2025届高考英语二轮复习阅读解题解题秘籍：推理引申题学案（PDF版含答案）

英语阅读理解
推理引申题解题技巧
题型特点
阅读的目的不仅在于读懂原文字面上的意义，还要求在理解原文观点的基础上，领悟作
者的言外之意。《考试大纲》要求考生能作出简单判断和推理、能理解作者的意图和态度。
这一能力要求常常通过推理引申题来考查。
推理是要求考生在阅读过程中沟通外现的和内涵的、已述的和未述的含义，以文章提供
的事实为依据，经过分析和思考形成这样或那样的观点；要求考生在通篇理解文章的基础上
去领悟作者的言外之意，并对作者的态度、观点、写作目的、意图、文章的寓意等作出正确
的推理判断。
引申要求考生在理解文章主题思想、作者的态度倾向、观点意图、情节发展等前提下，
作出合乎逻辑的引申。这类题要求我们由“已知的”去推断“未知的”，属于一种深层次的
理解。
设题形式
★The purpose of the passage is to...
★It can be inferred from the passage that...
★We may infer that...
★When the writer talks about...
★What the writer really means is...
★The author suggests that...
★The story implies that...
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★The writer’s attitude towards...is...
★From the passage we can conclude that...
★The passage is intended to...
★In the author’s opinion, ...
★The purpose of writing this passage is...
★It can be concluded that...
★Which point of view may the author agree to
答题技巧
阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章的结构，根据上下文之间的内在联系，推断
文章的深层含义。对于隐含在字里行间或者流露于文章修饰词语中的人物的行为动机、事件
中的因果关系以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、观点、意图等，要依据文章的主题思想进行合
乎逻辑的推理判断。
命题者往往会编造一些文中已言明的事实、超出文章范围的推理、过度发挥的引申等，
作为干扰项来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。因此，考生要特别注意：文中已明确说明的内容不
需要推理，推理以原文中心为依据，引申要适度。
对于涉及作者观点和态度一类题时，不要把自己的态度掺入其中，还要注意区分作者的
观点态度和作者引用别人的观点态度，当作者没有明确表示态度时，要学会根据作者使用词
语的褒贬性去判断。
战 例
The technology is great. Without it we wouldn’t have been able to put a man on the moon,
explore the ocean’s depths or eat microwave puters have revolutionized our lives
and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge. But sometimes this power can create
more problems than it solves.
Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients who have come into their surgery
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waving an Internet print out, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat
cancer. The truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they don’t have throat cancer, and it’s just
that their throats are swollen. Being a graduate of the Internet “school” of medicine does not
guarantee accurate self-health-checks.
One day Mrs. Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work. While I took her blood
sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “I know what’s wrong; I’ve got
throat cancer. I know there is nothing you doctors can do about it and I’ve just got to wait until the
day comes.”
As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray. I looked at it and the blood results an hour
later.Something wasn’t right. “Did your local doctor do an X-ray ” I asked. “Oh, I haven’t been to
the doctor for years,” she replied.“I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so I knew
that’s what I had.”
However, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didn’t fit with it but
she’d just ignored this.
I looked at the X-ray again, and more tests confirmed it wasn’t the cancer but tuberculosis(肺
结核)—something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly. She was lucky we
caught it when we did.
Mrs. Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six
months to ensure that she was fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her. “I’m so
embarrassed,” she said, shaking her head, as I explained that all the people she had come into
close contact with would have to be found out and tested.She listed up to about 20, and then I
went to my office to type up my notes. Unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to
wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it. Typical. Maybe I should have a
microwave sausage while I waited
( )1. Mrs. Almond said “I’m so embarrassed” (Para.7) because ______.
