because
that
四、表语从句中主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
The question is why he cried yesterday.
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow
His problem is that he is having a tough relationship with his family.
真题链接 - 单项选择
The reason why he failed is _______ he was too careless.
because B. that C. for D. because of
2. The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted.
A. who can we get B. what we can get
C. who we can get D. that we can get
3. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
that B. if C. whether D./
4. She has become _______ she wants to be.
A. that B. like C. as D. what
B
B
C
D
真题链接 - 单项选择
5. —I fall sick!
—I think it is ______ you are doing too much.
why B. when C. what D. because
6. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A. why B .what C. when D. where
7. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
8. See the flags on top of the building That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
D
A
B
D
真题链接 – 语法填空
The secret of success is ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
What puzzled me was ________ we should get there.
Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that’s ________ I don’t agree.
The problem is ________ one less hour of sleep is equal to an extra hour of achievement.
how
where
whether
that
5. Next Sunday is that the game starts.
6. That hospital is how she works.
7. Monica is who he stayed in New York.
8. The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
真题链接 - 句子改错
when
where
why
he can
9. His problem is whether he doesn't sleep well at night.
10. The problem is that will tie the bell to the cat.
11. The town is no longer where it was .
12. The reason why she was late was because she watched TV till midnight yesterday.
真题链接 - 句子改错
that
who
what
that
根据提示，完成句子
Popular science books are_________________________. (是我们最需要的)
That was____________________________________________________.(我为什么推荐另一类书的原因) ( category)
That's ____________________________. (那是你要找的人)
The key is ____________________________________. (关键在于你要怎么让这个机器运转起来)
You can be _____________________________ . (成为任何你想成为的人)
what we need most
why I recommended another category of books
who you are looking for
how you make the machine work
whoever you want to be
05
同位语从句
一、定义
同位语从句是在主从复合句中作同位语的名词性从句，用于解释说明从句所修饰的名词（一般是抽象名词）的具体内容。
The idea that learning is a lifelong process is widely accepted.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
There is only a fifty-fifty chance that we will win the game.
抽象名词：advice, conclusion, chance, decision,demand, doubt, evidence, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, rumor, suggestion, thought等。
小试牛刀
Find out the apposition structure in the following sentences:
Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
Anthony kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness.
Is there any possibility that I can apply to a college
小试牛刀
Find out the apposition structure in the following sentences:
Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
Anthony kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness.
Is there any possibility that I can apply to a college
二、连接词
1. that, whether
There is no doubt that I will always stay with you.
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
真题链接 Change the following sentences into compound ones:
Mary didn't go to the concert. What a pity!
“We should have an assistant because there is too much work to do.” the manager suggested.
All the volunteers will be invited to the conference. The news is very encouraging.
What a pity that Mary didn’t go to the concert!
There was too much work to do, so the manager put forward
a suggestion that we should have an assistant.
The news that all the volunteers will be invited to the conference is very encouraging.
真题链接 Correct the following sentences:
Some people are still in doubt that man-made climate change plays a part in the typhoon.
She has not made a decision when she will go to the meeting or not.
I have this heavy feeling in me whether I might have made the wrong decision.
01
02
03
whether
whether
that
Note:在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
This is our only request that this problem be settled as soon as possible.
Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.
二、连接词
2.连接代词what,who,whom,whose, which。
I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
The question who will take his place is still not clear.
I have no idea whom they are talking about.
I don't know the question which pen is mine.
二、连接词
3、连接副词when,where,how,why。
I have no idea when he will come back.
We haven't settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
He had no idea why she left.
I don't know the question where the concert will be held.
小试牛刀Fill in the blanks
I have no idea _________ his cousin will go abroad for further study or not.
I have no idea _______ he did that.
I have no idea _______ we will spend our weekend.
01
02
03
whether
why
where
三、分隔式同位语从句。
同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开，
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
1. 同位语从句: that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分；
定语从句: that 是关系代词，起连接作用，充当宾语和主语。
2. 同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明；
定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。
3. 同位语从句: that 不能省略；
定语从句: that 在从句中作宾语时, 可以省略。
同位语从句
定语从句
真题链接 Which sentence is an appositive clause and which one is an attributive clause
The news that he told me is about the plan that Tom will go abroad next year.
The news that Tom will go abroad was told by him.
I'm still thinking about the question whether we can get support from them.
I'm still thinking about the question that he raised at the meeting yesterday.
01
02
03
04
定语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
真题链接Which sentence is an appositive clause and which one is an attributive clause
The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better
than anyone else on the sports field.
The first step in solving any problem is recognizing there is one that America is not the greatest country in the world any more, which is not like we can pretend.
05
06
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
Fill the passage:
I like reading very much. My classmates have the curiosity 1.____________________________________ (为什么我如此喜欢阅读) Actually, I began to love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacation in the university. One of my favorite hobbies was to go to the library to read every day. Sometimes I was so absorbed in the book that I had no idea 2.__________________________________________________ (其他人是什么时候离开图书馆的)
why I love reading so much.
when all the other people had left the library.
Fill the passage:
With my favorite book at hand, I ever had the doubt
3. _____________________________________________ (我是否可以一直读到天亮). My love of reading was credited with my parents’ plan 4. ___________________________
___________________(我的父母每天只让我看一小时电视) I learn to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. Undoubtedly, I hold the belief 5. _______________
_________________________(文学将成为我的职业)
whether I could keep reading till dawn.
that they only let me watch
that literature
an hour of TV a day.
will become my vocation.
五、同位语从句时态
同位语从句的时态同位语从句的时态不受主句时态影响和限制。
I know the reason why he was unhappy just now.
I have already known the reason yesterday why he came late.
I am looking for the reason why he came late.
I will know the reason why he came late.
06
习题训练
对点练
They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _______ they need an English trainer.
It's easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
Mental health involves ________ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road". ________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just
a matter of time.
interviews
why
whether
how
What
why
whether
宾从
Part 1 Fill in the blanks.
A
C
D
语法填空
找动词
找连词
定主从
找名代
主
宾从1
宾从2
缺连词
that
找动词
找名代
主
缺连词
whether
1. The scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and
most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
2. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide its plans for a
future lunar base are practical.
Part 1 Fill in the blanks.
找动词
找名代
主语从句
表
缺连词
What
作主语
找动词
非谓语
找名代
主
宾语从句
缺连词
作主语
what
找动词
找名代
主
主
抽象名词
同位语从句
缺连词
that
不作成份
语法填空
表
3. is so breathtaking about the experience is out-of-this-world scenes.
4. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could
be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
5. While they are rare of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
谓
主
下一步是努力并且弄清楚。
状
根据研究者
是否凤头鹦鹉完全依赖视觉线索，或者也使用一种触觉
来进行形状挑选。
宾从
状
1. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selection.
宾从
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
谓
谓
主
主
宾
他向我们展示。
即使是一种渴望也能创造出非凡的生活。
定
从未被放弃的
2. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
系
谓
主
有一种愉悦的熟悉感但有时也有一丝疑虑。
人与书还有彼此的关系已随时间而改变
同从
3. There’s a welcome familarity-but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
系
谓
主
并且那就是。
表从
重读的行为如此多姿多彩并有改变意义的原因了。
4. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
同从
Part 2 Translating
翻译练习
谓
谓
主
这个人应该是富有同情心的。
补
对于这个事实
在新环境中的
状
你的朋友可能会感觉到被抛弃
5. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
Thank you for
watching.