中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第04辑一轮阅读 专题03
阅读理解难点分类突破 （性格描述题+事件评价题+首段例证题）解析版
目录
性格描述题1+3篇 P1
【名师点津】 P1
【高考真题】 P1
【名校模拟】 P3
事件评价题1+3篇 P8
【名师点津】 P8
【高考真题】 P8
【名校模拟】 P10
首段例证题1+3篇 P14
【名师点津】 P14
【高考真题】 P14
【名校模拟】 P16
性格描述题1+3篇
【名师点津】
“性格描述题”的最优处理方法：
第一、先整体把握人物经历、产品性能及文章主题，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。
第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。
【高考真题】
(2024新课标I卷第24题)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
【名校模拟】
（2024·云南曲靖·二模）In a heartwarming display of community spirit, six student lacrosse (长曲棍球) players from Roslyn High School in New York have come together to make sports more accessible for people with disabilities. The initiative, dubbed" Lacrosse My Heart," was started by a group of teenagers who were inspired to create a more inclusive environment for their peers with disabilities.
The program focuses on adapting lacrosse, a popular sport in the area, to meet the needs of individuals with physical and cognitive disabilities. The students have designed specialized equipment and rules to ensure that everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities. For example, they have created larger goals and lighter balls to make scoring easier, and have implemented modifications such as allowing players to use their hands to catch and throw the ball. These adaptations have made the sport more accessible and enjoyable for all participants.
The program has gained significant support from the local community, with many schools and organizations donating resources and volunteering their time. The students have also received guidance from experts in adapted physical education, ensuring that the program is safe and enjoyable for all participants. This collaboration has helped to create a program that is both inclusive and beneficial for everyone involved.
One of the key aspects of Lacrosse My Heart is its emphasis on building relationships between able-bodied students and those with disabilities. The founders wanted to create an environment where kids with disabilities could feel included and build friendships with their peers. This approach has been successful, with participants reporting increased confidence and social skills.
Lacrosse My Heart is not only providing opportunities for individuals with disabilities to participate in sports but also promoting understanding and acceptance among young people. By creating a welcoming environment and adapting sports to meet individual needs, these high school students are breaking down barriers and fostering a sense of community that goes beyond the playing field. Their efforts are not only changing lives but also inspiring others to create more inclusive spaces for individuals with disabilities.
1. What is the mission of Lacrosse My Heart
A. Making sports inclusive for the disabled.
B. Promoting a type of sport in the community.
C. Raising funds to support people with disabilities.
D. Building accesses to public areas for the disabled.
2. How do the students adapt lacrosse
A. By getting rid of rules.
B. By reducing the weight of balls.
C. By making it tough to score.
D. By prohibiting the use of hands.
3. What is a vital feature of Lacrosse My Heart
A. Engaging disabled people in supporting the community.
B. Donating resources to many schools and organizations.
C. Designing safe programs for experts in physical education.
D. Building bonds between disabled students and non-disabled peers.
4. Which can best describe the founders of the initiative
A. Ambitious and persevering.
B. Confident and adventurous.
C. Caring and socially responsible.
D. Independent and courageous.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了纽约罗斯林高中的六名学生发起了一个名为“Lacrosse My Heart”的项目，旨在让残疾人也能参与到运动中来，他们通过改变规则和设备，使得这项运动更加适应残疾人的需求，同时也促进了残疾人和非残疾人之间的友谊。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The initiative, dubbed Lacrosse My Heart, was started by a group of teenagers who were inspired to create a more inclusive environment for their peers with disabilities.”（这个名为“Lacrosse My Heart”的的倡议是由一群青少年发起的，他们受到启发，为残疾同龄人创造一个更具包容性的环境。）以及第二段中“The program focuses on adapting lacrosse, a popular sport in the area, to meet the needs of individuals with physical and cognitive disabilities.”（该计划的重点是调整长曲棍球，这是该地区的一项流行运动，以满足身体和认知残疾人士的需）可推知，Lacrosse My Heart的使命是让残疾人也能参与到运动中来。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, they have created larger goals and lighter balls to make scoring easier, and have implemented modifications such as allowing players to use their hands to catch and throw the ball.”（例如，他们创造了更大的目标和更轻的球，使得得分更容易，并且实施了一些修改，比如允许球员用手来接球和投球。）可推知，学生们是通过减轻球的重量来适应长曲棍球的。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“One of the key aspects of Lacrosse My Heart is its emphasis on building relationships between able-bodied students and those with disabilities. The founders wanted to create an environment where kids with disabilities could feel included and build friendships with their peers. ”（Lacrosse My Heart的一个关键方面是它强调建立健全学生和残疾学生之间的关系。创始人想要创造一个环境，让残疾儿童能够感受到包容，并与同龄人建立友谊。）可推知，Lacrosse My Heart的一个重要特征是建立残疾学生和非残疾同伴之间的联系。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“By creating a welcoming environment and adapting sports to meet individual needs, these high school students are breaking down barriers and fostering a sense of community that goes beyond the playing field. Their efforts are not only changing lives but also inspiring others to create more inclusive spaces for individuals with disabilities.”（通过创造一个温馨的环境和适应个人需求的体育运动，这些高中生正在打破障碍，培养一种超越赛场的社区意识。他们的努力不仅改变了生活，也激励其他人为残疾人创造更包容的空间。）可知，关心他人和有社会责任感最能描述该倡议的创始人。故选C项。
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）Frank Bowling, one of Britain’s most celebrated abstract painters, is selling prints of his work to help fund art supplies for 100 primary schools in the UK. It is part of a project that he hopes will be a “game changer” in art education by making state school students realize art is not off limits.
Art education in state schools is under threat, with its cost on per pupil in England falling by nearly 10% in real terms since 2009 and many institutions having to cut back on art lessons including fine art. A study by the Fabian Society in 2019 found that 68% of primary school teachers in England felt there was less art education then than in 2010, with under half believing the quality had decreased.
Bowling’s son, Ben Bowling, helped organize the project. Proceeds from the sale of 100 signed prints will fund “art package”, which include canvas (油画布), paint and six-lesson curriculum that could give about 30,000 primary school children an “alternative” introduction to art. He said, “Enabling children of all ages, irrespective of their family background or their means, to have access to art education and material is the goal.”
The idea for the project came when Frank Bowling began to receive invitations from London schools whose pupils were using his work as inspiration. Together with his son, he started visiting schools and doing presentations to six- and seven-year-olds and realized there were things they needed. Ben noted, “Art schools in England have become the preserve of the elite (精英).”
Frank Bowling said, “Artists will always do what they have to do and find ways of doing. Art finds a way, but young children need schools to be a place of artistic possibilities. It’s not just about making art; it’s about making sure they feel inspired to create, no matter what.”
5. What is threatening art education in state schools
A. The shortage of art schoolteachers.
B. The increase in the cost of art lessons.
C. The instability of art learning opportunities.
D. The reduction in investment in art education.
6. What is the aim of Bowling’s project
A. To advocate abstract paintings.
B. To raise fund for state schools.
C. To make art accessible to more children.
D. To change the way of art education.
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Elites think highly of art education.
