第04辑一轮阅读 专题02 阅读理解难点分类突破（写作手法题+写作意图题+文章寓意题）（含答案与解析）2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第04辑一轮阅读 专题02
阅读理解难点分类突破（写作手法题+写作意图题+文章寓意题）原卷版
目录
写作手法题1+3篇 P1
【名师点津】 P2
【高考真题】 P2
【名校模拟】 P3
写作意图题1+3篇 P6
【名师点津】 P6
【高考真题】 P6
【名校模拟】 P7
文章寓意题1+3篇 P10
【名师点津】 P10
【高考真题】 P10
【名校模拟】 P12
写作手法题1+3篇
【名师点津】
高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。
一、根据文章题材来判断。
①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
二、根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence
③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say
④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字
⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally
⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays
⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while,
⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because….
⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内
【高考真题】
(2020年浙江卷第29题) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests
A. To assess their health status.
B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality.
D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4
A. By using an expert’s words.
B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study.
D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【名校模拟】
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）From May to October in the southeastern US, five species of turtles, from loggerheads to Kemp’s ridley, crawl (爬行) ashore under the cover of night to lay their eggs on the very beach they were born. During this time, thousands of turtle-loving volunteers comb the shorelines looking for the turtles’ tracks as part of an ongoing effort to gather population data and protect the nests.
However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.
Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.
Lindborg teamed up with Pepe Peruyero, a dog behaviorist who has trained smell-detecting dogs for over 20 years. Peruyero selected a rescue dog named Dory, a two-year-old terrier mix found wandering along a Florida highway, as the project’s poster dog.
Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. Then, the team convinced the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to allow a friendly competition. During the peak nesting seasons, two groups went around a stretch of shoreline about five miles long in Vero Beach, Florida.
The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.
1. How do female turtles make egg detection more difficult
A. They make misleading tracks in the sand.
B. They destroy their eggs deliberately.
C. They put their eggs in the water.
D. They build nests everywhere.
2. What is most helpful for Dory in finding turtle nests
A. The nature of digging.
B. The sense of competition.
C. The warning from its trainer.
D. The matter on a turtle’s newly laid eggs.
3. How is paragraph 6 mainly developed
A. By giving examples. B. By describing courses.
C. By making comparisons. D. By offering explanations.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The kindness of a man who protects turtle nests.
B. A dog that can find turtle nests successfully.
C. The difficulty of building turtle nests.
D. A new discovery about turtle nests
（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）The nature of compassion fatigue (同情疲劳) means that many working in traditional care-giving roles are likely to experience its symptoms. This includes first responders, medical professionals, social workers, journalists, and lawyers specializing in family law or criminal law.
Kelli Collins, a licensed family therapist, remarks “Think about muscle fatigue—if you work out too hard, your muscles might simply give out. In the same way, compassion fatigue means your ability to offer compassion to others is dramatically affected.”
Collins herself experienced compassion fatigue as a young therapist working in a community mental health setting, where she “had the strong desire to help” but quickly realized some things were out of her “rang of influence”. She felt herself becoming easily annoyed with loved ones, sleeping very little, and fantasizing about changing careers. It was an overwhelming time, during which she felt she was failing her clients.
“I thought that by giving endless compassion to my clients, I was ‘leaving it all on the field’. In fact, bearing the responsibility for my clients’ pain without consideration for my own needs and limits meant that I wasn’t a particularly effective therapist,” she says.
Lynne Hughes, who founded Comfort Zone in 1999 and now serves as CEO, lost both her parents as a child, experiencing first-hand the lack of resources and support for grieving children. Hughes expresses similar feelings about the challenge of compassion fatigue, stressing the importance of looking inward.
“Suffering from compassion fatigue does not mean you’re bad at helping or caring, it only means the scale between caring for others and caring for yourself is no longer balanced,” she says. “When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself so that ‘your well’ does not run dry.”
But both Hughes and Collins emphasize that it’s not only traditional caregivers who experience compassion fatigue. “It is applicable to anyone in a caring role,” says Hughes, while Collins believes it is a uniquely human condition, occupational or not.
5. Why does Collins mention the muscle fatigue
A. To describe she is in a bad mood.
B. To show she is eager to give a hand.
C. To suggest she has limited pity for others.
D. To explain she is much tired of her customers.
6. Which of the following do Hughes and Collins agree with
A. Care for yourself while caring for others.
B. Compassion fatigue has nothing to do with career.
C. Those with compassion fatigue are poor at helping.
D. Shy persons always tend to suffer compassion fatigue.
7. What does “your well” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A. Pity. B. Nurture. C. Symptoms. D. Occupation.
8. How does the author develop the text
A. By giving examples. B. By quoting arguments.
C. By making comparisons. D. By analyzing reasons and causes.
（23-24·沈阳·三模）Air-conditioner’s setting often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men regarding the “correct” temperature for it to be set. And it’s a common debate between couples — the perfect temperature to keep both parties warm but not hot. Research does consistently show women prefer a higher indoor temperature to men. But is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold” more than men
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to produce heat. Women also have more fat between the skin and the muscles, so the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels.
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic(代谢)rate than men, which reduces heat production during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
The hormones oestrogen and progesterone(雌激素和孕激素), found in large quantities in women, contribute to the core body and skin temperatures. Oestrogen dilates(扩张)blood vessels at the extremities. This means more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progesterone can cause the vessels in the skin to narrow, meaning less blood will flow to some areas to keep the inner organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature The “Scandinavian sleep method”, where couples sleep with separate blankets, is one way to overcome the differences in temperature preferences.
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are heat systems that can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. Examples include small desk fans, heated chairs and blankets, or foot-warmers. These systems provide individualised comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space, and have been found to produce higher comfort satisfaction in the workplace. They may also be an energy-efficient method to balance warmth and health in office environments.
