2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解细节理解题 课件（共64页）

(共64张PPT)
细节理解题
CONTENTS
直接细节题
01
间接细节题
习题练习
03
02
01
直接细节题
本部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中难度中等的一般性话题的简短文段以及信函、技术说明书、合同等简短的实用文字材料。
对所读材料能够：
①理解主旨要义
②理解文中具体信息
③根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子的含义
④做出判断和推理
主旨大意题
细节理解题
词汇猜测题
推理判断题
⑤理解文章的基本结构
⑥理解作者的意图、观点和态度
⑦快速查找相关信息
考察重点：
①本部分文章大多选自英文原版材料，包括报纸、杂志、书籍、学术期刊等，难度适中
②本部分侧重对说明文、议论文、应用文和记叙文的考查
③事实细节题和推理判断题是本部分的出题重点，主旨大意题、词语理解题和观点态度题有时候出现。
段落大意题
观点态度题
细节理解题
How to prepare
1. 精读和泛读相结合，提高阅读能力和阅读速度。
精读侧重基础和质量（积累生词、分析长难句）
泛读侧重速度和质量（以意义为中心，快速浏览文章）
2.加强英语语言知识的学习和训练
重视一词多义，将词汇放入语篇理解
3.拓宽知识面，增加背景知识
课外读外刊，了解英美文化
4.熟悉不同文章体裁
（1）应用文：日常生活中或工作中经常使用的一种文体。
信函、说明文、合同、广告、启事、海报、公告
考查提取和处理信息的能力
（2）说明文：以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理的一种文体。
科学性、条理性，通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质和规律。
结构：总分、分总、总分总。
（3）议论文：对某个问题、观点或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、意见的一种文体。
文章围绕论点展开，重点放在论点和论证两个方面。
三个要素：论点、论据、论证。
（4）记叙文：写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容的一种文体。
六个基本要素：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。
对不同体裁的文章采用不同的阅读方法：
（1）应用文要在把握文章结构的前提下，掌握文章的主旨大意及主要细节。
（2）说明文应抓住所说明事物的基本特点及作用，以及有关事物的关系、差异，并注意面积、重量、数量、温度、距离等相关数字。
（3）议论文应掌握文章的论文、论据（主要理由及事实）和最后结论，还应注意文章的论证方式（举例论证、道理论证、对比论证等）。
对不同体裁的文章采用不同的阅读方法：
（4）记叙文要特别注意人物的特征、主要情节、事件发生的时间地点及最后结局。
skimming略读：了解文章的大意和要点
在略读中不要花费过多的时间
scanning精读：理解文章具体细节
侧重：
1、首句、首段、（往往中心、论点、主题）尾段
2、语篇标志词（举例、比较、转折、因果、时间、地点、目的、条件、结论）
3、侧重长难句
历年细节理解题常见设题方式1．Whatis the total number of students who earned a C or better 2.Why didDelta give the author’s family credits 3.Who came up with the phrase according to the passage 4.Howdid the author finally get his TV set working again 5 When did the boy stop working with the old man （6. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from 事件因果人物方式地点Wh-问题时间7. Which of the following statements about the girl istrue / NOT true / false, according to the passage 8. Which isNOTmentionedas an advantage of integrative medicine Allthefollowing statements are(not) trueexceptWhichof the following would EdwardGlaeseragree with 11.How manylocked rooms can students and teaching staff use T/F问题计算问题历年细节理解题常见设题方式直接细节题：
5w+1h提问：where/who/why/when/who/which+how
方法：原文定位比对
是非题: True False
Not true/correct Not false Not true except
Not mentioned
方法：排除法
原题重现These rooms are available for classes or seminars and so on. The total number of seats is 88. Only teaching staff can apply to use the computer rooms and reserve them one day in advance.Whocan apply to use the computer rooms Teachers. B.Visiting scholars.C. Graduate students. D. Teachers and students.①直接信息题 直接从原文找答案原题重现The festival will conclude with the Book Prizes Ceremony, where the best book prizes—as judged by our panel of experts—will be presented.Howare the best book prizeschosen By a group of experts.By a vote of the authors.By the reading public.By festival sponsors.①直接信息题同义词转换judge—chooseour panel of experts—a group of experts三、原题重现All festival events are free but, due to limited seating at our event locations, you well need a ticket to enter. The free tickets can only be applied for here at our website. This year we are also organizing free buses to the most popular events.Whatis true about tickets to the festival They can only be applied for online.They can be purchased at the event location.③是非题，三误一正，语言简化或用近义词、反义词直接细节题：
原因结果类
The author argues that ... because _______.
