[原创]2025年高考总复习英语 第一部分 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS[配套课件]

(共69张PPT)
必修第二册
4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
第一部分
教材梳理
核心单词
阅读词汇
1.Confucius n.孔子
2.mansion n.公馆；宅第
3.cemetery n.墓地；公墓
4.philosophy n.哲学
5.descendant n.后裔；后代；子孙
6.heel n.足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
7.kingdom n.王国；领域
8.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的
n.(公司或机构的)首领；
酋长
9.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
10.currency n.通货；货币
11.military adj.军事的；军用的
12.conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
13.port n.港口(城市)
14.gallery n.(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
15.landscape n.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
16.butter n.黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
17.honey n.蜂蜜
18.ancestor n.祖宗；祖先
19.courtyard n.庭院；院子
20.snack n.点心；小吃
21.poet n.诗人
22.county n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
23.feast n.盛宴；宴会；节日
24.roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n.卷(轴)；翻滚
25.dot n.点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
26.cattle n.牛
27.roar vi.& n.吼叫；咆哮
28.ocean n.大海；海洋
29.scent n.气味；气息
30.pub n.酒吧；酒馆
31.wine n.葡萄酒；果酒
32.beer n.(一杯)啤酒
33.stew n.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
34.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的
高频词汇
1.________ adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人
2.________ n.战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
3.________ n.收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
4.________ n.金额；数量
individual
battle
5.________ n.方法；途径；接近
vt.接近；接洽；着手处理
vi.靠近
charge
amount
approach
ensure
6.________ vt.保证；确保；担保
7.________ n.位置；姿态；职位 vt.安装；安置
8.________ n.风俗；习俗；习惯
position
custom
拓展词汇
1._______ n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→_______
adj.感到困惑的→________ adj.令人困惑的→puzzlement n.迷惑
2.________ vi.应在(某处)；适应→belongings n.财产；所有物
3.defend vt.防御；保卫→________ n.防御；保卫
4.legal adj.法律的；合法的→________ adv.合法地→________
adj.非法的；违法的→________ adv.非法地；违法地
5.___________ vt.围绕；包围→_____________ adj.周围的→
surroundings n.周围的环境
puzzle
puzzled
puzzling
belong
defence
legally
illegal
illegally
surround
surrounding
6.________ n.证据；证明→evident adj.显而易见的→________
adv.显然
evidence
evidently
achieve
achievement
7.________ vt.完成；达到；实现→___________ n.成就；成绩；
达到→achievable adj.可实现的
8.locate vt.位于；确定……的位置→________ n.地方；地点；
位置
location
9.__________ vt.深深吸引；迷住→__________ adj.极有吸引力
的；迷人的→__________ adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的→fascination n.
入迷；着迷
fascinate
fascinating
fascinated
10.announce vt.宣布；通知；宣称→_______________ n.公告；
宣告；通告
announcement
generous
11._________ adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n.慷慨；
大方
eager
eagerly
greeting
crowded
12.________ adj.热切的；渴望的→________ adv.急切地；渴
望地→eagerness n.热切；渴望
13.greet vt.问候；迎接→________ n.问候
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤→
14.crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众
________ adj.拥挤的
熟词生义
1.announce
【熟义】 vt.宣布；通知；声称
【生义】 vt.作为……的迹象；显示
【典例】 The first few leaves announced the beginning of autumn.