9. Why does a couple often have an argument on temperature control
A. Because the wife prefers to work indoors than outdoors.
B. Because the wife would like to stay in a cooler place.
C. Because they have different preference for temperature.
D. Because they have no air-conditioner to heat their office.
10. What may happen to men and women of the same weight
A. Men may be much stronger than women.
B. Men may have more fat than women.
C. Women may feel colder than men.
D. Women may produce more heat than men.
11. How does the fourth paragraph develop
A. By giving examples. B. By listing reasons.
C. By solving problems. D. By making comparisons.
12. Which of the following can help create a comfortable workplace without bothering others
A. Using a personal heater. B. Moving into a warm office.
C. Applying a new heating system. D. Asking for an extra individual room.
写作意图题1+3篇
【名师点津】
每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章 之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。
1. 主旨推断法。
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。
2. 文体推断法。
①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（to attract readers）。
②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（to entertain readers）、或给读者某种启示。
③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（to inform readers），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。
④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（to persuade readers），倡导某种做法等。
【高考真题】
(2024新课标II卷第35题)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【名校模拟】
（2024·江西·二模）Disagreements have arisen in Northern France after many ancient standing stones were damaged to make way for a new hardware chain (五金连锁店).
About 39 stones, dating back at least 7,000 years, were removed from the site, which sits on one of Europe’s most famous prehistoric attractions, Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported. “The site has been damaged,” local archaeologist Christian Obeltz told AFP.
Carnac, often described as “French Stonehenge”, is famous for its spreading fields of large tall stones. The stones are arranged in long, straight lines and, according to the Carnac Tourist Office, it is the largest collection of this type of standing stone in the world. The two main sites alone, at Menec and Kermarjo, house nearly 3,000 standing monuments covering over 4 miles.
The purpose of this ancient curiosity is still unknown. Many believe it may have had something to do with religion, while others think it could have served as a farming calendar. One idea even suggests that the stones are connected to a sad event that happened to a Roman army.
The Regional Office of Cultural Affairs for Brittany, which is responsible for protecting the cultural monument, made a statement on disagreements over building the store on Wednesday. “Given the uncertain and non-major character of the remains, damage to a site of historical value has not been established,” the statement said. However, Obeltz mentioned that there hasn’t been enough research in the area to decide whether the stones were historically important.
News of building the store has caused a storm of angry comments on social media, with many expressing their thoughts on the loss of the ancient stones. “Poor Carnac! The commodification (商品化) of the world prepares the man without memories,” said Philippe de Villiers, France’s former Secretary of State for Culture.
“In Carnac, 39 standing stone monuments survived Julius Caesar, World War I and World War II. But not Mr. DIY!” the Twitter account Dom Revolution wrote.
1. What happened to the 39 stones
A. They were sold to a store. B. They were worn with time.
C. They were moved away. D. They were used to build a building.
2. What makes Carnac stand out as a site of stone monuments
A. Its unique shape. B. Its large size.
C. Its long rich history. D. Its connection with an army.
3. What may the Regional Office agree with
A. The site has low historical value. B. The site needs government protection.
C. The site is not very well-known. D. The site should have been studied more.
4. Why does the author mention opinions on the Internet
A. To share people’s last memories of Carnac.
B. To stress the importance of protecting Carnac.
C. To show public anger at Carnac’s situation.
D. To give more information about Carnac’s history.
（2024·江西·一模）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman.
The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.”
On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.
Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”
5. What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean
A. Winning wide praise. B. Making a personal breakthrough.
C. Disobeying rules of her career. D. Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement.
6. Which of the following best describe Wan Qiuwen
A. Courageous and creative. B. Professional and determined.
C. Conservative and hardworking. D. Responsible and self-disciplined.
7. What can be learned from the accident happening on August 20, 2020
A. It is visible for Wan to see clearly the site from the sky.
B. Both the oil tanker and the cargo ship sank after collision.
C. During the rescue, Wan threw down a rope without hesitation.
D. Before taking rescue action Wan made a judgement on the situation.
8. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To call on more people to be a sea-rescue pilot.
B. To inform the risks of becoming a sea-rescue pilot.
C. To introduce an exceptional woman sea-rescue pilot.
D. To educate people the meaning of breaking through gender prejudice.
（2024·山东·三模）Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks, Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of the wild.
9. Which of the following best describes the testing process
A. Flexible. B. Reliable. C. Simple. D. Loose.
10. What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley
A. Ecology imbalance. B. Biodiversity enrichment.
C. Species competition. D. Tourism boost.
11. What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4
A. The joy of winning the award. B. The outcome of noise pollution.
C. The activities of enjoying quiet. D. The value of natural quiet.
12. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B. To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C. To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D. To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
文章寓意题3篇
【名师点津】
1. 关注选项格言或成语含义，甚至言外之意，做题留痕圈。
2. 找到原文相对应的段落或句子描述，进而提炼相应形容词。
3. 比对四个选项，留意答案往往是一对一错，选择最佳答案。
【高考真题】
(2023天津卷第45题)I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …
41. What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind
A. Her miserable past.
B. An unforgettable sport event.
C. The stories behind the violins.
D. Her childhood memory.
42. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
A. mindless and bad-tempered
B. caring and supportive
C. strict and demanding
D. tolerant and sympathetic
43. What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration
A. The tune of the flutes.
B. The beat of the drums.
C. The sound of the violin.
D. The manner of the musicians.
44. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra
A. The steady improvement in her taste.
B. Her strong desire for success.
C. Her natural gift for music.
D. The rapid progress in her ability.
45. What message does Tara's story convey
A. It's never too young to learn.
B. A passionate interest works wonders.
C. Hard work will pay off in the long run.
D. Like mother, like daughter.
【名校模拟】
（2024·河南三门峡·一模）I’d finally got some alone time as a new mom. I put on my running shoes and I found my rhythm as my feet hit the ground. My adrenaline (肾上腺素) kicked in as I told myself, “This is my comeback.” Prior to giving birth to a baby, I had been a runner since my 20s. Running made me feel free and it brought me a sense of peace I couldn’t find anywhere else. The harder my feet worked, the more I relaxed.
Now, as a new mom in my late 30s, I was picking running back up to prove to myself I was still the old me. However, it was not easy. My legs were weak as I shuffled (拖着脚走) down the track. I felt defeated. The old me had never felt so far away. Running felt like a burden, and the joy was far away from me. Even worse, I felt like a living dead at home. My son wasn’t sleeping through the night, which was exhausting all my extra energy.
