中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第03辑（开学考试专辑）
专题08阅读理解说明文+议论文80题 解析版
目录
（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）Utah business owner Ed Wertz was looking for a way to stay active after his gym closed early in the pandemic. His wife suggested they try pickleball for a date night one evening. “We’ve played two to three times a week ever since,” the 7l-year-old says.
The couple joins more than 36 million Americans playing what has become the fastest-growing sport in the United States for three consecutive(连续的) years. “In a relatively short time, pickleball has already reached the levels of running, basketball and golf in popularity and the wide age range of people now playing indicates its growth will likely continue,” says Jim Edwards, a physical therapist and rehabilitation(康复) manager at Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation &. Sports Therapy in Ohio.
Originating in the United States in 1965, pickleball is a racquet(球拍) sport that combines elements of tennis, badminton, and ping pong. Played either one on one or two on two on a 20×44-foot court, players use a solid paddle to hit a hollow, perforated(穿孔的)plastic ball back and forth over a net.
As fun as participants say pickleball is to play, the sport’s primary benefit may be that it’s good for the body and mind. “Pickleball truly is a whole-body workout that improves cardiovascular health, assists with weight loss, and can help with balance, coordination, and flexibility,” says Matthew Anastasi, a physician and sports medicine specialist at Mayo Clinic. “It also provides a great opportunity for socialization and can reduce stress and provide mental health benefits.”
The sport was once thought of as a leisurely backyard activity for seniors and retirees, but data shows the average age of participants is now 35—with younger and younger players joining every year. “We now have people of all ages engaging in it, including celebrities like Taylor Swift, George Clooney, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Billie Eilish,” says Emily Hemendinger, a psychiatrist and outpatient clinical director at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. Even star athletes like Patrick Mahomes, Serena Williams, LeBron James, and Tom Brady have publicly shown their love of the sport.
1．Which sports has pickleball matched in terms of popularity
A．Football and basketball. B．Baseball and soccer.
C．Running, basketball and golf. D．Swimming and track and field.
2．What can be inferred about pickleball from the text
A．It is primarily played in backyards.
B．Only elderly people enjoy playing it.
C．It requires expensive equipment to play.
D．It has become more and more popular among younger people.
3．What might be the attitude of the celebrities mentioned towards pickleball
A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Indifferent. D．Tolerant.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Ed Wertz: Pickleball Pioneer at 71
B．Pickleball: The New National Pastime
C．Pickleball: Americn’s Fastest-Growing Sport
D．Sporting Trends: Pickleball Sweeps Across America
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国增长最快的运动——匹克球。
1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“In a relatively short time, pickleball has already reached the levels of running, basketball and golf in popularity-and the wide age range of people now playing indicates its growth will likely continue,(在相对较短的时间内，匹克球已经达到了跑步、篮球和高尔夫的受欢迎程度，现在打球的人年龄范围很广，这表明它的增长可能会继续。)”可知，匹克球的受欢迎程度和跑步、篮球和高尔夫差不多。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The sport was once thought of as a leisurely backyard activity for seniors and retirees, but data shows the average age of participants is now 35—with younger and younger players joining every year. (这项运动曾经被认为是老年人和退休人员的悠闲后院活动，但数据显示，参与者的平均年龄现在是35岁，每年都有越来越年轻的球员加入。)”可知，匹克球在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Even star athletes like Patrick Mahomes, Serena Williams, LeBron James, and Tom Brady have publicly shown their love of the sport.(就连Patrick Mahomes、Serena Williams、 LeBron James和Tom Brady等明星运动员也公开表示了他们对这项运动的热爱。)”以及上文明星所陈述的内容可知，文章提及的明星们对该运动是持积极态度的。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“The couple joins more than 36 million Americans playing what has become the fastest-growing sport in the United States for three consecutive(连续的) years. (这对夫妇与3600多万美国人一起参加了连续三年成为美国增长最快的运动。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍美国增长最快的运动——匹克球。所以C项Pickleball: Americn’s Fastest-Growing Sport(匹克球：美国发展最快的运动)符合语境。故选C项。
（24-25高三上·广东深圳·开学考试）Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems.
Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. “In our lab, crows have shown complicated numerical competence and careful consideration during decision-making,” said Dr. Melissa Johnston, a fellow at the University of Tübingen. In her recent work, Johnston and her team pushed these abilities to a new extreme, testing statistical reasoning.
In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time.
Statistical reasoning involves using limited information about a situation to draw conclusions and make decisions. People unknowingly use such cognitive ability every day. When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. Similarly, crows remembered and analyzed the connections between the images and the reward probabilities to make themselves get the most treats possible.
Crows once symbolized misfortune and death, causing them disliked even killed by people. Actually, they are among the few animals to adapt to urbanization successfully due to underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies do help change public views and improve our relationship with these lovely animals,” Johnston stated.
5．What makes crows’ intelligence possible
A．Their limitless abilities of tricks.
B．Their social leaning in the wild.
C．Their physical structure of brains.
D．Their training received in the lab.
6．Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 3
A．Instruct, task, and retest.
B．Train, perform, and record.
C．Assume, prove, and reflect.
D．Prepare, teach, and examine.
7．How does the author explain statistical inference in paragraph 4
A．By sharing a personal experience.
B．By quoting a previous study.
C．By making a detailed comparison.
D．By using a common example.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Food Prize Competition: Crows Choosing Rewards
B．Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with People
C．Beyond Tricks: Surprise of Crows’ Statistical Reasoning
D．Animal Behavior Study: Training Crows in Experiments
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乌鸦的高级智力，特别是它们在实验中展示的统计推理能力。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. (就其体型而言，乌鸦的大脑很大，前脑特别明显，与人类的统计和分析推理有关。)”可知，乌鸦的大脑结构，特别是前脑，使得它们具备统计和分析推理的能力。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time. (在实验中，首先训练两只乌鸦啄触摸屏上的各种图像，以获得食物；渐渐地，他们不得不在这两幅图像中做出选择，每幅图像都对应着不同的奖励概率。约翰斯顿详细介绍说：“乌鸦的任务是学习相当抽象的量，然后以奖励最大化的方式应用这些信息组合。”。经过10天的训练和5000次试验，两只乌鸦设法选择了更高的奖励概率，显示了它们使用统计推断的能力。令研究人员惊讶的是，即使在一个月没有训练的情况下，乌鸦每次都表现得很好。)”可推知，在实验中，研究人员首先指导乌鸦识别触摸屏上的图像，然后布置任务，让乌鸦在不同的图像之间做出选择，然后重新测试，发现即使一个月没有训练，乌鸦仍然能够表现得很好。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. (当我们为社交聚会选择咖啡馆时，我们的大脑会自动权衡从过去的观察中收集到的统计数据，并倾向于更能满足需求的咖啡馆。)”可推知，作者通过一个常见的例子来解释统计推理。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems. (无论是恶作剧还是在野外举行葬礼，乌鸦都以其意想不到的能力让公众感到惊讶。但他们的“智慧”是无限的。发表在《当代生物学》上的一项新研究首次揭示，乌鸦可以使用统计逻辑来解决问题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了乌鸦不仅能在野外玩把戏，还能通过统计推理解决问题，这超出了人们对它们智力的预期。故选C。
（24-25高三上·广东深圳·开学考试）For many years researchers focused on what people know about science, thinking that “To know science is to love it.” But do people who think they know science actually know science A new study led by Cristina Fonseca of the Genetics Society, Laurence Hurst of the Milner Centre for Evolution (进化) reveals that people with strong attitudes tend to believe they understand science, while neutrals (中立者) are less certain. Absolute attitudes, both for and against, build on high self-confidence in knowledge about science.
The study performed a survey of over 2,000 UK adults, asking them both about their attitudes to science and their belief in their own understanding. Questions focused on genetic (基因的) science, for example, “How would you rate your understanding of what the term DNA means ” All individuals were scored from zero (they know they have no understanding) to one (they are confident that they understand). The results suggest that those at the attitudinal extremes — both strongly supportive and firmly opposing — have very high self-belief in their own comprehension, while those answering neutrally do not.
Psychologically, the team suggests, this makes sense: to hold a strong opinion you need to strongly believe in the correctness of your interpretation of the basic facts. Results of previous studies also indicate that those more accepting of science both believe they understand it and score well on the textbook fact (true/false) questions. By contrast, people with strong negative attitudes to science tend to be overconfident about their level of understanding.
Whether it be climate change or GM foods, important science can inspire strong and opposing attitudes. Understanding how to communicate science requires an awareness of why people may hold such different attitudes to it. When it was thought that what mattered most for scientific literacy was scientific knowledge, science communication focused on passing information from scientists to the public. However, this approach may not be successful, and in some cases can have adverse effects. Working to address the gap between what people know and what they believe they know may be a better strategy.
9．What is the new study mainly about
A．An assessment of people’s interest in genetics.
B．A survey of various attitudes towards evolution.
C．A report of people’s general knowledge of science.
D．An analysis of factors on people’s belief in science.
10．Why does the author mention previous studies in paragraph 3
A．To support the findings of the study.
B．To clarify the concept of confidence.
C．To stress the importance of basic facts.
D．To compare different research methods.
11．What does the underlined word “adverse” mean in the last paragraph
A．Random.
B．Negative.
C．Indirect.
D．Favorable.
12．As for science communication, which would the author agree with
A．It should help people boost confidence.
B．It should focus on scientific knowledge.
C．It should inspire people to score well in tests.
D．It should emphasize objective awareness of oneself.
