2025届高考英语二轮复习阅读解题解题秘籍：七类题型总结学案（PDF版含答案）

英 语 阅读理解
七大类题型的解题技巧
例证题
1. 例证题的标记
常用的有 example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 等。
2. 例证题的解题方法
(1)返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，即给该例子定位。
(2)搜索该例证周围的区域，找出该例证支持的观点。
(3)例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
(4)找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
(5)例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征通常是：就事论事。
指代题
指代题的解题方法
(1)返回原文，找出指代词。
(2)向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近
的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
(3)将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
(4)将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
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词汇题
词汇题的解题方法
(1)返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
(2)确定该词汇的词性。
(3)从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就
再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。
(4)找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选项，即答案。
句子理解题
句子理解题的解题方法
(1)返回原文找到原句。
(2)对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的
字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。必须注意局部含义是由整体决定的。
(3)一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇替换来
表达而已。
(4)分析、比较、判断、排除干扰项，确定正确答案。
推理题
推理题的标志
常用的有 learn, infer, imply, inform 等。
推理题的解题方法
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(1)看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点
进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
(2)依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意
思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们
对原文中的某几个点，如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的
好；推的近的比推的远的要好。
(3)推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出
的要比间接推的好。
主旨题
主旨题的标志
常用的有 mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title 等。
主旨题的解题方法
(1)串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性
的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章；针对自然段多的文章，
主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)
(2)小心首段陷阱。
(3)主旨题错误选项的干扰特征通常是局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容。
(4)逆向思维法和快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项
出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接
近的即为正确选项。
作者态度题
作者态度题的标志：attitude
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作者态度题的解题方法
(1)应精确理解四个选项的含义。
(2)不要掺杂自己的观点。
(3)寻找文中一些具有感彩的词，如：fortunately, excessively, too many 等。
(4)举例的方式。
(5)抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋
篇结构。
(6)做作者态度题时，要特别注意的是首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。
考例 1
Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-
year-old Swede is anything but ordinary, from the computer in his parents’ home he helps the US
Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals(网络犯罪
分子).
Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the
maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7,
finding out the suspected(嫌疑的) sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus. The suspect was
caught in Manila on May 8.
Jonathan’s special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the
“virtual” crimewave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing
his younger brother’s football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on
e-security(电子安全) to large companies.He reads a lot and exchanges information with other
computer experts to know much about the latest tricks of the hacker(黑客) trade.
Many companies have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the
moment.Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at Sweden’s Uppsala University and
start up his own e-security company.
Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid”.“Jonathan is
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a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer,” his little
sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because “he likes to help”, not because he’s looking
for fame and recognition.
When the world was hit by the “Love Bug” virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech
on e-security to look into the problem.“Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began
looking.” Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the
FBI.He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in
finding the suspect so quickly.
“This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at.”
( )1. The passage mainly wants to tell us that ______.
A. Swedish kid helps FBI find out the most wanted cyber criminals
B. Jonathan is really a quiet, gentle and ordinary boy
C. many companies want the young computer expert to join in
D. any cyber criminals will surely be found out wherever they are
( )2. The public started to know something about Jonathan just from ______.
A. his helping the US FBI to find out the sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus
B. his work together with Fredrik Bjoerck to find out the maker of the “Melissa” virus
C. his little sister’s talk about his good qualities as a regular kid and a good programmer
D. his speech on e-security to many computer companies after his fight against hackers
( )3. From Jonathan’s success in finding out the sender of the dangerous “Love Bug” virus we
can infer that ______.
A. where there’s a will, there’s a way B. experience is knowledge
C. hard work leads to success D. failure is the mother of success
( )4. What do we know about Jonathan
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A. He is a good fame hunter with various abilities.
B. He is such a brave fighter that any criminal will feel afraid.
C. He is an expert on security, not interested in running a company.
D. He is a regular kid but does something unusual.
【文章大意】
本文讲述了 19 岁的瑞典男孩 Jonathan 凭借自己出色的电脑技术，帮助美国联邦调查局
寻找网络犯罪分子。
【答案简析】
1. A 主旨大意题。由第一段第二句的… he helps the US Federal Bureau of
Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals(网络犯罪分子).可知，本文
想告诉我们的是瑞典男孩 Jonathan 帮助美国联邦调查局寻找网络犯罪分子。故选 A。
2. B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句 Jonathan first made headlines when he and another
Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999.可知，
公众是通过 Jonathan 和 Fredrik Bjoerck 联手发现“梅利莎”病毒才知道了 Jonathan。故选 B。
3. B 推理判断题。由文章最后一句 He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took
three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly.可知，以前积累的经验对他
以后的工作大有帮助。故选 B。
4. D 细节理解题。由第五段第一句 Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists
he’s just “a regular kid”.可知，Jonathan 是一个平凡的孩子，但他却做出了一些不寻常的事情。
故选 D。
考例 2
●Never give out identifying information such as Name, Home Address, School Name or
Telephone Number in a public message such as in a chat room or on bulletin boards. Never send
a person your photograph without first checking with your parents.
●Never reply to messages or bulletin board items that make you feel uncomfortable.
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●Be careful when someone offers something for nothing, such as gifts and money. Be very
careful about any offers that get you to meet or have someone visit your house.
●Tell your parents right away if you come across any information that makes you feel
uncomfortable.
●Never arrange a face-to-face meeting without telling your parents. If your parents agree to the
meeting, make sure that you meet in a public place and have a parent with you.
