2025届高考英语二轮复习阅读解题解题秘籍：议论文学案（PDF版含答案）

英语阅读理解
议论文解题技巧
语篇特点
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文
阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、
观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
英语文章讲究使用主题段或主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，
主题句可能在一段的开头交待该段的中心意思，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。主题句也可
能在中间或末尾，由全段展开讨论后归纳总结出来。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，
使文章行文连贯，为了深化主题，作者可能用许多方法来写。
设题形式
议论文，有论点，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的
推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节
以及文章的主旨或作者想表达的意图等方面着手，考查思维能力和判定能力。
1. 主旨大意题
这种题型考查对议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作
者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。
2. 推理判断题
这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果又绝不是事实本身。它主要测试逻辑思维能力，
侧重于推理。
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3. 细节理解题
这种题型也是议论文试题的主要题型，要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。
解题技巧
1. 抓论点、找论据。
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住
了论题，我们就把握了中心。
2. 注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。
把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下
两类:
(1)Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、
分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
(2) Argument/ Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/ Restating the idea 这就是“由论点到论据到
结论或者强调论点”的过程。
3. 体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。
能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的
态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度
时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。
做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
考 例
Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or
another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world. In
rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And
for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an
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illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a
coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of
powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying
an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.Recent studies in England have shown that
many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult
decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle
instructors, or advisors.
It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new
types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the
process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace
them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out→of→date once
they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just
walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.
( )1. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1
A. The exercise of rights is a luxury.
B. The practice of choice is difficult.
C. The right of choice is given but at a price.
D. Choice and right exist at the same time.
( )2. By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that ______.
A. advanced products meet the needs of people
B. products of the latest design fold the market
C. competitions are fierce in high-tech industry
D. everyday goods need to be replaced often
( )3. What is this passage mainly about
A. The variety of choices in modern society.
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B. The opinions on people,s right in different countries.
C. The Problems about the availability of everyday goods.
D. The helplessness in purchasing decisions.
【答案简析】
本文共三段，文章结构清晰，逻辑严密。作者在第一段提出论点: But for a good many
people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard
to get, not a right. 接着第二段、三段分析问题所在，是典型的议论文 Put forward a question →
Analyze the question 结构。作者在分析问题时指出了两点: 第二段 The endless choice gives
birth to anxiety in people’s lives 和第三段 It is not just the availability of the goods that is the
problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market.最后一句话，是作
者通过分析得出的结论，与文章第一段的观点相一致。 了解了文章的结构特点有助于做相
关的试题。第 1 题考查的是作者的论点，答案为 B。第 2 题作者在第三段引入了电脑的例子，
旨在说明科学技术的快速发展使电脑频繁更新换代，这使人们选择起来困难。因此本题选 B。
第 3 题通过对全文的理解和文章最后一句话可知选 D。
实战演练一
Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we
reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.
Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health
foods are packaged(包装) in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy
colors. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors
turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it
came on the market in a dark blue and white package—blue because we think of it as safe, and
white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much
as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost
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( )5. Which of the following would be the best title for this text
A. Choice of Good Products
B. Disadvantages of Products
C. Effect of Packaging on Shopping
D. Brand Names and Shopping Tricks
实战演练二
Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive(欺骗) When someone tells you
something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give
you a false picture.
For example，someone might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票). It was
great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right Maybe，maybe not. We then discover that he bought $ 200 worth
of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose.
That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her
state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks an other term. One of her
opponents(对手)says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true.
However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a
net gain of two million jobs. ’’
Advertisers will sometimes use half—truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so
they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors
advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache. ” It fails to mention that they only
asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes
the truth can 1ie as well.
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( )1. How much did the lottery winner lose
A. one hundred dollars. B. Two hundred dollars.
C. Three hundred dollars. D. Four hundred dollars.
( )2. We may infer that the author believes people should _____.
A. buy lottery tickets if possible B. make use of half—truths
C. be careful about what they are told D. not trust the Yucky Company
( )3. How many examples does the writer give to show how the truth is used to deceive
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
( )4. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Using half truths is against the law.
B. Technically，half truths are in fact lies.
C. Yucky Pills is a very good medicine for toothache.
D. Governor Smith did a good job during her last term.
( )5. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage
A. He’s really a big loser!
B. Sometimes the truth can lie as well.
C. Advertisers will sometimes use half truths.
D. It’s against the law to make false statements.
【答 案】一、1～5 CBADC 二、1～5 ACCDB
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