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，本文围绕人们对于科学信仰展开，一项研究表明，态度强硬的人倾向于认为自己了解科学，而态度中立的人对此不太确定。绝对的态度建立在对科学知识的高度自信之上。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The study performed a survey of over 2,000 UK adults, asking them both about their attitudes to science and their belief in their own understanding.(这项研究对2000多名英国成年人进行了调查，询问他们对科学的态度和对自己理解的信念)”可知，该研究主要以影响人们科学信仰的因素分析展开。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Psychologically, the team suggests, this makes sense: to hold a strong opinion you need to strongly believe in the correctness of your interpretation of the basic facts. Results of previous studies also indicate that those more accepting of science both believe they understand it and score well on the textbook fact (true/false) questions.(该团队认为，从心理学上讲，这是有道理的：要持有强烈的观点，你需要坚信自己对基本事实的解释是正确的。之前的研究结果也表明，那些更接受科学的人认为他们理解它，并在教科书的事实（正确/错误）问题上获得高分)”可知，作者提及之前的研究是为了支持这项研究的结果，即，那些态度极端的人——包括强烈支持和坚决反对——对自己的理解有很高的自信。故选A。
11．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“However, this approach may not be successful(然而，这种方法可能不会成功)”及“and in some cases can have(在一些情况下可能有)”及“effects(影响)”可知，这种方法不会成功，甚至在一些情况下会有更消极的影响，划线词adverse和negative意思相近。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Working to address the gap between what people know and what they believe they know may be a better strategy.(努力解决人们知道的和他们认为他们知道的之间的差距可能是一个更好的策略)”可知，作者认为在科学传播上，应努力解决人们主观上和客观的认知差距，即，应强调客观的自我意识。故选D。
（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective.
A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school.
The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently- sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls.
Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could contradict the adult’s claim.
These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs.
The study’s implications extend beyond childhood. Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony（证词） of others rather than personal experience.
So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.
13．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The methodology of the study. B．The conclusion of the study.
C．The significance of the study. D．The theoretical basis of the study.
14．Which child’s response matches the empirical stance
A．Taylor believes what the teacher says no matter what.
B．Jordan thinks the earth is flat because his father says so.
C．Emma assumes the watermelon is sweet and then tastes it.
D．Maya suspects there are monsters living in trees as the story says.
15．What lesson could adults learn from children
A．Rejecting complex concepts. B．Never trusting anyone.
C．Learning from their own experience. D．Counting on others’ testimony.
16．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To highlight the importance of adult’s role in children’s education and growth.
B．To advocate for a more empirical approach to belief formation across all ages.
C．To clarify a misunderstanding about elementary school students’ learning ability.
D．To persuade adults to help children rid themselves of wrong ideas about the world.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．C 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究探讨了儿童如何应对违背常识的说法。实验中，孩子们被要求判断不同大小的玩偶哪个最重。结果显示，尽管儿童最初相信成人的说法，但小学阶段的孩子会通过实验验证这些说法，从而更新自己的认知。这表明儿童在面对新信息时具备经验主义倾向。
13．段落大意题。根据第三段中“Each child was presented with five differently- sized objects made from painted Russian dolls.”（每个孩子面前都有五个大小不同的用俄罗斯彩绘娃娃制作的物品。）以及“The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest.”（孩子们自然而然地认为最小的娃娃最轻，最大的娃娃最重。当被要求找出最重的物体时，大多数孩子都选择了最大的那个。然后，成人要么同意孩子们的选择，要么声称最小的娃娃是最重的。）可知第三段主要描述了研究的具体方法，包括研究对象、实验设计和过程，故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect.”（发表在《发展心理学》上的一项研究探讨了儿童对与他们通常想法相反的想法的反应，以及他们是否将这些想法与他们的期望进行核对。）可知Emma假设西瓜是甜的，然后品尝验证，符合文章主旨，故选C项。
15．推理判断题。倒数第三段中“By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs”（到了小学，他们会通过寻找新的证据来系统地检验这些说法，然后利用这些证据来更新自己的信念）可知，成年人可以从孩子身上学到从自身经验中学习的道理。故选C项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect.”（发表在《发展心理学》上的一项研究探讨了儿童对与他们通常想法相反的想法的反应，以及他们是否将这些想法与他们的期望进行核对。）以及“This way of checking, known as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school.”（这种被称为“经验立场”的检查方式在孩子们上小学时就已经显现出来了。）并结合通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了儿童如何通过经验验证来形成信念，并建议各年龄段的人都应更多地采用这种经验立场，故选B项。
（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）When we, as humans, get slightly injured, we treat our own wounds. Even sometimes we go to see doctors. But in the wild animal kingdom, medical care is much different. For one Sumatran orangutan (猩猩) , a facial wound maybe lethal because it could cause infection and pain. However, the large orange primate (灵长目动物) found a way to treat himself using a native-growing plant.
Rakus, a Sumatran orangutan, lives in Suaq Balimbing, Indonesia. Sumatran orangutans, with only about 14, 613 surviving, are faced with dying out. Biologists study the great apes in their habitats. When they noticed Rakus' wound they paid attention to it. But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning to his wound, creating a protective layer over the wound.
The plant is known for reducing pain and preventing infection, but it is not a food for the local orangutans.
Biologists say, “It is possible that Rakus brought this knowledge from his birthplace. Therefore, it is possible that the behavior is shown by more individuals like him outside the Suaq research area.”
Luckily for Rakus, his treatment worked and his wound was cured without incident. While other examples of great apes treating wounds have been recorded, the selective treatment of only the wound and the layering of plant material in different consistencies were marvelous (了不起的) .
According to the biologists, this remarkable observation is the first report of active wound management with a biological active substance in a great ape species and provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives.
17．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph I probably mean
A．Deadly. B．Avoidable C．Curable D．Obvious.
18．What surprised biologists about Rakus during their research
A．It feeds on Akar Kuning-a local plant B．Its habitats has been destroyed wholly.
C．It can't deal with its wounds timely D．It uses a native plant to cure itself
19．Which is right about the observation on Sumatran orangutans
A．It focuses on animal protection
B．It first brought in biological active materials
C．It makes for knowing well of self-medication in the species
D．It makes a big difference to saving apes in danger
20．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A news report B．A science fiction
C．A geographic magazine D．A poster about endangered animals
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现一只苏门答腊猩猩可以用一种本土的植物来疗伤。
17．词句猜测题。根据第一段“because it could cause infection and pain (因为它会引起感染和疼痛)”可知，苏门答腊猩猩面部的伤可能是致命的，因为会导致感染或者疼痛，所以推测划线词意思是“致命的”。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning to his wound, creating a protective layer over the wound. (但是三天后发生的事使他们吃惊。拉库斯在伤口上涂了一种叫做阿卡·库宁的植物，在伤口上形成了一层保护层。)”可知，Rakus用一种本地植物来治愈自己，这让生物研究者深感惊讶。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“this remarkable observation is the first report of active wound management with a biological active substance in a great ape species and provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives. (这一引人注目的观察结果是首次报道在类人猿物种中使用生物活性物质进行主动伤口治疗，并为我们最近的亲戚中存在自我药物治疗提供了新的见解。)”可知，关于苏门答腊猩猩的观察，让我们对这个物种的自我治疗有了更好的了解。故选C项。
20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，该文主要讲述苏门答腊猩猩可以用一种本土的植物来疗伤。故推知文章可能摘自新闻报道。故选A项。
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Noise-canceling headphones are widespread nowadays, but scientists have found a way to take these devices to the next level—by creating headphones that can focus on one external sound source and block out all other noises.
The technology, called “Target Speech Hearing (TSH),” uses artificial intelligence (AI) to let the wearer face a speaker nearby and-after a delay of a couple of seconds-lock onto their voice. This lets the user hear only that specific audio source, maintaining the signal even if the speaker moves around or turns away.
“We tend to think of AI now as web-based chatbots(聊天机器人) that answer questions,” said the study lead author, Shyam Gollakota, professor of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington. “In this project, we develop AI to modify the auditory perception of anyone wearing headphones, given their preferences. With our devices you can now hear a single speaker clearly even if you are in a noisy environment with lots of other people talking,” Gollakota said in a statement.
TSH follows on from research the same scientists conducted into “semantic hearing” last year. In that project, they created an AI-powered smartphone app that could be paired with headphones, which let the wearer choose to hear from a list of preset “classes” while canceling out all other noises. For example, a wearer could choose to hear alarms, babies, speech or birds-and the headphones would single out only those noises and block out all others. To use TSH, the wearer faces straight in front of the speaker whose voice they wish to hear, before tapping a small button on the headphones to activate the system when positioned correctly.
For now, TSH can only enroll a single audio source, or a single speaker, at any one time, and it’s less successful if there’s another noise of a similar volume coming from the same direction.
21．What can noise-canceling headphones do
A．Block out all sounds. B．Restore listening loss.
C．Concentrate on all sounds. D．Identify the source of a specific sound.
22．What can we know from Paragraph 2
A．The headphones’ initial draft. B．The headphones’ imperfection.
C．The headphones’ working mechanism. D．The headphones’ operating components.
23．Which does Gollakota most likely agree to
A．TSH is designed to change the wearer’s preferences.
B．TSH enables clear listening despite noises around.
C．TSH is actually a question-answering chatbot.
D．TSH can be used to address noise pollution.
24．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers about an advancement in auditory technology.
B．To give an account of AI’s application to facial recognition.
C．To educate readers about the innovative development in AI.