●Remember that people online may not be who they seem.Because you can’t see or even hear the
person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone who says
that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man.
●Be sure that you are dealing with someone that you and your parents know and trust before
giving out any personal information about yourself through e-mails.
●Get to know your “online friend” just as you get to know all of your friends.
( )1. The best title for this passage is ______.
A. Warning against making online friends B. Messages one can get on the Internet
B. How to make friends on the Internet D. Safety tips for kids on the Internet
( )2. The underlined word “misrepresent” in the passage means ______.
A. making a wrong judgment about B. understanding somebody wrongly
C. giving a wrong description of D. forming a wrong opinion about
( )3. In the last four paragraphs, the writer suggests that one should ______.
A. believe nobody on the net B. be careful about the online friends
C. not be honest on the net D. make friends with those you believe in
( )4. What will you do if an online friend asks you to meet him or her
A. Meet him or her as soon as possible.
B. Meet him or her without telling your parents.
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C. Tell your parents and with them meet him or her in a public place.
D. Never meet him or her face to face even with your parents.
( )5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. It’s safe to publish one’s name and telephone number on bulletin boards.
B. It will take a kid some time to know an online friend similar to knowing any friend
that he/ she has.
C. It’s safer to give out personal information through e-mails.
D. Never reply to messages or bulletin board items when a kid surfs the net.
【文章大意】
本文讲述了在网络上保护自己不受伤害所要注意的几个方面。
【答案简析】
1. D 主旨大意题。整篇文章都在提醒和告诫上网的孩子要小心谨慎，确保个人信息和人身
安全。Safety tips for kids on the Internet(孩子上网的安全提示)是文章最好的标题。故选 D。
2. C 词义猜测题。由本条最后一句 Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could
really be an old man.可知，人们在网上聊天时由于难以看到对方或听到对方的声音，所以
有些网民就编造个人信息来蒙骗对方。misrepresent 意为“误传；歪曲”。故选 C。
3. B 细节理解题。在文章最后四段中，作者告诫孩子们交网友时要当心，并提供了一些建
议。故选 B。
4. C 细节理解题。由第五段的内容可知，作者建议孩子们与网友见面的场所为公共场所，
并且要有家长在场，这样会安全些。故选 C。
5. B 信息提示题。由最后一段 Get to know your “online friend” just as you get to know all of
your friends.可知，了解一个网友就像了解自己的朋友一样会花费一段时间。故选 B。
实战演练一
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Sure, it’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the
classroom more pleasant.
And yes, it’s good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how
to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
But really, there’s one super-important reason why you should get along with your
teacher.When you do, “learning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who
writes an education column(专栏) called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.
In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more
comfortable asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier to understand new
material and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or
she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues,
such as bullying(欺负人).
As a kid in a primary or middle school, you’re at a wonderful stage in your life. You’re like a
sponge(海绵), able to soak up lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you’re able to
think about all this information in new ways. Your teacher knows that, and in most cases, is very
excited to be the person who’s giving you all that material and helping you put it together.
Remember, teachers are people, too, and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching
you. That’s why they wanted to be teachers in the first place—to teach!
Some kids may be able to learn in any situation, whether they like the teacher or not. But
most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher, and if things aren’t going well,
they won’t learn as well and won’t enjoy being in class.
( )1. The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. how to get along well with teachers
B. the importance of a good relation with teachers
C. how much the students are expected of to get along with teachers
D. how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant
( )2. “Learning bursts right open” in the third paragraph really means ______.
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A. learning becomes easier for you at once
B. you find an opening to learning
C. there will be more problems with learning
D. there will be no problems with learning
( )3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A. You are getting on well with your teachers, so you have more questions than others.
B. You find it comfortable to ask questions, so you can build a good relationship with
teachers.
C. You have a good relationship with teacher, so you can turn to him/ her when in
trouble.
D. You are in trouble, so you can build a good relationship with teachers.
( )4. Which of the comments is FALSE on teachers and their work according to the passage
A. Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.
B. Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.
C. Though few there are still some students who can learn even if they don’t like the
teacher.
D. Having a bad relationship with your teachers does more or less harm to your studies.
实战演练二
He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding
astrophysicist(天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he
was eight years old.
In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall, Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not
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active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics, and that only the
diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone(神经元) disease made him concentrate on
his work.
Professor Hawking said, “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 but then she was
definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further
than halfway up his class. “My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of
my teachers,” he said. “But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they
saw signs of something better.”
But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at
the age of 21 that galvanized him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that
resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said, “When you are faced with the possibility of
an early death, it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to
do.”
( )1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.
B. Stephen Hawking couldn’t read at the age of 7.
C. Stephen Hawking’s handwriting was once terribly bad.
D. Stephen Hawking’s sister once performed much better than him.
( )2. We can infer that Stephen Hawking was ______ when he was a child and studied in
Oxford University.
A. clever B. lazy C. bright D. mean
( )3. What made Stephen Hawking devote himself to his work
A. Patience. B. Knowledge. C. Disease. D. Laziness.
( )4. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Stephen Hawking didn’t realize his dreams in physics.
B. It was possible for Hawking to face the early death.
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C. The purpose of the doctor’s diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.
D. His life might be taken away by long hard work.
( )5. From whom did Hawking get a relatively just estimation when he was at school
A. His sister. B. His classmates.
B. His teachers. D. His parents.
【答 案】一、1～4 BACA 1～5 ABCBB
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