Unit 4 Natural disasters Language points 课件（105页） 2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

(共105张PPT)
Language Points
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
1. Master the words and expressions about natural disasters.
2. Learn to use key words and expressions by doing exercises.
Learning objectives
1. _________v. 死亡；消亡→ _________n. 死；死亡→________adj. 死的；枯萎的→ adj. 垂死的；临死的→ adj. 致命的
2. _________v. 影响；侵袭→_________n. 影响；结果；效果→__________adj. 有效的→_____________ adv. 有效地→ n. 喜爱；关爱
3._________v. (使)震惊 n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→____________adj. 令人震惊的→ ____________adj. 感到震惊的
4. __________v. 呼吸→ __________n. 呼吸→ ____________adj. 气喘吁吁的→ adv. 气喘吁吁地
5. _________ adj. 明智的→________adv. 明智地→_________n. 智慧；才智
词性转换
die
death
died
dying
deadly
affect
effect
effective
effectively
affection
shock
shocking
shocked
breathe
breath
breathless
breathlessly
wise
wisely
wisdom
6. ________v. 统一；使成为一体→________adj. 统一的→ n. 联合；统一
7. __________v. 复活；(使)苏醒→ _____________n. 复苏；振兴
8. __________vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存→ _____________n. 幸存；残存物→ _____________n. 幸存者
9. __________v. 遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ ___________n. 苦难；痛苦→ __________n. 患病者; 受苦者
9. __________v. (火山)爆发；喷发→_____________n. 爆发；喷发
10. ________adj. 长的；长期的→_________ n. 长；长度→___________v.
(使)变长；加长
unify
unified
unification
revive
revival
survive
survival
survivor
suffer
suffering
sufferer
erupt
eruption
long
length
lengthen
11.____________n．能力；力量；电力供应；控制力→____________ adj.强大的；有力的→ adj. 无力的；无能力的→ v. 授权
vt. & vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 adj. 镇定的；沉着的→ _________
adv. 镇定的；沉着的→ __________n. 平静; 镇定
13. n. 电；电能→ adj. 电动的；用电的
→ adj. 与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→ adj. 电子的
14. __________n. 努力；尽力→ adj. 不用费力的
15. n. 金属→ n. 模特；榜样→ n. 奖章；勋章→ n. 新闻媒体；媒体
power
powerful
powerless
empower
calm
calmly
calmness
electricity
electric
electrical
electronic
effort
effortless
metal
model
medal
media
vt. 递送；生；接生；发表→ n. [U]递送
→ n. 投递者
17. n. 突发事件；紧急情况→ adj. 出现的；紧急的 → n. 出现；浮现
vi. & vt. &n. 打；撞击；罢工→ (过去式)→ .
(过去分词) → adj. 迷人的→ n. 罢工者；前锋
n. 总结；概括→ v. 总结；概括
n. 供应；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给→ n. 供应商
deliver
delivery
deliverer
emergency
emergent
emerge
strike
struck
stricken
striking
striker
summary
summarize
supply
supplier
We had given up the hope of rescue.
我们那时已经放弃了营救的希望。
We rescued him from the enemy’s camp.
我们把他从敌营中救了出来。
重 点 单 词
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
rescue worker救援人员
come/go to sb’s rescue前来/去营救(某人)
rescue...from...从……营救……
rescuer n．救助者
单句语法填空
①She seemed to be waiting for someone to come ______ her rescue.
②This boy ______________(rescue) from the running river.
完成句子
③The fireman ____________________ the burning house.
消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。
to　
was rescued　
rescued a baby from　
The earthquake damaged several buildings.
地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
You have damaged my bicycle.You won’t have it again.
你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。
Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。
2．damage vt.损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失
cause/do damage to＝damage(v.)伤害；损伤
do＋n.＋to短语
do harm to ＝ be harmful to＝be bad for对……造成伤害/有害处
do good to sb.＝do sb.good＝ be good for sb.对……有好处
do wrong to冤屈，冤枉
单句语法填空
①The heavy rain didn’t do much damage ______ the crops.
②Her heart ______________(damage) as a result of the disease.
完成句子
③For them, dieting not only is useless but also might ___________ _______.
对他们来说，节食不仅是无用的，而且可能会损害他们的健康。
to　
was damaged　
damage their 　
health 　
A fire destroyed the house.
一场火毁坏了那座房屋。
The school was completely destroyed by fire.
学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
All his hopes were destroyed.
