中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【笔记详解】Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.【人教新目标八上英语】
本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级。
本单元的语法:学习形容词比较级。(语法:见课本第113页至115页)
本单元出现的形容词和副词的比较级:
long—longer(长的) tall--taller(高的) fast—faster(更快)
funny—funnier(更有趣) friendly—friendlier(更友好) early—earlier(更早)
lazy—lazier(更懒惰) high—higher(更高) hard—harder(更努力)
quiet—quieter(更安静,更内向)smart—smarter(更聪明) loud —louder(更响亮)
good\well--better (更好) many\much—more (更多) popular—more popular(更受欢迎)
loudly—more loudly(更响亮) outgoing--more outgoing(更外向/更开朗)
clearly—more clearly(更清楚) serious—more serious(更严肃)
hard-working—more hard-working(更努力)
形容词和副词的比较级讲解:
1.比较级表示两个人或物的比较。所用的句型为“比较级+than”(比…更…),若than前后所使用的的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词,后面的动词或助动词可以省略。注意比较的对象必须性质相同。
I am taller than my brother.我比我的弟弟高。
He is more outgoing than me.他比我外向。
2.比较级前,可以用much(更…,多得多…),a lot(更…,多得多…),even(更…,多得多…),a little(更...一些)来表示程度。
I am a little thinner than my sister.我比我的妹妹稍微瘦。
She is much more beautiful than her sister.她比她的妹妹更漂亮。
本单元的短语和知识点:
1.(P17,图片)Sam has longer hair than Tom.萨姆的头发比汤姆的长。
(1)longer是long的比较级,意为“较长的;更长的”。long的反义词是short。
This ruler is longer than that one. 这把尺子比那把尺子长。
than“比...”,用于形容词或副词的比较之后,引出比较的第二部分,并且比较的对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
My dictionary is more expensive than hers. 我的词典比她的贵。
注意:than连接两个有相同成分的句子时,后一个句子通常省略其与前一个句子相同的成分。
I am taller than he(is)/him.我比他更高。
play+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓
Both Sam and Tom can play the drums,but Sam plays them better than Tom.
萨姆和汤姆都会敲鼓,但是萨姆比汤姆敲得更好。
(1)both ...and ...意为“...和...都; 既...又...”,用来连接两个并列的句子成分。both…and…两者都(后面的动词用复数形式)
Both Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆都是学生。
2.(P18,2d)【教材原句】Did you like the singing competition yesterday,Anna
the singing competition 歌咏比赛
【教材原句】The one with shorter hair留着较短头发的那个。
with shorter hair在句中作定语,其中with为介词,意为“具有;带有...;有...的”。
I want to buy a house with a big garden.
我想买一栋带有大花园的房子。
拓展
① with意为“和…起”。
He is playing soccer with his friends 他正在和他的朋友们一起踢足球。
② with 意为“用;以;借”,强调使用具体的工具。
Please cut it with a knife请用刀把它切开。
【教材原句】But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
the most important 最重要的
something new 新的东西
have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
have fun doing sth.高高兴兴地做某事
3.(P20,1a)【教材原句】A good friend is good at sports.
be good at+名词\代词\V -ing:擅长,在某方面做得好
He is good at math.他擅长数学(math为名词)
I am good at playing basketball.我擅长打篮球。(play为动词)
4.(P20,1a)【教材原句】I think a good friend makes me laugh.
make sb do sth:让某人做某事
He makes me help him.他让我帮助他。
5.(P20,1b)【教材原句】For me,a good friend likes to do the same things as me.
the same as与…相同(对应短语)different from 不同于...
His book is the same as my book.他的书与我的书一样。
His book is different from my book.他的书与我的书不一样。
6. (P20,1b)【教材原句】Yes,and a good friend is talented in music,too.
be talented in sth:在某方面有天赋
He is talented in music.他在音乐方面有天赋。
7.(P21,2b,1段2行)【教材原句】My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.
be like:像…
The books are like friends.书像朋友。
8.(P21,2b,1段)
【教材原句】My best friend Yuan Li is quiet,too ,so we enjoy studying together.I’m shy so it's not easy for me to make friends.
make friends (with sb):(和某人)交朋友
He often makes friends with children.他经常和孩子们交朋友.
enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事
Tom enjoys reading.汤姆喜欢读书。
9.(P21,2b,2段)【教材原句】My best friend Larry is quite different from me.
be different from与…不同
My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样。
10.(P21,2b,2段)【教材原句】However,Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.
help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事
常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换
He often helps me (to) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。
= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。
help (to) do sth:帮助做某事
He often helps( to)cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。
11.(P21,2b,3段)【教材原句】I know she cares about me because she's always there to listen.
care about关心
My parents often care about my study.我的父母亲经常关心我的学习.