D．To honor an outstanding computer scientist and engineer.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。科学家们找到了将降噪耳机提升到新高度的方法——通过制造一款能够专注于外部声源并屏蔽所有其他噪音的耳机。这项名为“目标语音听力”的技术利用人工智能，让佩戴者面对附近的说话者，并在几秒钟的延迟后锁定他们的声音。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Noise-canceling headphones are widespread nowadays, but scientists have found a way to take these devices to the next level-by creating headphones that can focus on one external sound source and block out all other noises.(降噪耳机现在很普遍，但科学家们已经找到了一种方法，将这些设备提升到一个新的水平——制造一种可以专注于一个外部声源的耳机，并屏蔽所有其他噪音)”可知，这款耳机能够专注于一个外部声源并屏蔽所有其他噪音。故选D。
22．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The technology, called “Target Speech Hearing (TSH),” uses artificial intelligence (AI) to let the wearer face a speaker nearby and-after a delay of a couple of seconds-lock onto their voice.(这项技术被称为“目标语音听力(TSH)”，它使用人工智能让佩戴者面对附近的扬声器，并在几秒钟后锁定他们的声音)”可知，文章第二段介绍了此款耳机的工作机制。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With our devices you can now hear a single speaker clearly even if you are in a noisy environment with lots of other people talking,” Gollakota said in a statement.(有了我们的设备，即使你在一个有很多人说话的嘈杂环境中，你也可以清楚地听到一个扬声器的声音，”Gollakota在一份声明中说)”可知，Gollakota认为目标语音听力TSH能使人在周围有噪音的情况下清晰地倾听。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Noise-canceling headphones are widespread nowadays, but scientists have found a way to take these devices to the next level-by creating headphones that can focus on one external sound source and block out all other noises.(降噪耳机现在很普遍，但科学家们已经找到了一种方法，将这些设备提升到一个新的水平——制造一种可以专注于一个外部声源的耳机，并屏蔽所有其他噪音)”可知文章介绍了一项名为“目标语音听力”的技术应用于一款专注于一个外部声源并屏蔽所有其他噪音的耳机，这是属于“auditory technology（听觉技术）”方面的一个发展。作者为了向读者介绍听觉技术的进步。故选A。
（24-25高三上·湖北·开学考试）As China’s cities grow, they are also sinking. An estimated 16 percent of the country’s major cities are losing more than 10 millimeters of height per year and nearly half are losing more than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study published in the journal Science.
“Land subsidence (下沉) is a problem that almost exists everywhere,” said Robert Nicholls, a climate scientist and civil engineer at the University of East Anglia who reviewed the paper, “To my knowledge, this study is the first to measure land subsidence across many urban areas using state-of-the-art radar (雷达) data from satellites. I believe the majority of the adaptation strategies that we have, and the plans to fight climate change, are inaccurate, just because they did not include land subsidence. Land subsidence is an unheeded problem. It hasn’t been studied the way, for example, sea level rise has been studied.”
The new study was based on satellite radar measurements of how much the ground surface in 82 major cities, accounting for three-quarters of the urban population, moved up or down between 2015 and 2022. The researchers compared these measurements to data on potential contributing factors. Subsidence in these cities is caused in part by the pure weight of buildings, the study found. Groundwater extraction (开采) underneath the cities also plays a role, as do oil drilling and coal mining. These activities leave empty space underground where soil and rocks can press together or collapse.
Being below sea level doesn’t mean a city is automatically destroyed. Much of the Netherlands is below sea level and sinking, but the country has been extensively engineered to prevent flooding in places and to accommodate it in others. Shanghai is already limiting groundwater extraction and is sinking more slowly than other cities. In Japan, groundwater management over the years has proved successful. “It’s difficult to stop subsidence entirely,” Dr. Nicholls said, “You’ve got to live with what’s left. “
25．What do the figures in paragraph 1 imply
A．Cities grow at an alarming speed. B．Cities face fierce climate change.
C．Land subsidence is under control. D．Land subsidence is an urgent issue.
26．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “unheeded” in paragraph 2
A．Ignored. B．Identified. C．Undefined. D．Overestimated.
27．What may contribute to land subsidence in cities according to the passage
A．Energy extraction. B．Overuse of farmland.
C．Population expansion. D．Uneven distribution of water.
28．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．City planning calls for joint efforts.
B．Groundwater is to blame for land sinking.
C．Measures can be taken to ease subsidence.
D．Flooding prevention deserves further research.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地面下沉问题的背景、原因和一些应对措施。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“An estimated 16 percent of the country’s major cities are losing more than 10 millimeters of height per year and nearly half are losing more than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study published in the journal Science. (根据《科学》杂志发表的一项新研究，估计该国16%的主要城市每年高度下降超过10毫米，近一半的城市每年下降超过3毫米。)”可知，第一段的数字意味着地面沉降问题严重，是一个亟需解决的问题。故选D。
26．词句猜测题。根据第二段“I believe the majority of the adaptation strategies that we have, and the plans to fight climate change, are inaccurate, just because they did not include land subsidence. Land subsidence is an unheeded problem. It hasn’t been studied the way, for example, sea level rise has been studied.” (我认为，我们现有的大多数适应策略和应对气候变化的计划都是不准确的，因为它们没有包括地面沉降。地面沉降是一个unheeded问题。它还没有被研究过，例如，海平面上升已经被研究过了。”)”可知，地面沉降问题还没有像是海平面上升那样被研究过，由此可推知，地面沉降问题是未被注意的，划线单词表示“未被注意的”，与Ignored意义相近。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段“Subsidence in these cities is caused in part by the pure weight of buildings, the study found. Groundwater extraction (开采) underneath the cities also plays a role, as do oil drilling and coal mining. (研究发现，这些城市的沉降部分是由建筑物的纯粹重量造成的。城市地下的地下水开采也发挥了作用，石油钻探和煤炭开采也是如此。)”可知，建筑物的重量、城市地下水开采以及能源开采是造成地面下沉的原因。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Being below sea level doesn’t mean a city is automatically destroyed. Much of the Netherlands is below sea level and sinking, but the country has been extensively engineered to prevent flooding in places and to accommodate it in others. Shanghai is already limiting groundwater extraction and is sinking more slowly than other cities. In Japan, groundwater management over the years has proved successful. (低于海平面并不意味着一座城市会自动被摧毁。荷兰的大部分地区都在海平面以下，正在下沉，但该国已经进行了广泛的工程设计，以防止某些地方发生洪水，并在其他地方适应洪水。上海已经在限制地下水开采，而且下沉速度比其他城市慢。在日本，多年来的地下水管理已被证明是成功的。)”可推知，采取有效措施后，地面沉降问题可以被缓解，即可以采取措施缓解地面沉降。故选C。
（24-25高三上·广东深圳·开学考试）“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from... The list would largely be accurate, the concern reasonable. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed, and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological advances, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very intelligent. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have actually fallen during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate (波动), in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to fail, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it.
29．According to the author, most students_________________.
A．believe the world’s environment is in an undesirable condition
B．get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s environment
C．agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be
D．appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world’s environment
30．What does Paragraph 2 imply
A．The environment remains relatively healthy.
B．The world is heavily polluted by toxic and dangerous air.
C．Environmental problems in poor countries are not likely to be solved.
D．The earth are seriously affected by growing populations and rising output.
31．Why have energy and mineral prices generally fallen during the century
A．The planet has unlimited raw materials. B．New sources and substitutes are found.
C．Government regulated prices heavily. D．Demand for these materials hardly decreased.
32．What is the primary solution to environmental problems
A．Limiting consumption of natural resources.
B．Allowing market forces to function properly.
C．Controlling the growth of the world population.
D．Sharing the ownership of resources among the public.
【答案】29．A 30．A 31．B 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了尽管全球人口和产出大幅增长，但世界环境仍然保持着出人意料的健康状态。这主要归功于价格机制、技术创新、社会变革以及政府针对公众压力所采取的监管措施。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from... The list would largely be accurate, the concern reasonable.(如果这是一个考试题目，大多数学生都会把它撕成碎片，提出一长串的抱怨:从当地的雾霾到全球气候变化，从……这份清单在很大程度上是准确的，担忧是合理的)”可知，大多数学生认为世界的环境是在一个不受欢迎的状况。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Indeed, if people lived, consumed, and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological advances, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.(事实上，如果人们还像1900年（或者1950年，甚至1980年）那样生活、消费和生产东西，现在的世界将是一个相当令人作呕的地方:臭、脏、有毒、危险。但他们没有。他们不这样做的原因，以及环境没有被破坏的原因，与价格、技术进步、社会变革和政府应对民众压力的监管有关。这就是为什么今天贫穷国家的环境问题在原则上应该是可以解决的)”可知，环境相对健康。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have actually fallen during the century. The same is true for food.(实际情况是，每当一种材料似乎即将短缺时，价格就会上涨，作为回应，人们就会寻找新的供应来源，试图找到减少使用这种材料的方法，或者寻找新的替代品。由于这个原因，能源和矿产的价格在本世纪实际上已经下降)”可知，能源和矿产价格在本世纪普遍下跌因为新的来源和替代品被发现。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to fail, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it.(只有在价格和市场不能正常运转的地方，这种良好的趋势才会开始失效，真正的问题才会出现。市场不可能总是保持环境健康。如果没有人拥有相关资源，就没有人有兴趣保护或培育它)”可推知，作者认为，解决环境问题的首要方法是让市场力量正常运作。故选B。
（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试）“There’s nothing more truly artistic than to love people,” said the famous painter Vincent van Gogh. The spirit of that comment might support new research findings that show spending just 30 minutes in an arts and culture museum has a number of positive mental health benefits, including measurably reducing the stress hormone (激素).
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania reviewed more than 100 studies that explore the emotional experience of visiting a museum, and Katherine Cotter, a postdoctoral fellow, concluded that museum visits yield mental health benefits. “When we enter a museum, we’reentering it with an intention,” Cotter told the PBS station.
Visiting a museum, she added, draws us away from the time and place where we live and pulls us into the experience of seeing the world through another person’s eyes. “We engage different mindsets and different cognitive(认知的) processes,” she said. “Once we get into the center of the museum visit, we see ourselves more concerned communally (共同地), thinking about how things are interrelated in the world more broadly.”
Walking through an art museum, large or small, is about more than spending time in a cool, quiet and interesting space. Notably, Cotter identified a reduction in feelings of loneliness as one of the mental health benefits of visiting art museums.
Part of the reason for this could be the communal experience of observing artworks together with other like- minded individuals. But it is also the art itself that brings us into a feeling of connection with other human beings — creators, thinkers, observers— who remind us that each of us has a point of view, something to say and something to teach and learn from the world around us.
And so we return to van Gogh’s observation. Perhaps we benefit from expanding our view of the world by exploring art and culture, in part, because the experience of being human is in itself just that — an art form.
33．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Vincent van Gogh was a famous writer.
B．30 minutes is enough for visiting a museum.
