牛津译林版八年级上册Units7--8拓展阅读专练（含解析）

Unit7 Seasons
一、阅读理解　　 素养:文化意识　 话题:节气　 难度:易　 建议用时:5分钟
跨学科[2024岳阳中考改编]
Spring Equinox
The 4th solar term
March 20th~April 4thGrain in Ear
The 9th solar term
June 6th~June 20thBeginning of Autumn
The 13th solar term
August 7th~August 22ndGreat Cold
The 24th solar term
January 20th~February 3rd
Everything begins to grow and flowers come out. Some birds fly back to the north. People usually fly kites and go climbing. It's a long period of continuous rainy and cloudy weather. Farmers are busy sowing (播种) and working in the fields.The leaves of trees start to fall. As the saying goes, "One leaf falls, autumn arrives." People can feel the wind getting cool.It is snowy and cold. People wear thick clothes to keep warm. Children often make snowmen and do some winter sports like ice skating.
1 Spring Equinox is the best time to 　　　　. 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　
A. fly kites
B. pick up leaves
C. make snowmen
D. work in the fields
2 How's the weather during Grain in Ear
A. Sunny and hot.
B. Rainy and cloudy.
C. Snowy and cold.
D. Windy and cool.
3 Which part of a magazine is this passage probably from
A. Sports. B. Health.
C. Culture. D. Education.
二、阅读理解　　 素养:思维品质　 话题:季节　 难度:中　 建议用时:7分钟
　　跨学科 [2024宿迁中考]When your town has winter, the earth's axis(轴) is pointing away from the sun. Your town doesn't get as much light or heat from the sun. The days are shorter and colder.
Winter and summer happen because the earth is tilted(倾斜) as it revolves around the sun. The northern end of the earth's axis points towards the sun in summer. You have more hours of light in summer. Your part of the earth is towards the sun for more hours each day. When the part of the earth where you live is towards the sun, you have hotter days. In winter, when your part of the earth points away from the sun, you have colder days.
You have learned about winter and summer. There are two more seasons in the year. One comes after winter and before summer. The other season comes after summer and before winter. Can you name them That's right. Spring comes between winter and summer and autumn comes after summer but before winter.
The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring and autumn are opposite seasons. Which season do you like best
You have thought about the four seasons of the year. Each season is different. The seasons are made by the northern end of the axis pointing towards or away from the sun.
Your part of the world gets more heat from the sun when the northern end of the axis points to the sun. When the axis points away from the sun, you get less heat. Now you know why winter is colder than summer. The axis is pointing away from the sun in winter. It is pointing towards the sun in summer.
1 What does the underlined word "revolves" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Moves.　　　　　 B. Turns. C. Jumps. D. Sites.
2 What is the passage mainly about
A. How four seasons happen.
B. How the weather changes.
C. When the earth's axis points towards the sun.
D. When the earth's axis points away from the sun.
3 Where does the passage probably come from
A. A film guide.
B. A storybook.
C. A science magazine.
D. A book review.
Unit 8 Natural disasters
一、完形填空　　 素养:思维品质　 话题:自我保护　 难度:中　 建议用时:10分钟
　　新素材[2024贺州中考改编]Being street-smart is an important skill to have and it's a good way to take care of yourself.
Always carry your phone with you, but do not look at 　1　 while you are walking. Being able to communicate phone or call for help is important, so keep a list of useful numbers. But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your 　2　 up and see what's going on around. If you do need to check your phone, 　3　 and look at it quickly.
Don't wear earphones 　4　 you are out. If you have to 　5　 something when you're out, use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume(音量).
Travel with 　6　 or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger. It's 　7　 to be careful with strangers. Remember not to get into a stranger's car.
　8　 dark and out-of-the-way places. Do not take short cuts through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much faster. If you have to go to a place and you're not sure whether it's safe or not, go　9　 someone you know or speak to someone over the phone while you are there.
