2025届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧9学案（PDF版含答案）

完胜高考
阅读理解解题 技巧九
主旨大意题的解题技巧
题型特点
主旨大意题旨在考查综合思维和理解能力，需要在单位时间内快速阅读英语文章，了解
文章的主题思想，对文中信息进行分析、推理、判断，并把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空
顺序和逻辑关系，理解作者的意图、态度以及文章寓意。此类题设问手法灵活、提问深入，
而且语篇意识进一步加强；不仅要求理解文章的字面意思，还要求理解文章的内在含义。
设题方式
常见的设题方式有：
(1)The subject of the passage/ paragraph is ...
(2)The main idea of the passage/ paragraph is ...
(3)The text is mainly about ...
(4)The passage mainly centers on ...
(5)The passage mainly tells about ...
(6)What is the subject discussed in the text
(7)What is the main idea of this passage
(8)What is the passage mainly about
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(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss
(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage
(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage
(13)What would be the best title for the text
(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage
(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be ...
(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ...
(17)The writer s purpose in writing this story is ...
(18)What is the author s main purpose
(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage
(20)The writer wrote the story in order to ...
(21)What is the advice given in the text/ passage/ article
……
上述设题形式大致可以概括为三类: 选择段落或文章的主题思想、写作目的和标题。
解题技巧
1. 弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会围绕着
一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文
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章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？
(1)主题句在文首
(2)主题句在文中
(3)主题句在文末
(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末
(5)没有明显的主题句
2. 找主题句的方法。
用浏览法，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。
找主题句的四个小窍门:
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如 however, but, in fact, actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题
句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主
旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有 therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion 等。
3. 关于干扰项和正确答案。
(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面
推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(2)正确答案: 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或
以偏概全。
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考例 1 主题句在文首
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students—18 boys and 2 girls—had a thousand reasons to be
proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯) out of 4 million
students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest(竞赛) on
Tuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
“Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just
unbelievable!” said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China’s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986,
one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education
Commission(国家教委) as the country’s biggest and best contest of its kind.
【问题】This news story is mainly about ______ .
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D . the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
【答案简析】
这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话: “20 个学生(18 个男孩和 2 个女孩)有充分的
理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是 4 百万参赛学生
中的佼佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的
主题句。A、B、C 三项分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意；D 选项与主题句的
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意思完全一致。故选 D。
考例 2 主题句在文中
Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach
and no waistline—which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the
waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped.
There are two types of fat：external fat(fat under the skin) and internal fat(fat inside the body wall).
Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that
the ‘pears’ have less internal fat, but the ‘apples’ have more internal fat than external fat. This
seems to be what causes the health problems.
The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that
dieting(节食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person
into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than
external fat.
【问题】The text is mainly about .
A. fatness and health B. ways to lose weigh
C. people’s figures D. distribution of fat
【答案简析】
本文第一段交代了脂肪在体内的分布状况；第二段交代了脂肪的种类及不同种类的脂肪
与健康之间的关系；第三段讲的是减肥应该减掉哪一类脂肪以及节食存在的问题。很明显，
第二段，特别是第二段的第二句，起着承上启下的作用，是该文的主题句。A 选项符合主题
句的意思，应该是正确答案；B 选项与文章的意思无关；C、D 选项分别只与文章的部分信
息有关。
考例 3 主题句在文末
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I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects
had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签) everything. I always
looked for everything. Over time, Kate got nearer and I got messier. She would push my dirty
clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take
your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my
feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for
a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her
grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled(爬) under her covers, sobbing.
Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of
sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and
swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up.
She was watching, her tears dried and her expression was one of disbelief. Then, she reached out
her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the
key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
【问题】What might be the best title for the story
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
B. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
【答案简析】
通读全文可知，文章最后一段最后一句起到了画龙点睛的作用，点明了文章的主旨：学
会成为室友。故选 D。
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考例 4 主题句首尾呼应
Shu Pulong has helped at least 1, 000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with
snake bites that led me to this career,” he said.
In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of
Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of
people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.
“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old
man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand.He at once realized he had
been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the
poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife!? Minutes later the
man lost his arm forever.”
“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten
by snakes,” Shu said.
【问题】The best headline for this newspaper article is .
A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arms
C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor
【答案简析】
文章的第一段就两句话，第一句点题，第二句交代了 Shu Pulong 成为蛇医的原因；第
二、三段举例说明 Shu Pulong 如何了解到农民被蛇咬的情况；第四段回归主题，强调是由
于第二、三段中所交代的事例促使 Shu Pulong 决心成为蛇医。A 选项与文章的信息无关；B、
C 两个选项只涉及到文章所举的例子的某个方面；D 选项能涵盖首尾两个自然段，即主题句。
故选 D。
考例 5 没有明显的主题句
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Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world
who hadn’t done an eBay deal. So I decided to try my hand at online auction(网上拍卖).
Buying for beginners：Sign up on www.eBay.co.uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers, and
books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked
with “Buy It Now” and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.
If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay
bids(出价) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid,
then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days, and
when they finish，you get an e-mail telling you whether you have won the item.
How to pay：Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this
before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is
through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card.
Selling made simple：If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I
followed my friends’ advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10?day auction, starting on
a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.
The big things in life：It’s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay
and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Check the ways of delivery before you bid.
【问题】What is the passage mainly about
A. How to make payment online.
B. Ways of making delivery online.
C. Advantages of an online-auction system.
D. How to use an online-auction system.
【答案简析】
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这是一篇说明文，文章结构清晰明了，先介绍注册网址、网上的拍卖品；然后介绍怎样
竞价；最后介绍怎样付款。把这三个大意联系起来，就可以概括出文章的中心: 如何使用网
上拍卖系统。故选 D。
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