C．Visiting museums is a way to relieve pressure.
D．People visit museums for different purposes.
34．How did researchers at the University of Pennsylvania conduct the research
A．By doing psychological experiments.
B．By reviewing previous studies.
C．By visiting different museums.
D．By concluding mental health benefits.
35．According to Katherine Cotter, what happens when we visit a museum
A．We observe the world in different views.
B．We stop thinking about our daily lives.
C．We become more self- centered.
D．We show great interest in art and culture.
36．What is the best title of the text
A．Museum Visit Is the Best Emotional Experience
B．Changing Your Worldview Can Change Your Life
C．Visiting an Art Museum Is Good for Mental Health
D．Museums Create Environments for Better Learning
【答案】33．C 34．B 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的研究发现，参观艺术和文化博物馆对心理健康有许多积极的好处。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The spirit of that comment might support new research findings that show spending just 30 minutes in an arts and culture museum has a number of positive mental health benefits, including measurably reducing the stress hormone (激素).(该评论的精神可能支持新的研究成果，即仅仅在艺术和文化博物馆中度过30分钟，就会带来许多积极的心理健康益处，包括可测量的减少压力激素。)”可知，我们可以从第一段中得知参观博物馆是一种缓解压力的方式。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania reviewed more than 100 studies that explore the emotional experience of visiting a museum, and Katherine Cotter, a postdoctoral fellow, concluded that museum visits yield mental health benefits.(宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员回顾了100多项关于参观博物馆情感体验的研究，博士后研究员凯瑟琳·科特得出结论，参观博物馆有益于心理健康。)”可知，他们是通过回顾先前的研究来进行研究的。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Visiting a museum, she added, draws us away from the time and place where we live and pulls us into the experience of seeing the world through another person’s eyes.(她补充说，参观博物馆使我们远离了生活的时间和地点，让我们通过另一个人的眼睛去看世界。)”可知，参观博物馆会使我们以不同的视角观察世界。因此，当我们参观博物馆时，我们会从不同的视角看待世界。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The spirit of that comment might support new research findings that show spending just 30 minutes in an arts and culture museum has a number of positive mental health benefits, including measurably reducing the stress hormone (激素).(该评论的精神可能支持新的研究成果，即仅仅在艺术和文化博物馆中度过30分钟，就会带来许多积极的心理健康益处，包括可测量的减少压力激素。)可知，文章首段提出话题，新的研究发现，在艺术和文化博物馆即使呆30分钟对心理健康也有许多积极的好处。下文对此进行详细介绍。由此可知，C项：Visiting an Art Museum Is Good for Mental Health(参观艺术博物馆有益于心理健康)符合题意，适合作文章标题。故选C。
（24-25高三上·甘肃白银·阶段练习）Recently, three engineers at the University of Glasgow have designed and built an innovative AI-based drone (无人机) system that can assist in search efforts for hikers lost in the wilderness. They have published a paper describing their efforts on the preprint server.
Hiking in the Scottish Highlands has become a popular activity over the past several decades. The landscape offers a wide variety of remote locations that allow hikers to get back to nature. But such hiking can be disastrous— hikers can get lost or injured. Many find themselves in need of assistance every year. Because of that, emergency teams use both traditional and modern techniques to find those who are lost or have become disabled for some reasons.
In recent years, searchers have begun to use drones— their higher point allows for covering more land more quickly than searching on foot. It helps spot and locate things precisely that searchers aren’t able to see from the ground. In this new effort, the team wondered if adding AI to drone technology could improve the search for lost hikers.
To find out it, they created an AI model using data sets showing the paths taken by people who were lost and then found by search parties around the world. They also added relevant data, such as participants’ age, their reasons for hiking, and details about whether they were walking alone, or using some other form of transportation like horseback riding. They noted geographical information regarding both the path taken by those who were lost and where they were found, such as rivers, streams, roads or open ground. They then added data specific to Scotland’s geography. They ran the model millions of times, each representing a simulated search, until it narrowed down the most probable paths a lost hiker would take. The drone would then be instructed to search those paths first.
In testing their system against traditional approaches-- such as“the lawn mower” sweeping technique used to find actual hikers— the new approach found lost hikers more often. The researchers say they need more data to make their system more accurate and eventually result in a tool that could be used to save lives.
37．What do we know about the AI-based drone system
A．It is a boost to search techniques.
B．It has replaced traditional search methods.
C．It has been employed in searches for decades.
D．It is excluded from searches in the Scottish Highlands.
38．What mainly makes AI drones effective in finding lost hikers
A．Fast photo taking. B．Accurate positioning.
C．Quick landing ability. D．Precise image analysis.
39．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．How the AI drones were invented.
B．How relevant data affected hikers’ paths.
C．How hikers got geographical information.
D．How the AI model improved drone search strategies.
40．How do the researchers propose to improve the new searching approach
A．By perfecting the related data.
B．By equipping hikers with AI tools.
C．By abandoning the current system.
D．By increasing search practice frequency.
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．D 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了格拉斯哥大学的三位工程师设计并构建了一个基于AI的无人机系统，该系统旨在辅助在荒野中迷路徒步者的搜救工作。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Recently, three engineers at the University of Glasgow have designed and built an innovative AI-based drone（无人机）system that can assist in search efforts for hikers lost in the wilderness.(最近，格拉斯哥大学的三名工程师设计并制造了一种创新的基于人工智能的无人机系统，可以帮助寻找在荒野中迷路的徒步旅行者。)”和第三段“In recent years, searchers have begun to use drones— their higher point allows for covering more land more quickly than searching on foot. It helps spot and locate things precisely that searchers aren’t able to see from the ground.(近年来，搜索人员已经开始使用无人机，因为无人机的海拔较高，可以比步行搜索更快地覆盖更多的陆地。它有助于精确地发现和定位搜索人员无法从地面上看到的东西。)”可知，这个基于AI的无人机系统是为了改进对迷路徒步者的搜救工作而设计的。它结合了无人机技术和AI技术，通过模拟和数据分析来确定最可能的迷路路径，从而提高了搜救效率。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In recent years, searchers have begun to use drones— their higher point allows for covering more land more quickly than searching on foot. It helps spot and locate things precisely that searchers aren’t able to see from the ground.(近年来，搜索人员已经开始使用无人机，因为无人机的海拔较高，可以比步行搜索更快地覆盖更多的陆地。它有助于精确地发现和定位搜索人员无法从地面上看到的东西。)”可知，该无人机系统的有效性来自于它精确的定位能力。故选B。
39．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“To find out it, they created an AI model using data sets showing the paths taken by people who were lost and then found by search parties around the world.(为了找到答案，他们利用数据集创建了一个人工智能模型，这些数据集显示了世界各地失踪人员所走的路径，然后被搜索方找到。)”、“They then added data specific to Scotland’s geography. They ran the model millions of times, each representing a simulated search, until it narrowed down the most probable paths a lost hiker would take. The drone would then be instructed to search those paths first.(然后，他们添加了苏格兰地理的特定数据。他们将这个模型运行了数百万次，每次都代表一次模拟搜索，直到它缩小了迷路的徒步旅行者可能走的最可能的路径。然后，无人机将被指示首先搜索这些路径。)”可知，第四段详细描述了研究团队如何创建AI模型，并使用该模型来改进无人机搜索策略。他们使用了包括迷路者路径、年龄、徒步原因、是否独自行走等数据集，并加入了地理信息和苏格兰特有的地理数据。通过运行这个模型数百万次，模拟搜索过程，最终确定了最可能的迷路路径，并指示无人机首先搜索这些路径。因此，该段主要讨论的是AI模型如何改进无人机的搜索策略。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers say they need more data to make their system more accurate and eventually result in a tool that could be used to save lives.(研究人员表示，他们需要更多的数据来使他们的系统更准确，并最终产生一种可用于拯救生命的工具。)”可知，研究人员认为需要更多的数据来完善他们的系统，以提高其准确性，并最终将其开发成一个可以挽救生命的工具。因此，他们提出通过完善相关数据来改进新的搜索方法。故选A。
（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试）A new study led by Michigan State University researchers shows a significant increase in telemedicine (远程医疗) services offered by US hospitals from 2017 to 2022, while also highlighting continuous barriers to its full implementation (执行).
The comprehensive analysis of telemedicine adoption in US hospitals during these years reveals both significant progress and ongoing challenges in the health care sector’s digital transformation. The study, published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, found that the percentage of hospitals offering at least one form of telemedicine service increased from 46% in 2017 to 72% in 2021.
Led by Xuefeng Jiang, Eli Broad Endowed Professor of accounting and information systems at Michigan State University, the research team analyzed data from the American Hospital Association’s annual surveys, which provides information about electronic medical records, health information exchange barriers, reporting, and degree of electronic transition (过渡), to explain telemedicine’s growth and the barriers preventing its full potential.
“Our findings demonstrate the rapid development of telemedicine adoption,” said Jiang.“ However, we also uncovered significant differences in implementation across different hospital types and continuous challenges in health information exchange that need to be addressed to fully realize telemedicine’s benefits.” Specific information is as follows:
Telemedicine encounters increased by 75%, from 111.4 million in 2020 to 194.4 million in 2021. Larger, nonprofit and teaching hospitals were more likely to adopt telehealth services. While over 90% of hospitals allow patients to view and download medical records online, only 41% permit online data submission. 25% of hospitals identified certified health IT developers, including electronic health record providers, as frequent sources of information blocking. The study also revealed that hospitals face significant challenges in exchanging electronic health information, with 85% reporting issues due to interoperability (互操作性) across different platforms.
The researchers suggest that policymakers should focus on addressing these challenges to ensure equitable access to telemedicine services and to promote seamless (无缝的) health information exchange among health care providers.
41．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．The service of telemedicine is unexpectedly poor.
B．Most hospitals offer only one form of telemedicine service.
C．The telemedicine adoption has seen both progress and challenges.
D．The digital transformation of the health care industry has been completed.
42．What information do the American Hospital Association’s surveys offer
A．Personality analysis of patients. B．Addresses of hospitals.