Run and shout if you feel unsafe. Run away as fast as you can towards a police station, hospital, or nearby business for 　10　. Shout as loudly as you can to get the attention of people nearby. 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　
1 A. me B. it C. him D. her
2 A. head B. nose C. hands D. arms
3 A. walk B. run C. stop D. start
4 A. though B. unless C. until D. while
5 A. look for B. wait for C. listen to D. talk to
6 A. parents B. brothers C. sisters D. friends
7 A. important B. impossible C. boring D. interesting
8 A. Find B. Avoid C. Visit D. Clean
9 A. to B. for C. with D. without
10 A. help B. drink C. money D. medicine
二、阅读理解　　 素养:思维品质　 话题:闪电　 难度:难　 建议用时:8分钟
　　 Lightning is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena(现象). It is also one of the most deadly phenomena. A bolt of lightning is six times hotter than the surface(表面) of the Sun and gives out 30,000 amps of electricity(电). It can travel at 100,000 kilometres per hour and has the ability to hit a target up to 40 kilometres away. About 1,000 people around the world are killed by lightning every day.
Only about ten percent of people struck by lightning will actually die,but the others are actually very badly injured,with burns,broken bones,blindness,deafness,paralysis,or memory loss. However,when the electricity passes through their brain,it can occasionally have unusual and even positive effects. Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning. One woman said a psychological test showed her intelligence(智力) had greatly
improved,and one man said he could no longer feel cold at all and could go out in temperature below freezing in just a T-shirt!
So what should you do to stay safe in a thunderstorm The most important rule is to stay inside,but do not go near phones,electrical appliances,plumbing or water. If you are stuck outside,do not take shelter under a tree. Instead,roll yourself up into a ball on the ground as small as possible. And do not think it has to be raining in order for lightning to strike.
Strangely,lightning seems to prefer some people to others. If you are a man,you are six times more likely to be struck by lightning than a woman!
1 What does the phrase "positive effects" in Paragraph 2 possibly mean
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　
A. something good
B. something bad
C. something useful
D. something useless
2 In order to stay safe in a thunderstorm,you should do the following EXCEPT 　　　　.
A. staying inside
B. rolling up into a ball
C. taking shelter under a tree
D. staying away from water
3 Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A. Lightning is a beautiful but dangerous phenomenon.
B. Most people struck by lightning will actually die.
C. Lightning can travel at 10,000 kilometres per hour.
D. A woman is more likely to be struck by lightning than a man.
4 The writer uses the examples of a man and a woman in Paragraph 2 to 　　　　.
A. show lightning is very dangerous to human beings
B. make the readers know more about lightning
C. help people know lightning will surely improve their intelligence
D. prove something surprising and interesting may happen because of lightning
5 Where can you probably find the article
A. In a storybook.
B. In a science magazine.
C. In a tour guide book.
D. In an advertisement.
三、阅读理解　　 素养:思维品质　 话题:急救措施　 难度:难　 建议用时:8分钟
新风向·多模态语篇
1 What should you do first if you get burned
A. Call the police.
B. Check the burn.
C. Go to the hospital.
D. Clean the burned area.
2 新考法 What's the correct order of the tips to take care of the burn yourself
a. Bandage the burn.
b. Remove jewelry from the burn.
c. Put the burn under cool running water.
d. Tear the clothing away from the burn if possible.
A. c-b-a-d B. a-b-d-c
C. d-c-a-b D. d-b-c-a
3 What would you do to deal with the large burned area
A. Ask the doctor for help.
B. Cover the burn with a dirty cloth.
C. Put some butter on the burn.
D. Treat the burn without medical care.
4 What is suggested in the text
A. You are supposed to break the blisters.
B. Some mild burns can't be treated at home.
C. Children can't play with fire in the kitchen.
D. You should be careful only when using candles.
5 Where is the text probably from
A. A medical ad. B. A fashion magazine.
C. A local guidebook. D. A first-aid handbook.
四、任务型阅读　　 素养:思维品质　 话题:安全与救护　 难度:中　 建议用时:5分钟
　　[2024苏州太仓月考]Forest fires take place in the forest because there are so many trees to burn. 1 Other types of wildfires include grass fires, bush fires and hill fires.