他所有的希望都破灭了。
3．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
destruction n. [U]破坏；毁坏
destructive adj. 破坏性的；造成破坏的
用destroy的适当形式填空
①The strong earthquake left death and _______________ behind it.
②The town ________________ in the war, but the library remained.
③It is the most _______________ storm in 20 years.
④With more forests __________________，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
destruction　
was destroyed　
destructive　
being destroyed　
He was much affected by the sad news.
这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。
The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.
这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。
4．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感染；深深打动；感动
【词块必记】
be greatly/deeply affected by　　被……深深打动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
【知识拓展】
affect vt. 感动; 影响→affection n. 喜爱; 感情
→affectional 情感上的; 爱情的→affective 情感的; 表达感情的→affecting 动人的; 感人的
单句语法填空
①The traffic issue not only ______ (affect) our everyday life, but may also threaten
people’s lives.
②________ (affect) with high fever, he continued with his work.
完成句子
③Many young people ______________his story and began
to do volunteer work for the disabled.
许多年轻人被他的故事所感染, 开始志愿帮助残疾人。
affects
Affected
were affected by
Many of the children in the shelter are orphans.
收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。
Human beings need clothing, food and shelter.
人类有衣、食、住的需求。
She was accused of sheltering a murderer.
她因为庇护谋杀犯而被控告。
5．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护　vt.保护；掩蔽　vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
give shelter to...给予……庇护的地方
under the shelter of...在……的庇护下
单句语法填空
①Though she was a common person, she ________________(shelter) by the USA．
②The church gave shelter ____ people on winter nights.
was sheltered　
to　
The storm ruined the crops.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
If you go on like this, you’ll ruin yourself.
如果你继续这样下去，你会毁了你自己。
6．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
be reduced to ruins沦为废墟
come/fall into ruin严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉
bring sth.to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
ruin oneself自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉
The city laid in ruins after the earthquake.
地震之后，这座城市变成了一片废墟。
damage，destroy，ruin
damage，destroy和ruin这三个单词均表示“破坏”“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。
damage n.& v． 通常是指部分性损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。用作名词时常用于do/cause damage to sth.
destroy v. 通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中
ruin n.& v． 指彻底毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法，在表示真正具体摧毁或破坏某幢建筑物时，通常不用ruin
单句语法填空
①That mistake __________(ruin) his chance of getting the job.
②This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be ______ ruins.
③The Normans built the castle which was reduced ______ ruins.
选词填空(ruin/damage/destroy)
④The car was only slightly __________ in the accident.
⑤They totally _______ my life after that conversation.
⑥Their house was completely __________ in the hurricane.
ruined　
in　
to　
damaged　
ruined　
destroyed　
He has never recovered from the shock of his father’s death.
他一直没有从他爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来。
Yes, we are still in shock, but we came.
是的，我们仍然感到震惊，但我们来了。
I was shocked by the way he treated his own mother.
他对待自己母亲的方式令我震惊。
We are very shocked to hear that the goods are damaged.
得知货物损坏的消息，我们感到非常震惊。
7．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt.(使)震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
a shock to sb.令某人震惊的事
to one’s shock令某人震惊的是
shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.震惊地做某事
shocking adj.令人震惊的
单句语法填空
①Lincoln’s death was a piece of surprising news.The whole nation was _________(shock) at the sad news.
②Logan’s death was pointless—that was part of the reason we were ____ shock.
③O.Henry’s short stories always gave the readers ____________(shock) endings.
一句多译
听说他的病很严重，我吃了一惊。
④It gave me quite __________ to be told he was seriously ill.
⑤I ____________________ that he was seriously ill.
shocked　
in　
shocking　
a shock　
was shocked to hear　
During the fire, he was trapped in the building.
火灾发生时，他被困在大楼里。
Some people like to trap old people into buying some useless things.
有些人喜欢诱骗老年人买些无用的东西。
The police set a trap to catch the thief.
警察设下圈套来捉拿窃贼。
The two thieves fell into a trap at last.
那两个窃贼最终落入了圈套。
8．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱
be trapped under/in...被困于……
trap sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人干某事
set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall into a trap落入圈套
单句语法填空
①They were trapped ____the burning hotel.
②The fox and the dog both fell into ____ trap set by the farmer.
完成句子
③She had _____________ him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
④The young man ____________________________ his poor quality milk.