C．The potential of the association. D．Electronic medical records.
43．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A．Key findings of the study. B．Various hospital types.
C．Advantages of different platforms. D．The information blocking.
44．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．A report on digital health care.
C．A guide to health care services. D．A survey of medical platforms.
【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了远程医疗在美国医院近些年的迅速发展以及遇到的挑战。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“The comprehensive analysis of telemedicine adoption in US hospitals during these years reveals both significant progress and ongoing challenges in the health care sector’s digital transformation. The study, published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, found that the percentage of hospitals offering at least one form of telemedicine service increased from 46% in 2017 to 72% in 2021. (对近年来美国医院采用远程医疗的综合分析显示，医疗保健部门的数字化转型既取得了重大进展，也面临着持续的挑战。发表在《普通内科杂志》上的这项研究发现，提供至少一种形式的远程医疗服务的医院比例从2017年的46%增加到2021年的72%)”可知，医疗保健部门的数字化转型既取得了重大进展，也面临着持续的挑战，由此可知，远程医疗的采用既有进步也有挑战。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“Led by Xuefeng Jiang, Eli Broad Endowed Professor of accounting and information systems at Michigan State University, the research team analyzed data from the American Hospital Association’s annual surveys, which provides information about electronic medical records, health information exchange barriers, reporting, and degree of electronic transition (过渡), to explain telemedicine’s growth and the barriers preventing its full potential.(在密歇根州立大学Eli Broad会计和信息系统教授蒋雪峰的带领下，研究小组分析了来自美国医院协会年度调查的数据，该调查提供了有关电子医疗记录、健康信息交换障碍、报告和电子过渡程度的信息，以解释远程医疗的增长和阻碍其充分发挥潜力的障碍)”可知，美国医院协会的调查提供了电子医疗记录。故选D。
43．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Telemedicine encounters increased by 75%, from 111.4 million in 2020 to 194.4 million in 2021. Larger, nonprofit and teaching hospitals were more likely to adopt telehealth services. While over 90% of hospitals allow patients to view and download medical records online, only 41% permit online data submission. 25% of hospitals identified certified health IT developers, including electronic health record providers, as frequent sources of information blocking. The study also revealed that hospitals face significant challenges in exchanging electronic health information, with 85% reporting issues due to interoperability (互操作性) across different platforms.(远程医疗就诊次数增加了75%，从2020年的1.114亿次增加到2021年的1.944亿次。较大的非营利性医院和教学医院更有可能采用远程医疗服务。虽然超过90%的医院允许患者在线查看和下载医疗记录，但只有41%的医院允许在线提交数据。25%的医院认为经过认证的医疗IT开发人员（包括电子健康记录提供商）是信息封锁的常见来源。该研究还显示，医院在交换电子健康信息方面面临重大挑战，85%的医院报告了由于不同平台之间的互操作性而导致的问题)”可知，第5段主要讲了该研究的主要发现。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study led by Michigan State University researchers shows a significant increase in telemedicine (远程医疗) services offered by US hospitals from 2017 to 2022, while also highlighting continuous barriers to its full implementation (执行).(密歇根州立大学研究人员领导的一项新研究显示，从2017年到2022年，美国医院提供的远程医疗服务显著增加，同时也凸显了全面实施远程医疗服务的持续障碍)”结合文章主要介绍了远程医疗在美国医院近些年的迅速发展以及遇到的挑战。最有可能来自一篇关于数字医疗的报道。故选B。
（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Eating a plant- based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts.
Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time.
“Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement.
While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements.
“Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said.
Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion
“Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement.
“The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email.
“One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein.
45．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng
A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years.
B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people.
C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies.
D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people.
46．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect
A．It was totally made up by some researchers.
B．It still held true despite some different findings.
C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle.
D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people.
47．Which of following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase“ take exception to”
A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to.
C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of.
48．What did Lichtenstein think of the study
A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one- sided.
C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence.
【答案】45．C 46．D 47．A 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处，但是一项新的研究发现吃蔬菜不能降低患心脏病的风险，科学家对此有不同的看法。
45．推理判断题。根据第二段“Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. (这使得周一发表在《营养前沿》杂志上的一项对近40万英国成年人饮食的新分析结果相当令人震惊：长期食用蔬菜，尤其是煮熟的蔬菜，并不能降低患心脏病的风险。)”和第三段““Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular discase),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. (牛津大学的流行病学家Qi Feng在一份声明中说：“我们的大型研究没有发现蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病发生有保护作用的证据。”)”可推断这项研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不降低心脏病风险，颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据第五段““Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. (“相反，我们的分析表明，蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的表面保护作用很可能是由偏见造成的……与社会经济状况和生活方式的差异有关，” Feng说。)”可知Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏见。故选D。
47．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. (讨厌素食者们，先别开始庆祝。)”和划线词所在句“Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. (英国和美国的专家很快就对这项研究的结论…)”由此推断出是英国和美国的专家提出了异议，所以took exception to意思是“提出反对意见”和A选项Voice objections to同义，故选A。
48．推理判断题。根据最后一段““One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. (Lichtenstein说：“在过去的十年里，有一件事变得很清楚，那就是我们不应该只关注单一的食物或营养素，而应该关注整个饮食模式。”)”可推知Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的，因为它只关注单一食物或营养素，而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。
（24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive thinking skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.
Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether they could also be capable of feeling if they are that smart. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient (有感知的) remained academic.
15 years ago, I p中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第03辑（开学考试专辑）
专题08阅读理解说明文+议论文80题 原卷版
目录
（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）Utah business owner Ed Wertz was looking for a way to stay active after his gym closed early in the pandemic. His wife suggested they try pickleball for a date night one evening. “We’ve played two to three times a week ever since,” the 7l-year-old says.
The couple joins more than 36 million Americans playing what has become the fastest-growing sport in the United States for three consecutive(连续的) years. “In a relatively short time, pickleball has already reached the levels of running, basketball and golf in popularity and the wide age range of people now playing indicates its growth will likely continue,” says Jim Edwards, a physical therapist and rehabilitation(康复) manager at Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation &. Sports Therapy in Ohio.
Originating in the United States in 1965, pickleball is a racquet(球拍) sport that combines elements of tennis, badminton, and ping pong. Played either one on one or two on two on a 20×44-foot court, players use a solid paddle to hit a hollow, perforated(穿孔的)plastic ball back and forth over a net.
As fun as participants say pickleball is to play, the sport’s primary benefit may be that it’s good for the body and mind. “Pickleball truly is a whole-body workout that improves cardiovascular health, assists with weight loss, and can help with balance, coordination, and flexibility,” says Matthew Anastasi, a physician and sports medicine specialist at Mayo Clinic. “It also provides a great opportunity for socialization and can reduce stress and provide mental health benefits.”
The sport was once thought of as a leisurely backyard activity for seniors and retirees, but data shows the average age of participants is now 35—with younger and younger players joining every year. “We now have people of all ages engaging in it, including celebrities like Taylor Swift, George Clooney, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Billie Eilish,” says Emily Hemendinger, a psychiatrist and outpatient clinical director at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. Even star athletes like Patrick Mahomes, Serena Williams, LeBron James, and Tom Brady have publicly shown their love of the sport.
1．Which sports has pickleball matched in terms of popularity
A．Football and basketball. B．Baseball and soccer.
C．Running, basketball and golf. D．Swimming and track and field.
2．What can be inferred about pickleball from the text
A．It is primarily played in backyards.
B．Only elderly people enjoy playing it.
C．It requires expensive equipment to play.
D．It has become more and more popular among younger people.
3．What might be the attitude of the celebrities mentioned towards pickleball
A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Indifferent. D．Tolerant.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Ed Wertz: Pickleball Pioneer at 71
B．Pickleball: The New National Pastime
C．Pickleball: Americn’s Fastest-Growing Sport
D．Sporting Trends: Pickleball Sweeps Across America
（24-25高三上·广东深圳·开学考试）Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems.
Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. “In our lab, crows have shown complicated numerical competence and careful consideration during decision-making,” said Dr. Melissa Johnston, a fellow at the University of Tübingen. In her recent work, Johnston and her team pushed these abilities to a new extreme, testing statistical reasoning.
In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time.
Statistical reasoning involves using limited information about a situation to draw conclusions and make decisions. People unknowingly use such cognitive ability every day. When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. Similarly, crows remembered and analyzed the connections between the images and the reward probabilities to make themselves get the most treats possible.
Crows once symbolized misfortune and death, causing them disliked even killed by people. Actually, they are among the few animals to adapt to urbanization successfully due to underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies do help change public views and improve our relationship with these lovely animals,” Johnston stated.
5．What makes crows’ intelligence possible
A．Their limitless abilities of tricks.
B．Their social leaning in the wild.
C．Their physical structure of brains.
D．Their training received in the lab.
6．Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 3
A．Instruct, task, and retest.
B．Train, perform, and record.
C．Assume, prove, and reflect.
D．Prepare, teach, and examine.
7．How does the author explain statistical inference in paragraph 4
A．By sharing a personal experience.
B．By quoting a previous study.
C．By making a detailed comparison.
D．By using a common example.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Food Prize Competition: Crows Choosing Rewards
B．Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with People
C．Beyond Tricks: Surprise of Crows’ Statistical Reasoning
D．Animal Behavior Study: Training Crows in Experiments
（24-25高三上·广东深圳·开学考试）For many years researchers focused on what people know about science, thinking that “To know science is to love it.” But do people who think they know science actually know science A new study led by Cristina Fonseca of the Genetics Society, Laurence Hurst of the Milner Centre for Evolution (进化) reveals that people with strong attitudes tend to believe they understand science, while neutrals (中立者) are less certain. Absolute attitudes, both for and against, build on high self-confidence in knowledge about science.