B. Art is a stimulation to children’s creativity.
C. Great changes will take place in art schools.
D. Artists have found a way for artistic possibilities.
8. Which of the following best describes Frank Bowling
A. Generous and caring.
B. Devoted and modest.
C. Sympathetic and patient.
D. Outgoing and influential.
【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英国最著名的抽象画家之一Frank Bowling正在出售自己的作品，以资助英国100所小学的艺术用品的事迹。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Art education in state schools is under threat, with its cost on per pupil in England falling by nearly 10% in real terms since 2009 and many institutions having to cut back on art lessons including fine art. (公立学校的艺术教育正面临威胁，自2009年以来，英国每个学生的实际成本下降了近10%，许多机构不得不削减艺术课程，包括美术课程。)”可知，是对艺术教育投资的减少威胁着公立学校的艺术教育。故选D项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is part of a project that he hopes will be a ‘game changer’ in art education by making state school students realize art is not off limits.(这是一个项目的一部分，他希望通过让公立学校的学生意识到艺术不是禁区，从而成为艺术教育的‘游戏规则改变者’。)”和第三段中“Enabling children of all ages, irrespective of their family background or their means, to have access to art education and material is the goal. (让所有年龄段的孩子，无论他们的家庭背景或经济状况如何，都有机会接受艺术教育和学习艺术材料是我们的目标。)”可知，Bowling项目的目的是让更多的孩子接触到艺术。故选C项。
7. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The idea for the project came when Frank Bowling began to receive invitations from London schools whose pupils were using his work as inspiration. (当Frank Bowling开始收到伦敦学校的邀请时，这个项目的想法就来了，这些学校的学生都以他的作品为灵感。)”和最后一段中“It’s not just about making art; it’s about making sure they feel inspired to create, no matter what.(这不仅仅是关于艺术创作；这是为了确保他们无论如何都能感受到创作的灵感。)”可知，艺术能激发孩子们的创造力。故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Frank Bowling, one of Britain’s most celebrated abstract painters, is selling prints of his work to help fund art supplies for 100 primary schools in the UK.(英国最著名的抽象画家之一Frank Bowling正在出售自己的作品，以资助英国100所小学的艺术用品。)”和最后一段中“Artists will always do what they have to do and find ways of doing. Art finds a way, but young children need schools to be a place of artistic possibilities. (艺术家总是会做他们必须做的事情，并找到做事情的方法。艺术是有出路的，但孩子们需要学校成为一个充满艺术可能性的地方。)”可知，Frank Bowling即慷慨又关心孩子们。故选A项。
（2024·湖北·二模）On that day, I was firstly invited by my colleague, Marion, to her birthday party. When I arrived and sat in the corner, a young man opened the door. He was the most handsome man I had seen in my 22 years-with a black crew haircut, a small mustache and beautiful blue eyes. “He is an excellent example,” Marion whispered to me. “And his name was Johan Viggo.”
I was extremely shy and nervous when the party started. We all played the Catch the Fox; but I cheated and got Johan Viggo’s number, 13. Before I could call it, he called my number, 10. I was caught by him. Later, I learned that he had cheated, too. Afterwards, we as friends matched, and had a better understanding.
When drinks and food were served, Johan Viggo offered me a taste of his ice cream. He sat with me and asked if he could take me home. I agreed. And eventually, Marion waved us out of her party one by one.
Several days later, Johan Viggo said his vacation was over and he would return to his ground troops where he served, saying he had a lot to do. “During my break, I will go online to teach my primary school students music.”
Two months ago, Bosnian Kalesic, head of Woods Primary School, Marion’s friend, told Johan Viggo she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She said, “Johan is an excellent example. He also teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.”
However, Johan Viggo said to me he was not doing anything extraordinary. “My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do. I am here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 24 hours straight in the freezing cold, I’m ready to do that, because it’s my duty as a soldier to follow orders.”
9. Why does the author mention the Catch the Fox in Paragraph 2
A. To display number 13 is more popular than number 10.
B. To prove the most popular party is constantly changing.
C. To show that he and Viggo both have a desire to know each other.
D. To suggest that he and Viggo have known each other for a long time.
10. What does Bosnian Kalesic want to convey in Paragraph 5
A. Viggo was very strict with kids. B. Viggo was irreplaceable anytime.
C. Viggo had a positive effect on kids. D. Viggo was diligent and independent.
11. What’s the double identity of Johan Viggo
A. A soldier and teacher. B. A soldier and student.
C. A headmaster and writer. D. A headmaster and teacher.
12. Which of the following can best describe Viggo
A. Ambitious. B. Devoted. C. Humorous. D. Outgoing.
【答案】9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者在一次聚会上认识了一名优秀的男士，他既是一位仍在服役的战士，也是一位深受孩子们喜爱的音乐老师。
9. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We all played the Catch the Fox; but I cheated and got Johan Viggo’s number, 13. Before I could call it, he called my number, 10. I was caught by him. Later, I learned that he had cheated, too. Afterwards, we as friends matched, and had a better understanding. (我们都玩捉狐狸；但我作弊拿到了Johan Viggo的号码，13号。我还没来得及叫号，他就叫我的号码，10。我被他抓住了。后来，我才知道他也作弊了。后来，我们作为朋友进行了配对，加深了了解。)”可知，作者是作弊拿到了Johan Viggo的号码，13号，而对方也作弊拿到了作者的号码，由此可知推断，作者与Johan Viggo他们俩都是怀着认识对方的目的而有意作弊的。故选C项。
10. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She said, “Johan is an excellent example. He also teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.”(她说：“Johan是一个很好的榜样。他还教会我们的孩子训练和决心的重要性。”)”可知，Johan教会孩子训练和决心的重要性，由此可知，Johan Viggo对孩子们有积极的影响。故选C项。
11. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“During my break, I will go online to teach my primary school students music.(在我休息的时候，我会上网教我的小学生音乐。)”可知，Viggo在休息时间会上网教他的小学生音乐，结合最后一段中的“My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do. I am here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 24 hours straight in the freezing cold, I’m ready to do that, because it’s my duty as a soldier to follow orders.(我妈妈是一名音乐老师。所以我才会这么做。我是来做需要做的事的，如果这意味着我要在寒冷的室外站24小时，我已经准备好了，因为作为一名士兵，服从命令是我的职责。)”可知，Viggo说作为一名士兵，服从命令是他的职责，由以上信息可知，Viggo既是一名战士也是一名教师。故选A项。
12. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do. I am here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 24 hours straight in the freezing cold, I’m ready to do that, because it’s my duty as a soldier to follow orders.(我妈妈是一名音乐老师。所以我才会这么做。我是来做需要做的事的，如果这意味着我要在寒冷的室外站24小时，我已经准备好了，因为作为一名士兵，服从命令是我的职责。)”可知，Viggo认为他是来做需要做的事情，如果意味着要在寒冷的室外站24小时他都做好了准备，他认为作为士兵，服从命令是他的职责，由此可知，Viggo具有奉献精神，做事情总是尽心尽力的。故选B项。
事件评价题1+3篇
【名师点津】
“事件评价题”的最优处理方法：
第一、先整体把握人物经历、产品性能及文章主题，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。
第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。
【高考真题】
(2024北京卷第)When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author _________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream
A. Confusing. B. Empowering.
C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
24.推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
25.细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
27.推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
【名校模拟】
（2024·山东·三模）Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks, Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of the wild.
1. Which of the following best describes the testing process
A. Flexible. B. Reliable. C. Simple. D. Loose.
2. What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley
A. Ecology imbalance. B. Biodiversity enrichment.
C. Species competition. D. Tourism boost.
3. What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4
A. The joy of winning the award. B. The outcome of noise pollution.
C. The activities of enjoying quiet. D. The value of natural quiet.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B. To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C. To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D. To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州的一条河流获得了“安静公园国际组织”颁发的“安静小径奖”，并介绍了这条河流的特点和价值。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Our testing process is very exact.(我们的测试过程非常精确。)”可知测试过程非常精确，可推理出这个测试过程是非常可靠的。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species.(六个主要的生态系统在尼欧布拉拉国家风景河流域交汇，形成了一个由 160 多种动植物组成的特殊混合体。)”可知，生态系统在山谷中的交汇导致了生物多样性的丰富。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places(从宁静的星空夜晚到宁静的自然逃亡，它揭示了在许多其他地方无法享受的东西)”可知，Susan Cook 强调了自然安静的价值。故答案为 D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan.(安静公园国际组织（QPI）有充分的理由将安静小径奖授予尼欧布拉拉国家风景河流，使其成为继台湾翠峰湖小径之后世界上另一条安静小径。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告知一条安静的河流获得了认可。故选B。
（23-24高三下·安徽蚌埠·期中）While they were still growing up, kids are basically vacuums for vocabulary. It is estimated that a normal kid at the age of 6 possesses a remarkable vocabulary of about thirteen thousand words!