Why...
标志词：because (of), why, because,thanks to, contribute to, lead to, cause, result in, account for, so that, so...
Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long,” Kerrigan said. “They are better for your feet than stiletto heels(细高跟), but just as had for your knees.”...
We know that women choose wide heels because_____.
A.they want to walk comfortably
B.wide heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heels
C.wide heels do less harm to knees
D.wide heels are not painful at all
A
直接细节题：
数字计算
提问：when, in which year, how much/many
注意一些特殊词汇：
decade十年 fortnight 两周 double 两倍
triple 三倍 couple 两个 score 二十
dozen 十二 off 减价 discount 折扣
三、原题重现Students and teaching staff can use these rooms for group study. Students are advised to use unlocked rooms (3 rooms for 2 people, 2 rooms for 4 people) available for free. When you use locked rooms (2 rooms for 4 people, 1 room for 10 people), you need to go through reservation procedures at the circulation desk.Howmanylocked rooms can students and teaching staff use One. B. Three. C. Four. D. Ten.②计算题2+1=302
间接细节题
间接细节题：
同义替换：近义词复现
（crucial=important=significant=essential）
正话反说
（not easy=difficult）
同源词替换
（education，educate，educator）
简化复杂表达
（I am fond of sports=I like sports）
The robot Buddy can protect the home and call a person’s phone if there is a fire. Many of the robots have cameras so you know that someone is sliding into your home. Due to its convenience and safety, Buddy will be used in many houses in the future.
What do we know about “Buddy”
A. Buddy go into different families.
B. Buddy is equipped with special eyes to protect itself.
C. Buddy can safeguard the home and sound the fire alarm.
D. Buddy has an advantage over smart products.
A
干扰项的特点与概况：（事实细节题的考点）1.是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节。2.将一些看起来似一样的概念进行偷换，实际上改变了概念的修饰语、适用范围、所指对象等具体内涵。3.干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思可能与原文恰恰相反或与文中事实不符。4.明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实不符。5.是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容。扩大（缩小）范围偷换概念信息不符无中生有文不对题四、原题重现——如何排除错误项There’s also a concern that computer-written articles are not actually journalism at all, because what a human news team produces is actually quite complex. A well-written news story puts information in context, offers a voice to each side of an argument and brings the public new knowledge.15. In Paragraph 4, which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic ofawell-written news article The information presented is up-to-date.Different views on the topic are presented.偷换概念up-to-datev.s. new干扰项：扩/缩范围、偷换概念、信息不符、无中生有、文不对题四、原题重现——如何排除错误项Glaeserargues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people” reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of idea. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.6. Which of the following would EdwardGlaeseragree with Cities provide more economic opportunities.City people get along better with each other.干扰项：扩/缩范围、偷换概念、信息不符、无中生有、文不对题无中生有四、原题重现——如何排除错误项Sun Yao: Despite its benefits, I’m worried about whether the new system would work. Going to different classrooms would take up a big part of our break time and we would have less time to relax after class. Also, not all schools could offer so many diversified classes.（山东检测卷）32. According to Sun Yao, which of the following sentences is TRUE The new system will work if great measures are taken.All the schools can’t afford so many diversified classes.信息不符干扰项：扩/缩范围、偷换概念、信息不符、无中生有、文不对题RunKeeperPlatform:ios, Androidprice: free, pro version $10Voted best running app on , a US-based Weblog on software, RunKeeper lets you track your running activities on a map.25. To run withRunKeeper, you _____need to share your personal informationmust have a phone with iOS platformcan get it without paying缩小范围无中生有四、原题重现——如何排除错误项干扰项：扩/缩范围、偷换概念、信息不符、无中生有、文不对题干扰项的特点与概况：（事实细节题的考点）扩大（缩小）范围偷换概念信息不符文不对题无中生有03
习题练习
For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do
Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict
A. Both can continue for generations
B. Both are about where to draw the line
C. Neither has any clear winner
D. Neither can be put to an end
B
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
What were the people asked to do in the study
A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers’ faces.
