高考英语
热点题型和提分秘籍
专题06 动词和动词短语（解析版）
【高频考点解读】
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
【热点题型】
题型一 词义辨析
例1、
Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.
A．sponsor B．launch
C．organize D．plan
【易错剖析】 考生误选B者较多。理解成了“发起Help the Needy”运动，没有理解确切句意。
【提分秘籍】
1．lay和lie
2.arise，rise和raise
3.sit和seat：sit表示动作，seat如果表示就座要用be seated或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.
I found some strangers sitting at the back of the classroom.
＝I found some strangers seated at the back of the classroom.
我发现教室后面坐着几个陌生人。
4．fit，suit，match
(1)fit和suit都可表示“适合”或“合适”。fit主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而suit则主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。如：
This dress doesn’t fit me.Have you got a larger size
这条连衣裙不合我的身，你有大一点尺寸的吗？
This dress doesn’t suit me.Have you got another style
这条连衣裙不适合我穿。你还有其他的款式吗？
(2)suit还可以用来谈论某种安排或情况是否方便。如：
Tuesday would suit me very well for a meeting.
星期二开会对我来说很合适。
(3)match主要表示“与……相配或相称，使……相配，使……相称”。如：
Her clothes do not match her age.
她的衣服与她的年龄不配。
The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.
衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。
5．adopt，attach，adapt，adjust
(1)adopt vt.采取，采纳；收养，领养
(2)attach 把……附(在……上)；重视
attach much importance to...非常重视……
(3)adapt vt.适应，adapt oneself to适应于
(4)adjust vt.适应，调整；adjust oneself to适应于
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need，
besides，it is not expensive at all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Having no children of their own，they decided to adopt an orphan.
他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。
【举一反三】
—If you like the new house，I suggest you buy it.
—But it’s really too expensive.I can’t ________ it.
A．get B．afford
C．supply D．support
解析：选B。句意：——如果你喜欢这所新房子，我建议你把它买下来。——但是它实在太贵了，我买不起。afford“负担得起”。
题型二 动词的固定搭配
例2、Mary，I ________John of his promise to help you.
A．told B．reminded
C．warned D．advised
【易错剖析】 考生选C者较多。仅记住了warn sb.of sth.这一结构，忽视了句意。
【提分秘籍】
1．可用于“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”的常用动词
accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)。
This photo reminds me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了学校生活。
The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.
该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。
2．可用于“动词＋sb.＋for doing sth.”的常用动词
blame(指责)，criticise (批评)，forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)。
Forgive me for saying so，but I think that’s nonsense.
原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。
I don’t blame you for doing that.
我不责备你做了那事。
3．可接双宾语的34个常用单词
award(授予)，bring(带来)，hand(递)，lend(借),mail(邮寄)，offer(提供)，owe(欠)，pass(递)，pay(付钱)，post(寄)，read(读)，return(归还)，send(送)，sell(卖)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，throw(扔)，write(写)，book(预订)，buy(购买)，choose(选择)，cook(煮)，draw(画)，fetch(去取)，find(找到)，fix(安装)，get(取得，带来)，make(做),order(订购)，prepare(准备)，save(节省)，sing(唱)，spare(留出)。
They awarded John the first prize.
他们授予约翰一等奖。
Can you spare me five minutes
你能抽出五分钟和我谈谈吗？
【举一反三】
As the train ran faster and faster, the lights of the city were soon ________.
A．left off B．left alone
C．left behind D．left out
解析：选C。考查动词词组。句意：随着火车速度的加快，城市的灯火很快就被抛在后面。leave behind表示“把……抛在后面；超过”；A项表示“停止”，B项表示“不管；不打扰”，D项表示“遗漏；排除”，均不符合语意。
题型三 高频动词短语
例3、
Armed with the information you have gathered，you can ________ preparing your business plan.