That’s an amazing accomplishment because preliterate children just perceive spoken words and do not have a chance to work on those words. Rather, they learn a fresh vocabulary every 2 hours when awake, regularly. This is particularly extraordinary since the best effective ways for mnemonic devices（记忆术） do not assist with words individually.
A mnemonic has been a training method that changes what we wish to recall to more unforgettable things. For instance, if you desire to get an education on reading music, an easy approach to learning the EGBDF has been recalling the sentence Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge. However, that doesn’t apply to individual words. Due to the lack of simple methods to recall words, children’s brains need to have an inherent（固有的）, strong structure for fast learning a language.
But, as we become older, we start to miss those remarkable skills. Every adult finds it difficult at the time of learning a different tongue, as the ability seems to decline with age. A psychologist, Elisa Newport, did research on people who immigrated（移民） to the US. She discovered that the people who immigrated in the age range of 3 — 7 had been as expert in the grammar of English as those who were US-born. But those who arrived in the age range of 8 — 15, did much worse.
A similar thing can be noticed at the time of learning the initial language. In the past, a small number of kids were raised with no human touch, regularly as a result of negligence. They are called the “wolf children”, similar to “Genie”, the girl who was found at the age of 13 around 1970. Since she was raised with no human touch, she could not create even simple grammatical sentences.
5. Which word can best describe preliterate kids’vocabulary learning
A. Formal. B. Complex. C. Consistent. D. Tough.
6. What’s the disadvantage of the mnemonic in terms of music reading
A. It can be easily forgotten by little kids. B. It involves only letters and listening ability.
C. It is actually meaningless to most people. D. It can’t be used to recall individual words.
7. What’s psychologist Elisa Newport’s new finding
A. People’s language abilities decline as they age.
B. 3 — 7 is a better age range for learning a new language.
C. Kids lose their interest in grammar as they grow older.
D. Kids aged 8 — 15 can’t learn a foreign language well.
8. What does Genie’s example seem to indicate
A. It’s better to immigrate to learn a foreign tongue.
B. It’s urgent to learn a language at the proper age.
C. Every animal possesses a language of their own.
D. A language can be acquired without human touch.
【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了儿童在成长过程中对词汇的吸收能力，以及随着年龄的增长，这种能力的逐渐减弱。
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Rather, they learn a fresh vocabulary every 2 hours when awake, regularly.”（相反，当他们醒着的时候，他们会有规律地每两小时学习一个新词汇。）可知，儿童的词汇学习是持续的。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, that doesn't apply to individual words.”（然而，这并不适用于单个词汇。）可知，助记器在音乐阅读方面的缺点是不能用来记忆单个词汇。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“She discovered that the people who immigrated in the age range of 3 — 7 had been as expert in the grammar of English as those who were US-born.”（她发现在3-7岁期间移民的人在英语语法方面和美国本土出生的人一样熟练。）可推知，3-7岁是学习新语言的最佳年龄段。故选B。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They are called the “wolf children”, similar to “Genie”, the girl who was found at the age of 13 around 1970. Since she was raised with no human touch, she could not create even simple grammatical sentences.”（他们被称为“狼孩子”，类似于1970年左右13岁时被发现的“精灵”女孩。由于她没有接触过人类，她甚至不能构造简单的语法句子。）可推知，适当的年龄学习语言是很重要的。故选B。
（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）We went deep into the earth through dark, narrow caves. When I got used to the light, I stood amazed.
A vast lake or even an ocean, spread far beyond where the eye could see. The shore was lined with shining sand, being softly lapped by waves. It was covered with small shells once inhabited by the first living beings. Around this sea stood a huge rock wall being worn away by the endless action of the waves.
I could see far over this great sea because it was being lit up by a strange light. Not sunlight, of course, as we were deep below the surface. Under the “sky”, if it could be called so, being made of rock, were also vast clouds. The light gave no heat, so the place felt rather gloomy (幽暗的). We were shut up inside a vast cave which must have been several miles high.
My imagination was powerless before such wonders. I felt like I was on some distant planet, and was both amazed and rather scared. However, I was energetic by the breezy salty air supplying more oxygen to my lungs. After many days in much narrower spaces, it was a great relief.
We began to walk following the shore. Soon in front of us appeared a tall, dense forest, composed of trees formed like umbrellas. “Mushrooms!” said my uncle. And he was right! There were mushrooms in their thousands, and each at least thirty feet high.
“Now look under your feet!” cried my uncle and I noticed many bones being crushed under our feet as we walked. Might some monsters still roam (漫步) through these gloomy forests I anxiously surveyed the landscape, but we were the only living creatures here. Thankfully!
Eventually we returned to the cave we had entered from, and I fell asleep with strange thoughts.
— Journey to the centre of the earth
9. What does the underlined word “lapped” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Caught in. B. Sought for. C. Sheltered from. D. Beaten against.
10. Which words can best describe the scene in the author’s eyes
A. Huge, strange and amazing. B. Sunny, windy and wonderful.
C. Salty, narrow and comforting. D. Cloudy, gloomy and embarrassing.
11. What was found on the shore
A. A high and thick forest composed of tree-shaped umbrellas.
B. Lots of bones belonging to monsters that might have disappeared.
C. Thousands of mushrooms measuring no more than thirty feet high.
D. A couple of roaming creatures living in the gloomy and distant planet.
12. What can be inferred from the text
A. The author kept awake in the cave they had entered from.
B. The author thought it strange that he fell asleep in such a cave.
C. The author enjoyed the experience though he felt scared sometimes.
D. The author encountered with a monster before he returned to the cave.
【答案】9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章选自《地心历险记》。叔侄俩通过一个狭窄、黑暗的洞下降到地心，发现一望无际的水域，巨型蘑菇林，野兽残骸等，然后返回洞中休息，其过程既惊悚刺激，又兴奋新奇。
9. 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“The shore was lined with shining sand”（海岸线上铺满了闪亮的沙子。）再根据“by waves”可推知，海岸边是闪闪发光的沙滩，被海浪轻轻地拍打着。lapped在这里意味着被...拍打，故选D。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A vast lake or even an ocean, spread far beyond where the eye could see.”（一个巨大的湖泊，甚至是海洋，远远超出了眼睛所能看到的范围）可知，（洞里有）一眼望不到边的湖水；第三段第三句“Under the ‘sky’, if it could be called so, being made of rock, were also vast clouds.”（在“天空”(如果可以称之为“天空”的话)下面，由于是由岩石构成的，也有大片的云）可知，（洞顶）漂浮着巨大的云朵，所以说空间巨大。根据第四段第二句“I felt like I was on some distant planet, and was both amazed and rather scared.（我感觉我在某个遥远的星球上，我感觉既惊喜又害怕）”可知，巨大、陌生又令人惊喜最能描述作者眼中的场景。故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Now look under your feet!” cried my uncle and I noticed many bones being crushed under our feet as we walked.”（“现在看看你的脚下！”我叔叔喊道，我注意到我们走路时脚下被压碎的许多骨头。）可推知，海岸上发现了许多可能已经消失的怪物的骨头，故选B。
12. 推理判断题。纵观全文，叔侄俩通过一个狭窄、黑暗的洞下降到地心，发现一望无际的水域、巨型蘑菇林、野兽残骸等，然后返回洞中休息，其过程既惊悚刺激，又兴奋新奇。又根据第四段前两句“My imagination was powerless before such wonders. I felt like I was on some distant planet, and was both amazed and rather scared.”（面对这样的奇迹，我的想象力无能为力。我觉得自己好像在某个遥远的星球上，既惊讶又害怕）可知，虽然有时会感到害怕，但作者还是很享受这段经历。故选C。
首段例证题1+3篇
【名师点津】
一、解题小妙招
1.首段举例引出话题居多。
2.提及细节成为佐证。
二、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
【高考真题】
（2023·全国·高考真题28题）Dogs greet other dogs nose-first, as it were—sniffing each other from fore to (especially) aft. People are not quite so open about the process of sniffing each other out. But the size of the perfume industry suggests scent is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that human beings can infer kinship (亲戚关系), deduce emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell.
