Unit 3 知识点总结(含短语+句子+精讲+作文)2024-2025学年人教版八年级上册英语

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名称 Unit 3 知识点总结(含短语+句子+精讲+作文)2024-2025学年人教版八年级上册英语
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人教版八年级上册英语Unit 3 知识点总结(含短语+句子+精讲+作文)
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
一、重点短语
1. more outgoing 更外向
2. as…as…与……一样 ……
3. the singing competition 唱歌比赛
4. be similar to 与……相像的 /类似的
5. the same as和……相同;与 ……一致
6. be different from 与……不同
7. care about 关心;介意
8. be like a mirror 像一面镜子
9. the most important 最重要的
10. as long as 只要;既然
11. bring out 使显现;使表现出
12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
13. reach for 伸手取
14. in fact 事实上;实际上
15. make friends 交朋友
16. the other 其他的
17. touch one’s heart 感动某人
18. be talented in music 有音乐天赋
19. be good at 擅长……
20. be good with 善于与 ……相处
21. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣
22. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
23. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
24. want to do sth. 想要做某事
二、必背重点句
1. Sam has longer hair than Tom.= Sam’s hair is longer than Tom’s. Sam 的头发比Tom的长。
2. I’m taller now than I was 2 years ago = I was shorter 2 years ago than I am now.现在的我比两年前更高。
3. I study harder now than I did 2 years ago.现在的我比两年前学习更努力了。
4. I studied harder 2 years ago than I do now.两年前的我比现在学习更努力。
5. Who is smarter, your mother or your father 谁更聪明,你的老爸还是老妈?
6. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.妈妈告诉我好朋友像一面镜子。
7. That’s why I like reading books.那就是我为什么喜欢读书。
8. I think friends are like books —— you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.我认为朋友像书,只要是好的就不必需要太多。
9. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.我很害羞,所以交朋友对于我来说不容易。
10. It’s not necessary to be the same.没有必要一样。
11. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我不太关心朋友是否与我一样。
12. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.真朋友在你需要是帮助你,打动你。
13. In fact, she’s funnier than anyone.事实上,她比任何人都更幽默。
14. In what ways are you different 你们在哪些方面不同?
15. Is he different from you in any way 在某方面他与你不同吗?
16. She’s always there to listen.她总是准备着倾听。
17. Huang Lei isn’t as good at tennis as Larry. Huang Lei打网球不如Larry。
三、词汇精讲
1.both
(1) 代词,意为“两者,双方,两人”。
例如:
Both of the flowers are very beautiful.= The flowers are both very beautiful. 这两朵花都很漂亮。
(2) 形容词,意为“两者的,双方的”。
例如:
She wants both dictionaries. 这两本字典她都想要。
Both the answers are wrong. 这两个答案都是错的。
(3) 副词,意为“两者,两者都是”,常用于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
例如:
They can both dance. 他们俩都会跳舞。
(4) both…and意为“……和……都,既……又……”,用于连接两个并列成分,连接并列主语时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。
例如:
Both you and your sister like it very much. 你和你姐姐都非常喜欢它。
【拓展】
(1) 当both用于否定句时,表示“并非两者都……”。
例如:
I don’t like both the sweaters. 这两件毛衣,我并不都喜欢。
(2) both…and…的否定形式为neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”。
例如:
He can speak neither French nor English. 他既不会法语也不会英语。
2.outgoing与quiet
outgoing作形容词,意为“外向的,友好的;擅于交际的”,其比较级为more outgoing。其反义词为quiet,意为“安静的,文静的”,可作定语或表语。
例如:
They walked to a quiet place. 他们向一个安静的地方走去。
You have a cold, so you must keep quiet at home. 你感冒了,所以必须在家静养。
He is more outgoing than me. 他比我能说会道。
【拓展】calm,still,quiet与silent:
(1) calm 意为“镇静的;平静的”。指不受干扰时的宁静、平静;指人时表示沉着的、镇定的。
(2) still 意为“不动的;静止的”。指物理上的安静状态。
(3) quiet意为“安静的;静止的”。指寂静的状态,没有吵闹、骚乱,指人表示娴静、文静。
(4) silent意为“沉默的;无言的”。主要指人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。
例如:
When we face danger, we should keep calm. 面对危险,我们应该保持沉着、冷静。