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
【易错剖析】本题考生容易误选A。原因是只记住了set out有“着手”的意思，而忽略了其后需跟to do。
【提分秘籍】
1．bring构成的短语
bring about引起，导致
bring back使想起
bring down降低
bring in赚得，引入，请……做
bring up提出，养育，抚养，呕吐
2．break构成的短语
break away (from)逃脱，脱离
break down (机器等)坏掉，(身体)垮掉，(计划、和谈等)失败
break in破门而入，插嘴
break into强行闯入，突然开始
break out (火灾、战争、疾病等)突然开始，爆发
break up解散，粉碎，绝交 [][来源:.Com]
3．call构成的短语
call at拜访(某地)
call on拜访(某人)
call back回电话
call up打电话给，使回忆起
call for去(接)，需要，要求
call in召来
call off取消
4．cut构成的短语
cut down砍倒，削减
cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴
cut off中断，断绝
cut up切碎
5．come构成的短语
come about发生
come across偶遇
come to共计，达到；苏醒
come true变为现实
come up走上前；被提出
come up with提出
come into being形成
6．get构成的短语
get about四处走动；传开
get across被理解；被传达
get away逃脱，设法离开
get down下来；记下
get off出发；下班
get together聚会
get through接通；通过
get down to开始认真干
get over克服
get along/on with进展；相处
7．go构成的短语
go away离开
go back返回(某地)
go by逝去；过去，经过
go on继续下去；上场；开始运行
go over检查；反复研究
go out熄灭
go up(价格等)上涨
go down(温度等)下降
go against违背；对……不利
go ahead开始；进展；进行
go after/for追逐，追求
go without勉强维持；凑合
go in for爱好；参加；从事
go through通过；经历
go over复习；仔细审查
8．give构成的短语
give up放弃
give in屈服
give out用尽；分发
give away泄露；赠送；颁发
give off发出
give back归还；使恢复
9．make构成的短语
make up for补偿，弥补
make out辨认出
make fun of取笑
make up one’s mind下定决心
make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……
make up编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足
10．put构成的短语
put aside把……放在一边
put away把……收好
put down放下；降落，着陆
put forward提出
put off延期；推迟
put out扑灭；生产
put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿
put up with忍受，容忍
11．turn构成的短语
turn down拒绝；调低
turn in上交
turn out结果是，证明是
turn over移交，交给
turn up出现；调高
turn off关掉
turn on打开
turn away走开
turn to求助于；翻到
【举一反三】
Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to________ his courage.
A．hold up B．keep up
C．set up D．take up
【解析】 选B。考查动词短语。hold up表示“支撑;阻挡”；keep up表示“使不下降；保持不变；维持”；set up表示“建立，成立”；take up表示“开始从事；占领；继续”。由题中的关键信息walking alone in the dark以及whistled可知男孩吹口哨是为了保持勇气，给自己壮胆。所以此处选B。句意：一个人在黑暗中走，小男孩吹口哨给自己壮胆。
【易错剖析】 本题考生误选C者居多。把句意理解成了“独自在黑暗中行走，男孩吹口哨树立勇气。”句中没有说小男孩在此之前没勇气，所以要用keep up“维持勇气”。
【高考风向标】
【·浙江】16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able
to on the sea
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split
【答案】A
【浙江】11 . We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight
facts.
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off.意为封锁， B. appeal to意为吸引， C. subscribe to意为订阅， D. come across意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是C吸引。
【浙江】5. Studies have
shown that the right and left ear
sound differently.
A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download
【答案】C
【解析】句意：研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为生产或制造，B意为发音，C意为处理，D意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4个选项的意思都非常的不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。
.【·天津】10. Tom had to______ the invitation to the party
last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒绝； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。
【天津】11. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better___ your doctor at once.
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
【答案】B
【天津】14 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
【答案】B
【解析】句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。
【陕西】25. Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；add up加起来；break up结束；分解。所以选A。
【福建】
25.It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression w-hile what you say just 7 per cent.
