[原创]2025年高考总复习英语 第一部分 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION[配套课件]

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选择性必修第四册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
第一部分
教材梳理
2025年高考一轮总复习
核心单词
阅读词汇
1.bonus n.意外收获；奖金；红利
2.integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好
3.nail n.指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
4.ladder n.梯子；阶梯
5.rumour n.谣言；传闻
6.presume vt.& vi.假设；假定
7.fare n.车费；船费；飞机票价
8.chairwoman n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长
9.gramme n.克(重量单位)
10.flour n.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
11.venue n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
12.alien n.外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国
的
13.blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
14.leather n.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
15.lever n.操纵杆；杠杆
16.panel n.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
17.backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回
18.hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
19.handkerchief n.手帕；纸巾
20.lamp n.灯；台灯
21.puff n.(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
22.jolt n.震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动：摇晃
23.flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
24.stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷
25.overstatement n.夸大；夸张
fiction
ridiculous
dignity
salary
高频词汇
1.________ n.小说：虚构的事
2.________ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
3.________ n.庄重；庄严；尊严
4.________ n.薪水；薪金
absurd
guilty
5.________ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
6.________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
7.________ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
8.________ vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
9.________ conj.然而；但是；尽管
10.________ adj.每周的 n.周刊
suspend
dismiss
11._________ adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更
高的
whereas
weekly
superior
labour
12.________ n.劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
13.________ n.英寸(长度单位，等于 2.54 厘米)
inch
14.________ vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
15.________ vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
16.________ n. 速度；步伐；节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度；调整
节奏
grip
fetch
pace
random
17.________ adj.随机的；不可思议的
拓展词汇
1.________ vt.任命；委派→appointment n.预约；约会；委任
2.saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员→________ n.售货员；推
销员
appoint
salesman
declare
3.________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n.宣告；宣言；
宣布
calculation
calculator
action
4.calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测→_____________ n. 计算→
_____________ n.计算器
5.inaction n.无行动；不采取措施→________ n.行动；行为
6.niece n.侄女；外甥女→________ n.侄子；外甥
7.________ vi.& vt.划分；分割；分配；分开→division n.分开；
分隔；差异；除(法)
nephew
divide
8.urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐→
________ adj.急迫的；迫切的；紧急的→________ n.急迫性
9.maximum adj.最大极限的
n.最大量；最大限度→________
adj.最小极限的 n.最小量；最小限度
urgent
urgency
10.explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→________ n.爆炸；爆发；激增
11.mud n.泥；泥浆→________ adj.泥泞的；多泥的
minimum
explosion
muddy
熟词生义
1.labour
【熟义】 n.劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
【生义】 vi.艰难地做
【典例】 She is labouring under an unfair disadvantage.她在不
公平的劣势下艰难地工作。
2.explode
【熟义】 vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破
【生义】 vi.(情感) 迸发
【典例】 “What happened！” I exploded.“出什么事了！”
我情绪爆发了。
out
more
on
and
to
over
重点短语
1.test ________ 检验；测试
2.________ like 更像是；更接近
3.________ a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
4.pros ________ cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5.superior ________ 比……更好；更胜一筹
6.take ________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
with
out
away
an
7.conflict ________ 与……冲突或抵触
8.turn ________ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9.fall ________ (逐渐)减少；消失
10.have ________ urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
精选佳句
教材原句
was
being
sensitive
1.Tony told her she ________ ________ ________ and was just
as good as Gladys.托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就
像格拉迪斯一样好。
句式结构
句式 1：be being＋adj.为进行时结构，是强调形容词的一种形
式
教材原句
invite
2.He suggested that she ________ Gladys and her friends to the
house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.他建议
她邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友来家里，在他离开和拉里回来的前一
天晚上。
句式结构
句式 2：suggest 引导宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气
教材原句
that
and
that
3.She heard him declare ________ he did not want to leave her
the next day, ________ ________ he felt more than just the desire to
please her.她听见他说他明天不想离开她，他感觉到的不仅仅是想
让她高兴。
句式结构
句式 3：动词 declare 后接宾语从句，第一个宾语从句中的 that
可以省略，而第二个 that 不可以省略
It
was
at
ten