However, I kept going. I went out for a run again and again. A few times a week, I pulled on my shoes and slowly, my one mile route turned into a 5kilometer. Gone were the debates in my head over whether I was a good mom and whether my house would ever be clean again. Running just let me be.
I had signed up for the half marathon I ran annually before my son was born as a motivation. When I began running, the marathon route felt so long, but then suddenly, it was over. When I crossed the finish line, I felt like a champion wearing my participant’s medal. My finish time was just a number; what mattered more to me was the journey.
Through my running experience, I have realized that nothing is impossible to a willing heart, not only running, but also anything else.
1. Why did the author run in her twenties
A. To enjoy some alone time. B. To maintain a good figure.
C. To keep physical health. D. To pursue inner peace.
2. Which of the following words can best describe the author
A. Proud. B. Determined. C. Outgoing. D. Modest.
3. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A. The author occasionally joined in the marathon before.
B. Half marathon seemed longer than expected all the way.
C. What is worth doing well is to achieve high scores.
D. What the author can gain during the process matters most.
4. What message does the article convey to readers
A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. A good beginning is half success.
C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Time lost cannot be regained.
（2024·广东深圳·模拟预测）All I needed to do to earn the two dollars was to clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house with things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine.
Working for her brought me a sense of pride, not only because I could immerse myself in little luxuries like movies and candy, but also because I contributed half of my earnings to my mother, ensuring they were used for necessities. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile and confirmations that I was adult-like, not childlike.
Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house — good enough to be given more to do. After struggling to move the piano, my limbs ached terribly. Despite wanting to decline or voice my discomfort, I feared losing my job and the independence and respect it afforded me. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply elegant to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few.
Still, I had trouble summoning up (鼓起) the courage to object to the increasing demands she made. Despite feeling overwhelmed, I hesitated to voice my concerns, knowing my mother would urge me to quit. However, one day while alone in the kitchen with my father, I expressed my disappointment. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself. You make the job; it doesn’t make you. You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.”
I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and fools, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father, I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above my self-worth and family value.
5. What mainly enabled the author to bear the burden of work
A. Abundant exposure to entertainment.
B. Satisfaction gained from social work.
C. Inborn abilities to handle work stress.
D. Pride in shouldering family obligations.
6. Which of the following can best describe the author’s character
A. Determined and independent. B. Responsible but innocent.
C. Family-oriented and humorous. D. Ambitious but stubborn.
7. What did the author’s father make her understand
A. Don’t abandon her moral principles.
B. Don’t be pessimistic about her identity.
C. Try to express her dissatisfaction in a free way.
D. Try to make a distinction between work and life.
8. Which is the message the author wants to convey
A. Success isn’t always guaranteed by hard work alone.
B. Family support can alleviate the pain of challenging work.
C. Don’t regard work achievement as a criterion for defining oneself.
D. Social expectations may lead individuals away from their genuine goals.
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy truck rudely yelled at me. Without much thought, I yelled back at the man, “What Are you in a rush or something ”
I was waiting in line at the drive-through to order our breakfast on a Sunday morning. There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me
I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out.
I told my kids I was so mad that I had to roll my window up so that I wouldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stopped and looked back. I had moved up the 12 or so inches at his “suggestion”, while he hadn’t moved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy for him. He must have been suffering in some way. As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had an idea.
“I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to me. “My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out hate.
9. Why was the driver angry with the author
A. Her car cut in. B. She held up his truck.
C. Her car stopped suddenly. D. She screamed at him.
10. What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3
A. Why her anger kept growing. B. What her kids’ reaction was.
C. How she calmed herself down D. Why she ordered the breakfast.
11. What was the author’s final decision
A. She taught her kids a lesson. B. She apologized to the driver.
C. She paid for the driver’s food. D. She gave the cashier some advice
12. What does the author intend to convey in the text
A. Respond to hate with kindness B. Deal with a man as he deals with you.
C. Put distance between your car and another. D. Never go to the drive-through at rush hours
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第04辑一轮阅读 专题02
阅读理解难点分类突破（写作手法题+写作意图题+文章寓意题）解析版
目录
写作手法题1+3篇 P1
【名师点津】 P2
【高考真题】 P2
【名校模拟】 P3
写作意图题1+3篇 P8
【名师点津】 P8
【高考真题】 P9
【名校模拟】 P11
文章寓意题1+3篇 P16
【名师点津】 P16
【高考真题】 P16
【名校模拟】 P18
写作手法题1+3篇
【名师点津】
高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。
一、根据文章题材来判断。
①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
二、根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence
③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say
④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字
⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally
⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays
⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while,
⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because….
⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内
【高考真题】
(2020年浙江卷第29题) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选
29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。
30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。
【名校模拟】
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）From May to October in the southeastern US, five species of turtles, from loggerheads to Kemp’s ridley, crawl (爬行) ashore under the cover of night to lay their eggs on the very beach they were born. During this time, thousands of turtle-loving volunteers comb the shorelines looking for the turtles’ tracks as part of an ongoing effort to gather population data and protect the nests.
However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.
Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.
Lindborg teamed up with Pepe Peruyero, a dog behaviorist who has trained smell-detecting dogs for over 20 years. Peruyero selected a rescue dog named Dory, a two-year-old terrier mix found wandering along a Florida highway, as the project’s poster dog.
Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. Then, the team convinced the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to allow a friendly competition. During the peak nesting seasons, two groups went around a stretch of shoreline about five miles long in Vero Beach, Florida.
The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.
1. How do female turtles make egg detection more difficult
A. They make misleading tracks in the sand.
B. They destroy their eggs deliberately.
C. They put their eggs in the water.
D. They build nests everywhere.
2. What is most helpful for Dory in finding turtle nests
A. The nature of digging.
B. The sense of competition.
C. The warning from its trainer.
D. The matter on a turtle’s newly laid eggs.
3. How is paragraph 6 mainly developed
A. By giving examples. B. By describing courses.
C. By making comparisons. D. By offering explanations.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The kindness of a man who protects turtle nests.