最先落下的几片叶子标志了秋天的开始。
2.amount
【熟义】 n.金额；数量
【生义】 vi.总计(amount to)
【典例】 (2021·6 月浙江卷·读后续写)It was tiring work, but I
looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it
would amount to.工作很累，但我期待着薪水，尽管我不确定它总
计会有多少。
3.position
【熟义】 n.位置；姿态；职位
【生义】 vt.安放；放置
【典例】 In a wired world with constant global communication,
we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 在
一个全球通信不断的有线世界里，无论哪里有灵感迸发，我们都
能知道。
4.roll
【熟义】 vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n.卷(轴)；翻滚
【生义】 vi.发出持续的声音
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)The wind picked up and
thunder rolled.狂风大作，雷声隆隆。
to
from
belong
as
defence
surrounded
重点短语
1.join ...________ ...把……和……连接或联结起来
2.break away (________ sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3.________ to 属于
4.as well ________ 同(一样也)；和；还
5.in ________ of 为了防御/保卫……
6.be __________ by/with 被……包围
achievement
eyes
for
eager
crowded
7.a sense of ___________ 成就感
8.keep your ________ open (for)留心；留意
9.charge sb.money ________ sth.为某物收某人钱
10.be ________ to do sth.渴望做某事
11.be ________ with 挤满；充满
精选佳句
教材原句
if
any
1.So what is the difference between them, ________ ________？
那么，如果有区别的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？
句式结构
句式 1：if 的省略结构
教材原句
2.The capital city London is a great place to start, ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that
has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 首都伦敦是一
个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯
到罗马时代。
as
it
is
an
ancient
port
city
句式结构
句式 2：as 引导原因状语从句
教材原句
3.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near
Trafalgar Square, where we could ________ ________ ________
________ ________.朱迪和我把我们的汽车停在了特拉法尔加广
场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车充电。
句式结构
get
our
car
battery
charged
句式 3：get＋宾语＋宾补
教材原句
while
4.On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin,
and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers ________ birds greet
the new day with their morning song.在山间一个宁静的早晨，感受
阳光照在你的皮肤上，呼吸到鲜花的芳香，而鸟儿用它们的晨歌
迎接新的一天。
句式结构
句式 4：while 连接的并列句
教材原句
it
is
not
surprising
that
5.With all this beauty, ________ ________ ________ ________
________ Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,
dancing, and dining.有了这些美景，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈
和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。
句式结构
句式 5：it 作形式主语
课文复现
Studying British history can help you understand 1.________ the
United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England mean.In the 16th
century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.In the 18th
century, Scotland was joined 2.__________ (create) the Kingdom of
Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added
to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.However,
the southern part of Ireland 3.________ (break) away from the UK,
which resulted 4.________ the full name we have today: the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
what
to create
broke
in
Although the four countries work together in some areas, they
still have some 5._____________ (different).The United Kingdom has
a long and interesting history to explore, 6.________ can help you
understand much more about the country and 7._______ (it) traditions.
No matter where you go in the UK, you will 8.________________
(surround) by evidence that four different groups of people who took
over at different times throughout history.Studying the history of the
country will make your visit much more 9.__________ (enjoy).The
UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new
and old 10.__________ (tradition).
differences
which
its
be surrounded
enjoyable
traditions
单句语法填空
1.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future
belongs ________ the well-educated.
2.This training programme can give you a lift at work, as well
________ increase your income by 40%.
3.All the people were fighting against the flood in ________
(defend) of their own homes.
to
as
defence
were surrounded
that
puzzled
puzzling
seated
4.The buses, most of which were already full, _______________
(surround) by an angry crowd.
5.There is a growing evidence ________ smoking can lead to
many diseases.
6.Judging from his _________ expression, this problem must be
quite _________.(puzzle)
7.When I came home last night, I saw my kid ________ (seat) on
the bed, with his whole attention fixed upon the book.
for
A
Approaching
8.In addition, I wonder how much you will charge me ________
the six-week course.
9.________ huge amount of environmental damage has been
caused by human activities.
10._______________ (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a
woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
1.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
【典例】
①He belongs to the golf club.他是高尔夫俱乐部的一员。
②All members have a sense of belonging and are willing to
devote themselves to the development of the community.所有成员都
有一种归属感，并且愿意为社区的发展奉献自己。
③He was told to pack up all of his letters and personal
belongings.他被告知整理好他的全部信件和个人物品。
【归纳】
belong to 属于
【点津】
belong to 既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态，其中
的 to 是介词；作后置定语时，用 belonging to 或含有 belong to 的
定语从句。
【拓展】
belongings n.财产；所有物
a sense of belonging 归属感
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
belongings
(1)Having sold most of his ___________ (belong), he almost had
nothing left in the house.