o'clock
today
that
教材原句
4.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ the first of all Time Machines began its career.今天十点钟，
第一台时间机器开始了它的工作。
句式结构
句式 4：it is/was...that...为强调句句型
教材原句
As
my
pace
grew
faster
5.________ ________ ________ ________ ________, the walls
of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.随着我的步
伐加快，实验室的墙壁消失了，我被留在了户外。
句式结构
句式 5：as 意为“随着……”时，引导时间状语从句
课文复现
A household robot named Tony was going to be tested 1._______
in a family by Claire.Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning, but
she agreed to it at last.At her first sight of Tony, Claire was 2._______
(alarm), for the robot seemed more like a human 3._______ a machine,
handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.When Tony offered
4.___________ (help) her dressing, Claire felt embarrassed.Claire
complained that she wasn't clever so Tony showed sympathy for her,
which she thought was ridiculous.5.______________ (gradual), Tony
out
alarmed
than
to help
Gradually
began to win Claire's trust.As a favour, Tony helped Claire make
herself smarter and her home more elegant.In 6.________ expensive
clothes shop, when the saleswoman was rude to her, she 7.________
(ring) Tony up for help.Tony made the woman change her attitude and
Claire thanked Tony, 8.________ (say) that he was a “dear”.However,
Claire saw that Gladys Claffern was also there and Claire felt
9.________ (guilt).Claire wept after arriving home and to comfort her,
Tony suggested she 10.____________ (invite) Gladys and her friends
to the house which would have been completely transformed by then.
an
rang
saying
guilty
(should) invite
单句语法填空
1.I felt guilty ___________ my conflict with my dear friend and I
must apologise to him.
2.The salesman didn't work yesterday because he had some
__________ (urge) things to handle.
3.It is _________ (calculate) that European railways alone spend
about 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.
for/about
urgent
calculated
4.He ________________ (dismiss) from his job for inaction and
incompetence.
was dismissed
appointed
5.To my great sorrow, my good friend didn't turn up at the
____________ (appoint) time.
6.Of the two formats, I think this one is superior ______ the other
one.
to
division
7.The ____________ (divide) of labour between workers and
management will change in the near future.
8.The interviews were given to __________ random sample of
students, whose result is fair.
9.We drove along a ____________ (mud) road to reach the
farmhouse.
10.The system was introduced _________ a trial basis for one
month.
a
muddy
on
1.appointment n.预约；约会；委任
【典例】
①His appointment made everyone very happy.他的任命使大家
很高兴。
②My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologise to you
for failing to keep the appointment. 我的老师建议我为没能赴约向
你道歉。
【归纳】
take up an appointment as...担任……(职务)
make/have/fix an appointment with sb.和某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
【拓展】
(1)appoint vt.约定；确定(时间、地点等)；任命；委派
appoint sb.(as/to be)...任命某人(为……)
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
appoint a date/place for sth.为某事约定好日期/地点
(2)appointed adj.指定的；约定的
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
appointment
appointed
(1)I have an ___________ (appoint) with Dr Smith, but I need to
change it.
(2)My mother didn't turn up at the ________ (appoint) time; that
is, she broke an appointment.
完成句子，每空一词
(3)他被任命为我们的班长，这是令人信服的。
________ ____________ ________ ________ ________ is
convincing.
His
appointment
as
our
monitor
was
appointed
to
take
charge
of
(4)我被任命负责安排那天的所有活动。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
arranging all the activities on that day.
(5)罗伯特和戏剧俱乐部的领导约好了见面。
Robert had ________ _______ ___________ ________ the head
of the Drama Club.
made
an
appointment
with
2.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
【典例】
①In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after
Germany invaded Poland.1939 年 9 月，德国入侵波兰后，英国向德
国宣战。
②The area has been declared to be a national park.该地区已被
宣布为国家公园。
③Our country had declared against any war between the two
countries, which will be announced to the nation.我国已经宣布反对
两国之间的任何战争，这将向全国宣布。
【归纳】
declare war (on...) (向……)宣战
declare for/against sb./sth.表示赞成/反对某人/某物
declare sb./sth.to be/as...宣布某人/某事为……
declare oneself＋adj.宣称自己……
It is/was declared that...据宣布……
单词 用法
declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”。侧
重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等，往往带
有权威性，其后可接复合宾语
announce 指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所
关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。当其后接
间接宾语时，要在间接宾语前加 to
【辨析】 declare 与 announce
【拓展】
declaration n.声明；宣告
the declaration of war 宣战
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
to be
that
(1)The UN has declared it ________ (be) a safe zone.