A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。A.lies in在于；B.accounts for说明、引起；C.consists of包括；D.goes with相伴。该句意思为：据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的话只占百分之七。故选B。
【江苏】29.The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on C.count on D. call on
【答案】C
【·安徽】22.If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养；B创造；C代替；D经历。故选D。
【·湖北】23.The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
【答案】D
【解析】句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A项“面对”；B项“阻止”；C项“提出，举起”；D项“分析”。故选D项。
【湖北】24.In order not to be
heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”；D项“抱怨”。故选B项。
【湖北】25.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
【答案】C
【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和……作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好”。故选C项。
【湖北】26.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选D项。
1. (·江苏卷)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to________the soul of Qu Yuan. (remember, remind, recover, recall)
【答案】recall
2. (大纲全国卷)Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she________it with hard work.(goes back on, takes away from, makes up for, catches up with)
【答案】makes up for
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Caroline没有音乐天赋，但是她努力工作弥补了这一点。make up for“弥补，补偿”，符合句意。
3. (江西卷)Anyway, we're here now, so let's ________ some serious work.(come up with, get down to, do away with, live up to)
【答案】get down to
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管怎样，我们现在在这儿，因此让我们着手干点正事吧。get down to“着手”，符合句意。come up with“提出，赶上”；do away with“废除”；live up to“实践”。
4. (·江西卷)I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to________ me.(convince, inform, guarantee, refuse)
【答案】convince
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我不相信你说的话，但如果你能证明你的话正确，你可能会让我信服。convince表示“使信服”，符合句意。inform“通知”；guarantee“保证”；refuse“拒绝”。
5. (·湖北卷)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ________ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.(slipped, skied, signalled, sank)
【答案】slipped
【解析】本题结合动词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：看到一大群人向他奔来，他开始往山下跑，但是脚下一滑，四肢着地倒在融雪之中。slip意为“滑(倒)；溜走”，符合语境。ski滑雪；signal发信号，示意；sink下降，沉没，缓慢下陷或倒下。
6. (·湖北卷)The old rules have to be ________ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.(developed, established, observed, revised)
【答案】revised
【解析】本题结合动词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：旧规矩必须要改一改了，因为它们只适用于一百年前定这些规矩时存在的环境。revise意为“修正，改变”，符合语境。develop发展，培养；establish建立；observe观察，观测，遵守。
7. (·湖北卷)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't seem to ________.(get through, get off, get in, get along)
【答案】get through
8. (·湖北卷)Is this your necklace, Mary？I ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.(came across, dealt with, looked after, went for)
【答案】came across
【解析】本题结合动词短语意义辨析考查语境选词。句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？我今天早上打扫浴室的时候看到的。come across意为“(偶然)遇到”，符合句意。deal with处理；look after照看；go for想要获得，争取得到。
9. (安徽卷)When the sports hero________at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.(turned up, left off, moved on, got away)
【答案】turned up
10. (·安徽卷)Terry, please________your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.(look up from, look into, look back on, look through)
【答案】look up from
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。look up from“(在低头看某物时)抬头往上看”；look into“调查，往里看……”；look back on“回顾，回忆”；look through“检查，看穿”。句意：Terry，祖母和你说话时，不要看你的手机。故选look up from。
11．(湖北，23)While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：聪明人经常会让复杂的问题简单化，而傻瓜更可能将简单的东西弄得更复杂。
12．(·福建，28)Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.
A．turn down B．turn out
C．break down D．break out
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A项“调小，拒绝”；B项“结果证明……”；C项“出故障，分解”；D项“爆发”。句意：当发生灾难无线网络无法用的时候，老式的电话就有作用了。故答案为C。
13．(·湖北，24)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：按照法律规定，所有外来人员都得在到达两周后向当地警察登记。
14．(·江苏，23)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.
A．qualified B．preserved
C．decorated D．simplified
【答案】B
15．(·江苏，29)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A．get over B．look over
C．take over D．come over
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。A项“克服，战胜”；B项“检查”；C项“接管，接任”；D项“过来”。根据句意选A。
16．(·陕西，25)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________.
