Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering Useful Structures课件（26页） 2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

(共26张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
To learn the restrictive relative clauses with that, which, who, whose, whom and /.
To use the restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures .
Learning objectives
She hangs out every day near by the beach 她每天躺在海滩边的吊床上.
Having a Heineken falling asleep 喝杯海涅肯啤酒便入睡
She looks so sexy when she's walking the sand 漫步在沙滩上的她看上去如此性感
Nobody ever put a ring on her hand 她也不接受任何人的戒指
Swim to the oceanshore fish in the sea海边游泳海边捕鱼
She is the story the story is she 她就是传说传说就是她
She sings to the moon and the stars in the sky 她向天上的月亮和星星唱歌
Shining from high above you shouldn't ask why 不要问他们为何在一闪一闪
She is the one that you never forget 见过她你便永远不能忘记
She is the heaven-sent angel you met 她就是你所见的天堂所派的天使呀
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl 噢,她就是上帝制造女孩的原因
She is so pretty all over the world 即使走遍全世界她也是如此的美丽
she
Let's enjoy a song
Lead-in
She is the one that you never forget
见过她你便永远不能忘记
She is the heaven-sent angel you met
她就是你所见的天堂所派的天使呀
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl
噢,她就是上帝制造女孩的原因
The lyrics(歌词）are beautiful. Let's appreciate some of them and try to find the common rules
定语从句
先行词
关系词
She is the one (that you never forget)
1. 定语从句(句意: ……的)作用相当于形容词,是名词的后置修饰语。
2. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。
3. 引导定语从句的词叫“ 关系词 ”。
定语从句
先行词
关系词
定语从句
She is the one (that you never forget)
关系词的三个作用:
1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
Attributive Clause :
定义
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般位于先行词后。
The man who is running is Captain Jack.
先行词
关系代词
定语从句的构成
“一个包含定语从句的复杂句”是由两个（或以上）简单句组合而成的。
The girl was in red.
The girl broke the glass.
The girl who was in red broke the glass.
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
例
1.Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage
2.This is the museum which was built last year.
3.I’ll forever remember the days when I studied abroad.
定语从句中的关系词
关系代词
关系副词
替代对象
that
人/物
which
物
who
whom
whose
as
when
where
why
人
人
人/物
人/物
时间
地点
原因
The usages of relative pronouns(关系代词)
Examples Rules
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great grandma cannot forget. 关系词是__________
指代本句中___________ ,在定语从句中作__________(主语 /宾语 / 定语 )
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 关系词是__________
指代本句中_________,在定语从句中作_______ （主语 /宾语 /定语 )
that
experience
宾语
supplies
which
主语
Examples Rules
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 关系词是__________
指代本句中__________ ,在定语从句中作__________(主语 /宾语 / 定语 )
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator. 关系词是__________
指代本句中__________ ,在定语从句中作__________(主语 /宾语 / 定语 )
Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. 关系词是__________
指代本句中____________,在定语从句中作_______ （主语 /宾语 /定语 )
who
couple
whom
doctor
whose
architect
主语
宾语
定语
the architect's designs
1. which 在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语,指物。
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
The fish which we bought were not fresh.
This is the house which we lived in last year.
→ This is the house ________ we lived last year.
主语；指物
宾语；指物
介词宾语；指物
in which
which作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词which 之前，也可以放在从句中动词之后
where
2. who在从句中作主语和宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语；都指人。
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
主语；指人
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
主语；指人
The person (whom / who) you just talked to is Mr Li.
宾语；指人
Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.
宾语；指人
在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和whom。指人用whom，指物用which
3. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
作主语；指物
The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
作宾语；指物
Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.
作主语；指人
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
作宾语；指人
4. whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，可与
of which (whom) the ... 互换。
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
of whom the
This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
of whom the
This is the book whose cover is blue.
of which the
5. as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。
It is said that the moon is made of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth.
I have the same bike as you have.
I’ve never seen so clever a man as he is.
下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用which：
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little,
much 等不定代词时。
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
5. 先行词既有人又有物的时候，只能用that。
定语从句的关系代词
关系代词 先行词 在句子所做的成分
that
which
Who
Whom
whose
人、物
主语、宾语
物
人
人
人、物
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
宾语
定语(谁的)
Summary
Classroom summary
在从句中修饰某一名词代词的从句。
What
Where
For things
For people
For possessive
after a noun
that which
who whom that
whose
定语从句
先行词
关系代词
被定语从句修饰或限定_______或_______；
在复合句中，修饰或限定_______或_______的从句。
代替先行词在定语从句中作成分
可以_______或_______
名词
代词
名词
代词
指人
指物
who
that
which
whom
whose
指代
成分
指人
主/宾
指人/物
主/宾
指物
主/宾
指人
宾
指人/物
定
Classroom summary
Fill in the blanks with that,which,who,whose,whom or “\”
1. Here are some of the people________homes were destroyed by the typhoon"
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ___________were asleep.
3. The earthquake____________ people thought little of,actually caused a lot of damage.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings _____________had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
whose
who或that
that或which或\
that或which
Practice
5. The injured boy_______________mother was lost in
the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6.He is the person __________________ we miss so much.
7.A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event ___________ usually causes great damage and can ruin many people’s lives.
8.The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter __________
rescued her from fire.
whose
that或who或whom或\
that或which
that或who
9. The earthquake ___________ hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys (烟囱).
10. The firefighters to _______ the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate.
11. Tens of thousands ____________ had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.
12. The team brings help and hope to those ______ lives are changed by a storm, flood, earthquake or any other natural disaster.
that / which
whom
who / that
whose
13. The list of people to help has been given is long.
14. The team treated more than 3,000 people were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, helped 2,500 wounded people after the earthquake hit Haiti in 2010, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan (巴基斯坦).
15. They have to be able to do work ___ is difficult under conditions ___ can be very dangerous.
who / that
that / which
that / which
that / which
whom
Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose, or whom.
Starting Prompts Example
Who are the soldiers who…
Who is the man who…
Where is mother who…
Where is the city that…
A:What’s the rescue worker doing
B:She’s feeding the baby who
survived the earthquake.