C
Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of “Do not do to others what you would not want others to you. ”He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.
Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that .
A. all men were equal when they were born
B. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
B
Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe.
Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe
A. To visit more ski areas.
B. To ski on natural snow.
C. For a large collection of ski suits.
D. For better services and equipment.
D
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. That's what you want for him, too, isn't it
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas
D
But Parbati doesn’t catch elephants just for fun. “My work,” she says, “is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.” And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.
For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .
A. get long lasting excitement
B. keep both man and elephants safe
C. send them back to the jungle
D. make the angry elephants tame
B
Parbati hasn’t always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life. “Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,” she says.
Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, ______________.
A. she spent her time hunting with her father
B. she learned how to sing love songs
C. she had already been called an elephant princess
D. she was taught how to hunt tigers
A
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers （生产商）follow certain uniform standards for various features（特征）of clothes. What seems strange , however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s form the left. Considering most of the world’s population-men and women-are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left
What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry
A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years.
B. It is different for men’s clothing and women’s.
C. It works better with men than with women.
D. It fails to consider right-handed people.
A
The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivera, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.
From the text we learn that__________.
A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year
B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s
C. some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy
D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning
B
After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts（转移）to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents（居民）became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs（郊区）.
Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ
A. Because older American cities were dying.
B. Because they were richer and needed more space.
C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.
D. Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.
A
When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
Why was the author’s mother poorly served？
A. She was unable to speak good English.
B. She was often misunderstood.
C. She was not clearly heard.
D. She was not very polite.
A
My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.”
From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was .
A. good a pretending B. rude to the stockbroker
C. ready to help her mother D. unwilling to phone for her mother
D
The little baby whale——actually as big as our boat——was obviously stuck and could not move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools(漩涡) and waves. “She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently.
The mother whale failed to help her baby because__________.
A. she had stayed in the polluted water for too long
B. the whirlpools she had made were not big enough
C. she had no other whales around to turn to for help
D. the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction
D
Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity(名流) style than in previous years .She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities .There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties.
What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion？
A. They are often ignored by fashion designers.
B. They are now more easily influenced by stars.
C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.
D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age.
B
Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.He rode along until a strange around drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like clack cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier
A. He was riding to school.
B. He was listening to a strange sound.
C. He was going fishing with his father.
D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.
D
Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television. Nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other‘s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.
According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .
A. our ability to use language
B. the miracle of technology
C. the amazing power of nature.
D. our ability to make noises with mouth
A
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.
A. worked very hard for centuries B. dreamed of having a better life
C. were poor but somewhat content D. lived a different life from their forefathers
C
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn’t last long.
Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs
A. the frogs were easy money
B. They needs money to buy medicine
C. they wanted to please the visitors
D. the frogs made too much noise
A
Fear plays no part in this latest problem. “I’m not afraid I’ll lose my children. I won’t lose my children. We live together, and nothing, nothing,” she repeats, her voice rising when speaking to John’s lawyer, “will stop me from being with my children. A law Year, right. Don’t disturb me when it comes to my children. You are never going to win. If John wants to see them, I cannot stop him. He’s their father—I want them to see him! However, his visit in his present condition will disturb the children’s stable (稳定的) life.”
According to Jane in the first paragraph, the law .
A. can’t take her children away from her
B. can’t do anything with the case
C. will best settle the problem
D. will disturb her children
A
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards
A.Lower running costs.
B. Costing less in construction.
C. Less air to be lost in hot days.
D. Better prices for homeless people.
A