A．cut out B．cut down
C．cut up D．cut off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。A项“裁剪，停止”；B项“裁短，减少”；C项“切碎，砍伤”；D项“砍下，切断”。句意：我叔叔还未能戒烟，但至少他已经少抽了。选B。
17．(·天津，2)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand.
A．lend B．shake C．wave D．want
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：如果你遇上麻烦，Mike总是乐意帮助你。短语lend a hand意为“帮助”，故选A。
18．(·新课标Ⅰ，23)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A．check B．allow C．stop D．help
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：由于咳嗽可能造成你肺的一些问题，因此要试图咳得不要超过你能忍受的范围。
19．(·浙江，9)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.
A．conclude B．lead C．avoid D．hold
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A项“终止，得出结论”； B项“领导，带领”； C项“避免”； D项“握着，持有，容纳”。句意：当小组讨论接近尾声的时候，一定要归纳出重点来结束。故答案为A。
20．(·浙江，12)A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A．realizing B．copying
C．offering D．misunderstanding
【答案】C
【高考押题】
1. Mary, I ________ John of his promise to help you.
A．told B．reminded
C．warned D．advised
答案：B。句意：玛丽，约翰承诺要帮助你，我提醒过他。tell“告诉”；rem
ind“提醒”；warn“警告”；advise“建议”。
2．Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also ________ our thinking.
A．direct B．limit
C．change D．improve
答案：B。本题考查动词辨析。句意：如果我们想要成功，知识与学习很重要，但也可能会限制我们的思维。前句中提到important，而but一词又表示出两者之间的反差，而与其形成对比关系的只有B：限制。
3．The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we'll never ________ with criminals.”
A．negotiate B．quarrel
C．argue D．consult
答案：A。本题考查动词辨析。句意：部长说道：“我们可以与任何一个合法的团队讨论，但不会与犯罪分子协商。”根据语境，需要选择一个与discussion一词相近的词，而选项A与D都有商量的意思，但consult为及物动词，不需要跟介词搭配。
4．Clinical evidence began to ________，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A．operate B．strengthen
C．approve D．accumulate
5．The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A．take down B．bring down
C．hand down D．tear down
答案：B。本题考查动词短语。句意：政府已经采取了措施来降低日常用品的价格，保持市场的稳定。take down取下，记下；bring down使……降低；hand down传递下去；tear down撕下来。根据语境，只有B最符合。
6．To get a better grade, you should ______ the notes again before the test.
A．go over B．get over
C．turn over D．take over
答案：A。本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了拿到个更好的成绩，你得在考试前，把那笔记再复习一遍。go over有“复习，回顾”的意思。
7．I can ________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．turn to D．stick to
答案：B。本题考查短语动词。句意：我可以容忍房子不整齐，但我不喜欢它不干净。come up with“提出”；put up with“忍受”；turn to“转向，求助”；stick to“坚持”。根据句意B项正确。
8． William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to_______.
A．disappear B．fall
C．fail D．damage
答案：C。本题考查动词辨析。句意：威廉姆发现看书越来越难，因为他的视力正开始变弱。disappear“消失”；fall“降下，落下”；fail“(视力，健康等)变弱，衰退”；damage“毁坏”。根据句意C项正确。
9．They are broadening the bridge to________the flow of traffic.
A. put off B. speed up
C. turn on D. work out
答案： B。本题考查动词短语的用法。句意：他们在加宽桥面，从而加快交通流量。put off“推迟，延期”；speed up “加速，加快”；turn on“打开”；work out“计算出，结果是”。
10．—Are you still mad at her
—Not really, but I can't________that her remarks hurt me.
A．deny B．refuse
C．reject D．decline
11．—You look upset. What's the matter
—I had my proposal________again.[来源:.Com]
A．turned over B．turned on
C．turned off D．turned down
答案：D。本题考查动词短语在具体语境中的应用。句意：——你看上去很沮丧，怎么了？——我的提议又被拒绝了。turn over “翻转”，turn on“打开”，turn off “关掉”，turn down“拒绝，(把声音等)调低”。由句意可知D项正确。
12． I_____a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part time job during the summer vacation.