Now, researchers of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, have gone a step further. They think they have shown, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike. They have also shown that this is probably the case from the beginning, with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odour (气味), rather than the body odours of people who become friends subsequently converging (趋同).
They stated their research by testing the odours of 20 pairs of established non-romantic, same-sex friends. They did this using an electronic nose and also two groups of specially employed human “smellers.” The e-nose employed a set of gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. One group of human smellers were given pairs of these shirts and asked to rate how similar they smelt. Those in the other group were asked to rate the odours of individual T-shirts on five subjective dimensions: pleasantness, intensity, attractiveness, competence and warmth. All three approaches yielded the same result. The T-shirts of friends smelt more similar to each other than the T-shirts of strangers. Friends, in other words, do indeed smell alike.
Why scent might play a role in forming friendships remains obscure. Other qualities related with being friends, including age, appearance, education, religion and race, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so. But while some individuals have strong and noticeable body odour, many—at least since the use of soap has become widespread—do not. It is present. But it is subconscious.
28. Why are dogs and the perfume industry mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To list some examples.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To make a comparison.
D. To provide relevant evidence.
29. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. The body odour is the beginning of friendship.
B. People start to smell alike after becoming friends.
C. Many people are involved as the research samples.
D. Odour-matching may be a reason for being friends.
30. How did the researchers conduct the experiment
A. By trying to yield the same result with three approaches.
B. By testing the odours of 20 non-romantic friends of the same sex.
C. By asking each group to rate the odours of T-shirts on five dimensions.
D. By employing e-nose and human smellers to assess the odours of T-shirts.
31. What does the underlined word “obscure” in the last paragraph mean
A. Unclear. B. Important. C. Obvious. D. Subjective.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个科学发现：气味可能在友谊的形成过程中起作用。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Dogs greet other dogs nose-first, as it were—sniffing each other from fore to (especially) aft. (狗与狗打招呼时先用鼻子，就像从前到后(尤其是)互相嗅对方一样。)”以及本段中“There is also evidence that human beings can infer kinship (亲戚关系), deduce emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell.(也有证据表明，人类可以通过嗅觉推断亲属关系，推断情绪状态，甚至检测疾病。)”可知，文章开头以狗狗为例，说明狗狗通过嗅觉来确定对方，由此为了引出文章的主题即人类也可以通过嗅觉推断亲属或者朋友关系，推断情绪状态。故选B。
29. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now, researchers of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, have gone a step further. They think they have shown, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike. (现在，以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的研究人员又向前迈进了一步。他们认为他们已经证明了——诚然，在相当小的个体样本中——朋友们的气味实际上是相似的。)”可知，以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的研究人员认为，朋友们的气味实际上是相似的。故选D。
30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They stated their research by testing the odours of 20 pairs of established non-romantic, same-sex friends. They did this using an electronic nose and also two groups of specially employed human “smellers.” The e-nose employed a set of gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. (他们通过测试20对没有恋爱关系的同性朋友的气味来陈述他们的研究。他们使用电子鼻和两组专门雇佣的人类“嗅探员”来做到这一点。电子鼻使用了一套气体传感器来评估参与者穿的t恤。)”可知，研究人员通过使用电子鼻和人类嗅觉来评估T恤的气味，从而进行实验。故选D。
31. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“Other qualities related with being friends, including age, appearance, education, religion and race, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so. But while some individuals have strong and noticeable body odour, many—at least since the use of soap has become widespread—do not. It is present. But it is subconscious.(与交朋友有关的其他品质，包括年龄、外貌、教育程度、宗教和种族，要么是显而易见的，要么很快就会显现出来。但是，虽然有些人有强烈而明显的体味，但大多数人——至少自从肥皂的使用变得普遍以来——并没有。它就在眼前。但这是潜意识的。)”可知，为什么气味可能在友谊的行程中起作用还不清楚。因此划线词obscure的意思为“不清楚”。故选A。
【名校模拟】
（2024·浙江金华·模拟预测）It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection.
In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a ta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind.
It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives.
The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences.
1. How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness
A. By tracing its development. B. By analyzing causes.
C. By making a point to be argued. D. By sharing a romantic story.
2. What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on
A. The various terms of solitude. B. The societal impact of solitude.
C. The long-standing history of solitude. D. The psychological benefits of solitude.
3. Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______.
A. stressful B. essential C. changeable D. harmful
4. What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph
A. Enforced solitude is a matter of choice.
B. Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy.
C. Elective solitude is rare in the digital world.
D. Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了独处与孤独的区别，并强调独处对个人成长的重要性。通过历史人物的故事和科学研究，作者提倡在喧嚣世界中寻找独处时光，以恢复内心并享受自我反思的益处。
1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile(流放)to a ‘lonely dragon’retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously ‘wandered lonely as a cloud’, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide ‘cheerful company’. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection.(这个词被认为是由伟大的造币者威廉 莎士比亚创造的。科里奥兰纳斯，他的角色之一，把流亡比作一条‘孤独的龙’隐居在他的洞穴里。他说的是一种生理状态：孤独的人只是一个人。然后，感谢浪漫主义诗人，这个词有了情感意义。孤独成了灵魂的一种状态。对于以‘像一朵云一样孤独地漫游’而闻名的威廉 华兹华斯来说，大自然提供了一种逃离消极孤独感的方式——一群花可以提供‘愉快的陪伴’。如今，孤独常常被视为一个严重的公共健康问题，它会造成一种与外界脱节的感觉。)”可知，第一段通过回顾从莎士比亚最初使用“孤独”一词描述单纯的物理上的独处状态，到浪漫主义诗人将其含义扩展到心灵层面的过程，追溯了“孤独”概念的发展。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a ta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. (心理学教授Netta Weinstein在他的《孤独》一书中想知道独处时间的回报。他首先讲述了作家 Michel Montaigne和画家Edward Hopper等人物创作的孤独故事。然后，Netta利用实验室工作、访谈和调查来阐明独处是如何真正影响人类思维的。)”可知，《孤独》一书着重探讨了独处时间对人心理的正面影响，通过历史人物的故事、实验室研究、访谈和调查数据来阐明独处如何真正作用于人的心理。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude.(孤独，通常被认为是消极的，可以潜在地转化为积极的孤独体验。)”可知，孤独的状态是可以改变的。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to ‘peak experiences’ such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences.(相比之下，选择性的独处提供了自我反思的空间。它可以打开通往‘巅峰体验’的大门，比如奇迹、和谐和幸福。然而，遗憾的是，在一个高度互联的数字时代，许多读者不喜欢他们有足够长的休息时间来体验这种体验。)”可知，Netta可能同意的一个观点是在高度互联的数字时代，许多读者认为自己不太可能有足够长的时间中断来体验“巅峰时刻”，暗示在这样的环境下，人们主动选择的、有利于自我反思的独处变得较为少见，即选择性独处在数字世界中是罕见的。故选C项。
（2024·江西南昌·模拟预测）A vague image shows a nearly naked (赤裸的) man in a vast field of rainforest, spear (矛) held up to the sky and pointed at both the helicopter and photographer circling above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence.