完成句子，每空一词
(2)离开餐馆前请带走属于你的所有东西。
Take everything __________ ________ ________ before leaving
the restaurant.
belonging
to
you
＝ Take everything ________ ________ ________ ________
before leaving the restaurant.
that
belongs
to
you
2.surround vt.围绕；包围
【典例】
①The lake is surrounded with/by trees and flowers.这个湖被绿
树和鲜花包围着。
②They all went out to look for the lost child in the surrounding
villages.他们都出去到周围的村子里寻找那个走失的孩子。
③ Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings, we feel
very happy.生活在美丽舒适的环境中，我们感到很幸福。
【归纳】
be surrounded by/with 被……包围
【拓展】
(1)surrounding adj.周围的
(2)surroundings n.环境
is surrounded
surrounded
surrounding
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)The whole city ____________ (surround) by water, making it
very beautiful.
(2)People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, ____________
(surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
(3)The __________ (surround) villages have been absorbed by
the growing city.
3.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到
【典例】
①To our satisfaction, we have made many achievements so far.
令我们满意的是，到目前为止，我们已经取得了许多成就。
②We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top
of the Great Wall.当我们到达长城之巅时，我们有一种巨大的成就
感。
③To achieve his goal, he takes full advantage of every minute.
为了实现他的目标，他充分利用每一分钟。
【归纳】
make an achievement/achievements 取得成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
【拓展】
(1)achieve vt.实现；达到；完成
achieve success 取得成功
achieve one's goal/dream 实现某人的目标/梦想
(2)achievable adj.可实现的
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)His great ___________ (achieve) is to make all the players into
a united team.
(2)Even a small success can give you ____________ sense of
achievement.
(3)It is often a good idea to start with smaller, easily __________
(achieve) goals.
achievement
a
achievable
4.charge n.收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
【典例】
①How much do you charge for the repairs ？ 你收多少修理
费？
②The company charged him with using the company's money
for his own purpose.公司指控他挪用公司的钱为自己谋私利。
③If you buy this machine, the delivery will be free of charge.如
果你购买这台机器，将免费送货。
④The company was badly organised until she took charge of it.
在她掌管这家公司之前，公司的管理一直很差。
【归纳】
charge sb.some money for (doing) sth. 因( 做) 某事向某人收取
费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.控告/ 指责
某人(做)某事
free of charge 免费
take charge (of) 主管/负责
in charge (of) 负责/掌管
in the charge of...由……负责
【点津】
in charge of 往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”；in
the charge of 往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。类似的短
语 还 有 ： in control of ( 控 制 ), in the control of (由……控制); in
possession of (拥有), in the possession of (被……拥有)。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
for
(1)He charged me 80 yuan ________ mending my computer.
(2)Museum's special exhibition area will now be free ________
charge.
of
in
the
charge
of
in
charge
of
完成句子，每空一词
(3)史密斯先生在老板不在时负责这家公司。
The company is ________ ________ ________ ________ Mr
Smith while the boss is away.
＝ Mr Smith is ________ ________ ________ the company
while the boss is away.
5.approach n.方法；途径；接近
vt.接近；接洽；着手处理
vi.靠近
【典例】
①I appreciate the teacher's new approach to teaching languages.
我欣赏这位老师教授语言的新方法。
②His spirits rose at the approach of the summer holiday.随着暑
假的来临，他的精神振奋起来。
③We must approach the problem from a different standpoint.我
们必须换一种角度来处理这个问题。
【归纳】
an approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径；通往……的
道路
the approach of...……的来临/临近
【点津】
an approach to...中的 to 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
【拓展】
表示“来临，靠近”的短语还有：be coming, draw near, be on
the way, be around the corner 等。
【即学即用】
接近
处理
方法
写出下列句子中 approach 的中文含义
(1)As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.