A．borrowed B．opened
C．entered D．ordered
答案：B。本题考查动词词义辨析。borrow “借；向……借”；open “着手；开始”；enter“进入”； order“命令”；open a bank account“开银行账户”。句意：暑假期间我靠打零工挣了1000美元后在银行开了一个账户。
13．She______an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A．turned down B．dealt with
C．looked after D．came across
答案：D。本题考查动词短语辨析。turn down “拒绝；调小(音量)”；deal with “对付；处理”；look after “照料；照顾”；come across“偶然遇见”。由句意知D项正确。句意：昨天她在一家商场购物时遇到了一位老朋友。
14．He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ________ at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down B．putting off
C．putting on D．putting up
15．What are you doing out of bed, Tom You're______to be asleep.
A．supposed B．known
C．thought D．considered
答案：A。本题考查动词辨析。句意：汤姆你在床下干什么？你应该睡觉了。be supposed to相当于should，“应该，应当”，符合题意。
16．You are old enough to______your own living.
A．win B．gain
C．take D．earn
答案：D。本题考查动词辨析。句意：你足够大了，可自己谋生了。
earn/make one's living
为固定搭配，意为“谋生”。
17．The exam results will be______on Friday afternoon.
A．put down B．put off
C．put up D．put away
答案：C。本题考查短语动词的用法。句意：考试结果要星期五下午张贴公布。put down “记下，写下，镇压”；put off“推迟，延期”；put up“建起，搭起，张贴”；put away “收拾起来”。
18．I'd prefer to______my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A．show B．express
C．pass D．reserve
答案：D。本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我发现所有的证据前，我宁愿保留判断。show“显示，表明”；express“表明，表达”；pass“传递，通过”；reserve“保留”。由句意可知D项正确。
19．Born into a family with three brothers，David was______to value the sense of sharing.
A．brought up B．turned down
C．looked after D．held back
20. As the story________， the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A．begins B．happens
C．ends D．develops
答案：D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着故事的展开，关于这个奇怪人物的真相也慢慢被发现了。begin“开始”；happen“发生”；end“结束，终结”；develop “发展，展开”。高考英语
热点题型和提分秘籍
专题06 动词和动词短语（原卷版）
【高频考点解读】
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
【热点题型】
题型一 词义辨析
例1、Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.
A．sponsor B．launch
C．organize D．plan
【提分秘籍】
1．lay和lie
2.arise，rise和raise
3.sit和seat：sit表示动作，seat如果表示就座要用be seated或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.
I found some strangers sitting at the back of the classroom.
＝I found some strangers seated at the back of the classroom.
我发现教室后面坐着几个陌生人。
4．fit，suit，match
(1)fit和suit都可表示“适合”或“合适”。fit主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而suit则主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。如：
This dress doesn’t fit me.Have you got a larger size
这条连衣裙不合我的身，你有大一点尺寸的吗？
This dress doesn’t suit me.Have you got another style
这条连衣裙不适合我穿。你还有其他的款式吗？
(2)suit还可以用来谈论某种安排或情况是否方便。如：
Tuesday would suit me very well for a meeting.
星期二开会对我来说很合适。
(3)match主要表示“与……相配或相称，使……相配，使……相称”。如：
Her clothes do not match her age.
她的衣服与她的年龄不配。
The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.
衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。
5．adopt，attach，adapt，adjust
(1)adopt vt.采取，采纳；收养，领养
(2)attach 把……附(在……上)；重视
attach much importance to...非常重视……
(3)adapt vt.适应，adapt oneself to适应于
(4)adjust vt.适应，调整；adjust oneself to适应于
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need，besides，it is not expensive
at all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Having no children of their own，they decided to adopt an orphan.
他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。
【举一反三】
—If you like the new house，I suggest you buy it.
—But it’s really too expensive.I can’t ________ it.