(2)He declared ________ he would fight for his right.
完成句子，每空一词
(3)法庭宣布被告无罪。
was
declared
to
The accused man ______ ________ ______ _______ ________
by the court.
be
innocent
(4)你知道美国是什么时候对叙利亚宣战的吗？
Do you know the time when America ________ ______ ______
Syria
declared
war
on
(5)据说那个人想成为第一个踏足火星的人。
________ ________ ________ ________ the man wants to be
the first to set foot on Mars.
It
is
declared
that
3.calculate vt.计算；核算；预测
【典例】
①It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2.3 million
people died of AIDS.据粗略统计，仅在 1997 年，就有 230 万人死
于艾滋病。
②Sally calculated that she would have about $100 left. 莎莉估
计她还剩大约 100 美元。
③She is calculated to complete her study and graduate later this
year.她计划在今年晚些时候完成学业并毕业。
【归纳】
calculate that...计算出……
It is/has been calculated that...据估算……
be calculated to do sth.计划做某事
【拓展】
(1)calculation n.计算；估算；推测
(2)calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的
(3)calculating adj.精明的
(4)calculator n.计算器
(5)表示 “计划做某事”的短语还有：be due to do sth.，be
scheduled to do sth.等。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
that
to calculate
calculation
(1)I calculated ________ we would arrive at 6：00 p.m.
(2)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult ____________
(calculate) what its price would be.
(3)Experiment and _________ (calculate) cannot do all its work.
It
has
been
calculated
that
完成句子，每空一词
(4)据计算，去年至少丧失了 47，000 个工作岗位。
________ ________ ________ ___________ ________ at least
47，000 jobs were lost last year.
4.division n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
【典例】
①There was a division of opinion on the matter.在这个问题上
意见有分歧。
②In groups discuss what the possible work division was between
men and women.小组讨论男女之间可能的工作分工。
③The course book is divided into 30 lessons.这本教材有 30 课。
【归纳】
a division of ……的分歧
the division between...and...……和……的分界
单词 用法 例句
divide 通常指把整体分
为若干部分，其后
常接介词 into The world is divided into seven continents.世
界被分成七大洲。
Divide the money among the six of you.这笔
钱你们六个人分。
separate 通常指把原来连
在一起或靠近的
东西分隔开来，其
后常接介词 from We'd better separate the good ones from the
bad ones.我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
She doesn't want to be separated from him.她
不想和他分开。
【辨析】 divide 与 separate
【拓展】
divide vi.&vt.(把……)分成(若干部分) vt.把……隔开；分配；
分享
divide...into...把……分成……
be divided into...被划分为……
divide (up) sth.among/between...在……之间分配/分享某物
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
division
from
(1)To his parents' joy, the boy has learnt to do ________ (divide).
(2)The capacity to think separates humans ________ animals.
完成句子，每空一词
be
divided
into
(3)该国可以被分为三个主要地区。
The country can ________ ________ ________ three main areas.
5.urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
【典例】
①I have a strong urge to travel all over the world.我有到世界
各地旅行的强烈愿望。
②The expert urges that young couples should set aside some
money every month in case of emergency.专家敦促年轻夫妇每个月
应该留出一些钱以备不时之需。
【归纳】
the urge to do sth.做某事的欲望
have an urge to do sth.有做某事的冲动
urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事
urge sth.on/upon sb.强烈要求某人某事
【点津】
(1)urge that...竭力主张……(从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即谓
语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略)
(2)It is/was urged that...坚决主张……(从句中谓语动词用虚拟
语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略)
【拓展】
(1)urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的
in urgent need of...急需……
(2)urgency n.紧急；紧迫
a matter of great urgency 极为迫切的问题
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
to take
(should) be kept
(1)Parents should actively urge their children ________ (take)
advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
(2)It is strongly urged that the library ________________ (keep)
open during the vacation.
urgent
(3)The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in ________
(urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.