The major cause of forest fires is human activities. This can be carelessness such as not putting out a campfire or dropping a lit cigarette(香烟). It may also be caused by setting a fire on purpose. 2 The number one natural cause of fire is lightning.
3 They can be very large in size. They can move over 6 miles per hour and can jump over rivers and roads.
Modern firefighters are well trained and know how to control forest fires. 4 Firefighters will often remove the trees and grass in a long line ahead of where the fire is going. This line is called a firebreak. When the fire reaches the firebreak it stops.5 These airplanes can carry thousands of gallons of water to drop on land to reach areas of the fire.
根据短文内容从下面七个选项中选择五个还原到文中
A. Forest fires can be very difficult to put out or control.
B. Billions of dollars are spent every year fighting fires in some countries.
C. Sometimes firefighters will use airplanes to drop water on fires from the air.
D. Forest fires are a type of wildfire.
E. A strong wind can help a fire to spread and move quickly.
F. Around 80% of forest fires are caused by humans.
G. Firebreak is one of the best ways to stop a fire.
Unit7 Seasons
一、阅读理解
　　【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了二十四节气中的春分、芒种、立秋和大寒各自对应的时间、天气和人们的活动。
1　A　细节理解题。根据对Spring Equinox的描述中的"People usually fly kites and go climbing"可知答案。
2　B　细节理解题。根据对Grain in Ear的描述中的"It's a long period of continuous rainy and cloudy weather"可知答案。
3　C　文章出处题。 本文主要介绍了二十四节气中春分、芒种、立秋和大寒各自对应的时间、天气和人们的活动,故本文最有可能出现在杂志的文化版块。
二、阅读理解
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普文。文章介绍了一年四季——春、夏、秋、冬是如何形成的。
Winter and summer　 happen because the earth is tilted as it revolves around the sun.冬季和夏季出现,是因为地球围绕着太阳转的时候是倾斜的。
1　A　词义猜测题。冬天和夏天之所以出现,是因为地球在绕太阳旋转时是倾斜的。moves around"绕着……移动"符合语境,故选A。
2　A　主旨大意题。根据全文描述,文章说明了随着地球的公转,地球上形成了四季。故选A。
　　主旨大意题是考查学生概括总结文章的能力,它是对文章的全面理解和归纳。在做这类题时,我们要把重点放在文章的首尾部分,中间部分可采取扫读或略读的方式来节省时间。
主旨大意题常出现的错误多为以下几种:
(1)以偏概全。即只抓住了一个主题的侧面就误以为是主题。
(2)过于笼统。即归纳的主题太过宽泛,与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分说明。
(3)把自己的观点强加给作者。即根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视作者的见解。
3　C　文章出处题。短文是科普文,介绍四季的成因,与科学相关,最可能出现在科学杂志上。
Unit 8 Natural disasters
一、完形填空
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了一些自我保护的技巧,包括随身携带手机,尽量不用耳机,和朋友或家人一起出行,远离黑暗偏僻的地方以及遇到危险时跑开并大声求救。
1　B　分析语境可知,此空指代前面的"your phone"。
2　A　根据上文中的"put your phone away while you are walking"可知,这样我们才会抬起头走路。
3　C　根据语境可知,看手机的时候应该停下来。
4　D　当你在外面的时候不要戴耳机。表示在做一件事情的同时也在做另一件事,应用while。
5　C　根据下文中的"use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume(音量)"可知,这里指听东西。
6　D　根据下文中的"or family members"可知,这里可排除A、B、C三个选项,故选D。
7　A　根据上文中的"never go anywhere with a stranger"可知,此处指小心陌生人,这点很重要。
8　B　根据上文及常识可知,为了安全,我们要避开黑暗偏僻的地方。
9　C　根据上文中的"If you have to go to a place and you're not sure whether it's safe or not"可知,此处指要与认识的人在一起。
10　A　根据上文及常识可知,遇到危险时跑得越快越好,到警察局、医院或附近的商店寻求帮助。
二、阅读理解
　　【解题导语】　这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了什么是闪电、被闪电击中的一些有趣现象以及如何防止被闪电击中。
　　作为中学生,我们要具有安全意识与自我保护能力。通过本篇文章的学习,我们能够了解如何在有闪电的天气中保护自我。
,and !一位女士说,一项心理测试显示,她的智力有了很大提高;一位男士说,他再也感觉不到冷了,只要穿一件T恤衫就可以在零下的温度下出门!