那个年轻人诱骗那位老太太买了他的劣质牛奶。
in　
a　
set a trap for　
trapped the old lady into buying　
Bury the old world and build a new one.
埋葬旧世界，建设新世界。
He buried his face in his hands.
他双手掩面。
His body was buried in snow, but his head was sticking out.
他的身体被埋在雪里，但是头伸在外面。
Buried in his study, he didn’t know that the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人已经离开了。
9．bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心
单句语法填空
①His head was buried ______ the book he was reading.
一句多译
他专心于学习，没有注意到我进来。
②He _________________study and didn’t notice me come in.
③He ______________study and didn’t notice me come in.
④__________ study, he didn’t notice me come in.
in　
buried himself in　
was buried in　
Buried in　
The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe.
空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
The doctor asked me to breathe in, then to breathe out fully.
医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
10．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
breathe (sth.) in吸气；吸入……
breathe (sth.) out呼气；呼出……
breath n．呼吸
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
out of breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气
take a breath歇口气，歇会儿透口气
lose one’s breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气
breathless adj.喘不过气来的；无风的
单句语法填空
①After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely out ______ breath.
②They hold ______(they) breath when they watched the match.
完成句子
③He _________________，and then jumped into the pool.
他深深吸了一口气，然后跳入池中。
④They came out of the tunnel and happily _____________________.
他们走出地道，愉快地呼吸着新鲜空气。
of　
their　
took a deep breath　
breathed the fresh air　
The local clubs are making an effort to attract more young people.
地方俱乐部正在努力来吸引更多的年轻人。
They spared no effort to improve people’s life.
他们不遗余力地改善人民的生活。
She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort.
她深吸一口气，费力地慢慢坐起身来。
11．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。
It’s a waste of time and effort.
这是在浪费时间和精力。
若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，常与all, these等修饰语连用。
All his efforts were of no avail.
他的努力都没有用。
单句语法填空
①The prisoner made an effort __________(escape), but he couldn’t climb the prison wall.
②____ an effort to honor our relationship, I need to tell you the truth.
句型转换
③They are trying their best to prevent the river from being polluted.
→They are ________________ to prevent the river from being polluted.
→They are _______________ to prevent the river from being polluted.
to escape　
In　
making every effort　
sparing no effort　
Many people are still suffering from starvation.
很多人仍然在忍受饥饿之苦。
Japan is suffering another disaster because of the nuclear leak.
日本因核泄漏正遭受另一场灾难。
12．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from...受……折磨；患……病
suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n．患难者；患病者
suffer，suffer from
(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等，如suffer pain/defeat/losses/ the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。
(2)suffer from常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词，表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease“遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病”。
He suffered many defeats before success.
成功前他失败了很多次。
The child suffers from measles.
这个小孩得了麻疹。
单句语法填空
①The old man went through a lot of __________(suffer) in the old days. What’s worse, he suffered _______ heart attack when he was in his eighties.
②A lot of money has been collected to help those ________(suffer) from the floods.
③Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the _____________ (suffer) from the great fire.
选词填空(suffer/suffer from)
④Unluckily, he ________________ a sudden heart failure and died.
⑤Within a few days she became seriously ill and __________great pain.
sufferings　
from　
suffering　
sufferers　
suffered from　
suffered　
【常用搭配】
13. supply /s pla / n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl. ] 补给品 vt. 供应；
供给
supply and demand 供需
in short supply 供应短缺
medical/relief supplies 医疗/救援物资补给
supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb./sth. 供应…给某人
provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 提供…给某人
单句语法填空
1) Foreign governments supplied arms _______ the army.
2) In the earthquake-stricken area, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food _________ (supply).
3) At the beginning of this term, students are supplied _______ a list of books that they are expected to read.
4) This theme park, which is based on cartoon stories, uses the most advanced technology to provide visitors _____ a brand new experience of thrills and fun.
supplies
to
with
with
14. survive /s va v/ vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
【联想词】
【常用搭配】
__________ n.幸存，生存 __________ n.幸存者
survival
survivor
survive on sth 依靠.......生活
survive sb. by +时间 比.....活或者存在的时间长
1)It is reported that the only __________ (survive) in the car crash was badly injured .
2)Earthquakes cannot be predicted, but your chances of __________________ (survive) are much larger if you know what to do when an earthquake strikes.