________
(2)Their domestic reforms did nothing to approach the problem
of unemployment.________
(3)We will be exploring different approaches to gathering
information.________
单句语法填空
working
(4)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from
them is the best approach to ________ (work) things out.
1.break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
【典例】
①Some hundred years later, the Great Flu Epidemic broke out in
1918, also known as the Spanish Flu, killing 50 million people.几百年
后，1918 年爆发了大流感，也被称为西班牙流感，造成 5000 万人
死亡。
②In order to improve your study, you should first break away
from your bad study habits.为了提高你的学习成绩，你首先应该改
掉你不良的学习习惯。
【拓展】
break down (机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(精神)崩溃；(谈判等)
失败；分解
break up 解散；分手；(婚姻、恋爱关系)破裂
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)爆发，发生
break in 插嘴；打断；闯入
break into 强行闯入
break through 取得突破
break off 中断；断开
down
off
out
【即学即用】
用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)He broke ________ as he thought of his failure to sell all his
papers.
(2)We were discussing our plans, but had to break ________
when the telephone rang.
(3)Dark clouds were gathering in the sky.War was soon to break
________.
up
through
(4)They say they work too hard and that is why so many of their
marriages break ________.
(5)Scientists think they are beginning to break ________ in the
fight against cancer.
2.as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
【典例】
①Dr Smith, as well as his wife and daughter, is going to visit
Beijing this summer.史密斯博士以及他的妻子和女儿将于今年夏天
访问北京。
②I wish I could speak English as well as he can.我希望自己英
语讲得跟他一样好。
③We are going to the cinema tonight, and why don't you come
along as well？我们今天晚上打算去看电影，你为什么不也一起来
呢？
【点津】
(1)当 as well as 连接并列主语时，句子的谓语要与 as well as
前的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。类似用法的
词 ( 组 ) 还 有 ： with, together with, along with, rather than, like,
including 等。
(2)主谓一致中，采用“就近原则”的有：neither...nor..., either...
or..., not only...but also..., not...but..., there be...。
(3)as well 意为“也”，置于肯定句句末。
(4)表示“与……一样好”的短语有 as well as 和 as good as，
其中 well 是副词，good 是形容词。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)Peter as well as his friends _______ (like) to listen to classical
music.
(2)To my surprise, Xiao Wang speaks English as ________ (good)
as Chinese.
(3)As well as ________ (go) to the movies and football matches
with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets.
likes
well
going
3.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
【典例】
①If you keep your eyes open, you will make few mistakes.如果
你留心一下，你就会很少犯错误。
②Many old people cannot keep up with the development of
technology.许多老年人不能跟上科技的发展。
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive society.
没有人能够完全远离这个竞争社会。
④Besides building up my body and enriching my knowledge,
they also keep me free from the heavy work of study. 除了让我强身
健体、丰富知识外，它们还让我免除了繁重的学习负担。
【拓展】
keep up with 跟上；赶上
keep away from 远离；避开；不接近
keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
keep (on) doing sth.一直做某事
keep in touch with...与……保持联系
keep...free from/of...使……免受(影响、伤害等)
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)Please keep your eyes open ________ a boy in a red sweater.
(2)We must keep them from ________ (get) to know our plans.
(3)Of course I can keep ________ touch with everyone through
the Internet.