1　A　短语猜测题。根据下文中的"Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning"以及下文作者举的例子可知,被闪电击中也有好处。positive effects是指积极的影响,故选A。
2　C　细节理解题。文章第三段介绍了雷暴雨中人们应该做的事情和不应该做的事情,再结合选项可知选C。
3　A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的前两句"Lightning is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena(现象). It is also one of the most deadly phenomena"可知,闪电是一种美丽但危险的自然现象。故选A。
4　D　推理判断题。该段讲述了发生在一个男人和一个女人身上的例子,向人们说明有关闪电的令人惊奇和有趣的事情。故选D。
5　B　文章出处题。文章主要介绍了什么是闪电、被闪电击中的一些有趣现象以及如何防止被闪电击中,因此这篇文章可能出现在科学杂志上。
三、阅读理解
　　【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了若不慎烧伤应如何处理伤口。
1　B　细节理解题。根据文中的"First, decide if you can take care of the burn yourself"可知,烧伤后第一件要做的事是检查伤口。故选B。
2　C　细节理解题。根据文中What to do if you get burned下的内容可知,正确的顺序为:如果可以的话撕掉烧伤部位的衣服→用清凉的水冲洗伤口→用绷带包扎伤口→摘掉伤口附近的首饰。故选C。
3　A　细节理解题。根据文中Seek emergency medical care if下的"The burned area is large"可知,若烧伤面积较大,应向医生寻求帮助。故选A。
4　C　细节理解题。根据文中Think Prevention下的"Do not allow children to play in the kitchen while someone is cooking"可知,C项的表述符合文意。
5　D　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了如何处理烧伤,故本文有可能出自一本急救手册。
四、任务型阅读
　　【解题导语】　本文讲述了森林火灾的产生原因及破坏力,以及消防员灭火的一些方法。
　　短文还原类试题主要考查的是学生对文章整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握,解答短文还原类试题时,可使用以下方法:
(1)看文章结构:①小标题一般短小精悍,和其他小标题结构一致;②段首一般概括文段,和小标题相呼应;③段中一般起承上启下的作用;④段尾总结整段内容也有承上启下的作用。
(2)找关键词:指的是选项和文章中提到了相同的关键词语,同词或同结构复现,从而帮助我们进行选择。
(3)找代词:通过判断代词所指代的内容来承接上下文,确认答案。
(4)找逻辑关系:把握上下文中的逻辑关系,找准上下文之间的转折关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系和分总关系等,从而进行选择。
(5)排除法:当遇到不太确定的空时可以先跳过,最终通过排除其他选项来确认最佳答案。
1　D　根据第一段中的"Other types of wildfires include grass fires,bush fires and hill fires"可推测,此处讲的是森林火灾是野火中的一种,故选D。
2　F　根据第二段中的"The major cause of forest fires is human activities"可推测,此处讲的是人类活动对森林火灾的影响之大,故选F。
3　A　根据第三段中的"They can be very large in size"可知,这里讲的是森林火灾的范围广、破坏力强、不易控制,故选A。
4　G　根据第四段中的"This line is called a firebreak"可推测,此处讲的是关于防火带的,故选G。
5　C　根据该空下一句话中的"airplanes"可知,该空中会涉及飞机,与C项相对应。