A. she had distrusted her close friends
B. she had caused unnecessary trouble
C. she had to refuse the doctor’s advice
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D. she had to tell the truth to the doctor
( )2. By mentioning the breakdown of the computer, the author probably wants to prove
______.
A. it’s a must to take a break at work
B. it’s vital to believe in IT professionals
C. it’s unwise to simply rely on technology
D. it’s a danger to work long hours on computers
【答案简析】
1. B 由前文，特别是第五段的 I looked at the X-ray again, and more tests confirmed it
wasn’t the cancer but tuberculosis 可知，Mrs. Almond 自认为得了喉癌，而实际上是肺结核，
医生为了确认病情，不得不作了一些有关喉癌的检查。所以让医生做了一些不必要的事，多
忙活了一会儿。由此即可推断出：自己深感内疚是因为她造成了不必要的麻烦。故选 B。
2. C Mrs. Almond 通过网上技术，她自认为得了喉癌，而实际上是肺结核。由此即可
推断出：作者是想证明仅仅依靠网上技术是不明智的。故选 C。
实战演练一
This report presents details of home computer use by a sample group of young people. It is a
common belief that teenagers today know about computers and are familiar with using them in all
aspects of their lives. We decided to try to find out if this was true.
We questioned thirty young people between 14 and 18. All the teenagers we chose said they
had computers at home. We asked them how much time they spent on their computer in an
average work, but we were most interested in what they used their computers for. The average
time spent on a computer in a week was about 12 hours, with the highest user averaging 32 hours
and the lowest user only 5 hours. There was no significant difference between boys and girls.
All of the people questioned said they regularly used the computer to play games. Fourteen
teenagers told us they did some word-processing at home, but not very much. Only 2 of the
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respondents said that computers helped them with their studies, while 8 people told us they kept
addresses and telephone numbers on their computers or used them as diaries. Only 3 people said
they were learning to program computers, and nobody consulted databases (other than their
address lists). None of the people used their computer for any other purpose. The chart gives the
overall results in detail.
The results indicate that computers are seen by most young people as little more than games
machines. The other important users are for word-processing and organizing address lists. It seems
to us that, although computers are common in the homes of teenagers, they have not yet become
useful tools in everyday life.
( )1. Where do you think the report is from
A. A textbook. B. A newspaper.
B. An advertisement. D. A poster.
( )2. The report shows that _______.
A. computers are helpful for teenagers to study at home
B. computers play an important role in teenagers’ daily life
C. most teenagers questioned take computers for game machines
D. girls spend less time on computer than boys do in a week
( )3. Which of the following ways that computers are used is NOT mentioned in report
A. Used as a word-processor.
B. Used as a game machine.
C. Used to keep telephone numbers.
D. Used to communicate with others.
( )4. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. All teenagers use computers to play games.
B. Many respondents said that computers helped them with their studies.
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C. Computers are useful to young persons in their life.
D. It is very important for young persons to use computers in a right way.
实战演练二
The Internet has opened up a whole new on-line world for us to meet, chat and go where
we’ve never been before.
But just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior that should
be followed when online. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to
be treated. Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face ” If
the answer is no, rewrite and reread. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel
comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct is to fire back in the same manner.
But try not to do so. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their
messages. If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by
politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
Everyone was new to the network once. Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may
not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake whether it’s a
stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may
not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything.
Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.
If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if
you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex, and marital status.
Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal
information, don’t ask such questions.
( )1. When you send short messages to a person, you must _______.
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A. make sure that they mean no harm
B. read them again and again
C. say something good to hear
D. repeat them later to the person’s face
( )2. If you are hurt in the chat room by others, you should _______.
A. fight back in the same wayB. take them seriously
B. have none of them D. ignore them
( )3. If a newcomer who communicates on line makes any mistakes, you _______.
A. should point them out sharply
B. shouldn’t give any advice unless required by them
C. should say something about them
D. should take your responsibility to correct them
( )4. This passage mainly tells us _______.
A. some rules of Internet communication
B. ways of sending messages
C. rules of the chat room
D. ways of making friends on the Internet
【答 案】一、1～4 BCDD 二、1～4 ADDB
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