3)Tom is biking across Europe, surviving entirely _______ discarded (丢弃的）food.
survivor
survival/surviving
on
单句语法填空
【用法】
15. power / pa (r)/ n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
① n. 电力供应，能量
power station/wind power
② n. 统治，政权，能力，影响力
be in power 执政
come to power 开始掌权/执政
within one’s power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/ out of one’s power 力所不能及的
③ vt.驱动，推动（机器或车辆）
1) 众所周知，知识就是力量。
As is known to all, knowledge is ________.
2) 完成这项任务在我的能力范围之内。
Finishing the task is _________________.
power
within my power
【联想词】
16. strike /stra k/ vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；击打 n. 罢工；袭击
___________ adj.引人注目的，显著的，惊人的
striking
【常用搭配】
(1)be struck with/by　　　　 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb. that. . .= It hits/hit sb. that ... = It occurs/occurred to sb that ... 某人突然想到……
(2)strike. . . into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
判断下面句子中strike的词性及含义
The country was struck by such terrible storms as few citizens had ever experienced before.
________
(2) As the clock struck nine, players took up their positions and the match began. _________
(3)Scientists have found 2 sites where giant asteroids struck earth millions of years ago.
__________
(4)When I got home, I found the door open. A terrible thought struck me that someone had broken into my house. ____________
(5) Before the flight made a stopover in France, the captain announced that because of a strike no flights were leaving Paris. ____________
vt. 侵袭
vt. 敲 (钟)
vt. 碰、撞
vt. 突然想到
n. 罢工
单句语法填空
1) It ________(strike) me that I had left my key in the office.
2) A large number of workers are _____strike for higher wages.
3) The earthquake ________ (strike) Tangshan at midnight and the city lay in ruins at one moment.
struck
on
struck
【联想词】
17. deliver /d l v (r)/ vi. & vt. 传递；传达 vt. 发表
__________ n. 递送；分娩
delivery
deliver sth. to... 把某物投递/传送/运送到......
deliver a message 传话
deliver a baby接生
deliver a lecture/speech发表演讲
【常用搭配】
完成句子
1)本周末李教授将在学校大厅发表演讲。
Professor Li will _________________ at the school hall this weekend.
单句语法填空
2)Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to ________ (运送） food and supplies.
2) You can have food ___________ to your house using food _________ apps. (deliver)
3)The door-to-door food __________ (deliver) service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of online shopping and the busy life in China.
deliver a speech
delivered
delivery
delivery
deliver
【联想词】
18. effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
【常用搭配】
__________ adj.有效的，实际的 _________ adv.有效地，实际上
effective
effectively
have an effect/influence on 对...产生影响
（物+）come into effect 开始实施，生效
（人+）put/bring...into effect 实施，实行，使生效
in effect 事实上，实际上 side effects 副作用
cause and effect 因果 greenhouse effect 温室效应
单句语法填空
1)The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, indicating that China has a greater effect _______ the world.
完成句子
2)就我而言，每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。
→As far as I’m concerned, staying up late every day is certain to __________________ greatly. (affect)
→In my view, staying up late every day is certain to ________________________________. (effect)
on
have a great effect on your health
affect your health
【联想词】
19. length /le θ/ n. 长；长度
【常用搭配】
in length 在长度上
at length 最后地,详尽地
_______ adj.长的 v.渴望
long
单句语法填空
1) The area can easily be worked out if you know the _________ (long) and the __________ (broad).
2) A summary should be around one third the _______ (long) of the original text.
length
breadth
length
They set up a special committee to look into the matter.
他们设立了一个专门的委员会来调查此事。
They decided to set up a new school.
他们决定建一所新学校。
重 点 短 语
1．set up设立；建立
set off 出发；动身；开始
set out 出发；动身
set about (doing sth.) 开始(做某事)
单句语法填空
①—Have great changes taken place in your village
—Yes.A new school was set _____ in the village last year.
②We set about _________(paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
up　
painting　
The meeting has come to an end.
会议已经结束了。
Their quarrel came to an end finally.
他们的争吵终于结束了。
2．come to an end结束；终止
come to an end的主语是物，不用于被动语态。若表示“使……结束”，则用bring sth.to an end。
He managed to bring the terrible situation to an end.
他设法结束了这种糟糕的局面。
be at an end结束
at the end of...在……的尽头
by the end of...到……末尾为止(常和完成时连用)
reach the end of the line/road穷途末路
in the end最终；最后
make ends meet使收支相抵；勉强维持生计
单句语法填空
①Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in _______ end.
②The summer vacation came to ______ end at last.