The baby kept still when she was taking photos. 当给这个婴儿拍照时,她一动也不动。
Be quiet, everyone. The teacher is coming. 同学们,安静!老师来了。
We shouldn’t keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions.当老师问我们问题时,我们不应该保持沉默。
【注意】quiet意为“安静的”,quite意为“相当”。
3.win
win作动词,意为“赢得;打败;战胜”,其现在分词要双写n,为winning;过去式和过去分词均为won。
例如:
He won a prize last week. 他上周得奖了。
They won the basketball match yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场篮球比赛。
He knew this was his last hope of winning. 他知道这是他获胜的唯一希望了。
【拓展】win与beat:
(1) win强调赢得“比赛、游戏、战争”,获得“名次、奖品”。
例如:
win a prize得奖
win a game赢得比赛
win a honor赢得荣誉
win a battle 赢得战斗
win a match赢得比赛
win a scholarship赢得奖学金
(2) beat强调“打败,战胜”,其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手,即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。
例如:
beat a team 战胜/打败一队(组)
beat a nation战争/打败一个国家
beat an opponent战胜/打败一个对手
4.heavy 与thin
heavy和thin是一组意义相反的形容词,都可用来描述人的体型。heavy意为“胖的,笨重的”,比较级形式为heavier;thin意为“瘦的”,其比较级形式为thinner。
例如:
He is very heavy, but his brother is thin. 他很胖,可他的哥哥却瘦。
【拓展】
heavy还可意为“重的;剧烈的;大的”等。
例如:
heavy rain/snow/smoke 大雨/大雪/浓烟
heavy smoker/drinker/eater 烟瘾/酒瘾/食量大的人
have a heavy cold 患重感冒
heavy(busy) traffic 交通拥挤
5.care about
care about意为“关心,在意”。
例如:
She does not care about her husband at all. 她根本不关心她的丈夫。
Don't you care about this country’s future 难道你不为国家前途担忧吗
I don’t care about money. 我不看重钱。
【拓展】care for意为“照顾,照料;想要;喜欢”。
例如:
Would you care for some more tea 想再喝点茶吗
The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。
I don’t care for riding on a bike very much; I’d rather go on foot. 我不太喜欢骑自行车, 宁愿步行。
6.serious
serious作形容词,意为“严肃的、认真的、严重的、危险的”。比较级为more serious。常用搭配为:be serious about意为“对……认真”。
例如:
How serious the matter is! 问题是多么严重啊!
I stopped laughing when I realized he was serious about it.当我意识到他不是开玩笑时,我就不再笑了。
7.touch
(1) touch作动词,意为“感动;触摸”。
例如:
Don’t touch the paint until it’s dry. 油漆未干,切勿触摸。
His sad story touched our hearts. 他的悲惨的故事深深打动了我们的心。
The peak seems to touch the sky. 山峰似乎已触及天空。
(2) touch作名词,意为“接触;联系”。
例如:
The blind have a keen sense of touch. 盲人有敏锐的触觉。
They keep close touch with me. 他们和我保持密切联系。
8.reach
(1)reach作动词,意为“伸手;到达;抵达;取得联系”。
例如:
He reached into his pocket to get his car keys. 他把手伸进口袋里拿车钥匙。
We reached the nearest railway station last night. 我们昨天晚上到达最近的火车站。
The garden reaches the lake. 花园一直延伸到湖边。
We tried to reach them by phone. 我们试着用电话跟他们联络。
(2) reach作名词,意为“范围”。
例如:
The book is out of my reach. 那本书我够不到。
四、重点句型讲解
1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。
both:
(1) 表示“两者都 ”, both 用在含有 be动词的句中,应放在 be 动词的后面;用在含有行为动词的句中,应放在行为动词的前面。
(2) both…and…表示“两者都 ”,both...and在句中连接并列成分,如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等, 位置比较灵活。
例如:
Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语)
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.( 连接谓语 )
2.Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。
as...as意为 “与……一样……” ,as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。
例如:
He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。
Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。
注意:
(1) 其否定式为 not as/so +adj./adv. +as。
例如:
Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
(2) 若有修饰成分, 如 twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个 as之前。
例如:
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
3.You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过,你能看得出来,丽萨确实想赢。
(1) win 此处用作不及物动词,意为 “赢;获胜 ”。win 还可用作及物动词,意为 “赢得;在……中获胜 ”,此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战 争等。
例如:
He won the first prize.