1.test out 检验；测试
【典例】
①This new kind of medicine is tested out on animals first. 这种
新药首先被用在动物身上做试验。
②We need to realise that if we are going to succeed, we have to
try out.我们需要认识到，如果我们想要成功，我们必须尝试。
③If you study in a systematic way, you won't leave anything out.
如果你以一种系统的方式学习，你不会遗漏任何东西。
【拓展】
try out 尝试；考验；验证
give out 分发；用完
leave out 省略；遗漏
set out (to do sth.)出发；开始(做某事)
put out 扑灭
make out 弄清楚；理解
【即学即用】
set out
leave out
用上面的短语的适当形式填空
(1)We ________________ to paint the whole house but finished
only the front part that day.
(2)The teacher stressed again that the students should not
________________ any important details while retelling the story.
(3)The long race ______________ the swimmers' endurance.
(4)The teacher______________ the exam papers.
tested/tests out
gave out
2.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
【典例】
①John has a rigid character and often comes into conflict with
his boss.约翰是一个刻板的人，他经常和老板发生冲突。
②She found herself in conflict with her parents over the future
career.她发现自己与父母在未来的职业问题上有分歧。
【拓展】
in conflict with sb.和某人冲突
come into conflict with sb.与某人产生矛盾/发生冲突
bring sb.into conflict with 使某人与……产生冲突
the conflict between...and...和……之间的冲突
conflict of interest(s)利益冲突
【即学即用】
完成句子，每空一词
conflict
with
(1)这些结果与先前的发现相矛盾。
These results ________ ________ earlier findings.
(2)这个故事讲述了爱与责任之间的经典冲突。
The story tells of a classic __________ __________ ________
________ ________.
conflict
between
love
and
duty
(3)她经常与婆婆发生冲突。
She had often ________ ________ ________ ________ her
mother-in-law.
come
into
conflict
with
(4)她发现自己在大学专业的问题上与父母存在分歧。
She found herself ________ ________ ________ her parents
over her college major.
in
conflict
with
3.turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
【典例】
①The whole village turned out to welcome the hero. 全村的人
都出来欢迎这位英雄。
②He got his first book published.It turned out to be a bestseller.
他的第一本书出版了。结果这本书成了畅销书。
③Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner
or later.别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。
【归纳】
turn out (to be)...最后结果是……；最终成为……
It turns/turned out that...结果是……；证明是……
【拓展】
turn up 调高(音量等)；出现；到来
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关掉(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn around 转身
turn over 移交；(使)翻转
【即学即用】
用 turn 的相关短语并结合句意补全语段
由于生病，我的搭档不得不把我们的项目移交给我。尽管我
对这个项目心里没底，我也不能拒绝他。如果我遇到不能解决的
东西，我会向我的搭档寻求指导。完成所有的数据分析后，我按
时上交我们的项目。结果我们的有说服力的研究得了最高分。一
得知结果，我就出现在医院里，和他分享这个好消息，我们的脸
上都洋溢着明媚的笑容。
My partner had to (1)____________________________ because
of his illness.Although I was unsure about the project, I (2)_________
_______________________.If I came across what I couldn't settle, I
(3)____________________________________.With all the statistical
analyses finished, I (4)____________________________________.It
(5)____________ that our persuasive study won the highest grade.The
moment I learnt the result, I (6) ____________________________,
sharing the good news with my partner and our faces beamed with
bright smiles.
would turn to my partner for guidance
turn over our project to me
turn him down
couldn't
turned in the project punctually/on time
turned out
turned up at the hospital
1.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the
house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.(教
材 P3)他建议她邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友来家里，就在他离开和拉
里回来的前一天晚上。
【剖析】 suggest 表示“建议”后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语
动词用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，should
可以省略。但当 suggest 表示“表明”后接宾语从句时，从句中谓
语动词用陈述语气。
【典例】
①(2023· 全国甲卷 · 七选五型阅读理解)However, research
suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off.