用end的相关短语填空
③They don’t realize their school life will _______________.
他们没有意识到他们的学校生活就要结束了。
the　
an　
come to an end　
④I am going to charge a new dress, and pay for it ____________ the month.
我要去买一件新衣服，并在月底付款。
⑤They had achieved their plan ______________ last month.
截止到上个月底，他们已经完成了计划。
⑥He failed so many times that ____________ he gave up hope.
他失败的次数太多了，以至于他最终放弃了希望。
at the end of　
by the end of　
in the end　
For miles and miles I could see nothing but a great fire and lots of smoke.
一连好几英里，除了大火和浓烟我什么也看不见。
He did nothing but sleep all day long.
他什么也不干，成天睡觉。
I can do nothing but obey it.
我只能服从。
3．nothing but除……外什么也没有；只有；仅仅
anything but绝不；根本不
I was anything but happy about going.
我一点也不愿意出去。
单句语法填空
Under the soil there is nothing _______ sand.
but　
Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain.
数以万计的人正在体育馆看比赛，这时天突然下起雨来。
4．tens of thousands of数以万计的
thousand, hundred等前有具体数字时不用复数，后接名词时不用of；但如果是表示不确定的数目，即表示“概数”时，用复数形式，且后跟of。
two hundred students 两百名学生
hundreds/thousands of...数以百计/千计的……
dozens of许多；大量
scores of许多；大量
hundreds of数以百计的
thousands of数以千计的
millions of数以百万计的
hundreds and hundreds of成百上千的
hundreds of thousands of成千上万的
单句语法填空
Thousands ____people left the countryside to work in the city.
of　
They dug out an old vase.
他们挖出了一个旧花瓶。
I tried to dig out the truth.
我设法探出真相。
5．dig out掘出；发现
dig into 挖掘；深入钻研
dig up 找出；查明
单句语法填空
I must remember to dig _____ that book for you.
out　
6. on hand现有(尤指帮助)
【典型例句】
He wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he come tomorrow than today. 他现在想见我, 但是我现有这么多的工作以至于我宁愿他明天来。
【词块必记】
in hand　　　 　 在手头; 在处理中
at hand 在手边; 可能很快发生的
by hand 用手工
hand in 交上; 提交
hand out 分发
hand over 交出; 移交
hand on 交付, 传递
hand down 宣布, 把……传下去
lend sb. a hand 伸出援手
shake hands 握手
hand in hand 手拉手; 密切关联
put one’s hands on 找到
on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . 一方面……另一方面……
用hand相关短语填空
①He often _____________when I was in trouble, for which I was grateful.
②If you _______your homework late, attach a note explaining the reason for the delay.
③ If you go to the party, it is polite to arrive on time. It is good manners to
_______________your host.
④When I cut one of my fingers yesterday, I couldn’t _______________any bandages at home.
⑤These traditional customs should be preserved and ____________one generation after another.
lent me a hand
hand in
shake hands with
put my hands on
handed down
7. sweep away消灭; 彻底消除
【典型例句】 Any doubts had long since been swept away.
一切怀疑早已完全消除。
【词块必记】
sweep up　　　　　　　　　 打扫; 清扫
sweep over/across/around 扫视; 掠过
sweep through 扫过; 掠过
用sweep短语填空
①Ninety-mile per hour winds ___________the plains.
②The cleaner was just ___________as I left the building.
③A sudden feeling of grief _____ all my anger _____.
④The crowd _____________the gate of the stadium.
swept across
sweeping up
swept
away
swept through
(1)这是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句。
(2)too...to...太……而不能
The wires are too high for children to reach.
线太高，孩子们够不着。
重 点 句 型
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。
He was too ill to travel.
他病得太重了，不能远行。
It’s too hot a day to work.
天气太热了，无法工作。
too...to...句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
(1)与某些表示心情的或描述性的形容词连用时，too相当于very，意为“非常”。此类形容词常见的有happy, glad, easy, ready, willing, nervous, good, kind, surprised等。在该用法中，常在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just，用来加强语气。
Tom is (only) too glad to help you.
汤姆非常乐意帮助你。
They are (all) too willing to take the opinions of others.
他们都非常愿意接受别人的意见。
(2)too前有not, never, can’t等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太……；不会太……；再……也不过分”。
English is not too difficult to learn.
英语并不难学。
It’s never too late to learn.
活到老，学到老。
You can’t be too careful to do your homework.