This very scene made headline news some years ago in the UK. It instantly addressed the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal (部落的) communities face as a result of ever-expanding plantations. However, bad news has a way of dominating the front pages, so we’re of the opinion that all aboriginal (原始的) communities are in decline — and that’s not true.
During my travel through Inda, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the early 1990s, I spent some time living with the Kalash, a tribe that inhabits three valleys in the Hindu Kush mountains range. I became frim friends with Saifullah, the chief spokesperson, and we’re still in touch to this day.
Back then I remember talking to a very serious aid worker in the American Club in Peshawar who told me straightly the Kalash, surrounded by conservative Islam, had no chance of survival and would be gone in 10 years. That was 25 years ago. When I caught up with Saifulluah recently, I asked what his response was to those who claim Kalash culture is dying.
“It’s not true,” he exclaimed, “The Kalash culture and community is as strong today as it was when you first came. We still have our festivals. We still have a shaman, bow shakers, and Qazis — people, who are holding the culture, the religious ceremony. Our younger people are not becoming more proud of their culture — they know they are different and they appreciate it. Many are learning the old ways from their seniors,” he added, “There are now over 4,000 Kalasha. Back in the 1970s they were maybe 2,500.”
Will Millard, a TV presenter who spent a year living with the Korawai of West Papua, agrees, “Perhaps tribal communities aren’t in decline, but just in transition,” he told me. “As a human society, we are in constant state of shift. We charge them of losing their culture because they’re wearing clothes, or using a gun instead of arrows, but a T-shirt doesn’t make them any less of a Korawai man. Culture was kept alive below the surface.” added Millard.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To give a defintion. B. To introduce an argument.
C. To make a comparison. D. To demonstrate a fact.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards some media views about tribal communities
A. Sceptical. B. Objective.
C. Dismissive. D. Disapproving.
7. How has the culture of the Kalash changed in the last 25 years
A. Kalash people have increased awareness of their unique culture.
B. The young generation has lost their traditions.
C. The Kalash culture has been declining.
D. Original culture has made Kalash people richer.
8. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Tribal culture is worth preserving.
B. Tribal communities have been damaged.
C. “Disappearing” culture remains the same as before.
D. Traditional communities’ lives are changing.
【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了像Kalash这样的部落文化在面对外界影响时仍然保持活力，强调了部落社会正处于转变而非衰退之中，文化在表面变化下仍被传承。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“ A vague image shows a nearly naked (赤裸的) man in a vast field of rainforest, spear (矛) held up to the sky and pointed at both the helicopter and photographer circling above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. (一张模糊的图像显示，一名几乎裸体的男子在广阔的雨林中，长矛举向天空，指向在他上方盘旋的直升机和摄影师——一名男子保护自己的领土和人民免受外部影响)”和第二段“This very scene made headline news some years ago in the UK. It instantly addressed the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal (部落的) communities face as a result of ever-expanding plantations. However, bad news has a way of dominating the front pages, so we’re of the opinion that all aboriginal (原始的) communities are in decline --- and that’s not true. (几年前，这一幕在英国成为头条新闻。它立即解决了一些部落社区因种植园不断扩大而面临的祖先家园的丧失问题。然而，坏消息总是占据头版，所以我们认为所有的原住民社区都在衰落——这不是真的)”可知，第一段提到的图像画面是为了引出下文对一些部落社区因种植园不断扩大而面临的祖先家园的丧失的现象的讨论。故选B项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This very scene made headline news some years ago in the UK. It instantly addressed the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal (部落的) communities face as a result of ever-expanding plantations. However, bad news has a way of dominating the front pages, so we’re of the opinion that all aboriginal (原始的) communities are in decline --- and that’s not true. (几年前，这一幕在英国成为头条新闻。它立即解决了一些部落社区因种植园不断扩大而面临的祖先家园的丧失问题。然而，坏消息总是占据头版，所以我们认为所有的原住民社区都在衰落——这不是真的)”可知，作者认为所有原住民社区都在衰落这样的观点不是真的，作者的态度是不赞同的。故选D项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Our younger people are not becoming more proud of their culture – they know they are different and they appreciate it. Many are learning the old ways from their seniors, (我们的年轻人并没有对自己的文化感到更加自豪，他们知道自己与众不同，并对此表示赞赏。许多人正在向老年人学习古老的方式)”可知，卡拉什人提高了对其独特文化的认识。故选A项。
8. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Perhaps tribal communities aren’t in decline, but just in transition,” he told me. “As a human society, we are in constant state of shift. We charge them of losing their culture because they’re wearing clothes, or using a gun instead of arrows, but a T-shirt doesn’t make them any less of a Korawai man. Culture was kept alive below the surface.” added Millard.(他告诉我，“也许部落社区并没有衰落，只是处于转型期。”“作为一个人类社会，我们正处于不断变化的状态。我们指责他们因为穿着衣服或用枪代替箭而失去了文化，但T恤并不是让他们不再是一个科罗威人。文化一直存在于表面之下。”米拉德补充道)”可知，部落社区不是在衰落，而是在转型，这种“消失”的文化仍然保持和以前一样。故选C项。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）A sperm whale (抹香鲸) surfaces. The baby whale comes in close to drink milk. When the baby has had its fill, mom moves her tail. Then, together the pair div e down deep. Gasper Begus watches from a boat. “You get this sense of how vast and different their world is when they dive,” he says. “But in some ways, they are so similar to us.”
Sperm whales have families and other important social relationships. They also use loud clicking sounds to communicate. It seems as if they might be talking to each other.
Begus is an expert majoring in languages. He got the chance, last summer, to observe sperm whales in their wild Caribbean habitat off the coast of the island nation of Dominica. With him were marine biologists and roboticists. There were also experts in other fields. All have been working together to listen to sperm whales and figure out what they might be saying.
They call this Project CETI. That’s short for Cetacean Translation Initiative. To get started, Project CETI has three listening stations. Each one is a cable (电缆) hanging deep into the water from the surface. Along the cable, several dozen underwater microphones record whale sounds. From the air, drones (无人机) record video and sounds. Robots do the same underwater. But just collecting all these data isn’t enough. The team needs some way to make sense of it all. That’s where artificial intelligence, or AI, comes in.
Now a type of AI known as machine learning can find patterns from vast amounts of data and you can open an app and use it to help you talk to someone who speaks Japanese or French. One day, the same tech might translate sperm-whale clicks.
Project CETI’s team is not the only group turning to AI for help. Researchers have trained AI models to sort through the sounds of prairie dogs, dolphins and many other creatures. Could their efforts crack the codes of animal communication Let’s take a cue from the sperm whales and div e in head first.
9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To lead in the topic. B. To introduce Gasper Begus.
C. To imply the danger of scientists’ work. D. To show humans and whales’ similarities.
10. What can we know about the Project CETI
A. It needs experts’ joint efforts.
B. It requires a good command of whales’ language.
C. It demands the knowledge of whales’ living habitat.
D. It calls for an understanding of whales’ social relationships.
11. What is Al used to do in Project CETI
A. To collect sounds. B. To analyze data.
C. To monitor whales. D. To operate drones.
12. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The wide application of Al. B. The sperm whales’ parenting styles.