12.(P22,2d)
【教材原句】I'm different from Jeff because I'm louder than the other kids in my class.
【教材原句】My best friend is similar to Larry because shes less hard-working than me.
比较级表示最高级常用:
比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数
=比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数(用于一范围内一个与余下进行比较) 例如:
He is the tallest student in our class .(最高级)在我们班他是最高的学生。
= He is taller than any other student in our class.
= He is taller than the other students in our class.在我们班,他比其他的学生高。
(在我们班,他与他之外的其他的同学进行比较)
Shanghai is the biggest city in china.上海是中国最大的城市。
= Shanghai is bigger than the other cities in china.
= Shanghai is bigger than any other city in china.
13.(P24,4)【教材原句】be good with children
be good with sb:与某人相处很好
The teacher is good with students.这位老师与学生相处很好。
14.(P24,4)【教材原句】Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.
information为不可数名词,意为“信息;消息”。
常用短语get information about...意为“获得有关…的消息” ;a piece of information意为“一条消息”。
We can get much information about travel on the Internet.我们可以从网上获取大量有关旅游的信息。
单元语法 形容词和副词的比较级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较,表 示“更...”,用于说明“前者比后者更...”。
1.形容词和副词的比较级的构成
分类 构成方法 示例
规则 变化 一般情况在词尾加-er new→newer;fast→faster
以字母e结尾的词 在词尾加-r fine→finer;late→later
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母,再加-er hot→hotter;thin→thinner
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词 先变y为i,再加-er early→earlier; happy→happier
多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或less useful→more useful; carefully→more carefully
不规则变化 good/well→better bad/badly/ill→worse many/much→more little→less far→farther/further old→older/elder
助记巧记比较级的规则变化
比较级要变化,一般词尾加-er;词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r就可以;
一辅重读闭音节,单辅宇母要双写;辅音字母加y,要把 y 变i;
部分双音和多音节,只需把more或less词前加。
2.形容词和副词的比较级的用法
基本用法 用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较,表示“其中一个比另一个更…;较…”,后面用连词than引出比较的对象,即“比较级+than”结构。 当than前后所使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词,该动词或助动词可以省略 He is more popular than Jim in the school. 在学校里他比吉姆更受欢迎。 I like swimming better than Bill (does). 我比比尔更喜欢游泳。
其他常见用法 用比较级的结构表示最高级的含义时,要看比较范围是否包括被比较对象本身,如果包括,则须把本身排除,即“any other+单数名词”或“the other+复数名词”或the others Tom is taller than any other student our class. 汤姆是我们班最高的学生。
“A+系动词+the+比较级+of the two(十复数 名词)”意为“A是两者中比较...的” Ann is the more outgoing of the two. 安是这两人中比较外向的。
表示“越来越…”可以用“比较级+and+比较 级”结构;表示“越…就越…”可以用“The+ 比较级.,the+比较级... ” Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市越来越漂亮。 The more you eat,the fatter you are. 你吃得越多,就越胖。
表示两个人或事物作对比,并进行选择时,常用 句型:Which/What/Who+系动词+比较级,A or B Who is better at English,Bob or Mike 鲍勃和迈克谁更擅长英语
修饰语 有些词位于比较级前,用来进一步说明比较的程 度。这类的词有:much/a lot/far(…得多),a little / a bit(稍微更…一些),even(甚至更;还)等 My friend Bill is much smarter than me. 我的朋友比尔比我聪明得多。
注意:as...as 意为“与…一样…”,其否定形式为not as/so...as .,意为“前者不如后者…”,也是一种进行比较的形式,但第一个as后应用形容词或副词的原级。
He studies as hard as me.他学习和我一样努力。
即学即练
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.It's very (hot)today,and the radio says it will be even tomorrow.
2.Tom is (funny)than Tony.
3.My friend is a lot (serious)than me.
4.Sam is as ( hard-working)as Jack
5.Which is (strong),a tiger or an elephant
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.The building is than that one.
A.a lot tall B.more tall C.many tall D.much taller
2.She has books than you.
A.much B.more C.many D.most
3.This place is not big enough for Lucy's birthday party.We should find a one
A.big B.small C.smaller D.bigger
4.The more you smile, you will feel.
A.happier B.the happier C.more happily D.the more happily
5.—Which do you like ,English or Chinese
—Chinese.
A.better B.best C.good D.well
【即学即练答案速查】
I.1.hot;hotter 2 funnier 3.more serious 4.hard-working 5.stronger
Ⅱ.1.D 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A
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