2025届高考英语二轮复习阅读解题解题秘籍：推理判断题学案（PDF版含答案）

英语阅读理解
推理判断题解题技巧
题型特点
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括推理和判断题。这两类题常常相互
依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解
表面文字的基础上，作出推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含和深层的意思，也就是通过文章
中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和
观点。
设题方式
1. 推测作者写作目的或意图
(1)The purpose in writing this text is to ...
(2)The author writes this passage to ...
(3)The author in this passage intends to ...
2. 推测文章的观点或结论
(1)It can be inferred from the passage that...
(2)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
(3)From the passage we can conclude that ...
3. 推断文章出处
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(1)The passage is most likely to be taken from ...
(2)Where would this passage most probably appear
(3)The passage is most likely a part of ....
4. 是非判断题
(1)Which of the following is (not) true or false
(2)All of the following statements are wrong except ...
(3)All of the following statements are right/ true except ...
(4)Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage/text
5. 逻辑排序题
(1)Which of the following describes one’s logic in doing sth
(2)Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to…
(3)Choose the right order of the following events in…
解题思路
做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知
信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和
细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深沉含义。
首先在进行推理时，要仔细阅读文章，千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法，主观臆断。
其次对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系，以及作者未言明的倾向、意图、
态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的分析推断。必须进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东
西。
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其次，在解答推理问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行判断，还是针对
主题思想、作者的意图进行判断。针对细节的推断可运用略读的方法，迅速在阅读材料中确
定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想进行判断时，主要依据文章
的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果，主观点与次
观点等。
解题方法
1. 抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题时，要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理
判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起
来进行推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状
态以及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上，进行
准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们
掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而进行正确的逻辑判断很有好处。
4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者的态度、倾向是作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、
物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨、热情。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往
隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章中
作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
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5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，
从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可以按照事件发展的
经过描写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
6. 结合自己已有的知识进行推断
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而
得出符合文章意思的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节，做这类题不仅需
要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有充分的理解。
考 例
The internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud(诈骗). Your card information
could even be for sale in an illegal Website. Websites offering cheap goods and services should be
regarded with care Online shoppers who enter their credit- card information may never
receive the goods they thought they bought.
( )1. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage
A. Many stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet.
B. Too much fraud on the Internet.
C. Many Web sites are destroyed.
D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.
( )2. How can the thieves get the information of the credit card
A. The customers give them the information.
B. The customers sell the information to them.
C. The thieves steal the information from Web sites.
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D. The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms.
【文章大意】本文介绍了网上黑客盗用信用卡资料进行诈骗的行为以及我们应该怎样防卫。
【答案简析】
1. B 推断判断题。由第一段第一句 The internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card
fraud.(因特网已导致使用信用卡欺骗行为大量增加)可推断出：人们担忧的是互联网上的太多
欺诈。故选 B。
2. C 推断判断题。由第一段第三句 Websites offering cheap goods and services should be
regarded with care...(当心那些提供便宜商品或服务的网址)的提醒可推断出：他们是从网址盗
取信息的。故选 C。
实战演练一
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just
celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday.“That’s right.” said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I
haven't an enemy in the world. They’re all dead.”“Well, sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very
much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”The old man looked at
the young man closely, and said, “I can’t see why you shouldn't look fit and healthy to me!”
( )1. When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing
the old man again the following year, ________.
A. he was trying to make the old man happy
B. he wished he himself would live another year
C. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred
D. he did not believe he would interview the old man again
( )2. When the old man said, “I can’t see why you shouldn’t”, what he meant was ______.
A. “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year.”
B. “Of course you can see me again since you’re so fit and healthy.”
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C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again.”
D. “Unless you live another year, you wouldn't be able to interview me again.”
实战演练二
There is no doubt about it. The best way to learn new words is to do it unconsciously. I don’t
mean while you’re unconscious. I mean while you are unconscious of the fact that it is sinking in.
That is how I learnt the 30,000 words in my vocabulary by living in an 文库
English-speaking world, mother tongue. I just pick them up. But some of them may be
misunderstood. Now, to misunderstand does not mean not to understand. To misunderstand is to
understand but incorrectly.
The 5% mislearnt of all the words we “know”will be the least frequently used words, as the
more frequently used words are less likely to be mislearnt. Some of the misunderstanding may live
with all our lives, without knowing that we got them wrong.
Many English teachers think that this natural method of learning words in one’s own mother
tongue can be used for a second language learning. They teach their students how to play the
Guessing Game. “There is no time to look up in your dictionaries all the new words you come
across,” they will say. “You have to practice guessing what the word means from the context.”
This method of guessing in a second language learning does not work. It may succeed in
many cases, but results in hundreds or thousands of wrongly-guessed meanings of words.
And what’s more, there are more separate meanings than there are words themselves. Our
learners’ dictionaries usually have many meanings. A good dictionary is what makes self-learning
possible. Don’t guess! Look it up!
( )1. Which of the following is most likely NOT true
A. Some of the words the writer knows must have been misunderstood.
B. Most of the 30, 000 words the writer learned are frequently used ones.
C. How many words the writer got wrong are not known.
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D. All the words the writer knows were learned by reading them.
( )2. It can be inferred that ______.
A. when somebody is conscious, he or she usually can’t learn new words by heart
B. we must use the words as often as possible in order to master them
C. it’s the best way to learn new words that one should only guess their meanings from
the context
D. only dictionaries can help us learn language well.
【答 案】一、AB 二、DB
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