2025届高考英语专项复习 主谓一致 课件（共79页）

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主谓一致
CONTENTS
定义
01
语法一致原则
02
意义一致原则
03
就近原则
04
习题训练
05
01
定义
What is 主谓一致？
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语动词两个语法成分之间保持一致。
1.语法一致原则
指主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
Fast food is full of fat and salt.
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood was named the world's oldest living man.
2.意义一致原则
指主语形式上是单数形式，但却表达复数意义，那么谓语动词也要用复数形式。
主语形式上是复数形式，但却表达单数意义，那么谓语动词要用单数形式。
My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.
My family has moved three times.
Ten years is just a moment in history.
3.就近原则
指谓语动词的单复数和数由最靠近它的主语的人称和单复数形式来决定。
There is a man, two women and three children in the room.
There are two women ,a man and three children in the room.
Either she or her sister is not telling the truth.
02
语法一致原则
1.单数名词/单数代词与谓语动词一致
（1）单数名词/代词在句子中做主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词也应用单数形式。
The cat sleeps.
He is a young writer.
His advice has been adopted in the meeting.
Note:被 each， every，no 修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Every member in the club wears uniform.
1.单数名词/单数代词与谓语动词一致
（2）有些集体名词为不可数名词，如furniture，equipment，merchandise，baggage，machinery，clothing等，作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
Some equipment is still at the experimental stage.
（3）many a+单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a farmer goes to swimming.
1.单数名词/单数代词与谓语动词一致
（4）more than one+单数名词，意义上虽有复数概念，但作主语时候，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
More than one student knows the answer.
More students than one know the answer.
（5）one or two+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
One or two patients are waiting outside the door.
2. 复数名词/复数代词与谓语动词一致
（1）常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词以及复数代词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
常见名词：clothes, belongings, earnings, savings, sales, surroundings, odds, remains, goods, fireworks, thanks。
常见代词：they, these, those。
The clothes are not suitable for everyday wear.
They look a little funny on the stage.
2. 复数名词/复数代词与谓语动词一致
（2）表示双数意义的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
常见名词：glasses, spectacles, sunglasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves, trousers, jeans, shorts。
His glasses were broken by his son last night.
The trousers were wet due to the bad weather.
Note: one， another， the other， either， each， somebody， anybody，nobody，everyone， no one，something， anything 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
I have two pens; one is blue and the other is red.
Either of the books is suitable for beginners.
Another option is to restart the computer.
Nobody knows the answer.
Everyone has their own strengths.
Note: all，some，any，more，most， the rest 等作主语时，若指代不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式；若指代可数名词复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。
All of the water has been used. (不可数名词，单数形式)
All of the apples are ripe. (可数名词复数，复数形式)
Some of the information is incorrect. (不可数名词，单数形式)
Some of the students are absent. (可数名词复数，复数形式)
Note: both， （a）few， many， （the）others 等做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both of the windows are open.
A few of the tasks are completed.
Many of the ideas are innovative.
The others are waiting in the lobby.
3. 并列主语与谓语动词的一致
（1）由 and 或 both...and... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体，谓语动词应用单数形式。
常见的这类短语有：bread and butter（涂黄油的面包）， a watch and chain（一块带链的表）， law and order（社会秩序）， a knife and fork（一副刀叉）， a cup and saucer（一套杯碟）等。
Jane and Mary compete with each other for the contract.
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
A teacher and writer is going to give us a talk this afternoon.
3. 并列主语与谓语动词的一致
（2）由 as well as，as much as，along with，together with，with，including，followed by，in addition to，like， unlike， except，but， besides， no less than， rather than， accompanied by， instead of ， more than 等连接的并列主语在意义上更强调前面的主语。即“就远原则”。
The girl，together with her classmates， has gone to plant trees.
Nobody but Mary and Jack takes the English exam.
The teacher， with all his students， is going to have a picnic this weekend.
3. 并列主语与谓语动词的一致
（3）当 and 连接两个并列单数名词作主语，且由 each，every，no 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each book and （each） magazine has to be returned on time.