B. A dog that can find turtle nests successfully.
C. The difficulty of building turtle nests.
D. A new discovery about turtle nests
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于利用探测犬寻找海龟巢穴的研究。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.（然而，要发现海龟蛋并不容易，因为雌性海龟经常会“假爬”，爬出水面但又回来而不产卵。由于海龟会扰乱大片沙地，以隐藏它们的巢穴以躲避捕食者，人类监控人员常常只能猜测海龟蛋的位置。）”可知，雌性海龟通过在沙子上留下误导性的足迹使蛋检测变得更加困难。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. （Peruyero在一个50 * 50平方英尺的人工海滩上训练了几个月，训练多莉对“排泄粘液”的气味发出警报，这是一种粘在海龟新产下的蛋上的粘性物质，林德伯格是她的训练员）”可知，对多莉发现海龟巢最有帮助的是蛋上的粘性物质。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.（多莉发现了来自三个物种的 560 个海龟巢，而人们只发现了 256 个。据 Lindborg 报告，多莉在选择挖蛋位置方面也明显优于人类，从而大大减少了挖洞的数量。虽然人类志愿者在 14.8% 的巢中找不到蛋，但多莉未能产卵的情况只有 5.7%。“多莉对海龟有着敏锐的嗅觉，这可能会改变游戏规则，”林德伯格说。）”可知，第6段主要是通过探测狗多莉和人类搜索海龟蛋对比展开。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.(现在，一项新的研究表明，人类最好的朋友（狗）可以做得更好。迪士尼动物、科学和环境部门的自然资源保护主义者丽贝卡·林德伯格 (Rebekah Lindborg) 最近领导的一项研究显示，一只名叫多莉 (Dory) 的嗅觉狗比人类志愿者更准确地发现了海龟蛋的位置)”、第五段“Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach. Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of ‘cloacal mucus,’ a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler(经过数月对50英尺见方的人造沙滩的训练，多莉被训练成会对“泄殖腔粘液”的气味保持警觉，这是一种覆盖在海龟刚产下的蛋上的粘性物质，而林德伯格是她的训练师)”以及最后一段“Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug.( 多莉在选择挖蛋地点方面也比人们优秀得多，大大减少了挖掘的洞的数量。)可知，本文主要介绍了利用探测犬成功寻找海龟巢穴，故选B项。
（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）The nature of compassion fatigue (同情疲劳) means that many working in traditional care-giving roles are likely to experience its symptoms. This includes first responders, medical professionals, social workers, journalists, and lawyers specializing in family law or criminal law.
Kelli Collins, a licensed family therapist, remarks “Think about muscle fatigue—if you work out too hard, your muscles might simply give out. In the same way, compassion fatigue means your ability to offer compassion to others is dramatically affected.”
Collins herself experienced compassion fatigue as a young therapist working in a community mental health setting, where she “had the strong desire to help” but quickly realized some things were out of her “rang of influence”. She felt herself becoming easily annoyed with loved ones, sleeping very little, and fantasizing about changing careers. It was an overwhelming time, during which she felt she was failing her clients.
“I thought that by giving endless compassion to my clients, I was ‘leaving it all on the field’. In fact, bearing the responsibility for my clients’ pain without consideration for my own needs and limits meant that I wasn’t a particularly effective therapist,” she says.
Lynne Hughes, who founded Comfort Zone in 1999 and now serves as CEO, lost both her parents as a child, experiencing first-hand the lack of resources and support for grieving children. Hughes expresses similar feelings about the challenge of compassion fatigue, stressing the importance of looking inward.
“Suffering from compassion fatigue does not mean you’re bad at helping or caring, it only means the scale between caring for others and caring for yourself is no longer balanced,” she says. “When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself so that ‘your well’ does not run dry.”
But both Hughes and Collins emphasize that it’s not only traditional caregivers who experience compassion fatigue. “It is applicable to anyone in a caring role,” says Hughes, while Collins believes it is a uniquely human condition, occupational or not.
5. Why does Collins mention the muscle fatigue
A. To describe she is in a bad mood.
B. To show she is eager to give a hand.
C. To suggest she has limited pity for others.
D. To explain she is much tired of her customers.
6. Which of the following do Hughes and Collins agree with
A. Care for yourself while caring for others.
B. Compassion fatigue has nothing to do with career.
C. Those with compassion fatigue are poor at helping.
D. Shy persons always tend to suffer compassion fatigue.
7. What does “your well” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A. Pity. B. Nurture. C. Symptoms. D. Occupation.
8. How does the author develop the text
A. By giving examples. B. By quoting arguments.
C. By making comparisons. D. By analyzing reasons and causes.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了同情疲劳的概念，该现象意味着从事传统护理工作的人可能会经历同情疲劳的症状。通过Kelli Collins和Lynne Hughes两位亲历者的经历和观点，文章指出同情疲劳会影响个体对他人的同情能力，强调关注自身需求的重要性。同时，同情疲劳不仅仅适用于传统的护理人员，任何从事关爱工作的人都可能经历这种现象。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段Kelli Collins所说的话“Think about muscle fatigue—if you work out too hard, your muscles might simply give out. In the same way, compassion fatigue means your ability to offer compassion to others is dramatically affected. (想想肌肉疲劳——如果你锻炼过度，你的肌肉可能会疲劳。同理，同情疲劳意味着你同情他人的能力受到了极大的影响。)”可知，她提到肌肉疲劳是为了类比，说明过度同情他人会导致自己的这种能力显著下降，就像过度锻炼会使肌肉无法继续工作一样。由此推知，这是为了解释为什么她对客户感到非常厌倦。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段Collins所说的话“In fact, bearing the responsibility for my clients’ pain without consideration for my own needs and limits meant that I wasn’t a particularly effective therapist (事实上，在不考虑自己的需求和限制的情况下为我的客户的痛苦承担责任，意味着我不是一个特别有效的治疗师)”、第五段中“Hughes expresses similar feelings about the challenge of compassion fatigue, stressing the importance of looking inward. (Hughes对同情疲劳的挑战表达了类似的感受，强调了审视内心的重要性)”和第六段Hughes所说的话“When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself (当你处于培养和照顾他人的角色时，将这种培养和照顾延伸到自己身上是至关重要的)”可推知，两人都认为在关心他人的同时，也要关注自己的需求。故选A。
7. 词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“When you’re in a role where you’re nurturing and caring for others — it’s crucial to extend that nurture and care to yourself (当你处于滋养和照顾他人的角色时，将这种滋养和照顾延伸到自己身上是至关重要的)”可知，Hughes在强调要关注自己的需求，要滋养和照顾自己。再结合so that引导的是结果状语从句可推知，此处描述的是这样做的好处，这种“滋养的井水”不会枯竭，画线部分指的应该是“Nurture (滋养)”。故选B。
8. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过列举Kelli Collins作为家庭治疗师的经历和Lynne Hughes创办Comfort Zone并担任CEO的事例，以及她们对同情疲劳的感受和见解，来阐述同情疲劳的现象、影响以及应对方式。因此，文章通过举例的方式组织文本内容。故选A。
（23-24·沈阳·三模）Air-conditioner’s setting often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men regarding the “correct” temperature for it to be set. And it’s a common debate between couples — the perfect temperature to keep both parties warm but not hot. Research does consistently show women prefer a higher indoor temperature to men. But is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold” more than men
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to produce heat. Women also have more fat between the skin and the muscles, so the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels.