A．get B．afford
C．supply D．support
题型二 动词的固定搭配
例2、Mary，I ________John of his promise to help you.
A．told B．reminded
C．warned D．advised
【提分秘籍】
1．可用于“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”的常用动词
accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)。
This photo reminds me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了学校生活。
The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.
该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。
2．可用于“动词＋sb.＋for doing sth.”的常用动词
blame(指责)，criticise (批评)，forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)。
Forgive me for saying so，but I think that’s nonsense.
原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。
I don’t blame you for doing that.
我不责备你做了那事。
3．可接双宾语的34个常用单词
award(授予)，bring(带来)，hand(递)，lend(借),mail(邮寄)，offer(提供)，owe(欠)，pass(递)，pay(付钱)，post(寄)，read(读)，return(归还)，send(送)，sell(卖)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，throw(扔)，write(写)，book(预订)，buy(购买)，choose(选择)，cook(煮)，draw(画)，fetch(去取)，find(找到)，fix(安装)，get(取得，带来)，make(做),order(订购)，prepare(准备)，save(节省)，sing(唱)，spare(留出)。
They awarded John the first prize.
他们授予约翰一等奖。
Can you spare me five minutes
你能抽出五分钟和我谈谈吗？
【举一反三】
As the train ran faster and faster, the lights of the city were soon ________.
A．left off B．left alone
C．left behind D．left out
题型三 高频动词短语
例3、Armed with the information you have gathered，you can ________ preparing your
business plan.
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
【提分秘籍】
1．bring构成的短语
bring about引起，导致
bring back使想起
bring down降低
bring in赚得，引入，请……做
bring up提出，养育，抚养，呕吐
2．break构成的短语
break away (from)逃脱，脱离
break down (机器等)坏掉，(身体)垮掉，(计划、和谈等)失败
break in破门而入，插嘴
break into强行闯入，突然开始
break out (火灾、战争、疾病等)突然开始，爆发
break up解散，粉碎，绝交
3．call构成的短语
call at拜访(某地)
call on拜访(某人)
call back回电话
call up打电话给，使回忆起
call for去(接)，需要，要求
call in召来
call off取消
4．cut构成的短语
cut down砍倒，削减
cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴
cut off中断，断绝
cut up切碎
5．come构成的短语
come about发生
come across偶遇
come to共计，达到；苏醒
come true变为现实
come up走上前；被提出
come up with提出
come into being形成
6．get构成的短语
get about四处走动；传开
get across被理解；被传达
get away逃脱，设法离开
get down下来；记下
get off出发；下班
get together聚会
get through接通；通过
get down to开始认真干
get over克服
get along/on with进展；相处
7．go构成的短语
go away离开
go back返回(某地)
go by逝去；过去，经过
go on继续下去；上场；开始运行
go over检查；反复研究
go out熄灭
go up(价格等)上涨
go down(温度等)下降
go against违背；对……不利
go ahead开始；进展；进行
go after/for追逐，追求
go without勉强维持；凑合
go in for爱好；参加；从事
go through通过；经历
go over复习；仔细审查
8．give构成的短语
give up放弃
give in屈服
give out用尽；分发
give away泄露；赠送；颁发
give off发出
give back归还；使恢复
9．make构成的短语
make up for补偿，弥补
make out辨认出
make fun of取笑
make up one’s mind下定决心
make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……
make up编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足
10．put构成的短语
put aside把……放在一边
put away把……收好
put down放下；降落，着陆
put forward提出
put off延期；推迟
put out扑灭；生产
put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿
put up with忍受，容忍
11．turn构成的短语
turn down拒绝；调低
turn in上交
turn out结果是，证明是
turn over移交，交给
turn up出现；调高
turn off关掉
turn on打开
turn away走开
turn to求助于；翻到
【举一反三】
Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to________ his courage.
A．hold up B．keep up
C．set up D．take up
【高考风向标】
【·浙江】16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships ableto on the sea
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split
【·浙江】11 . We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
【·浙江】5. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.