Every door and （every） window in this house has to be repaired for another sale.
No teacher and （no） student likes this textbook .
4. 其他用法
（1）不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和“疑词词 /whether+to do”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；但若主句为系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词决定。
Reading and writing are important during the primary school.
What to do is one question， and how to do it is quite another.
Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much.
Reading without comprehension is not good for improving one 's study ability.
4. 其他用法
Note:
当 and 连接两个并列的上述结构作主语时，若表示单一概念，则谓语动词应用单数形式；若表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词应用复数形式。
What Tom says and what Tom does is not a big deal.
The teacher and the student are discussing the assignment.
The hammer and chisel is a set of tools.
The man and the woman are walking their dogs.
4. 其他用法
（2） “分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词应与of后面名词或代词的数保持一致。
Eighty-five percent of the students in our school are girls.
Two thirds of the food has been sent to that area.
（3）“a number of +复数名词 / 代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词用复数形式；而“the number of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of children are playing in the park.
The number of clients of this company is rather small.
4. 其他用法
Note:
“all/half/some/the rest...（of+ 名词 / 代词）”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后面的名词或代词，或者视具体的上下文而定。
I have eaten some of the fruits.
The rest （of them） are left to you.
4. 其他用法
（4）“a quantity of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+ 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与 of 后面名词的数保持一致。“ quantities of+ 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday.
A large quantity of books were found in his room.
Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by rain.
4. 其他用法
（5）“a great（good） deal of/ a large amount of/ a bit of+ 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
但“large/increasing/small amounts of+ 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A good deal of money has been spent on this project.
A large amount of electricity was wasted last month.
Large amounts of time have been invested in the experiment.
4. 其他用法
（6）“分类词 +of+ 名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与分类词的单、复数形式保持一致。
常用的分类词有：sort， kind， form， piece， portion， series， species， section，type 等。
This kind of competition is not what we want.
All kinds of flowers blossom in spring.
4. 其他用法
（7）在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，从句一般是修饰复数名词的，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数形式。
当 one of 之前有 the，the only，the mere，the very 等修饰时，从句一般是修饰单数名词时，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded a prize at that time.
Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded a prize at that time.
03
意义一致原则
1.单数名词与谓语动词的一致
有时单数名词作主语的单数名词表示复数意义，这时谓语动词应用复数形式，以达到意义一致。
（1）有些集体名词表示同类的全部个体，作主语时，谓语动词常常用复数形式，如youth，police, people，personnel，cattle等。
The police are looking into the accident that happened yesterday.
Note: people 和 youth 分别作“人们”“年轻人”讲时，谓语动词应用复数形式，但当其分别作“民族”“少年，小伙子”讲时，为可数名词，谓语动词应与其单复数形式保持一致。
A youth is standing under the tree.
（2）有些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于主语的意义。当主语表示整体概念时，视为单数，谓语动词应用单数形式；当主语表示集体中的个体成员时，视为复数，谓语动词应该用复数形式。如 army， class，committee， company， crowd，couple，group， party， population，team， public， family， faculty， audience，staff。
The class are guessing excitedly who the new English teacher will be.
It took more than two hours before the crowd was fully dispersed.
（3）“the+adj./V-ed”表示一类人，作主语是，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。表示个别人、不可数事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
It is believed that the rich are usually exposed to more educational resources of high quality.
The injured in the accident is a friend of mine.
2. 复数名词与谓语动词的一致
（1）有一些名词虽是复数形式，但实际上用作单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
The bad news is that only 13 percent of people got the salary they deserved.
（2）表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。
Forty miles is too long a way to walk in a day.
（3）以 -ics 结尾表学科等的名词作主语时，一般要求谓语动词用单数形式。常见的这类名词有：physics（物理学）， economics（经济学）， electronics（电子学）， mathematics（数学），ethics（伦理学），politics（政 治 学），statistics（统 计 学）， gymnastics（体 操）， athletics 田径 运 动）等。但 当economics， electronics， mathematics， ethics， politics， statistics 表示学科以外的其他含义时，可作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student.