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic(代谢)rate than men, which reduces heat production during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
The hormones oestrogen and progesterone(雌激素和孕激素), found in large quantities in women, contribute to the core body and skin temperatures. Oestrogen dilates(扩张)blood vessels at the extremities. This means more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progesterone can cause the vessels in the skin to narrow, meaning less blood will flow to some areas to keep the inner organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature The “Scandinavian sleep method”, where couples sleep with separate blankets, is one way to overcome the differences in temperature preferences.
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are heat systems that can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. Examples include small desk fans, heated chairs and blankets, or foot-warmers. These systems provide individualised comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space, and have been found to produce higher comfort satisfaction in the workplace. They may also be an energy-efficient method to balance warmth and health in office environments.
9. Why does a couple often have an argument on temperature control
A. Because the wife prefers to work indoors than outdoors.
B. Because the wife would like to stay in a cooler place.
C. Because they have different preference for temperature.
D. Because they have no air-conditioner to heat their office.
10. What may happen to men and women of the same weight
A. Men may be much stronger than women.
B. Men may have more fat than women.
C. Women may feel colder than men.
D. Women may produce more heat than men.
11. How does the fourth paragraph develop
A. By giving examples. B. By listing reasons.
C. By solving problems. D. By making comparisons.
12. Which of the following can help create a comfortable workplace without bothering others
A. Using a personal heater. B. Moving into a warm office.
C. Applying a new heating system. D. Asking for an extra individual room.
【答案】9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析女性比男性更“感觉寒冷”的原因。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“And it’s a common debate between couples — the perfect temperature to keep both parties warm but not hot. Research does consistently show women prefer a higher indoor temperature to men. (这是夫妻之间常见的争论——保持双方温暖但不太热的最佳温度。研究一致表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的室内温度。)”可知，夫妻之间关于温控的争论主要是因为他们对温度有不同的偏好。故选C项。
10. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to produce heat. Women also have more fat between the skin and the muscles, so the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels.(在同等体重的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少。女性的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪，所以皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管稍远。)”可知，相同体重，女人可能会觉得比男人更冷。故选C项。
11. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“The hormones oestrogen and progesterone(雌激素和孕激素), found in large quantities in women, contribute to the core body and skin temperatures. Oestrogen dilates(扩张)blood vessels at the extremities. This means more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progesterone can cause the vessels in the skin to narrow, meaning less blood will flow to some areas to keep the inner organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(女性体内大量存在的雌激素和黄体酮对身体核心和皮肤温度有影响。雌激素使四肢的血管扩张。这意味着更多的热量可能会流失到周围的空气中。黄体酮会导致皮肤血管变窄，这意味着流向某些区域的血液会减少，从而使内脏保持温暖，让女性感觉更凉爽。)”可知，这段主要分析女性感觉更凉爽的原因。故选B项。
12. 细节理解题。由最后一段“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are heat systems that can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. Examples include small desk fans, heated chairs and blankets, or foot-warmers. These systems provide individualised comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space, and have been found to produce higher comfort satisfaction in the workplace.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是一种加热系统，可以局部放置在个人工作场所，如台式机、椅子或脚部和腿部附近。示例包括小型桌扇、加热的椅子和毯子，或暖脚器。这些系统提供个性化的舒适度，以满足个人需求，而不会影响同一空间中的其他人，并已被发现在工作场所产生更高的舒适度满意度。) ”可知，使用个人加热器能帮助创造一个舒适的工作场所而不打扰他人。故选A项。
写作意图题1+3篇
【名师点津】
每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章 之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。
1. 主旨推断法。
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。
2. 文体推断法。
①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（to attract readers）。
②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（to entertain readers）、或给读者某种启示。
③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（to inform readers），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。
④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（to persuade readers），倡导某种做法等。
【高考真题】
(2024新课标II卷第35题)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
【名校模拟】
（2024·江西·二模）Disagreements have arisen in Northern France after many ancient standing stones were damaged to make way for a new hardware chain (五金连锁店).
About 39 stones, dating back at least 7,000 years, were removed from the site, which sits on one of Europe’s most famous prehistoric attractions, Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported. “The site has been damaged,” local archaeologist Christian Obeltz told AFP.
Carnac, often described as “French Stonehenge”, is famous for its spreading fields of large tall stones. The stones are arranged in long, straight lines and, according to the Carnac Tourist Office, it is the largest collection of this type of standing stone in the world. The two main sites alone, at Menec and Kermarjo, house nearly 3,000 standing monuments covering over 4 miles.
The purpose of this ancient curiosity is still unknown. Many believe it may have had something to do with religion, while others think it could have served as a farming calendar. One idea even suggests that the stones are connected to a sad event that happened to a Roman army.