The study performed a survey of over 2,000 UK adults, asking them both about their attitudes to science and their belief in their own understanding. Questions focused on genetic (基因的) science, for example, “How would you rate your understanding of what the term DNA means ” All individuals were scored from zero (they know they have no understanding) to one (they are confident that they understand). The results suggest that those at the attitudinal extremes — both strongly supportive and firmly opposing — have very high self-belief in their own comprehension, while those answering neutrally do not.
Psychologically, the team suggests, this makes sense: to hold a strong opinion you need to strongly believe in the correctness of your interpretation of the basic facts. Results of previous studies also indicate that those more accepting of science both believe they understand it and score well on the textbook fact (true/false) questions. By contrast, people with strong negative attitudes to science tend to be overconfident about their level of understanding.
Whether it be climate change or GM foods, important science can inspire strong and opposing attitudes. Understanding how to communicate science requires an awareness of why people may hold such different attitudes to it. When it was thought that what mattered most for scientific literacy was scientific knowledge, science communication focused on passing information from scientists to the public. However, this approach may not be successful, and in some cases can have adverse effects. Working to address the gap between what people know and what they believe they know may be a better strategy.
9．What is the new study mainly about
A．An assessment of people’s interest in genetics.
B．A survey of various attitudes towards evolution.
C．A report of people’s general knowledge of science.
D．An analysis of factors on people’s belief in science.
10．Why does the author mention previous studies in paragraph 3
A．To support the findings of the study.
B．To clarify the concept of confidence.
C．To stress the importance of basic facts.
D．To compare different research methods.
11．What does the underlined word “adverse” mean in the last paragraph
A．Random.
B．Negative.
C．Indirect.
D．Favorable.
12．As for science communication, which would the author agree with
A．It should help people boost confidence.
B．It should focus on scientific knowledge.
C．It should inspire people to score well in tests.
D．It should emphasize objective awareness of oneself.
（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective.
A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school.
The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently- sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls.
Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could contradict the adult’s claim.
These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs.
The study’s implications extend beyond childhood. Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony（证词） of others rather than personal experience.
So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.
13．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The methodology of the study. B．The conclusion of the study.
C．The significance of the study. D．The theoretical basis of the study.
14．Which child’s response matches the empirical stance
A．Taylor believes what the teacher says no matter what.
B．Jordan thinks the earth is flat because his father says so.
C．Emma assumes the watermelon is sweet and then tastes it.
D．Maya suspects there are monsters living in trees as the story says.
15．What lesson could adults learn from children
A．Rejecting complex concepts. B．Never trusting anyone.
C．Learning from their own experience. D．Counting on others’ testimony.
16．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To highlight the importance of adult’s role in children’s education and growth.
B．To advocate for a more empirical approach to belief formation across all ages.
C．To clarify a misunderstanding about elementary school students’ learning ability.
（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）When we, as humans, get slightly injured, we treat our own wounds. Even sometimes we go to see doctors. But in the wild animal kingdom, medical care is much different. For one Sumatran orangutan (猩猩) , a facial wound maybe lethal because it could cause infection and pain. However, the large orange primate (灵长目动物) found a way to treat himself using a native-growing plant.
Rakus, a Sumatran orangutan, lives in Suaq Balimbing, Indonesia. Sumatran orangutans, with only about 14, 613 surviving, are faced with dying out. Biologists study the great apes in their habitats. When they noticed Rakus' wound they paid attention to it. But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning to his wound, creating a protective layer over the wound.
The plant is known for reducing pain and preventing infection, but it is not a food for the local orangutans.
Biologists say, “It is possible that Rakus brought this knowledge from his birthplace. Therefore, it is possible that the behavior is shown by more individuals like him outside the Suaq research area.”
Luckily for Rakus, his treatment worked and his wound was cured without incident. While other examples of great apes treating wounds have been recorded, the selective treatment of only the wound and the layering of plant material in different consistencies were marvelous (了不起的) .
According to the biologists, this remarkable observation is the first report of active wound management with a biological active substance in a great ape species and provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives.
17．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph I probably mean
A．Deadly. B．Avoidable C．Curable D．Obvious.
18．What surprised biologists about Rakus during their research
A．It feeds on Akar Kuning-a local plant B．Its habitats has been destroyed wholly.
C．It can't deal with its wounds timely D．It uses a native plant to cure itself
19．Which is right about the observation on Sumatran orangutans
A．It focuses on animal protection
B．It first brought in biological active materials
C．It makes for knowing well of self-medication in the species
D．It makes a big difference to saving apes in danger
20．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A news report B．A science fiction
C．A geographic magazine D．A poster about endangered animals
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Noise-canceling headphones are widespread nowadays, but scientists have found a way to take these devices to the next level—by creating headphones that can focus on one external sound source and block out all other noises.
The technology, called “Target Speech Hearing (TSH),” uses artificial intelligence (AI) to let the wearer face a speaker nearby and-after a delay of a couple of seconds-lock onto their voice. This lets the user hear only that specific audio source, maintaining the signal even if the speaker moves around or turns away.
“We tend to think of AI now as web-based chatbots(聊天机器人) that answer questions,” said the study lead author, Shyam Gollakota, professor of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington. “In this project, we develop AI to modify the auditory perception of anyone wearing headphones, given their preferences. With our devices you can now hear a single speaker clearly even if you are in a noisy environment with lots of other people talking,” Gollakota said in a statement.
TSH follows on from research the same scientists conducted into “semantic hearing” last year. In that project, they created an AI-powered smartphone app that could be paired with headphones, which let the wearer choose to hear from a list of preset “classes” while canceling out all other noises. For example, a wearer could choose to hear alarms, babies, speech or birds-and the headphones would single out only those noises and block out all others. To use TSH, the wearer faces straight in front of the speaker whose voice they wish to hear, before tapping a small button on the headphones to activate the system when positioned correctly.
For now, TSH can only enroll a single audio source, or a single speaker, at any one time, and it’s less successful if there’s another noise of a similar volume coming from the same direction.
21．What can noise-canceling headphones do
A．Block out all sounds. B．Restore listening loss.
C．Concentrate on all sounds. D．Identify the source of a specific sound.
22．What can we know from Paragraph 2
A．The headphones’ initial draft. B．The headphones’ imperfection.
C．The headphones’ working mechanism. D．The headphones’ operating components.
23．Which does Gollakota most likely agree to
A．TSH is designed to change the wearer’s preferences.
B．TSH enables clear listening despite noises around.
C．TSH is actually a question-answering chatbot.
D．TSH can be used to address noise pollution.
24．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers about an advancement in auditory technology.
B．To give an account of AI’s application to facial recognition.
C．To educate readers about the innovative development in AI.
D．To honor an outstanding computer scientist and engineer.
（24-25高三上·湖北·开学考试）As China’s cities grow, they are also sinking. An estimated 16 percent of the country’s major cities are losing more than 10 millimeters of height per year and nearly half are losing more than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study published in the journal Science.
“Land subsidence (下沉) is a problem that almost exists everywhere,” said Robert Nicholls, a climate scientist and civil engineer at the University of East Anglia who reviewed the paper, “To my knowledge, this study is the first to measure land subsidence across many urban areas using state-of-the-art radar (雷达) data from satellites. I believe the majority of the adaptation strategies that we have, and the plans to fight climate change, are inaccurate, just because they did not include land subsidence. Land subsidence is an unheeded problem. It hasn’t been studied the way, for example, sea level rise has been studied.”
The new study was based on satellite radar measurements of how much the ground surface in 82 major cities, accounting for three-quarters of the urban population, moved up or down between 2015 and 2022. The researchers compared these measurements to data on potential contributing factors. Subsidence in these cities is caused in part by the pure weight of buildings, the study found. Groundwater extraction (开采) underneath the cities also plays a role, as do oil drilling and coal mining. These activities leave empty space underground where soil and rocks can press together or collapse.
Being below sea level doesn’t mean a city is automatically destroyed. Much of the Netherlands is below sea level and sinking, but the country has been extensively engineered to prevent flooding in places and to accommodate it in others. Shanghai is already limiting groundwater extraction and is sinking more slowly than other cities. In Japan, groundwater management over the years has proved successful. “It’s difficult to stop subsidence entirely,” Dr. Nicholls said, “You’ve got to live with what’s left. “
25．What do the figures in paragraph 1 imply
A．Cities grow at an alarming speed. B．Cities face fierce climate change.
C．Land subsidence is under control. D．Land subsidence is an urgent issue.
26．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “unheeded” in paragraph 2
A．Ignored. B．Identified. C．Undefined. D．Overestimated.
27．What may contribute to land subsidence in cities according to the passage
A．Energy extraction. B．Overuse of farmland.
C．Population expansion. D．Uneven distribution of water.
28．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．City planning calls for joint efforts.
B．Groundwater is to blame for land sinking.
C．Measures can be taken to ease subsidence.
D．Flooding prevention deserves further research.
（24-25高三上·广东深圳·开学考试）“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from... The list would largely be accurate, the concern reasonable. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed, and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological advances, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very intelligent. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have actually fallen during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate (波动), in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to fail, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it.
29．According to the author, most students_________________.
A．believe the world’s environment is in an undesirable condition
B．get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s environment
C．agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be
D．appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world’s environment
30．What does Paragraph 2 imply
A．The environment remains relatively healthy.
B．The world is heavily polluted by toxic and dangerous air.
C．Environmental problems in poor countries are not likely to be solved.
D．The earth are seriously affected by growing populations and rising output.
31．Why have energy and mineral prices generally fallen during the century
A．The planet has unlimited raw materials. B．New sources and substitutes are found.
C．Government regulated prices heavily. D．Demand for these materials hardly decreased.
32．What is the primary solution to environmental problems
A．Limiting consumption of natural resources.
B．Allowing market forces to function properly.
C．Controlling the growth of the world population.
D．Sharing the ownership of resources among the public.
（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试）“There’s nothing more truly artistic than to love people,” said the famous painter Vincent van Gogh. The spirit of that comment might support new research findings that show spending just 30 minutes in an arts and culture museum has a number of positive mental health benefits, including measurably reducing the stress hormone (激素).
