2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解主旨大意题 课件（共50页）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解主旨大意题 课件（共50页） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 6.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-05 16:48:08 | ||
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(共50张PPT)
主旨大意题
CONTENTS
主要内容型
01
写作目的型
文章标题型
03
习题练习
04
02
01
主要内容型
What is 主旨大意题？
主旨大意题主要考察的是对文章核心内容的理解和把握能力。 这种题型通常出现在阅读理解中，要求考生能够准确概括文章的中心思想或主旨，理解文章的主要内容和意图。
具体来说，主旨大意题可能以选择文章最佳标题、概括文章中心大意、文章段落大意等形式出现。这类题型要求考生能够快速识别文章的主题，理解文章的主要论点，并能够从文章中提取关键信息来回答问题。
提问方式：
1.段落大意类
(1) What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
(2) The main idea of the first paragraph probably is _____.
(3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one
2.文章大意类
(1) What does the passage mainly talk about
(2) The main idea of the passage is ___________.
提问方式：
3.标题概括类
(1) The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
(2) Which of the following is the best title of the passage
(3) What can be a suitable title for the passage
主要内容型：
特点：
选项多为陈述句，
要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。
解题策略与技巧：
画出段落主题句或关键词，结合选项，选出正确答案。
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（1）Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.
主题句在文首：开头主题+论证性细节。
文体：应用文 书信 说明文 科技文献 新闻报道
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（2）Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working withher hands, and his hobby is gardening.
主题句在文中：例子/问题（铺垫）—主题提出—进一步解释说明
文体：说明文 科技文献 研究报告
提示词归纳：
转折关系的词---- 后：but, yet, however, in fact,actually, indeed,...
总结性，结论性的词 ---- 后：in brief，in short, after all, all in all, to sum up, in conclusion, in a word, so, therefore
表研究成果的词---- 内容: show, indicate, suggest, according to...
举例子的词----前: for example, for instance, take ... as an example, ...
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（3）When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can' t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.
主题句在文末：事实依据—层层推理—得出结论（主题）
文体：广告类 哲理性故事
总结：如何寻找主题句：
常考三种结构：
（1）总——分：
主题句在段首
（2）分——总：
主题句在段尾
（3）分——总——分：
主题句在中间
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（4）Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer，cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it
主题句在首尾：主题—进一步引申—主题
（5）Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly. To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind, when you experience unwanted feeling. By talking it over in your own head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.
Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting
annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controlling it is the real challenge.
高频词：
围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词
反复强调的是重点，重点是考点
文体：议论文
技巧：（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。
（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
（3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
（4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词语。
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
（一）主要内容型
普及，流行，受欢迎，知名度，声望
（一）主要内容型
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A
lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
（一）主要内容型
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A
lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Tips:关注一些表转折关系的连词: but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等，这些词后面通常连接着关键讯息。
（一）主要内容型
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A
lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Tips:关注一些表转折关系的连词: but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等，这些词后面通常连接着关键讯息。
02
写作目的型
写作目的型：
选项多为动宾结构，
要求考生找到某句话、某段话或者某篇文章主要的写作目的。
解题方法：
快速浏览文章首尾段和各段落的首尾句 ，找到主题句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通过主旨来推断作者的写作目的。通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等主题句多在开头，可以快速推断出作者的写作目的 。
分析文章的文体 ，不同文体的写作目的不同。例如，议论文的目的是说服读者接受或赞同作者的某一观点，说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识或提出建议 。
注意文章中的转折词 ，如however, but, yet等，这些词往往标志着作者观点的转变或对比。
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available ...
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center's history.
03
文章标题型
三、小标题
文章标题题主要考查对文章主题思想的把握能力和对抽象概括性语言的理解能力。文章的标题高度概括文章的内容,点明文章主题,且短小精悍，言简意赅。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是简短的句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构。
常见设问方式：
What can be a suitable title for the text
What is the best title for the text
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
Which of the following can be the best title for the text
做题小技巧：
1.标题特征：_概括_性，_准确_性，_趣味_性
2.概括文章大意的_名_词（词组），包含于标题。
3.若有_主题_句，标题是_主题_句的浓缩。
4.找标题关注：_首_段，_尾_段
5.干扰项特点：_扩大范围，以偏概全，无中生有，曲解文意
简而言之：
1.正面肯定法：画出主题句，找出高频关键词。
2.反面否定法：设想四个选项对应的文章内容，然后和原文对照，排除不符合选项。
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
（三）标题概括类
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
B. The Higher the Status, the Better D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
Tips: 关注表总结，结论的词: in brief/ short, therefore, thus, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
（三）标题概括类
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
B. The Higher the Status, the Better D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
总结
正确选项特征：
1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小
3.精确性强
干扰选项特征：
过于笼统 不知所云
概括范围过大，超出文章所述内容
以偏概全 主次不分 只阐述了文章一部分内容，以部分细节充当全文主要内容
移花接木 偷换概念 包含文章关键词，但是所述内容与文章并不相符
无中生有 生搬硬套 选项内容与文章内容毫无联系
04
习题练习
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study，191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time，44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
“However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association，” said H rder.“More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden，so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
√
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood，Ginni，now 71，has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer，she toured in the UK，but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts，Ginni began to travel the world，eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go，” she says.“I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous.I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008，Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before，to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land，to be respected by humans，was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
√
Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city discovered its harbor.Then，one after another，Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city.
32.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Sydney’s striking architecture.
B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C.The key to Sydney’s development.