The Regional Office of Cultural Affairs for Brittany, which is responsible for protecting the cultural monument, made a statement on disagreements over building the store on Wednesday. “Given the uncertain and non-major character of the remains, damage to a site of historical value has not been established,” the statement said. However, Obeltz mentioned that there hasn’t been enough research in the area to decide whether the stones were historically important.
News of building the store has caused a storm of angry comments on social media, with many expressing their thoughts on the loss of the ancient stones. “Poor Carnac! The commodification (商品化) of the world prepares the man without memories,” said Philippe de Villiers, France’s former Secretary of State for Culture.
“In Carnac, 39 standing stone monuments survived Julius Caesar, World War I and World War II. But not Mr. DIY!” the Twitter account Dom Revolution wrote.
1. What happened to the 39 stones
A. They were sold to a store. B. They were worn with time.
C. They were moved away. D. They were used to build a building.
2. What makes Carnac stand out as a site of stone monuments
A. Its unique shape. B. Its large size.
C. Its long rich history. D. Its connection with an army.
3. What may the Regional Office agree with
A. The site has low historical value. B. The site needs government protection.
C. The site is not very well-known. D. The site should have been studied more.
4. Why does the author mention opinions on the Internet
A. To share people’s last memories of Carnac.
B. To stress the importance of protecting Carnac.
C. To show public anger at Carnac’s situation.
D. To give more information about Carnac’s history.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了在法国北部，为了给一家新的五金连锁店腾地方，许多古老的立石遭到破坏，引发了争议。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Disagreements have arisen in Northern France after many ancient standing stones were damaged to make way for a new hardware chain(在法国北部，由于许多古老的立石被破坏以便为一家新的五金连锁店让路，引发了争议。)”可知，这39块石头被移走了。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The stones are arranged in long, straight lines and, according to the Carnac Tourist Office, it is the largest collection of this type of standing stone in the world.( 这些石头排列成长长的直线，根据卡尔纳克旅游局的说法，这是世界上最大的这种类型立石的集合地)”可知，Carnac因其庞大的规模而著称。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The Regional Office of Cultural Affairs for Brittany, which is responsible for protecting the cultural monument, made a statement on disagreements over building the store on Wednesday. “Given the uncertain and non-major character of the remains, damage to a site of historical value has not been established,” the statement said(布列塔尼地区文化事务办公室，负责保护该文化遗迹，于周三就建造商店引发的争议发表了声明。声明中表示：“鉴于遗存的不确定性和非主要特性，尚未确定对具有历史价值地点的破坏”)”可知，布列塔尼地区文化事务办公室可能认为这个遗址的历史价值不高。故选A。
4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“News of building the store has caused a storm of angry comments on social media, with many expressing their thoughts on the loss of the ancient stones.( 建造商店的消息在社交媒体上引发了愤怒的舆论浪潮，许多人纷纷表达了对失去这些古老石块的想法)”以及最后一段“In Carnac,39 standing stone monuments survived Julius Caesar, World War I and World War II. But not Mr. DIY!( 在卡尔纳克，39座立石纪念碑经历了尤利乌斯 凯撒、第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战。但没能挺过DIY先生！)”可知，作者提及网络上的观点是为了展示公众对于Carnac当前状况的愤怒。故选C。
（2024·江西·一模）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman.
The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.”
On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.
Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”
5. What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean
A. Winning wide praise. B. Making a personal breakthrough.
C. Disobeying rules of her career. D. Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement.
6. Which of the following best describe Wan Qiuwen
A. Courageous and creative. B. Professional and determined.
C. Conservative and hardworking. D. Responsible and self-disciplined.
7. What can be learned from the accident happening on August 20, 2020
A. It is visible for Wan to see clearly the site from the sky.
B. Both the oil tanker and the cargo ship sank after collision.
C. During the rescue, Wan threw down a rope without hesitation.
D. Before taking rescue action Wan made a judgement on the situation.
8. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To call on more people to be a sea-rescue pilot.
B. To inform the risks of becoming a sea-rescue pilot.
C. To introduce an exceptional woman sea-rescue pilot.
D. To educate people the meaning of breaking through gender prejudice.
【答案】5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一万秋雯，她突破性别障碍，执行300多起救援任务，承诺拯救更多生命的故事。
5. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.(然而，凭借她的海上智慧，万秋雯发现了幸存者并执行了一次成功的救援行动。她在波涛汹涌的海面上盘旋了几分钟，以估测最佳的营救位置，随后投下绳索，救起了一名重伤的船员)”可知，万秋雯是专业的，根据第四段“Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”(现在，作为一名男孩的母亲，当人们问她孩子长大后是否会继续飞行时，万秋雯的回答是肯定的。“这个职业关乎拯救生命，我是一名救援飞行员，从前是，永远都是。”)”可知，万秋雯具有坚定的决心。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.(她在波涛汹涌的海面上盘旋了几分钟，以估测最佳的营救位置，随后投下绳索，救起了一名重伤的船员)”可知，在进行营救行动之前，万秋雯对情况进行了判断。故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据全文内容及第二段中“The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations.(这位来自上海的36岁女性打破了性别障碍，成为了中国首批两位参与货船遇险、船只事故、医疗紧急情况及特殊海上作业搜救任务的女性救援直升机飞行员之一)”可知，文章主要讲述了万秋雯作为中国首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的卓越事迹和个人经历，突出了她的勇气、专业和对职业的承诺。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍这位杰出的女性海上救援飞行员。故选C。
（2024·山东·三模）Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks, Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of the wild.