Statistics in the article are not accurate.
Note: 以 -s 结尾的表示“国家、机构、事件、作品、报刊”等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The United States is a developed country.
（4）“a/this/that pair/suit of+ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
That pair of shoes has already been sold out.
3.单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致
有些名词只有一种形式，既能表示单数含义，又能表示复数含义，这些名词作主语时，谓语动词应与其表达的具体意义保持一致。
常见的这类名词有：aircraft， deer， sh， means， sheep， species，series， headquarters（总部）等。
A sheep is running along the river.
Some sheep are running along the bank of the river.
Note: means 作“方法，手段，工具”讲时，单复数同形。
作主语时，若其前面有 each， every， either，neither 等表示单数概念的定语修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。
若其前面有 all，both， these 等表示复数概念的定语修饰，谓语动词用复数形式。
Every possible means has been tried.
All possible means have been taken to save the boy.
04
就近原则
1. “名词 / 代词 +or+ 名词 / 代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与 or 后的名词 /代词一致。
You or Mary is to be sent to solve the problem.
You or Joseph is going to meet them at the station this afternoon.
2. “ either+ 名词 / 代词 +or+ 名词 / 代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与 or 后的名词 / 代词保持一致。
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
Either you or he is going to Paris. Only one person can go there.
3.“neither+ 名词 / 代词 +nor+ 名词 / 代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与 nor后的名词 / 代词保持一致。
Neither the mother nor the children know anything about this matter.
Neither his family nor he likes shopping online.
4.“not only+ 名词 / 代词 +but（also）+ 名词 / 代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与 but（also）后的名词 / 代词保持一致。
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are willing to do volunteer work.
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to music.
5.在 there be 句型中，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与离其最近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen， two pencils and several books on the table.
There are some students and a teacher over there.
05
习题训练
语法探究
Here ____ (be) the new term. There ____ (be) a parent meeting. Does Tom like it Aha, not his parents but he ________________ (not want) to go. Obviously, either his father or his mother________ (need) to attend the meeting. To tell the truth, not only the students but also the teacher ________ (wish) for a holiday instead of a meeting.
is
is
doesn't want
needs
wishes
小试牛刀
Nobody but Jane __________ (know) the secret.
Ever since their quarrel, there __________ (be) an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.
Not only I but also Jane and Mary __________ (be) tired of having one exam after another.
Not only I but also Jane as well as Mary __________ (be) tired of having one exam after another.
knows
are
has been
is
语法探究
Paper as well as other materials ________ (play) an important role in our study. The teacher, along with his students ________ (take) measures to save paper. However, in Tom’s class, nobody but one teacher and five students _________ (try) to make use of wastepaper properly.
plays
takes
tries
小试牛刀：语法填空
—Did you go to the show last night
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ________ (be) invited.
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ____________ (be) rising steadily since1990.
1
2
was
has been
小试牛刀：语法填空
Ten years _________ a moment in history.
It is the boys who _________ (be) responsible for the accident.
3
4
is
are
小试牛刀：语法填空
There was once a Chinese man in the US who ________________ (accuse) after he used a certain form of TCM treatment to cure his grandson’s disease.
5
was accused
小试牛刀：语法填空
The World’s Wide Web is composed of different websites, which _______________ (create) by people and organizations around the world.
6
are created
小试牛刀：语法填空
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
The teacher with the students _________ (be) discussing Reading Skills that _________ (be) newly published in America.
1
2
is
were
is
小试牛刀：语法填空
Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
All the employees except the manager __________________ (encourage) to work online at home now.
3
4
is
are encouraged
语法探究
The students each ________ (be) allowed to make mistakes. Both the teacher and the students ________ (have) chance to correct the mistakes they made. For example, my teacher’s trousers ________ (be) taken by mistake yesterday. Making mistakes and keeping trying ________ (be) normal during the learning process.
are
have
are
are
牛刀小试
Both teams _______ (be) ready to face off.
1
are
牛刀小试
My glasses ______ (seem) to have vanished.