D.Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
√
Thank you for
watching.
主旨大意题
CONTENTS
主要内容型
01
写作目的型
文章标题型
03
习题练习
04
02
01
主要内容型
What is 主旨大意题？
主旨大意题主要考察的是对文章核心内容的理解和把握能力。 这种题型通常出现在阅读理解中，要求考生能够准确概括文章的中心思想或主旨，理解文章的主要内容和意图。
具体来说，主旨大意题可能以选择文章最佳标题、概括文章中心大意、文章段落大意等形式出现。这类题型要求考生能够快速识别文章的主题，理解文章的主要论点，并能够从文章中提取关键信息来回答问题。
提问方式：
1.段落大意类
(1) What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
(2) The main idea of the first paragraph probably is _____.
(3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one
2.文章大意类
(1) What does the passage mainly talk about
(2) The main idea of the passage is ___________.
提问方式：
3.标题概括类
(1) The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
(2) Which of the following is the best title of the passage
(3) What can be a suitable title for the passage
主要内容型：
特点：
选项多为陈述句，
要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。
解题策略与技巧：
画出段落主题句或关键词，结合选项，选出正确答案。
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（1）Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.
主题句在文首：开头主题+论证性细节。
文体：应用文 书信 说明文 科技文献 新闻报道
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（2）Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working withher hands, and his hobby is gardening.
主题句在文中：例子/问题（铺垫）—主题提出—进一步解释说明
文体：说明文 科技文献 研究报告
提示词归纳：
转折关系的词---- 后：but, yet, however, in fact,actually, indeed,...
总结性，结论性的词 ---- 后：in brief，in short, after all, all in all, to sum up, in conclusion, in a word, so, therefore
表研究成果的词---- 内容: show, indicate, suggest, according to...
举例子的词----前: for example, for instance, take ... as an example, ...
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（3）When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can' t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.
主题句在文末：事实依据—层层推理—得出结论（主题）
文体：广告类 哲理性故事
总结：如何寻找主题句：
常考三种结构：
（1）总——分：
主题句在段首
（2）分——总：
主题句在段尾
（3）分——总——分：
主题句在中间
如何寻找主题句：
特点：概括性
（4）Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer，cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it
主题句在首尾：主题—进一步引申—主题
（5）Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly. To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind, when you experience unwanted feeling. By talking it over in your own head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.
Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting
annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controlling it is the real challenge.
高频词：
围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词
反复强调的是重点，重点是考点
文体：议论文
技巧：（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。
（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
（3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
（4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词语。
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
（一）主要内容型
普及，流行，受欢迎，知名度，声望
（一）主要内容型
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A
lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
（一）主要内容型
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A
lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Tips:关注一些表转折关系的连词: but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等，这些词后面通常连接着关键讯息。
（一）主要内容型
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A
lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Tips:关注一些表转折关系的连词: but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等，这些词后面通常连接着关键讯息。
02
写作目的型
写作目的型：
选项多为动宾结构，
要求考生找到某句话、某段话或者某篇文章主要的写作目的。
解题方法：
快速浏览文章首尾段和各段落的首尾句 ，找到主题句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通过主旨来推断作者的写作目的。通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等主题句多在开头，可以快速推断出作者的写作目的 。
分析文章的文体 ，不同文体的写作目的不同。例如，议论文的目的是说服读者接受或赞同作者的某一观点，说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识或提出建议 。
注意文章中的转折词 ，如however, but, yet等，这些词往往标志着作者观点的转变或对比。
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available ...
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center's history.
03
文章标题型
三、小标题
文章标题题主要考查对文章主题思想的把握能力和对抽象概括性语言的理解能力。文章的标题高度概括文章的内容,点明文章主题,且短小精悍，言简意赅。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是简短的句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构。
常见设问方式：
What can be a suitable title for the text
What is the best title for the text
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
Which of the following can be the best title for the text
做题小技巧：
1.标题特征：_概括_性，_准确_性，_趣味_性
2.概括文章大意的_名_词（词组），包含于标题。
3.若有_主题_句，标题是_主题_句的浓缩。
4.找标题关注：_首_段，_尾_段
5.干扰项特点：_扩大范围，以偏概全，无中生有，曲解文意
简而言之：
1.正面肯定法：画出主题句，找出高频关键词。
2.反面否定法：设想四个选项对应的文章内容，然后和原文对照，排除不符合选项。
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
（三）标题概括类
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
B. The Higher the Status, the Better D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
Tips: 关注表总结，结论的词: in brief/ short, therefore, thus, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
（三）标题概括类
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
B. The Higher the Status, the Better D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
总结
正确选项特征：
1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小
3.精确性强
干扰选项特征：
过于笼统 不知所云
概括范围过大，超出文章所述内容
以偏概全 主次不分 只阐述了文章一部分内容，以部分细节充当全文主要内容
移花接木 偷换概念 包含文章关键词，但是所述内容与文章并不相符
无中生有 生搬硬套 选项内容与文章内容毫无联系
04
习题练习
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study，191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time，44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
“However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association，” said H rder.“More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden，so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
√
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood，Ginni，now 71，has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer，she toured in the UK，but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts，Ginni began to travel the world，eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go，” she says.“I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous.I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008，Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before，to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land，to be respected by humans，was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
√
Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city discovered its harbor.Then，one after another，Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city.
32.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Sydney’s striking architecture.
B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C.The key to Sydney’s development.
D.Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
√
Thank you for
watching.