9. Which of the following best describes the testing process
A. Flexible. B. Reliable. C. Simple. D. Loose.
10. What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley
A. Ecology imbalance. B. Biodiversity enrichment.
C. Species competition. D. Tourism boost.
11. What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4
A. The joy of winning the award. B. The outcome of noise pollution.
C. The activities of enjoying quiet. D. The value of natural quiet.
12. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B. To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C. To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D. To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
【答案】9. B 10. B 11. D 12. B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州的一条河流获得了“安静公园国际组织”颁发的“安静小径奖”，并介绍了这条河流的特点和价值。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Our testing process is very exact.(我们的测试过程非常精确。)”可知测试过程非常精确，可推理出这个测试过程是非常可靠的。故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species.(六个主要的生态系统在尼欧布拉拉国家风景河流域交汇，形成了一个由 160 多种动植物组成的特殊混合体。)”可知，生态系统在山谷中的交汇导致了生物多样性的丰富。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places(从宁静的星空夜晚到宁静的自然逃亡，它揭示了在许多其他地方无法享受的东西)”可知，Susan Cook 强调了自然安静的价值。故答案为 D。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan.(安静公园国际组织（QPI）有充分的理由将安静小径奖授予尼欧布拉拉国家风景河流，使其成为继台湾翠峰湖小径之后世界上另一条安静小径。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告知一条安静的河流获得了认可。故选B。
文章寓意题3篇
【名师点津】
1. 关注选项格言或成语含义，甚至言外之意，做题留痕圈。
2. 找到原文相对应的段落或句子描述，进而提炼相应形容词。
3. 比对四个选项，留意答案往往是一对一错，选择最佳答案。
【高考真题】
(2023天津卷第45题)I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …
41. What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind
A. Her miserable past.
B. An unforgettable sport event.
C. The stories behind the violins.
D. Her childhood memory.
42. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
A. mindless and bad-tempered
B. caring and supportive
C. strict and demanding
D. tolerant and sympathetic
43. What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration
A. The tune of the flutes.
B. The beat of the drums.
C. The sound of the violin.
D. The manner of the musicians.
44. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra
A. The steady improvement in her taste.
B. Her strong desire for success.
C. Her natural gift for music.
D. The rapid progress in her ability.
45. What message does Tara's story convey
A. It's never too young to learn.
B. A passionate interest works wonders.
C. Hard work will pay off in the long run.
D. Like mother, like daughter.
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。
41. 细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。
42. 推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。
43. 细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。
44. 细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。
45. 主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。
【名校模拟】
（2024·河南三门峡·一模）I’d finally got some alone time as a new mom. I put on my running shoes and I found my rhythm as my feet hit the ground. My adrenaline (肾上腺素) kicked in as I told myself, “This is my comeback.” Prior to giving birth to a baby, I had been a runner since my 20s. Running made me feel free and it brought me a sense of peace I couldn’t find anywhere else. The harder my feet worked, the more I relaxed.
Now, as a new mom in my late 30s, I was picking running back up to prove to myself I was still the old me. However, it was not easy. My legs were weak as I shuffled (拖着脚走) down the track. I felt defeated. The old me had never felt so far away. Running felt like a burden, and the joy was far away from me. Even worse, I felt like a living dead at home. My son wasn’t sleeping through the night, which was exhausting all my extra energy.
However, I kept going. I went out for a run again and again. A few times a week, I pulled on my shoes and slowly, my one mile route turned into a 5kilometer. Gone were the debates in my head over whether I was a good mom and whether my house would ever be clean again. Running just let me be.
I had signed up for the half marathon I ran annually before my son was born as a motivation. When I began running, the marathon route felt so long, but then suddenly, it was over. When I crossed the finish line, I felt like a champion wearing my participant’s medal. My finish time was just a number; what mattered more to me was the journey.
Through my running experience, I have realized that nothing is impossible to a willing heart, not only running, but also anything else.
1. Why did the author run in her twenties
A. To enjoy some alone time. B. To maintain a good figure.
C. To keep physical health. D. To pursue inner peace.
2. Which of the following words can best describe the author
A. Proud. B. Determined. C. Outgoing. D. Modest.
3. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A. The author occasionally joined in the marathon before.
B. Half marathon seemed longer than expected all the way.
C. What is worth doing well is to achieve high scores.
D. What the author can gain during the process matters most.
4. What message does the article convey to readers
A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. A good beginning is half success.
C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Time lost cannot be regained.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了刚刚生产完的妈妈意志坚定地参加马拉松的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Running made me feel free and it brought me a sense of peace I couldn’t find anywhere else. The harder my feet worked, the more I relaxed.(跑步让我感到自由，带给我一种在其他地方找不到的平静感。我的脚越用力，我就越放松)”可知，作者跑步的原因是追求内心的平静，故选D项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“However, I kept going. I went out for a run again and again. A few times a week, I pulled on my shoes and slowly, my one mile route turned into a 5kilometer.(然而，我继续前进。我一次又一次地出去跑步。一周几次，我穿上鞋子，慢慢地，我的一英里路线变成了五公里)”可知，作者是意志坚定的。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“My finish time was just a number; what mattered more to me was the journey.( 我的完成时间只是一个数字；对我来说更重要的是旅程)”可知，对作者而言在跑步过程中所获得的是最重要的。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through my running experience, I have realized that nothing is impossible to a willing heart, not only running, but also anything else.(通过我的跑步经历，我意识到，对于一颗愿意的心，没有什么是不可能的，不仅是跑步，还有其他任何事情)”可知，本文给我们的人生启发是“有志者，事竟成”。故选A项。
（2024·广东深圳·模拟预测）All I needed to do to earn the two dollars was to clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house with things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine.
Working for her brought me a sense of pride, not only because I could immerse myself in little luxuries like movies and candy, but also because I contributed half of my earnings to my mother, ensuring they were used for necessities. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile and confirmations that I was adult-like, not childlike.
Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house — good enough to be given more to do. After struggling to move the piano, my limbs ached terribly. Despite wanting to decline or voice my discomfort, I feared losing my job and the independence and respect it afforded me. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply elegant to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few.
Still, I had trouble summoning up (鼓起) the courage to object to the increasing demands she made. Despite feeling overwhelmed, I hesitated to voice my concerns, knowing my mother would urge me to quit. However, one day while alone in the kitchen with my father, I expressed my disappointment. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself. You make the job; it doesn’t make you. You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.”
I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and fools, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father, I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above my self-worth and family value.
