2025届高考英语二轮复习阅读解题解题秘籍：7选5学案（PDF版含答案）

英语阅读理解
七选五解题技巧
题型特点
★符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问
题的能力”的要求和“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章, 必须对文章的结构有所了解, 把
握住全篇的文脉, 即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说英语完形填空题是
词法和句法范围内的考查，那么阅读理解七选五就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，
属于言语的组织规律。简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构——语法，而后者侧重语言的使用—
—章法。
★注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思
维过程，七选五不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、
综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。
★题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适
应，与新课程理念下的考试改革走向相适应，与英语教学实际相适应，遵循了《英语课程标
准》的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。
详解分析
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读理解七选五解题的关键，英语的语篇(discourse)通
常是由句子和语段(sentence group)构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能
够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句
子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的“积句而成章，积章而成
篇。”就是这个道理。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是
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段落；另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语
段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落(paragraph)是在某些语体(如
记叙文、议论文)中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，
一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结
合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际
间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，
从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解
文章。
答题技巧
1. 从意思上判断
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯
性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等
进一步确认答案。
2. 从词汇上锁定线索
保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选
项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、
代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找
答案是很有效的方法。
4. 从特殊疑问词入手
如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑
问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对 why 的回答，后面要有 because 等表原因的词，对 when
的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对 where 的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对 how 的回
答，后面要有方式状语等。
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5. 从关联词作为切入点
通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路更清楚、逻辑
更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的
线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系
的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往
表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意
味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。通常涉及的
关联词有: 并列与递进、条件因果、转折让步、时间顺序等。
5. 若问题在段首
(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义
词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。
(2)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然
后在选项中查找相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话在意思上是衔接的，所以
通常情况下，这两句话中会有某种衔接手段。
(3)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案
与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
6. 若问题在段尾
(1)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
(2)通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, hence,
thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
(3)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同
时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
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(4)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的
其他细节，因此，根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中
会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线
索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常
会找到关键的线索词句。
(5)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考
虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧
密连接起来。
(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段
要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应
有这样的特征词。
7. 若问题是一整个自然段
(1)承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可
以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。
(2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在
后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。
(3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，
如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。
考 例
Public Speaking Training
★Get a coach
1. ___________, so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to
offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the
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training that’s right for you.
★Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the
positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told
that you aren’t doing well. 2. ___________, so good public speaking training should develop
those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.
★3. ___________
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and
don’t, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. 4. ___________.
As far as we’re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your
audience can be your friends.
★You are a special person not a clone.
Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your
own personal habits. 5. ___________. Your training course should help you bring out your
personality, not try to turn you into someone you’re not.
A. You aren’t like anybody else
B. You already do lots of things well
C. Turn your back on too many rules
D. Check the rules about dos and don’t
E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough
【文章大意】
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本文讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。 你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公众演讲训练，
也可以参加公众演讲训练课，并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。
【答案简析】
1. E 根据下一句 ready to offer you public speaking training and courses 可知，开头说的是
与 public speaking 有关的问题。故选 E。
2. B 下一句 so good public speaking training should develop those 与空处形成因果关系，
所以空处应表达“你已经做得很好了”的含义。 故选 B。
3. C 根据本段第一句中的 lots of dos and don’t, walk away!可知，如果有的培训讲太多的
条条框框的话，最好不要理会这样的培训。故选 C。
4. G 根据上一句 Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about 可知，空后
与空前是因果关系，给大脑灌输一套规则会使事情变得更糟。故选 G。
5. A 根据小标题 You are a special person not a clone 以及上一句的 treat you as a special
one, with your own personal habits 可知，本段讲的是“与众不同”。故选 A。
实战演练一
After entering high school, you must wonder how to study well. Here are some good skills
for you.
Go to class.
If you want to do well at school, going to class is the first step in studying well.If you miss
classes, you will miss what the teacher thinks is important; as a result, you’ll miss what is the most
likely to end up on the test. 1. ____________
Take good notes.
Try not to write down everything. 2. ____________ Write down unfamiliar terms. After class,
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review your notes as soon as possible. You can fill in details that you missed and review the
material while it is still fresh on your mind.
3. ____________
If you are struggling in class, talk to your teacher. He or she may be able to give you more
help or tutor you before or after class. Most teachers have little sympathy(同情) for students who
just become worried about failing during the last few weeks of the grading period.
Take part in class discussions.
In order to learn more in class, it is helpful to take part in class discussions. Asking questions
and having eye contact with your teachers and classmates can increase your participation(参与)
and your focus during the class discussion. 4. ____________ This helps you make your point clear
in class.
Form study groups.
5. ____________ Make sure that everyone is familiar with the material because you do not
want to spend time re-teaching material to people who do not understand it. Be careful!
Sometimes group sessions can become chatting sessions.
A . Don’t be late for your class.
B. Talk to your teacher if you need help.
C. You should write down all the new terms.
D. So if you want to study well, go to every class.
E. Get students together who want to do well in class.
1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____
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实战演练二
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in
several ways. 1. ____________ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you
are studying for a test.Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold
your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or
doing research for a report. 2. ____________ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind
that note-taking is a selective process. 3. ____________
The following methods may work best for you.
●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
●Write your notes in your own words.
●4. ____________
●Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记).When you do, be sure
that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 5. ____________
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for
you to understand and remember it.
E. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include
in your notes 8
1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____
【答 案】一、1～45 DFBGE 二、1～5 DFEAG
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