Who won the race?
辨析:win 与 beat
① win 表示“赢得;获胜 ”,用作及物动词时,其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。
例如:We won the basketball game.
② beat表示“打赢;战胜 ”,用于比赛时,其宾语为所战胜的对手。
例如:Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-meter race.
(2) though此处作副词,意为 “不过;可是;然而 ”,通常用于句末,前面用逗号与句子隔开。
例如:
Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.
拓展:though作连词,意为 “虽然;尽管 ”,相当于 although。
例如:Though he has no money, he lives very happily.
注意:although/though与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。
例如:
Though he has no money, he lives very happily. =He has no money, but he lives very happily.
4.But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。
(1) the most important意为“最重要的 ”,是 important 的最高级形式。important 的比较级为 more important,形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词 the。
例如:
I think English is the most important of all the subjects.
The most important thing is to work hard.
(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣;玩得高兴 ”。
例如:
It ’s a good place to have fun.
拓展:have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣 ”。
例如:Did you have fun visiting that country?
5.I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。
(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事 ”
例如:
His father always makes him get up before five o ’clock.
拓展:make 的用法:
① make加名词
例如:
make food 做饭
make the bed 铺床
make money 赚钱
② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到 ……;使……处于某种状态
例如:The soft music makes Tina sleepy.
③ make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为 ……
例如:The party made her a good teacher.
④ make sb./sth. + 过去分词 让某人被 ……
例如:I made myself understood by all the students.
⑤ make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事 (不能带不定式符号 to)
例如:Wars make the peace go away.
注意:当 make用于被动语态时,必须带不定式符号 to.
例如:
We were made to work all night.
I was made to repeat the story.
(2) 辨析:laugh与 smile
① laugh一般表示 “出声地 (大)笑”,不但有面部表情,而且还有声音。 laugh at...意为“嘲笑……;因……而发笑 ”。
例如:
Don ’t laugh when you have a meal.
② smile一般表示 “无声地微笑 ”,指的是面部表情。 smile at...意为“向……微笑”。
例如:
He smiled at me.
6.Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.
talented为形容词,意为 “有才能的,有才干的 ”,其比较级形式为 more talented。be talented in为固定搭配,表示 “在……方面有天赋 ”。
例如:
She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。
The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。
7.I ’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。
serious为形容词,意为 “严肃的;稳重的 ”。
例如:My math teacher is very serious in class.
拓展:
① nothing serious意为 “没有什么严重的 ”。
② be serious about... 意为“对……认真”。
例如:
Is she serious about giving up her job?
8.That ’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。
That’s why... 意为“那就是 ……的原因 ”,why 引导的句子作表语,是表语从句。
例如:
That ’s why I don ’t want to leave here.
I got up late, and that ’s why I missed the bus.
9.I ’m shy so it ’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。
“It ’s+ 形容词 +for sb. to do sth.” 是固定结构,意为“做某事对某人来说是 ……的”。结构中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词, 如 difficult,easy, hard,important,dangerous,necessary,possible等。
例如:
It’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.
It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.
10.But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.但是我认为朋友就像书一样 ——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。
as long as意为“只要;既然 ”,引导条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词 can时,所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例如:
You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.
You will get good grades as long as you work hard.
11.However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而,拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的 一面。
bring out 意为“使显现;使表现出 ”。
例如:
I want to bring out the meaning of the poem. 我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。
拓展:
① bring out 还意为 “出版;生产 ”。
例如:The company is bringing out a new sports car.
② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好 /最坏的一面展现出来
例如:Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.
12.I don ’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。
if 作连词,意为 “是否”,引导宾语从句,常用于 ask,know,wonder,find out 等动词 (短语)之后。
例如:
I don ’t know if he is at home. He asks me if I like music.
