2025年中考英语二轮题型专题 词汇猜测题 课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
词汇猜测题
CONTENTS
构词法猜测词义
01
语境法猜测词义
习题练习
03
02
01
构词法猜测词义
What is 词汇猜测题？
词汇猜测题考察考生通过上下文线索理解文中单词、短语或句子能力。它的正确选项必然能够与所考察的单词、短语或句子替换。
常见提问方式：
The underlined word “ … ” refers to / means / stands for ？ .
Which of the following words can take the place of / be replaced by the word “ … ”
What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text
Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”
一、构词法猜测词义
派生法：前缀或后缀
合成法：两个单词合成一个
转化法：一词多义
常见的前缀和后缀有：
inter- (在…之间,相互) dis- ( 不,无,相反) -(i)fy (使得，变成）
mini- (迷你的, 微小的) anti-(反对) micro-（微小的）
re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向) en-/ -en 置于之中, 赋予；使
Can you guess the right meanings
interpersonal
disconnect
mispronouce
anti-ageing
nonsmoker
sleep-walk
sadden
solidify
人与人之间的，人际的
断开，切断
发错音
抗衰老的
不抽烟的人
梦游
使悲伤
使固化，使凝固
E.g.:
It is important for people to do sports regularly.
Exercise builds muscle. But it also strengthens bones.
Q: The underlined word “strengthen” probably means “_____”.
A. 购买 B. 增强 C. 培训 D. 转变
Tip: 根据单词strength的意义“力量”及-en动词后缀，可以猜测该词意义为增强。
strong - strength
-en: 动词词缀：加强
strengthen 加强
解题技巧：抓、定、查
构词法：根据构词法、合成词等知识猜词义。
E.g.:
Whales die in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic bottle caps. It endangers ocean life.
Q: The underlined word “endangers” probably means ________.
A. brings B. loses C. saves D. harms
实战演练：
构词法：根据构词法、合成词等知识猜词义。
词类：生词。
Tip: 根据词根danger的意义“危险”和词缀en-的意义为加强，可以推理出该词意为使遭受危险，故选择harms。
02
语境法猜测词义
二、语境法猜测词义（常用）
通过运用语篇分析推测词义，即通过上下文的逻辑关系来推测词义。
常用方法：
1.定义法
2.对比法
3.相似法
4.因果法
5.例举法
6.上下文
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。
e.g. ①:It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
②The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 6,500 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
表定义常见词汇及短语及手段：be called, be known, be defined as, constitute, refer to 等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。
表解释常见词汇及短语及手段：or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。
E.g.:
There was also a kind of clotheshorse that we used to hang all our clothes on.
Q: The underlined word “clotheshorse” here means ______.
A. 晾衣架 B. 马的衣服 C. 晾衣杆 D. 衣架
Tip: 根据后文释义可以得知为晾衣架。
解题技巧：抓、定、查
上下文-定义法：利用前后句表达该词的词语、句子定义部分。
定语从句：解释作用
表示对比的词有: but, yet, while, however, otherwise, on the other hand, , in contrast, on the contrary, in spite of , instead等。
2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义 词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
①Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(v. 不同意)
②She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
Tip:根据后句的but和boom可以得知其与rare成反义词，故选unusual。
解题技巧：抓、定、查
but 转折
rare - boom
E.g.:
Nowadays, voice shopping is rare. But many scientists predict a boom(增长) in voice shopping in the near future.
Q: The underlined word “rare” probably means _______.
A. unusual B. expensive C. harmful D. possible
上下文-反义：根据上下文提供的反义词或反义关系来推断意义。
实战演练：
上下文-反义：根据上下文提供的反义词或反义关系来推断意义。
词类：熟词。
Tip:根据该句前部分even可以了解前后句为对比反义，所以推测该词意为闲置的。
E.g.:
Even with prices for parking lots in residential(住宅的) areas rising, most of their spaces remain idle during workdays.
Q: The underlined word “idle” probably means ________.
A. 无所事事的 B. 闲置的 C. 停顿的 D. 懒惰的
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
Tip: 根据前句的interesting和fun可以得知后句boring和dull对应，故选择 D boring。
解题技巧：抓、定、查
interesting-fun
boring-dull
E.g.:
People like interesting shows because they can get fun from them. People don’t like boring shows because they don’t want to be dull.
Q: The underlined word “dull” means “______” in English.
A. tired B. angry C. sad D. boring
上下文-同义：根据上下文提供的近义词或近义关系来推断意义。
E.g.:
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, church, theatre and other public halls.