C. The study of the sperm whales’ clicks. D. The ways to track sperm whales.
【答案】9. A 10. A 11. B 12. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过人工智能（AI）技术来尝试理解和解读抹香鲸通过声音进行的交流方式的项目——CETI。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A sperm whale(抹香鲸)surfaces. The baby whale comes in close to drink milk. When the baby has had its fill, mom moves her tail. Then, together the pair div e down deep. Gasper Begus watches from a boat. “You get this sense of how vast and different their world is when they dive,” he says. “But in some ways, they are so similar to us.”(抹香鲸浮出水面。小鲸鱼靠近来喝奶。当宝宝吃饱了，妈妈就摇尾巴。然后，他们俩一起向深处走去。Gasper Begus在船上看着。“当它们潜水时，你会感觉到它们的世界是多么广阔和不同，”他说。“但在某些方面，它们和我们非常相似。”)”可知，第一段描述了抹香鲸母子在海面上的互动，以及Gasper Begus的观察。这样的描述为接下来的内容设定了背景，并自然地引出了科学家试图理解和解读抹香鲸交流方式的研究项目。因此，第一段的目的是引出文章的主要话题，即科学家对抹香鲸交流方式的研究。故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“With him were marine biologists and roboticists. There were also experts in other fields. All have been working together to listen to sperm whales and figure out what they might be saying.(和他一起的还有海洋生物学家和机器人专家。还有其他领域的专家。他们一直在一起合作，倾听抹香鲸的声音，并弄清楚它们可能在说什么。)”可知，CETI项目是一个由海洋生物学家、机器人专家和其他领域的专家组成的团队共同进行的研究。因此，我们可以知道CETI项目需要专家们的共同努力。故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But just collecting all these data isn’t enough. The team needs some way to make sense of it all. That’s where artificial intelligence, or AI, comes in.(但仅仅收集所有这些数据是不够的。团队需要一些方法来理解这一切。这就是人工智能(AI)的用武之地。)”可知，在CETI项目中，人工智能被用来分析收集到的关于抹香鲸声音的数据，以解读它们可能的意义。故选B。
12. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“They call this Project CETI. That’s short for Cetacean Translation Initiative. To get started, Project CETI has three listening stations. Each one is a cable(电缆)hanging deep into the water from the surface. Along the cable, several dozen underwater microphones record whale sounds. From the air, drones(无人机)record video and sounds. Robots do the same underwater. But just collecting all these data isn’t enough. The team needs some way to make sense of it all. That’s where artificial intelligence, or AI, comes in.(他们称之为CETI项目。这是鲸类翻译倡议的简称。首先，CETI项目有三个监听站。每一个都是一根电缆，从水面深深地悬挂在水中。沿着电缆，有几十个水下麦克风记录鲸鱼的声音。从空中，无人机录制视频和声音。机器人在水下也会做同样的事情。但仅仅收集所有这些数据是不够的。团队需要一些方法来理解这一切。这就是人工智能(AI)的用武之地。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家如何通过人工智能（AI）技术来研究和解读抹香鲸的咔嗒声交流方式。故选C。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第04辑一轮阅读 专题03
阅读理解难点分类突破 （性格描述题+事件评价题+首段例证题）原卷版
目录
性格描述题1+3篇 P1
【名师点津】 P1
【高考真题】 P1
【名校模拟】 P2
事件评价题1+3篇 P5
【名师点津】 P5
【高考真题】 P5
【名校模拟】 P6
首段例证题1+3篇 P9
【名师点津】 P9
【高考真题】 P9
【名校模拟】 P10
性格描述题1+3篇
【名师点津】
“性格描述题”的最优处理方法：
第一、先整体把握人物经历、产品性能及文章主题，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。
第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。
【高考真题】
(2024新课标I卷第24题)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
【名校模拟】
（2024·云南曲靖·二模）In a heartwarming display of community spirit, six student lacrosse (长曲棍球) players from Roslyn High School in New York have come together to make sports more accessible for people with disabilities. The initiative, dubbed" Lacrosse My Heart," was started by a group of teenagers who were inspired to create a more inclusive environment for their peers with disabilities.
The program focuses on adapting lacrosse, a popular sport in the area, to meet the needs of individuals with physical and cognitive disabilities. The students have designed specialized equipment and rules to ensure that everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities. For example, they have created larger goals and lighter balls to make scoring easier, and have implemented modifications such as allowing players to use their hands to catch and throw the ball. These adaptations have made the sport more accessible and enjoyable for all participants.
The program has gained significant support from the local community, with many schools and organizations donating resources and volunteering their time. The students have also received guidance from experts in adapted physical education, ensuring that the program is safe and enjoyable for all participants. This collaboration has helped to create a program that is both inclusive and beneficial for everyone involved.
One of the key aspects of Lacrosse My Heart is its emphasis on building relationships between able-bodied students and those with disabilities. The founders wanted to create an environment where kids with disabilities could feel included and build friendships with their peers. This approach has been successful, with participants reporting increased confidence and social skills.
Lacrosse My Heart is not only providing opportunities for individuals with disabilities to participate in sports but also promoting understanding and acceptance among young people. By creating a welcoming environment and adapting sports to meet individual needs, these high school students are breaking down barriers and fostering a sense of community that goes beyond the playing field. Their efforts are not only changing lives but also inspiring others to create more inclusive spaces for individuals with disabilities.
1. What is the mission of Lacrosse My Heart
A. Making sports inclusive for the disabled.
B. Promoting a type of sport in the community.
C. Raising funds to support people with disabilities.
D. Building accesses to public areas for the disabled.
2. How do the students adapt lacrosse
A. By getting rid of rules.
B. By reducing the weight of balls.
C. By making it tough to score.
D. By prohibiting the use of hands.
3. What is a vital feature of Lacrosse My Heart
A. Engaging disabled people in supporting the community.
B. Donating resources to many schools and organizations.
C. Designing safe programs for experts in physical education.
D. Building bonds between disabled students and non-disabled peers.
4. Which can best describe the founders of the initiative
A. Ambitious and persevering.
B. Confident and adventurous.
C. Caring and socially responsible.
D. Independent and courageous.
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）Frank Bowling, one of Britain’s most celebrated abstract painters, is selling prints of his work to help fund art supplies for 100 primary schools in the UK. It is part of a project that he hopes will be a “game changer” in art education by making state school students realize art is not off limits.
Art education in state schools is under threat, with its cost on per pupil in England falling by nearly 10% in real terms since 2009 and many institutions having to cut back on art lessons including fine art. A study by the Fabian Society in 2019 found that 68% of primary school teachers in England felt there was less art education then than in 2010, with under half believing the quality had decreased.
Bowling’s son, Ben Bowling, helped organize the project. Proceeds from the sale of 100 signed prints will fund “art package”, which include canvas (油画布), paint and six-lesson curriculum that could give about 30,000 primary school children an “alternative” introduction to art. He said, “Enabling children of all ages, irrespective of their family background or their means, to have access to art education and material is the goal.”
The idea for the project came when Frank Bowling began to receive invitations from London schools whose pupils were using his work as inspiration. Together with his son, he started visiting schools and doing presentations to six- and seven-year-olds and realized there were things they needed. Ben noted, “Art schools in England have become the preserve of the elite (精英).”
Frank Bowling said, “Artists will always do what they have to do and find ways of doing. Art finds a way, but young children need schools to be a place of artistic possibilities. It’s not just about making art; it’s about making sure they feel inspired to create, no matter what.”