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania reviewed more than 100 studies that explore the emotional experience of visiting a museum, and Katherine Cotter, a postdoctoral fellow, concluded that museum visits yield mental health benefits. “When we enter a museum, we’reentering it with an intention,” Cotter told the PBS station.
Visiting a museum, she added, draws us away from the time and place where we live and pulls us into the experience of seeing the world through another person’s eyes. “We engage different mindsets and different cognitive(认知的) processes,” she said. “Once we get into the center of the museum visit, we see ourselves more concerned communally (共同地), thinking about how things are interrelated in the world more broadly.”
Walking through an art museum, large or small, is about more than spending time in a cool, quiet and interesting space. Notably, Cotter identified a reduction in feelings of loneliness as one of the mental health benefits of visiting art museums.
Part of the reason for this could be the communal experience of observing artworks together with other like- minded individuals. But it is also the art itself that brings us into a feeling of connection with other human beings — creators, thinkers, observers— who remind us that each of us has a point of view, something to say and something to teach and learn from the world around us.
And so we return to van Gogh’s observation. Perhaps we benefit from expanding our view of the world by exploring art and culture, in part, because the experience of being human is in itself just that — an art form.
33．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Vincent van Gogh was a famous writer.
B．30 minutes is enough for visiting a museum.
C．Visiting museums is a way to relieve pressure.
D．People visit museums for different purposes.
34．How did researchers at the University of Pennsylvania conduct the research
A．By doing psychological experiments.
B．By reviewing previous studies.
C．By visiting different museums.
D．By concluding mental health benefits.
35．According to Katherine Cotter, what happens when we visit a museum
A．We observe the world in different views.
B．We stop thinking about our daily lives.
C．We become more self- centered.
D．We show great interest in art and culture.
36．What is the best title of the text
A．Museum Visit Is the Best Emotional Experience
B．Changing Your Worldview Can Change Your Life
C．Visiting an Art Museum Is Good for Mental Health
D．Museums Create Environments for Better Learning
（24-25高三上·甘肃白银·阶段练习）Recently, three engineers at the University of Glasgow have designed and built an innovative AI-based drone (无人机) system that can assist in search efforts for hikers lost in the wilderness. They have published a paper describing their efforts on the preprint server.
Hiking in the Scottish Highlands has become a popular activity over the past several decades. The landscape offers a wide variety of remote locations that allow hikers to get back to nature. But such hiking can be disastrous— hikers can get lost or injured. Many find themselves in need of assistance every year. Because of that, emergency teams use both traditional and modern techniques to find those who are lost or have become disabled for some reasons.
In recent years, searchers have begun to use drones— their higher point allows for covering more land more quickly than searching on foot. It helps spot and locate things precisely that searchers aren’t able to see from the ground. In this new effort, the team wondered if adding AI to drone technology could improve the search for lost hikers.
To find out it, they created an AI model using data sets showing the paths taken by people who were lost and then found by search parties around the world. They also added relevant data, such as participants’ age, their reasons for hiking, and details about whether they were walking alone, or using some other form of transportation like horseback riding. They noted geographical information regarding both the path taken by those who were lost and where they were found, such as rivers, streams, roads or open ground. They then added data specific to Scotland’s geography. They ran the model millions of times, each representing a simulated search, until it narrowed down the most probable paths a lost hiker would take. The drone would then be instructed to search those paths first.
In testing their system against traditional approaches-- such as“the lawn mower” sweeping technique used to find actual hikers— the new approach found lost hikers more often. The researchers say they need more data to make their system more accurate and eventually result in a tool that could be used to save lives.
37．What do we know about the AI-based drone system
A．It is a boost to search techniques.
B．It has replaced traditional search methods.
C．It has been employed in searches for decades.
D．It is excluded from searches in the Scottish Highlands.
38．What mainly makes AI drones effective in finding lost hikers
A．Fast photo taking. B．Accurate positioning.
C．Quick landing ability. D．Precise image analysis.
39．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．How the AI drones were invented.
B．How relevant data affected hikers’ paths.
C．How hikers got geographical information.
D．How the AI model improved drone search strategies.
40．How do the researchers propose to improve the new searching approach
A．By perfecting the related data.
B．By equipping hikers with AI tools.
C．By abandoning the current system.
D．By increasing search practice frequency.
（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试）A new study led by Michigan State University researchers shows a significant increase in telemedicine (远程医疗) services offered by US hospitals from 2017 to 2022, while also highlighting continuous barriers to its full implementation (执行).
The comprehensive analysis of telemedicine adoption in US hospitals during these years reveals both significant progress and ongoing challenges in the health care sector’s digital transformation. The study, published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, found that the percentage of hospitals offering at least one form of telemedicine service increased from 46% in 2017 to 72% in 2021.
Led by Xuefeng Jiang, Eli Broad Endowed Professor of accounting and information systems at Michigan State University, the research team analyzed data from the American Hospital Association’s annual surveys, which provides information about electronic medical records, health information exchange barriers, reporting, and degree of electronic transition (过渡), to explain telemedicine’s growth and the barriers preventing its full potential.
“Our findings demonstrate the rapid development of telemedicine adoption,” said Jiang.“ However, we also uncovered significant differences in implementation across different hospital types and continuous challenges in health information exchange that need to be addressed to fully realize telemedicine’s benefits.” Specific information is as follows:
Telemedicine encounters increased by 75%, from 111.4 million in 2020 to 194.4 million in 2021. Larger, nonprofit and teaching hospitals were more likely to adopt telehealth services. While over 90% of hospitals allow patients to view and download medical records online, only 41% permit online data submission. 25% of hospitals identified certified health IT developers, including electronic health record providers, as frequent sources of information blocking. The study also revealed that hospitals face significant challenges in exchanging electronic health information, with 85% reporting issues due to interoperability (互操作性) across different platforms.
The researchers suggest that policymakers should focus on addressing these challenges to ensure equitable access to telemedicine services and to promote seamless (无缝的) health information exchange among health care providers.
41．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．The service of telemedicine is unexpectedly poor.
B．Most hospitals offer only one form of telemedicine service.
C．The telemedicine adoption has seen both progress and challenges.
D．The digital transformation of the health care industry has been completed.
42．What information do the American Hospital Association’s surveys offer
A．Personality analysis of patients. B．Addresses of hospitals.
C．The potential of the association. D．Electronic medical records.
43．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A．Key findings of the study. B．Various hospital types.
C．Advantages of different platforms. D．The information blocking.
44．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．A report on digital health care.
C．A guide to health care services. D．A survey of medical platforms.
（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Eating a plant- based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts.
Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time.
“Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement.
While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements.
“Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said.
Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion
“Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement.
“The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email.
“One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein.
45．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng
A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years.
B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people.
C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies.
D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people.
46．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect
A．It was totally made up by some researchers.
B．It still held true despite some different findings.
C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle.
D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people.
47．Which of following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase“ take exception to”
A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to.
C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of.
48．What did Lichtenstein think of the study
A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one- sided.
C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence.
（24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive thinking skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.
Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether they could also be capable of feeling if they are that smart. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient (有感知的) remained academic.
15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about threat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and carefully scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not contribute to formal evidence of an emotion-like state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects.
Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotine (尼古丁) and caffeine (咖啡因) when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotine when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating (交配) opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet.
Why would insects consume mind-altering food if there isn’t a mind to alter But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient.
49．What does the example of the wasps indicate
A．Insects show signs of intelligence. B．Insects can do complex calculations.
C．Insects can socialize in a skillful way. D．Insects live in highly complex societies.
50．What was unexpected about the bumblebees’ behavior in the experiment
A．They avoided flowers with spiders. B．They settled on flowers despite threats.
C．They might abandon spider-free flowers. D．They might get scared away by other insects.
51．What can be learned from the insects in the last but one paragraph
A．Insects struggle with drug addiction
B．Bees use drugs for recreational purposes.
C．Male fruit flies have a natural preference for alcohol.
D．Insects are likely to possess a mind.
52．What does the text mainly discuss
A．What insects’ various behavior can reveal. B．How insects communicate their thoughts.
C．What amazing powers insects possess. D．Whether insects are capable of feeling.
（24-25高三上·云南大理·开学考试）Is diet soda safe If you’re concerned about sugar, diet products seem a better option, sweet and not so bad for you. Wrong! Drinking diet soda regularly can increase your risk of diseases. Despite the fact that we call these drinks “diet”, the artificial sweeteners they contain are linked to weight gain, not loss.
There’s the latest evidence that they increase the risk of depression, which comes from a new analysis by researchers at Harvard Medical School. The team drew upon a data set of nearly 32,000 female nurses, ages 42 to 62 when the study began. It turned out that the nurses who consumed the most diet drinks had a 37 percent higher chance of depression, compared to those who drank the least or none.
Diet soda also increases your risk of stroke (中风), according to a separate meta-analysis that included 72 studies. Looking for the causes behind the stroke, researchers took various blood measurements when 12 healthy volunteers in their 20s drank water, soda, or diet soda. The result showed that both sodas slowed the flow of blood within the brain. Though the effect didn’t seem sufficient to cause stroke, slower blood flow could have accumulating effects.
Other researchers have found that diet soda increases the risk of dementia (痴呆), from data from nearly 178,000 volunteers tracked over an average of nine years. That’s not a big surprise. An earlier study of about 4,300 volunteers concluded that drinking diet soda every day was tied to three times the risk of dementia over the following decade. The researchers looked at brain scans and the results of mental function assessments. A daily diet soda was linked to smaller brains and aggravates long-term memory, two risk factors for dementia.
Avoiding depression, stroke, and dementia is an obvious goal for whoever desires to age healthily. So you know what to do.
53．How does the author present his point of view
A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving opinions.
C．By quoting specialists. D．By presenting research.
54．What effect might diet soda have on people
A．Slight weight loss. B．Increased blood flow.
C．Raised depression risk. D．Severe mental decline.
55．Which can best replace the underlined word “aggravates” in paragraph 4
A．Deletes. B．Worsens. C．Motivates. D．Stimulates.