A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download
【·天津】10. Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
【·天津】11. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better___ your doctor at once.
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
【·天津】14 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
【·陕西】25. Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
【·福建】25.It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression w-hile what you say just 7 per cent.
A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with
【·江苏】
29.The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on C.count on D. call on
【·安徽】22.If you come to visit China, you will ____ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
【·湖北】23.The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
【·湖北】24.In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that
someone was moving about upstairs.
A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
【·湖北】25.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
【·湖北】26.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
1. (·江苏卷)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to________the soul of Qu Yuan. (remember, remind, recover, recall)
2. (·大纲全国卷)Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she________it with hard work.(goes back on, takes away from, makes up for, catches up with)
3. (·江西卷)Anyway, we're here now, so let's ________ some serious work.(come up with, get down to, do away with, live up to)
4. (·江西卷)I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ________ me.(convince, inform, guarantee, refuse)
5. (·湖北卷)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ________ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.(slipped, skied, signalled, sank)
6. (·湖北卷)The old rules have to be ________ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.(developed, established, observed, revised)
7. (·湖北卷)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't seem to ________.(get through, get off, get in, get along)
8. (·湖北卷)Is this your necklace, Mary？I ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.(came across, dealt with, looked after, went for)
9. (·安徽卷)When the sports hero________at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.(turned up, left off, moved on, got away)
10. (·安徽卷)Terry, please________your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.(look up from, look into, look back on, look through)
11．(·湖北，23)While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive
12．(·福建，28)Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks _____ in disasters.
A．turn down B．turn out
C．break down D．break out
13．(·湖北，24)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register
14．(·江苏，23)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.
A．qualified B．preserved
C．decorated D．simplified
15．(·江苏，29)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A．get over B．look over
C．take over D．come over
16．(·陕西，25)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________.
A．cut out B．cut down
C．cut up D．cut off
17．(·天津，2)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand.
A．lend B．shake C．wave D．want
18．(·新课标Ⅰ，23)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A．check B．allow C．stop D．help
19．(·浙江，9)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.
A．conclude B．lead C．avoid D．hold
20．(·浙江，12)A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A．realizing B．copying
C．offering D．misunderstanding
【高考押题】
1. Mary, I ________ John of his promise to help you.
A．told B．reminded
C．warned D．advised
2．Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also ________ our thinking.
A．direct B．limit
C．change D．improve
3．The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we'll never ________ with criminals.”
A．negotiate B．quarrel
C．argue D．consult
4．Clinical evidence began to ________，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A．operate B．strengthen
C．approve D．accumulate
5．The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A．take down B．bring down
C．hand down D．tear down
6．To get a better grade, you should ______ the notes again before the test.
A．go over B．get over
C．turn over D．take over
7．I can ________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．turn to D．stick to
8． William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to______.
A．disappear B．fall
C．fail D．damage
9．They are broadening the bridge to________the flow of traffic.
A. put off B. speed up
C. turn on D. work out
10．—Are you still mad at her
—Not really, but I can't________that her remarks hurt me.
A．deny B．refuse
C．reject D．decline
11．—You look upset. What's the matter
—I had my proposal________again.
A．turned over B．turned on
C．turned off D．turned down
12． I_____a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part time job during the summer vacation.
A．borrowed B．opened
C．entered D．ordered
13．She______an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A．turned down B．dealt with
C．looked after D．came across
14．He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ___ at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down B．putting off
C．putting on D．putting up
15．What are you doing out of bed, Tom You're______to be asleep.
A．supposed B．known
C．thought D．considered
16．You are old enough to______your own living.
A．win B．gain
C．take D．earn
17．The exam results will be______on Friday afternoon.
A．put down B．put off
C．put up D．put away
18．I'd prefer to______my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A．show B．express
C．pass D．reserve
19．Born into a family with three brothers，David was______to value the sense of sharing.
A．brought up B．turned down
C．looked after D．held back
20. As the story________， the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A．begins B．happens
C．ends D．develops