Q: What does the underlined word “mansion” mean in Chinese
A. 建筑物 B. 地址 C. 货物 D. 客户
实战演练：
上下文-同义：根据上下文提供的近义词或近义关系来推断意义。
词类：生词。
Tip: 根据该句church，theatre和public halls等可以推理出他们参观了各个场所，和选项A建筑物为近义关系。
Tip:根据后面的cause a lot of problems可知是不好的事情，故选择病毒。
解题技巧：抓、定、查
virus - problem
E.g.:
Sometimes a robot catches viruses and causes a lot of problems.
Q: The underlined word “viruses” refers to ______.
A. 病毒 B. 主人 C. 未来 D. 理想
上下文-语境：根据上下文语义进行猜测。
4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
①One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
②She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
adj.全神贯注的，聚精会神的，专心致志的
因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, for, because, due to, owing to, for the reason that, result from, result in, so, therefore, thus, consequently等。
...There are also varieties developed to suit specific local
conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it....
What does the underlined phrase "a pipe dream" in Paragraph 3
mean
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope. C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
B
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
常见的举例的提示词有:
for instance, for example, such as, like等 。
实战演练：
上下文-定义法：利用前后句表达该词的词语、句子定义部分。
词类：生词。
Tip: 根据该段最后一句说明90%人倾向于后买本土产品，可以推测该词意为偏爱。
E.g.:
Young Chinese buyers are showing a “home brand bias”. More than 90% of young Chinese buyers would prefer to buy brands like HUAWEI and Xiaomi.
Q: What does the underlined word “bias” mean
A. 产品 B. 时尚 C. 偏爱 D. 鄙视
Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. … If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunist” , the author means to say that lions____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. like to take advantage of other animals
D. like to take every chance to eat
6. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
猜代词的含义多用词法
实战演练：
上下文-语境：根据上下文语义进行猜测。
词类：熟词。
Tip:根据该段前部分可以了解到董卿收到了主持诗词大会的邀请，因此推理出于对诗歌的热爱，她接受了邀请。
E.g.:
In 2015, Dong received an invitation from the director of Chinese Poetry Congress asking her to be the hostess. Because of her passion for poems, Dong accepted the job.
Q: The underlined word “passion” probably means _______.
A. 热爱 B. 幸福 C. 惊喜 D. 自信
Tip:根据前句可以了解到老年人在驾驶中遇到困难，我们或许可以用技术帮忙解决问题，address在此处做动词。
解题技巧：抓、定、查
E.g.:
It is helping us to understand what the difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
Q: The underlined word “address” refers to ______.
A. 解决 B. 地址 C. 面临 D. 抛弃
上下文-语境：根据上下文语义进行猜测。
How to solve difficulties
实战演练：
上下文-语境：根据上下文语义进行猜测。
词类：熟词。
Tip:根据动词receive可以得知这里的share做名词，在互联网中的分享，可以推出为转发，故选D。
E.g.:
The post has gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares in just three days.
Q: The underlined word “shares” probably means _______.
A. 共享 B. 点赞 C. 评论 D. 转发
指代对应：
常见：it, that, he, itself, these, those, they, them
注意：往前后句找指代，一般距离不远
Tip:根据后面的kept on board可以得知是把盒子存放在船上，故选择the box。
解题技巧：抓、定、查
E.g.:
Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box. It was kept on board until the ship came home safely.
Q: The underlined word “it” refers to ______.
A. sailors B. a safe return C. money D. the box
上下文-语境：根据上下文语义进行猜测。
实战演练：
上下文-语境：根据上下文语义进行猜测。
词类：代词。
Tip:根据该段but可以了解孔子的想法是人人都可以上学接受教育。
E.g.:
At that time only children from noble(贵族的) families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.
Q: The underlined word “they” probably means _______.
A. schools B. children C. noble families D. everyone
03
习题练习
If you water plants, you pour water over them in order to help them to grow.
水
浇水
1.
井
摘取
B
Q: The underlined word “water” probably means ____.
熟词生义
Mom called the school to say it was unfair, but the school scolded me for complaining too much.
punished
agreed
2.
celebrated
suggested
A
Q: The underlined word “scolded” probably means ____.
生词-反义
The umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
皇室的
富裕的
3.
中产的
平民的
A
Q: The underlined word “royal” might mean ______.
生词-定义
Jack’s dog closed the door and rushed out of the room with everyone in it shocked.
the door
the room
4.
the dog
Jack
A
Q: The underlined word “it” might refer to ______.
代词-语义
Thank you for
watching.