你做作业越仔细越好。
单句语法填空
①The problem is too difficult for the students __________ (work) out.
翻译句子
②I am only too willing to have someone to speak to.
我能找到人聊聊天，___________。
③I was too excited to fall asleep last night.
我昨晚____________________。
④I am never too busy to answer your phone call!
__________________________!
to work　
我太高兴了　
太兴奋了没睡着觉　
我不会忙得不接你的电话　
as if引导的从句在句中作表语，as if “仿佛；好像”。
It seemed as if...意为“看起来好像……”。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown－up.
那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个大人似的。
She left the room hurriedly as if she was angry.
她匆忙离开了房间，好像很生气的样子。
It looks as if it will rain before long.
看起来一会儿就要下雨了。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!世界末日似乎到了！
as if＝as though仿佛；好像
even if＝even though即使
若as if/as though引导的从句可能是真实的事情或情况时，用陈述语气；若与事实相反或不符，通常用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(1)as if/as though 引导表语从句。
The clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.
乌云密布，天看起来像要下雨了。
It looks as if the sky were falling down.
天看起来好像要塌下来似的。
(2)as if/as though 引导方式状语从句。
He talks as if he were the owner of the world.
(与现在事实相反，be动词用were)
他说起话来好像他主宰这个世界似的。
He talks as if he had been to the moon.
(与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时)
他说起话来好像他去过月球似的。
She talks and talks as if she would never stop.
(与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would＋动词原形)
她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。
(3)as if引导方式状语从句时可用省略形式，后面接名词、形容词、副词和介词短语，也可跟分词或不定式。
He talks as if a philosopher.
他说起话来就好像是一个哲学家似的。
The lady cried and laughed as if mad.
这位女士哭了又笑，好像疯了。
Tom dropped his head and didn’t dare say a word, as if not knowing the answer.
汤姆低垂着头不敢说话，好像不知道答案。
He talks as if drunk.
从他谈话的样子来看，他像是醉了。
Tom opened his mouth as if to say something.
汤姆张开嘴好像要说什么。
单句语法填空
①—What a noise! I can hardly stand it.
—It sounds ______ if they are having a party next door.
②The man we followed suddenly stopped as if _________(see) whether he was going in the right direction.
③She looks as if she ________(be) ten years younger.
④He talked about London as if he ___________(be) there.
⑤He opened his mouth as if he ____________(say) something.
完成句子
⑥It seemed ______________ he had known the fact already.
他好像早已知道事实了。
as　
to see　
were　
had been　
would say　
as if/though　
(1)Thousands of children were left without parents.是．.. left thousands of children without parents的被动形式。without parents 是介词短语，在句中作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。
(2)leave表示“使处于……状态”时，可构成“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、过去分词、现在分词、介词(短语)等充当。
3．Thousands of children were left without parents.成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。
You shouldn’t have left all the windows open when you were sleeping.
你睡觉时本不该开着所有的窗子的。(形容词作宾补)
She ran away，leaving her boyfriend in the rain alone.
她跑开了，留她的男友一个人在雨中。(介词短语作宾补)
It’s impolite of you to leave the guest standing outside for half an hour.
你让客人在外面站了半个小时真是不礼貌。(现在分词作宾补)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didn’t taste delicious.
大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。(过去分词作宾补)
单句语法填空
①We should not leave the tap water _______(run) or waste any meterials in the lab class.
②I left the door _________(unlock) when I went out.
③Qi Baishi’s style of painting often leaves the audience ____________ (guess) and makes them use their imagination.
④He didn’t feel excited at the news that our team won the game, leaving me __________(confuse)．
⑤Firefighters put out the fire, which left the kitchen _________ (damage) and the oven completely ___________(destroy)．
running　
unlocked　
guessing　
confused　
damaged　
destroyed　
(1)这是一个主从复合句。句中who were killed or badly injured in the quake是who引导的定语从句，先行词是people，who是关系代词，代替先行词并在从句中作主语。
4．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
地震中死亡和受伤的人数超过40万。
(2)the number of意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增加。
a number of等同于many，意为“许多的”，修饰可数名词复数形式，当其所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Quite a number of young people believe that money is a passport to happiness.
相当一部分年轻人认为金钱是获得幸福的通行证。
单句语法填空
①A number of teachers ____(be) present today；the number of them ____(be) 300.
②A number of students ______(be) absent from the meeting yesterday.
are　
is　
were