5. What mainly enabled the author to bear the burden of work
A. Abundant exposure to entertainment.
B. Satisfaction gained from social work.
C. Inborn abilities to handle work stress.
D. Pride in shouldering family obligations.
6. Which of the following can best describe the author’s character
A. Determined and independent. B. Responsible but innocent.
C. Family-oriented and humorous. D. Ambitious but stubborn.
7. What did the author’s father make her understand
A. Don’t abandon her moral principles.
B. Don’t be pessimistic about her identity.
C. Try to express her dissatisfaction in a free way.
D. Try to make a distinction between work and life.
8. Which is the message the author wants to convey
A. Success isn’t always guaranteed by hard work alone.
B. Family support can alleviate the pain of challenging work.
C. Don’t regard work achievement as a criterion for defining oneself.
D. Social expectations may lead individuals away from their genuine goals.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者小时候为邻居打扫房间赚取零花钱的经历，展现了作者成长过程中的心路历程。作者不仅享受到了劳动带来的物质满足和家人的肯定，也学会了面对困难时坚持和自我尊重的重要性。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Working for her brought me a sense of pride, not only because I could immerse myself in little luxuries like movies and candy, but also because I contributed half of my earnings to my mother, ensuring they were used for necessities.(为她工作给我带来了一种自豪感，不仅因为我可以沉浸在像电影和糖果这样的小奢侈品中，还因为我把一半的收入捐给了我母亲，确保这些收入用于生活必需品)”可知，是承担家庭责任带来的自豪感让作者能够承受工作的重担。故选D项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“After struggling to move the piano, my limbs ached terribly. Despite wanting to decline or voice my discomfort, I feared losing my job and the independence and respect it afforded me.(挣扎着搬动钢琴后，我的四肢痛得厉害。尽管我想拒绝或表达我的不适，但我害怕失去我的工作，失去它给我的独立和尊重)”可知，尽管很辛苦，但作者选择了坚持，由此推知她一个意志坚定的人(determined)；根据第二段中“I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile and confirmations that I was adult-like, not childlike.(我的地位是做家务所没有的——这让我得到了一个缓慢的微笑，一个成年人赞许的点头。证明了我是成年人，而不是孩子)”可知，作者认为自己是成年人，不是孩子，说明她的独立(independent)。故选A项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第四段中父亲的话“Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself. You make the job; it doesn’t make you. You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.(不管是什么工作，都要做好——不是为了老板，而是为了你自己。是你去完成这份工作；不是工作影响你。你所做的工作不能代表你；你就是你自己)”可知，作者的父亲让她明白要试着把工作和生活区分开来。故选D项。
8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father, I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above my self-worth and family value.(我做过很多种工作，但自从和父亲的那次谈话之后，我就不再把工作水平作为衡量自己的标准，也不再把工作的安全感置于自我价值和家庭价值之上)”可知，作者认为不能把工作成绩作为衡量自己的标准，不把工作置于自我价值和家庭价值之上。故选C项。
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy truck rudely yelled at me. Without much thought, I yelled back at the man, “What Are you in a rush or something ”
I was waiting in line at the drive-through to order our breakfast on a Sunday morning. There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me
I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out.
I told my kids I was so mad that I had to roll my window up so that I wouldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stopped and looked back. I had moved up the 12 or so inches at his “suggestion”, while he hadn’t moved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy for him. He must have been suffering in some way. As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had an idea.
“I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to me. “My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out hate.
9. Why was the driver angry with the author
A. Her car cut in. B. She held up his truck.
C. Her car stopped suddenly. D. She screamed at him.
10. What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3
A. Why her anger kept growing. B. What her kids’ reaction was.
C. How she calmed herself down D. Why she ordered the breakfast.
11. What was the author’s final decision
A. She taught her kids a lesson. B. She apologized to the driver.
C. She paid for the driver’s food. D. She gave the cashier some advice
12. What does the author intend to convey in the text
A. Respond to hate with kindness B. Deal with a man as he deals with you.
C. Put distance between your car and another. D. Never go to the drive-through at rush hours
【答案】9. B 10. A 11. C 12. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在驾车排队等待时，遭到后方司机的无理指责，作者虽然一度愤怒，但最后选择了以善意回应恶意的故事。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!(‘嘿，女士！你现在可以把你的丑车往前挪挪了！’)”和第二段“There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me (我的车前面大概只有12英寸左右的空间，那辆车前面还有三辆其他的车。我们几乎一动不动。他冲我大吼大叫，到底希望得到什么好处？)”可知，司机对作者生气是因为她阻碍了他的车子，尽管实际上前面的车都几乎没动，而作者与前车的距离只有12英寸左右，并没有造成阻碍。故选B。
10. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out.(在这次荒谬的交流之后，我想放下自己的愤怒。但我越是想这件事，就越是愤怒。我生气的是，他竟然在两个孩子面前对一个母亲大吼大叫。我的女儿和儿子都对他们刚刚目睹的一切感到困惑和难过。我们正要去一个足球比赛，我们有一个额外的休息日，不用上学也不用工作。可能，世界上没有什么值得烦恼的。然后这个男人发泄了他的愤怒。)”可知，作者原本想要放下自己的愤怒，但经过反复思考后，愤怒反而加剧了。作者特别强调了这位男子在孩子们面前的行为对孩子们造成的负面影响，以及他们原本应该是一个开心的日子却因为这位男子的愤怒行为而被破坏。由此可知，第三段主要讲述了为什么作者越来越生气。故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had an idea.(当我和孩子们慢慢走向取货窗口为我们的订单付款时，我有了一个主意。)”和文章最后一段“I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to me. (‘我听说那个人对你有多粗鲁，我想向你道歉，因为我不得不忍受他。他不值得为他付钱，’收银员对我说。)”可知，作者最后决定为那位粗鲁的司机支付早餐费，这是她对事件的最终回应。故选C。
12. 推理判断题。通过最后一段中““My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out hate.(‘我的孩子们支持我这样做，’我回答收银员，并补充说，仇恨不能驱除仇恨。)”，再结合文章内容可知，尽管那位司机对作者粗鲁，但是作者最终决定为他支付餐费；因此，作者想要传达的是以善意回应恶意。故选A项。
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