5. What is threatening art education in state schools
A. The shortage of art schoolteachers.
B. The increase in the cost of art lessons.
C. The instability of art learning opportunities.
D. The reduction in investment in art education.
6. What is the aim of Bowling’s project
A. To advocate abstract paintings.
B. To raise fund for state schools.
C. To make art accessible to more children.
D. To change the way of art education.
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Elites think highly of art education.
B. Art is a stimulation to children’s creativity.
C. Great changes will take place in art schools.
D. Artists have found a way for artistic possibilities.
8. Which of the following best describes Frank Bowling
A. Generous and caring.
B. Devoted and modest.
C. Sympathetic and patient.
D. Outgoing and influential.
（2024·湖北·二模）On that day, I was firstly invited by my colleague, Marion, to her birthday party. When I arrived and sat in the corner, a young man opened the door. He was the most handsome man I had seen in my 22 years-with a black crew haircut, a small mustache and beautiful blue eyes. “He is an excellent example,” Marion whispered to me. “And his name was Johan Viggo.”
I was extremely shy and nervous when the party started. We all played the Catch the Fox; but I cheated and got Johan Viggo’s number, 13. Before I could call it, he called my number, 10. I was caught by him. Later, I learned that he had cheated, too. Afterwards, we as friends matched, and had a better understanding.
When drinks and food were served, Johan Viggo offered me a taste of his ice cream. He sat with me and asked if he could take me home. I agreed. And eventually, Marion waved us out of her party one by one.
Several days later, Johan Viggo said his vacation was over and he would return to his ground troops where he served, saying he had a lot to do. “During my break, I will go online to teach my primary school students music.”
Two months ago, Bosnian Kalesic, head of Woods Primary School, Marion’s friend, told Johan Viggo she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She said, “Johan is an excellent example. He also teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.”
However, Johan Viggo said to me he was not doing anything extraordinary. “My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do. I am here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 24 hours straight in the freezing cold, I’m ready to do that, because it’s my duty as a soldier to follow orders.”
9. Why does the author mention the Catch the Fox in Paragraph 2
A. To display number 13 is more popular than number 10.
B. To prove the most popular party is constantly changing.
C. To show that he and Viggo both have a desire to know each other.
D. To suggest that he and Viggo have known each other for a long time.
10. What does Bosnian Kalesic want to convey in Paragraph 5
A. Viggo was very strict with kids. B. Viggo was irreplaceable anytime.
C. Viggo had a positive effect on kids. D. Viggo was diligent and independent.
11. What’s the double identity of Johan Viggo
A. A soldier and teacher. B. A soldier and student.
C. A headmaster and writer. D. A headmaster and teacher.
12. Which of the following can best describe Viggo
A. Ambitious. B. Devoted. C. Humorous. D. Outgoing.
事件评价题1+3篇
【名师点津】
“事件评价题”的最优处理方法：
第一、先整体把握人物经历、产品性能及文章主题，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。
第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。
【高考真题】
(2024北京卷第)When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author _________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream
A. Confusing. B. Empowering.
C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
【名校模拟】
（2024·山东·三模）Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks, Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of the wild.
1. Which of the following best describes the testing process
A. Flexible. B. Reliable. C. Simple. D. Loose.
2. What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley
A. Ecology imbalance. B. Biodiversity enrichment.
C. Species competition. D. Tourism boost.
3. What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4
A. The joy of winning the award. B. The outcome of noise pollution.
C. The activities of enjoying quiet. D. The value of natural quiet.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B. To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C. To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D. To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
（23-24高三下·安徽蚌埠·期中）While they were still growing up, kids are basically vacuums for vocabulary. It is estimated that a normal kid at the age of 6 possesses a remarkable vocabulary of about thirteen thousand words!
That’s an amazing accomplishment because preliterate children just perceive spoken words and do not have a chance to work on those words. Rather, they learn a fresh vocabulary every 2 hours when awake, regularly. This is particularly extraordinary since the best effective ways for mnemonic devices（记忆术） do not assist with words individually.
A mnemonic has been a training method that changes what we wish to recall to more unforgettable things. For instance, if you desire to get an education on reading music, an easy approach to learning the EGBDF has been recalling the sentence Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge. However, that doesn’t apply to individual words. Due to the lack of simple methods to recall words, children’s brains need to have an inherent（固有的）, strong structure for fast learning a language.
But, as we become older, we start to miss those remarkable skills. Every adult finds it difficult at the time of learning a different tongue, as the ability seems to decline with age. A psychologist, Elisa Newport, did research on people who immigrated（移民） to the US. She discovered that the people who immigrated in the age range of 3 — 7 had been as expert in the grammar of English as those who were US-born. But those who arrived in the age range of 8 — 15, did much worse.
A similar thing can be noticed at the time of learning the initial language. In the past, a small number of kids were raised with no human touch, regularly as a result of negligence. They are called the “wolf children”, similar to “Genie”, the girl who was found at the age of 13 around 1970. Since she was raised with no human touch, she could not create even simple grammatical sentences.
5. Which word can best describe preliterate kids’vocabulary learning
A. Formal. B. Complex. C. Consistent. D. Tough.
6. What’s the disadvantage of the mnemonic in terms of music reading
A. It can be easily forgotten by little kids. B. It involves only letters and listening ability.
C. It is actually meaningless to most people. D. It can’t be used to recall individual words.
7. What’s psychologist Elisa Newport’s new finding
A. People’s language abilities decline as they age.
B. 3 — 7 is a better age range for learning a new language.
C. Kids lose their interest in grammar as they grow older.
D. Kids aged 8 — 15 can’t learn a foreign language well.
8. What does Genie’s example seem to indicate
A. It’s better to immigrate to learn a foreign tongue.
B. It’s urgent to learn a language at the proper age.
C. Every animal possesses a language of their own.
D. A language can be acquired without human touch.
（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）We went deep into the earth through dark, narrow caves. When I got used to the light, I stood amazed.
A vast lake or even an ocean, spread far beyond where the eye could see. The shore was lined with shining sand, being softly lapped by waves. It was covered with small shells once inhabited by the first living beings. Around this sea stood a huge rock wall being worn away by the endless action of the waves.
I could see far over this great sea because it was being lit up by a strange light. Not sunlight, of course, as we were deep below the surface. Under the “sky”, if it could be called so, being made of rock, were also vast clouds. The light gave no heat, so the place felt rather gloomy (幽暗的). We were shut up inside a vast cave which must have been several miles high.
My imagination was powerless before such wonders. I felt like I was on some distant planet, and was both amazed and rather scared. However, I was energetic by the breezy salty air supplying more oxygen to my lungs. After many days in much narrower spaces, it was a great relief.
We began to walk following the shore. Soon in front of us appeared a tall, dense forest, composed of trees formed like umbrellas. “Mushrooms!” said my uncle. And he was right! There were mushrooms in their thousands, and each at least thirty feet high.
“Now look under your feet!” cried my uncle and I noticed many bones being crushed under our feet as we walked. Might some monsters still roam (漫步) through these gloomy forests I anxiously surveyed the landscape, but we were the only living creatures here. Thankfully!
Eventually we returned to the cave we had entered from, and I fell asleep with strange thoughts.
— Journey to the centre of the earth
9. What does the underlined word “lapped” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Caught in. B. Sought for. C. Sheltered from. D. Beaten against.