for
getting
in
1.On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your
skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds
greet the new day with their morning song.(教材 P44)在山间一个
宁静的早晨，感受阳光照在你的皮肤上，呼吸到鲜花的芳香，而
鸟儿用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。
【剖析】 本句是复合句。句中 while 是并列连词，连接两个
分句，意为“而；然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。
【典例】
①(2023·北京卷·书面表达)While you are able to pick up a new
habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.虽
然你可以在几周内养成一个新习惯，但养成一个健康的习惯需要
几个月的时间。
②(2022·6 月浙江卷 · 读后续写)Some looked like they had
totally given up on life, while others seemed to be making the best of
the situation, smiling and joking.有些人看起来已经放弃了生活，而
另一些人似乎在充分利用这种情况，微笑着开玩笑。
连词 引导 含义
while 时间状语从句 当……时候；和……同时
让步状语从句 虽然；尽管
并列句 (表示对比)然而
③(2022·北京卷·完形填空)He must have been waiting there for
quite a while！他一定在那里等了很长时间了！
【点津】
连词 含义 用法
while 当……时候 从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词
when 当……时候 从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也
可以是非延续性动词
【拓展】
while 还可以作名词，意为“一段时间；一会儿”，其搭配有：
for a while (一会), after a while (一段时间之后), once in a while (偶
尔)。
【辨析】 while 与 when
【即学即用】
写出下列句子中 while 的中文含义
(1)(2022· 北京卷 · 完形填空)One Monday morning, while the
children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the
classroom to take a break.________________
(2)After walking for a while, the travellers found themselves lost
in the forest.____________
(3)While I am willing to help, I do not have much time
available.________________
(4)Tom is very good at science, while his brother does well in
literature.________
当……时
一会儿
虽然，尽管
然而
2.With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has
developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and
dining.(教材 P44)有了这些美景，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和
餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。
【剖析】 本句是复合句。It is/was surprising that...意为“……
是令人吃惊的”，it 在句中作形式主语，代指后面 that 引导的主语
从句。
【典例】
①(2022·全国甲卷·阅读理解 A)It is hard to name a comedy star
who hasn't been on the stage here.很难说出一个没有上过舞台的喜
剧明星的名字。
②(2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解 D)It is believed that today's children
and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of
sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.据信，如今的儿童
和青少年摄入的糖是建议水平的三倍，这使他们患上这种疾病的
风险更高。
③It takes twenty minutes to reach your place.到你的地方需要
20 分钟。
【归纳】
【即学即用】
单项语法填空
It
to
wasting
(1)________ took her a long time to push her way through the
crowd.
(2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解 A 改编)It is important _______
take careful notes during class.
(3)It is no use _______ (waste) time discussing how it happened.
补全句子，每空一词
It
is
a
pity
that
(4)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (很可惜)
the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century don't attract visitors.
【句型升级】
按要求完成句子
1.Setting a goal for yourself is important, which will make you
work harder than before.(改写句子)
Setting a goal for yourself is important, ________ you work
harder than before.
making
2.If it is necessary, we will have the old house pulled down.(用省
略句改写句子)
if necessary
We will have the old house pulled down ______________.
3.Poor sleep may result in overeating.You seek energy to relieve
your tiredness.(用 as 合并句子)
____________________________________________________
____________________
Poor sleep may result in overeating as you seek energy to relieve
your tiredness.
4.The Internet changed our life.At the same time it also brought
us some unexpected bad influence.(用 while 合并句子)
____________________________________________________
______________________________________
5.I have a lot of homework to do.I can't go out with you.(用
“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构改写句子)
__________________________, I can't go out with you.
The Internet changed our life while at the same time it also
brought us some unexpected bad influence.
With a lot of homework to do
【语篇写作】
根据提示，运用本单元的单词、短语、句型和适当的连词，
写一篇短文
1.随着高考的结束，有很多同学想去旅游来开拓自己的视野。
(broaden one's horizons)
2.如果想玩得更好、旅行顺利，你最好提前做好准备。(have a
better trip, make your trip smooth, ahead of time)
3.可以上网查阅当地的历史传统和风俗习惯，以及当地有名的
小吃。(surf the Internet, local history and custom, as well as)
参考范文：
As the end of the college entrance examination is approaching,
more and more students want to travel in order to broaden their
horizons.If you want to have a better trip and make your trip smooth,
you'd better make preparations ahead of time.You can surf the Internet
to study the local history and customs as well as famous snacks.
谢谢
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