13.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助 并感动你心扉的人。
(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物 ”,reach此处作不及物动词,意为 “伸手 ”。
例如:
He reaches for the box, but he is too short.
拓展:reach作及物动词,意为 “到达;抵达 ”。
例如:When will you reach Beijing?
辨析:reach, get to与 arrive
① reach为及物动词,后面直接接宾语。
例如:They reached Hangzhou yesterday.
② get to后接地点名词,如果接 there,here或 home等地点副词, to 必须省略。
例如:How did you get to the station?
③ arrive 为不及物动词,后接地点名词时必须加介词 at 或 in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用 in;到达学校、商店等小的地方用 at。接 there,here或 home等地点副词时不用介词 in 或 at。
例如:
I arrived at the company three hours ago.
They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.
(2) touch及物动词,意为“感动;触摸”。
例如:
The sad story touched us.
He touched his son’s head lightly.
五、语法讲解
形容词与副词的比较级
1.规则变化
(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
tall(高的)——taller ——tallest
(2) 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st。
nice(好的)——nicer ——nicest
(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est。
big(大的)——bigger -——biggest
(4) “以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est。
easy(容易的)——easier ——easiest
(5) 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est。
clever(聪明的)——cleverer ——cleverest
(6) 其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。
important(重要的)——more important ——most important
2.不规则变化
good(好的)well(健康的) better best
bad(坏的) ill(有病的) worse worst
old(老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far(远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
3.比较级基本句型:(把A和B进行比较,than是比较级的标志)
(1) A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B
例如:
Tina is taller than Tara. 缇娜比塔拉更高。
I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我妹妹更加外向。
(2) A + 谓语动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
例如:
She sings more loudly than Tara. 她比塔拉唱得更大声。
She can run faster and jump higher than me. 她比我跑得快,跳得高。
She works harder than me.她比我工作更努力。
She always gets up earlier than me. 她总是比我起得早。
Lisa sang better than Nelly. 丽萨比內莉唱得更好。
(3) as + adj./adv.(原级) + as … “和…一样…”
否定:… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as … “不如……那样……”
例如:
I work as hard as Tina. 我和缇娜工作一样努力。
You are not as friendly as your sister. 你不如你妹妹那样友好。= Your sister is more friendly than you.你妹妹比你友好。= You are less friendly than your sister.
【注意】对比对象保持一致。
例如:
Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair) = She has longer hair than you. 她的头发比你的常。
(4) 原级常与very,so, too, quite,pretty, really等连用。比较级常与much, a lot ,a little, a bit等连用。
much more beautiful漂亮得多
a little more beautiful漂亮一点点
4.比较级的特殊句型
(1) 比较级+and+比较级:越来越……
例如:
Our life will be better and better. 我们的生活将会变得越来越好。
It is getting more and more popular to eat birthday cakes.吃蛋糕正变得越来越流行。
(2) The 比较级…, the+比较级…:越…就越…
例如:
The harder you study , the better grades you will get.你越努力学习,你就能得到越好的成绩。
The more , the better . 越多越好。
(3) Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B
例如:
Who is taller,Tom or John 汤姆和约翰,谁更高?
Which is easier, English or Chinese 哪个更容易,英语还是汉语?
六、单元写作
1.本单元学习形容词和副词的比较级,写作的话题主要围绕对两个人进行比较
2.请根据问题提示写一篇70词左右的英语短文,向大家介绍一下你对交朋友的看法。
提示问题:
你对朋友的看法是什么?
你和你最好的朋友有哪些相同和不同之处?
你认为朋友之间应该怎样相处?
One possible version:
I don’t think it’s necessary for friends to be the same. My best friend is Linda. We are classmates. In some ways we are the same, but in some ways , she is very different from me. She is much quieter and taller than me. She always has long hair but I like short hair. I’m good at math but Linda does well in English and Chinese. She is better at singing and dancing. Her hobbies are similar to mine. We both like reading. We both like playing tennis, too. We often get good grades in class. We like to do our homework together after school and we always help each other. As friends, I think we should help and truly care about each other. We can also share happiness and sadness with each other.