10. Which words can best describe the scene in the author’s eyes
A. Huge, strange and amazing. B. Sunny, windy and wonderful.
C. Salty, narrow and comforting. D. Cloudy, gloomy and embarrassing.
11. What was found on the shore
A. A high and thick forest composed of tree-shaped umbrellas.
B. Lots of bones belonging to monsters that might have disappeared.
C. Thousands of mushrooms measuring no more than thirty feet high.
D. A couple of roaming creatures living in the gloomy and distant planet.
12. What can be inferred from the text
A. The author kept awake in the cave they had entered from.
B. The author thought it strange that he fell asleep in such a cave.
C. The author enjoyed the experience though he felt scared sometimes.
D. The author encountered with a monster before he returned to the cave.
首段例证题1+3篇
【名师点津】
一、解题小妙招
1.首段举例引出话题居多。
2.提及细节成为佐证。
二、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
【高考真题】
（2023·全国·高考真题28题）Dogs greet other dogs nose-first, as it were—sniffing each other from fore to (especially) aft. People are not quite so open about the process of sniffing each other out. But the size of the perfume industry suggests scent is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that human beings can infer kinship (亲戚关系), deduce emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell.
Now, researchers of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, have gone a step further. They think they have shown, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike. They have also shown that this is probably the case from the beginning, with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odour (气味), rather than the body odours of people who become friends subsequently converging (趋同).
They stated their research by testing the odours of 20 pairs of established non-romantic, same-sex friends. They did this using an electronic nose and also two groups of specially employed human “smellers.” The e-nose employed a set of gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. One group of human smellers were given pairs of these shirts and asked to rate how similar they smelt. Those in the other group were asked to rate the odours of individual T-shirts on five subjective dimensions: pleasantness, intensity, attractiveness, competence and warmth. All three approaches yielded the same result. The T-shirts of friends smelt more similar to each other than the T-shirts of strangers. Friends, in other words, do indeed smell alike.
Why scent might play a role in forming friendships remains obscure. Other qualities related with being friends, including age, appearance, education, religion and race, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so. But while some individuals have strong and noticeable body odour, many—at least since the use of soap has become widespread—do not. It is present. But it is subconscious.
28. Why are dogs and the perfume industry mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To list some examples.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To make a comparison.
D. To provide relevant evidence.
29. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. The body odour is the beginning of friendship.
B. People start to smell alike after becoming friends.
C. Many people are involved as the research samples.
D. Odour-matching may be a reason for being friends.
30. How did the researchers conduct the experiment
A. By trying to yield the same result with three approaches.
B. By testing the odours of 20 non-romantic friends of the same sex.
C. By asking each group to rate the odours of T-shirts on five dimensions.
D. By employing e-nose and human smellers to assess the odours of T-shirts.
31. What does the underlined word “obscure” in the last paragraph mean
A. Unclear. B. Important. C. Obvious. D. Subjective.
【名校模拟】
（2024·浙江金华·模拟预测）It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection.
In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a ta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind.
It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives.
The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences.
1. How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness
A. By tracing its development. B. By analyzing causes.
C. By making a point to be argued. D. By sharing a romantic story.
2. What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on
A. The various terms of solitude. B. The societal impact of solitude.
C. The long-standing history of solitude. D. The psychological benefits of solitude.
3. Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______.
A. stressful B. essential C. changeable D. harmful
4. What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph
A. Enforced solitude is a matter of choice.
B. Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy.
C. Elective solitude is rare in the digital world.
D. Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences.
（2024·江西南昌·模拟预测）A vague image shows a nearly naked (赤裸的) man in a vast field of rainforest, spear (矛) held up to the sky and pointed at both the helicopter and photographer circling above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence.
This very scene made headline news some years ago in the UK. It instantly addressed the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal (部落的) communities face as a result of ever-expanding plantations. However, bad news has a way of dominating the front pages, so we’re of the opinion that all aboriginal (原始的) communities are in decline — and that’s not true.
During my travel through Inda, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the early 1990s, I spent some time living with the Kalash, a tribe that inhabits three valleys in the Hindu Kush mountains range. I became frim friends with Saifullah, the chief spokesperson, and we’re still in touch to this day.
Back then I remember talking to a very serious aid worker in the American Club in Peshawar who told me straightly the Kalash, surrounded by conservative Islam, had no chance of survival and would be gone in 10 years. That was 25 years ago. When I caught up with Saifulluah recently, I asked what his response was to those who claim Kalash culture is dying.
“It’s not true,” he exclaimed, “The Kalash culture and community is as strong today as it was when you first came. We still have our festivals. We still have a shaman, bow shakers, and Qazis — people, who are holding the culture, the religious ceremony. Our younger people are not becoming more proud of their culture — they know they are different and they appreciate it. Many are learning the old ways from their seniors,” he added, “There are now over 4,000 Kalasha. Back in the 1970s they were maybe 2,500.”
Will Millard, a TV presenter who spent a year living with the Korawai of West Papua, agrees, “Perhaps tribal communities aren’t in decline, but just in transition,” he told me. “As a human society, we are in constant state of shift. We charge them of losing their culture because they’re wearing clothes, or using a gun instead of arrows, but a T-shirt doesn’t make them any less of a Korawai man. Culture was kept alive below the surface.” added Millard.
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To give a defintion. B. To introduce an argument.
C. To make a comparison. D. To demonstrate a fact.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards some media views about tribal communities
A. Sceptical. B. Objective.
C. Dismissive. D. Disapproving.
7. How has the culture of the Kalash changed in the last 25 years
A. Kalash people have increased awareness of their unique culture.
B. The young generation has lost their traditions.
C. The Kalash culture has been declining.
D. Original culture has made Kalash people richer.
8. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Tribal culture is worth preserving.
B. Tribal communities have been damaged.
C. “Disappearing” culture remains the same as before.
D. Traditional communities’ lives are changing.
（2024·河南·模拟预测）A sperm whale (抹香鲸) surfaces. The baby whale comes in close to drink milk. When the baby has had its fill, mom moves her tail. Then, together the pair div e down deep. Gasper Begus watches from a boat. “You get this sense of how vast and different their world is when they dive,” he says. “But in some ways, they are so similar to us.”
Sperm whales have families and other important social relationships. They also use loud clicking sounds to communicate. It seems as if they might be talking to each other.
Begus is an expert majoring in languages. He got the chance, last summer, to observe sperm whales in their wild Caribbean habitat off the coast of the island nation of Dominica. With him were marine biologists and roboticists. There were also experts in other fields. All have been working together to listen to sperm whales and figure out what they might be saying.
They call this Project CETI. That’s short for Cetacean Translation Initiative. To get started, Project CETI has three listening stations. Each one is a cable (电缆) hanging deep into the water from the surface. Along the cable, several dozen underwater microphones record whale sounds. From the air, drones (无人机) record video and sounds. Robots do the same underwater. But just collecting all these data isn’t enough. The team needs some way to make sense of it all. That’s where artificial intelligence, or AI, comes in.
Now a type of AI known as machine learning can find patterns from vast amounts of data and you can open an app and use it to help you talk to someone who speaks Japanese or French. One day, the same tech might translate sperm-whale clicks.
Project CETI’s team is not the only group turning to AI for help. Researchers have trained AI models to sort through the sounds of prairie dogs, dolphins and many other creatures. Could their efforts crack the codes of animal communication Let’s take a cue from the sperm whales and div e in head first.
9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To lead in the topic. B. To introduce Gasper Begus.
C. To imply the danger of scientists’ work. D. To show humans and whales’ similarities.
10. What can we know about the Project CETI
A. It needs experts’ joint efforts.
B. It requires a good command of whales’ language.
C. It demands the knowledge of whales’ living habitat.
D. It calls for an understanding of whales’ social relationships.
11. What is Al used to do in Project CETI
A. To collect sounds. B. To analyze data.
C. To monitor whales. D. To operate drones.
12. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The wide application of Al. B. The sperm whales’ parenting styles.
C. The study of the sperm whales’ clicks. D. The ways to track sperm whales.
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