56．What might the author advise us to do
A．Quit consuming diet sodas. B．Limit the daily sugar intake.
C．Set achievable health goals. D．Follow fixed aging process.
（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试）Storing renewable energy as hydrogen could soon become much easier thanks to a new catalyst (催化剂) based on single atoms of platinum (铂). The new catalyst, designed by researchers at City University Hong Kong (City U) and tested by fellows at Imperial College London, could be cheaply scaled up for mass use.
Co- author Professor Anthony Kucernak, from the Department of Chemistry at Imperial, said, “The UK Hydrogen Strategy sets out an ambition to reach 10GW of low- carbon hydrogen production capacity by 2030. To facilitate that goal, we need to ramp up the production of cheap, easy- to- produce and efficient hydrogen storage. The new electrocatalyst could be a major contributor to this, ultimately helping the UK meet its net- zero goals by 2050.”
Renewable energy generation, from sources like wind and solar, is rapidly growing. However, some of the energy generated needs to be stored for when weather conditions are unfavourable for wind and sun. One promising way to do this is to save the energy in the form of hydrogen, which can be stored and transported for later use.
To do this, the renewable energy is used to split (分解) water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, with the energy stored in the hydrogen atoms. This uses platinum catalysts to cause a reaction that splits the water molecule, which is called electrolysis. However, although platinum is an excellent catalyst for this reaction, it is expensive and rare, so minimising its use is important to reduce system cost and limit platinum extraction (提取).
Now, the team have designed and tested a catalyst that uses as little platinum as possible to produce an efficient but cost- effective platform for water splitting.
Lead researcher Professor Zhang Hua, from City U, said, “Hydrogen generated by electrocatalytic water splitting is regarded as one of the most promising clean energies for replacing fossil fuels in the near future, reducing environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect.”
57．What is the significance of the new catalyst in hydrogen production
A．It increases the cost of hydrogen production.
B．It realizes the UK’s pursuit of net- zero goals.
C．It makes cost- effective hydrogen storage possible.
D．It replaces the need for renewable energy sources.
58．What does the underlined phrase “ramp up” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Immediately prohibit. B．Gradually increase.
C．Eventually address. D．Successfully transfer.
59．What is the downside of platinum catalysts
A．Their materials are hard to obtain. B．They are harmful to environment.
C．Their production process is complicated. D．They are ineffective in splitting water.
60．What is Zhang Hua’s attitude towards the new electrocatalyst
A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Unconcerned. D．Supportive.
（24-25高三上·广东·开学考试）We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike.
Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency.
However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole.
That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting, if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it.
61．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The importance of academic writing.
B．The potential users of AI-powered writing.
C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars.
D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses.
62．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI
A．Negative. B．Dismissive. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
63．Who have the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities
A．Fund sponsors. B．Individual instructors.
C．Would-be graduates. D．Producers of AI tools.
64．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing
A．A wet blanket. B．A pie in the sky.
C．A double-edged sword. D．A big fish in a small pond.
（24-25高二上·内蒙古兴安盟·开学考试）Would you BET on the future of this man He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven- knows- what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote 《堂吉诃德》. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence — whether they are driving a truck, or running a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
65．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ______.
A．age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
B．loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D．disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success
66．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．End one’s struggle for liberty. B．Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C．Lose the interest to continue learning. D．Miss the opportunity to succeed.
67．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4
A．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
B．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
C．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
D．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
68．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
B．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
C．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
D．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adolescent mental health: rising rates of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. But as we worry about teens who are struggling, we can’t ignore another mounting effect — the burdens that are shouldered by heir friends and peers in an “always on” world.
We have studied teens and lech for over a decade. Their networks are ever-expanding, in no small part because there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends. And it’s not just staying connected — it’s keeping up with what others post, too.
Social media platforms thus make it technically possible to maintain more relationships than ever before. The result is an overwhelming wave of social information. It’s especially intense for adolescents whose sensitivities drive them to care deeply about what their peers are doing and thinking.
Significant stress comes with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media. Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support. Even before a social media post is made public, close friends can be pulled into photo selection, editing, and final examination. Besides, they need to respond in the right way and in the right amount of time, which differs from one relationship to another. Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager, especially when the friendship is new or not close. But when it’s a close friend, too long a lag (延迟) can be hurtful.
Technologies have transformed how friendships play out. Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend. Too often, these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are ignored by adults. And that is what should be changed with the help of parents, schools and other parts of society.
69．W hat makes teenagers’ networks continue to expand
A．The pressure to be nice. B．The requests of their parents.
C．The need to meet more people. D．The burden of living independently.
70．What does the author think of being a good friend in the age of social media
A．Exciting. B．Challenging. C．Time-saving. D．Risk-taking.
71．What should be changed according to the last paragraph
A．The qualities of being a teen friend.
B．The conflicts between schools and parents.
C．The relations between parents and their teens.
D．The influences of social media on teen friendship.
72．What is the text mainly about
A．Why more teens are addicted to social media.
B．How teens nowadays gain long-standing friendships.
C．How social media has made teen friendships more stressful.
D．What makes teens become more sensitive to their peers’ needs.
（24-25高三上·湖南·开学考试）Lord Rees and Neil deGrasse Tyson pour cold water on Elon Musk’s plans to transfer a large human population to Mars at a World Government Summit panel in Dubai. The billionaire’s plans to send humans to Mars are a “dangerous vision”, according to Britain’s chief astrophysicist Lord Martin Rees.
Back in 2016, Musk outlined his vision of building a colony on Mars “in our lifetimes” — with the first rocket sending humans to the Red Planet by 2025. For many years the company used an image of the Martian surface being terraformed (地球化) in its promotional material. However, a NASA- sponsored study published in 2018 dismissed these plans as impossible with today’s technology. Recently Musk has tweeted that he believed it was “possible to make a self- sustaining city on Mars by 2050, if we start in five years”.
Lord Rees said, “The only reason for humans to go to space would be for adventure. To live on Mars is not going to be easy. Mars has a harsh environment.” “The idea of Elon Musk to have a million people settle on Mars is a dangerous idea. Living on Mars is no better than living on the South Pole or the tip of Mount Everest. If you want to call Mars home, you need to terraform Mars, turn it into Earth.” American astrophysicist and science educator Neil deGrasse Tyson added. However, the size of this task was much larger than actively attempting to prevent the initial catastrophe on Earth, Dr. Tyson explained: “It is so much easier to make Earth return to Earth again rather than terraforming Mars.”
“There is no force on Earth as powerful as the exploration of space that impacts our thoughts and ambitions. Thinking about the future is half of what drives the future. Space will always remain as an inspiration for young people and it is an area we need to support,” Lord Rees said.
73．What was Musk’s attitude to the vision of building a colony on Mars by 2050
A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Dismissive. D．Cautious.
74．What makes terraforming Mars a difficult task, according to Dr. Tyson
A．Harsh environment in Mars. B．Conflict with NASA’s plan.
C．Lack of advanced technology. D．Extreme weather in the South Pole.
75．What is the main message conveyed by Lord Rees in the last paragraph
A．Thinking about the future is important to space exploration.
B．Mars colonization should be a top priority for young people.
C．Space exploration has a huge impact on human development.
D．Young people should be more supportive of space exploration.
76．What is the best title of this passage
A．Elon Musk Thinks Big About Colonizing Mars
B．Experts Dismiss Elon Musk’s Mars Colonization Plans
C．The Fruitless Exploration of Human Settlement on Mars
D．The Challenges of Establishing Human Habitats on Mars
（24-25高三上·湖南·开学考试）Love and encouragement from others can make us feel our best. But can they also help us perform our best By taking advantage of a unique situation in the world of football, economist Patricio Dalton and his team were able to demonstrate that moral support significantly affects performance.
Although moral support is such an important part of daily interaction, there's little scientific proof of the effect it has on behavior. Dalton addresses this gap in a new research paper, revealing that even in the football stadium—a competitive labor environment where high performance is rewarded with high pay—moral support matters.
Demonstrating a cause-and-effect relationship between moral support and behavior is difficult, Dalton explains, because moral support isn't easily controlled in an experiment. “The major challenge lies in the fact that moral support is essentially endogenous (内生的) . People choose whether to supply or demand moral support, the extent of it, to whom to supply it and from whom to demand it. The paper addresses this challenge by taking advantage of an exogenous (外因的) negative shock on moral support caused by an unexpected change of law in the Argentinean football league.”
Following an incident involving a football supporter's death, Argentina placed a ban that prohibited visiting team supporters from attending first division games. This provided the perfect conditions for a natural experiment, allowing the researchers to examine the impact of moral support on behavior in a real-world setting.
Analyzing data from 1, 320 games played both before and after the ban, the researchers found that the probability of a visiting team losing a game increases by 20%, and the visiting team conceding (让得分) more goals than the home team rises by 1. 3 times. The researchers establish that the observed decline in performance is due to the absence of moral support. What's also striking is that smaller teams are most affected by the lack of moral support, while bigger teams experience decline in performance only when facing opponents with equal strength. This suggests that moral support makes up for the power imbalance between teams.
The study reveals a strong influence of moral support and its significance in unlocking human potential. “If moral support can make such a big difference in the world of professional football, what could it do in regular workplaces ” Dalton says.
77．What does “a unique situation” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to
A．The death of a football supporter. B．The experiment on moral support.
C．The performances of visiting teams. D．The ban on visiting team supporters.
78．How did the researchers examine the relationship between moral support and behavior
A．In a natural way. B．In an unusual way.
C．By supplying moral support. D．By interviewing football supporters.
79．What does Dalton’s research reveal about moral support
A．It can make a difference in many areas of life.
B．It keeps a balance between big football teams.
C．The impact of lacking it varies from team to team.
D．The absence of it makes no difference to a home team.
80．Which of the following best describes moral support
A．It makes one feel good. B．It’s a performance enhancer.
C．It develops good relationships. D．It’s a cure for behavior problems.
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