2
seem
牛刀小试
The glass _______ (be) made from complex materials.
3
is
牛刀小试
One third of the glass ______ (be) collected by
the homeless boy.
4
is
牛刀小试
One third of the glasses ______ (be) collected by
the homeless boy.
4
are
语法探究
Each of the students ________ (have) a chance to join the basketball club. Bruce ________ (take) an interest in playing basketball and ________ (want) to be the best player. Practicing playing basketball ________ (become) part of his school life. Nothing ________ (stop) his enthusiasm for playing basketball. Many a girl ________ (want) to join the basketball club. They want to play with Bruce. To say they are ignorant of the rules ________ (be) no excuse. Everybody ________ (burst) into laughter. How to persuade the girls to follow the rules ________ (make) Bruce annoyed.
has
takes
wants
becomes
stops
wants
is
bursts
makes
牛刀小试
Many a mother ________ (try) to act out her unrealized
dreams through her daughter.
1
tries
牛刀小试
Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____________
(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
2
has caused
牛刀小试
Each of the students ____ (be) allowed to make mistakes.
3
is
牛刀小试
The students each ____ (be) allowed to
make mistakes.
4
are
语法探究
Only one third of the earth_______(be) covered by the land. That is to say, most of the surface __________ (be) covered by water. Plenty of the plants __________ (need) enough water to survive and we human beings can’t live without water. However, more than 80% of the waste water ________ (be) pumped from the factory into a nearby river. What’s worse, water crisis _______ again sounded warnings in China because of co-existence of serious situation of water waste and pollution in urban areas.
is
is
need
is
has
小试牛刀：语法填空
The traditional Chinese marriage usually ________ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as matchmaking, engagements, meeting the bride and three bows.
When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________ (have) to worry about fashion.
1
2
involves
has
语法探究
I have an evening party. Look! The singer and dancer ______ (be) to attend my party. He is my brother. Besides，that famous writer and translator ______ (be) to deliver a speech at my party. Aha, she is my mother. A number of other famous people _____ (be) to attend the party. The number of chairs _____ (be) up to 500.
is
is
are
is
More than one performance _____ (be) prepared. This type of parties _____ (be) common in the city we live. Eighteen years _____ (be) a long time in my life. I am not the one who _____ (be) afraid of difficulties on the way to success. It is I who _____ (be) responsible for my own life.
语法探究
is
is
is
is
am
小试牛刀：语法填空
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ (be) saved for other purposes.
China’s high-speed railways ________________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
1
2
were
have grown
小试牛刀：语法填空
The traditional Chinese marriage usually ________ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as matchmaking, engagements, meeting the bride and three bows.
When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________ (have) to worry about fashion.
3
4
involves
has
are
includes
小试牛刀：句子改错
The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
The majority of British people is friendly.
3
4
单项选择
When and where to build the new factory ______ yet.
01
is not decided
are not decided
has not decided
have not decided
选项可点击
A
单项选择
A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.
02
is offered
have offered
are offered
has offered
选项可点击
A
单项选择
Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women
who ______ evening dress.
03
wear
wears
has worn
have worn
选项可点击
B
单项选择
Such poets as Shakespeare _______ widely read, of whose works, however, some _______ difficult to understand.
04
are, are
is, is
are, is
is, are
选项可点击
A
单项选择
A survey of the opinions of experts _____ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _____ good for one’s health.
05
show, are
shows, is
show, is
shows, are
选项可点击
B
语法填空
Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions.
01
prepares
The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since.
02
has remained
Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
03
was given
语法填空
The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
04
means
The use of those plastics ___________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
05
has increased
句子改错
The number of new houses being built are a good index of a country's prosperity.
We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks are so small that a day is unimportant.
01
02
is
is
句子改错
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which was saved for other purposes.
Eating , unlike fighting , are a pursuit in which both sexes freely indulge.
03
04
were
is
句子改错
In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
He showed me how his medical instruments was used.
01
02
becomes
were
句子改错
A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.
My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
03
04
live
doesn’t
Thank you for
watching.