然而，研究表明，如果我们练习耐心，我们会好得多。
②The manager put forward a suggestion that we (should) have
an assistant.经理建议我们应该有一个助手。
【点津】
(1)demand, recommend, order, require, insist, suggest, propose,
advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire 等动 词引 导的 宾语 从
句中的虚拟语气结构为“(should＋)动词原形”，should 可以省略。
如：
They insisted that the little boy (should) go with them.他们坚决
要求那个小男孩跟他们一起去。
(2)在主语从句“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/
necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/a pity＋that...”中，从句
的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，should 可以省略。如：
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
人们建议本次会议推迟到下周。
(3)在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, request, idea, advice 等名
词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是
“(should＋)动词原形”，should 可以省略。如：
My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.我的
意见是在接受之前我们要仔细考虑。
【即学即用】
完成句子，每空一词
(1)了解到你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，
中国最好的大学之一。
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest
_______ ________ _______ Peking University, one of the best
universities in China.
you
apply
for
should
ignore
problems
(2)我不是建议你们忽视问题，或者假装事情比实际情况更好。
I don't suggest you ________ ________ ________ ，or that you
pretend things are better than they are.
(3)她的表情表明她已经困了，因此她父亲建议她立刻去睡觉。
Her look suggested that ________ ________ ________, so her
father suggested that she ________ ________ ________ at once.
she
was
sleepy
go
to
bed
2.She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the
next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
(教材 P3)她听见他说他明天不想离开她，他感觉到的不仅仅是想
让她高兴。
【剖析】 句中 declare后接两个宾语从句，用and连接。其中，
第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略，而第二个 that 不可以省略。
【典例】
①(2021·1 月浙江卷· 语法填空)In a study of 33 years of trends
in Body Mass Index ( 体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists
found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the
rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.科学家们对全球 200 个国家
33 年来人们的体重指数的趋势进行了研究，发现全世界的人都在
变胖，其中大部分原因是农村地区的体重指数增加。
②My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and
that he is going to retire next month.我叔叔说他在这儿工作已经二
十年了，下个月即将退休。
【点津】
在 declare, say, believe, hope 等动词引导的宾语从句中，第一
个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略，但 and 后面的 that 不能省略。如
果引导的是多个宾语从句，第一个 that 可以省略，其他的 that 都
不能省略。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)She said (that) she would come，and _______ she would bring
her child.
that
and
(2)I believe that you've done your best _______ that things will
get better.
【句型升级】
按要求完成句子
Here are my tips on how to prepare for it.
1.这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here 位于句首的全部
倒装句)
(should) be told
____________________________________________________
2.He demanded to be told everything at any time.(改写句子)
He demanded that he ________________ everything at any time.
As she was attracted by the beauty of nature
3.Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided
to spend another two days on the farm.(改写句子)
_____________________________________________, the girl
from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
4.为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不
适合的行为并且做出改变。
①To protect oceans better, we ___________________________
________________________________________________________
and make changes.(urge sb.to do sth.)
②To protect oceans better, we ___________________________
________________________________________________________
and make changes.(urge that...)
must urge that more people
(should) reflect on their own improper behaviour
reflect on their own improper behaviour
must urge more people to
The new system is being tested out by them to see if it works
well.
5.They are testing out the new system to see if it works well.(用
被动语态改写句子)
____________________________________________________
__________
【语篇写作】
写作课上，你协助修改同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语
言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删
除或修改
With the develop of science and technology, intelligent robots
will be widely used in the future.In families, robots will help people
do some houseworks and take care of the elderly, babies and
patients.In addition on these tasks, robots will even be able to play the
chess and do exercise with people.In factories, robots were going to be
used to perform some dangerous jobs to avoid accidents.Robots will
change our future life in much ways, which will make more colourful
and comfortable.And we shouldn't depend on intelligent robots too
much, for they are made to help humans rather than replacing us.As
helpers of humans, robots should be used proper.
With the development of science and technology, intelligent
robots will be widely used in the future.In families, robots will help
people do some housework and take care of the elderly, babies and
patients.In addition to these tasks, robots will even be able to play the
chess and do exercise with people.In factories, robots are going to be
used to perform some dangerous jobs to avoid accidents.Robots will
change our future life in many ways, which will make it more
colourful and comfortable.But we shouldn't depend on intelligent
robots too much, for they are made to help humans rather than replace
us.As helpers of humans, robots should be used properly.